taxonID	type	description	language	source
3C7D4825FF8DE04021D5499E561D9806.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Adeonellopsis foliacea MacGillivray, 1886.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF8DE04021D5499E561D9806.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Some species of Adeonella (a genus not found in the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ )) can have colonies that look very like those of Adeonellopsis (Hayward 1988), but the frontal shield in Adeonella forms in the same way as lepralioid-shielded cheilostomes, such that the spiramen is strictly peristomial, opening internally above the level of the primary orifice. Adeonellopsis baccata (Hutton, 1878) from South Australia is nominally the sole wholly encrusting species of Adeonellopsis (Gordon & Parker 1991), i. e. having no erect extensions from an encrusting base. It is here transferred to Reptadeonella Busk, 1884, a genus typified, inter alia, by wholly encrusting colonies in which zooids have uniporous spiramina. The congruity of the encrusting colony form in Reptadeonella is supported by a molecular tree in which three included species form a well-supported monophyletic clade (Orr et al. 2019). Multiporous autozooidal spiramina in Reptadeonella are rare, co-occur with uniporous spiramina in the same species, or are formed differently (Cheetham et al. 2007; Yang et al. 2018). Although early astogeny is not yet known for Reptadeonella baccata n. comb., the uniporous autozooidal spiramina (simple or spoked) and dried colony colour (said to be ‘ leaden grey’ in its junior synonym Adeonellopsis zietzii MacGillivray, 1889) are consistent with typical pigmented Reptadeonella. Although introduced in 1884, Reptadeonella as a genus remained unused until adopted by Canu & Bassler (1928). Its type species, Lepralia violacea Johnston, 1847, was included by Jelly (1889) as a junior synonym of a Microporella species in her Synonymic Catalogue, in which she did not even mention Reptadeonella. MacGillivray seems to have been either unaware of Reptadeonella or not convinced of its validity; it is not indexed in the Prodromus of the Zoology of Victoria or in MacGillivray’s (1890) postscript to the volumes and it is logical that he would therefore have included the encrusting zietzii in his genus Adeonellopsis, there being no other obvious alternative. Inasmuch as there are two undescribed species of Reptadeonella in the Great Australian Bight (P. E. Bock, pers. comm.), R. baccata is not geographically isolated. As herein defined, all Adeonellopsis species are erect, even if some, like Adeonellopsis sparassis (Ortmann, 1890), initially have a small encrusting base (Hirose 2016). Finally, the vast majority of Adeonellopsis species have multiporous autozooidal spiramina, as in the earliest named species (Gordon & Taylor 2015). Adeona, in contrast, characteristically has a single spiraminal pore. For example, in the molecular-genetic analysis by Orr et al. (2019), all their single-pored Adeona samples (from Western Australia) formed a statistically supported clade, whereas the sister clade, Adeonellopsis (samples from Australia and New Zealand), had multiporous spiramina with marginal spikes. Adeonellopsis Japonica (Ortmann, 1890), a Japanese species of intermediate morphology, has 2 – 3 spiraminal pores in autozooids (and a multiporous spiramen in gonozooids) but radial spikes are lacking or are just short bumps. The species grouped with Adeona in Orr et al. ’ s (2019) tree and was accordingly transferred to Adeona. One or a very few spiraminal pores lacking spikes is a potential key character for discriminating morphologically intermediate Adeona species from Adeonellopsis, which is proximal to Adeona in the molecular tree. The Indo-West Pacific species Adeona arculifera Canu & Bassler, 1929 has only a single, non-spicate, spiraminal pore. It was transferred to Adeonellopsis by Hirose (2016) on the basis of colony form, but the form of the spiramen indicates it should be retained in Adeona.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF8AE04F21D54B87535898F6.taxon	description	(Figs 3 A – B, 4 – 7; Tables 1, 2) Adeonellopsis morphotype E?: Lidgard & Buckley 1994: p. 104.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF8AE04F21D54B87535898F6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for the fictional character Mace Windu in the Star Wars franchise; he uniquely wielded a purple-bladed light sabre. The name alludes to the new purplish-bladed Adeonellopsis species while indirectly acknowledging the ‘ Black Lives Matter’ movement through African-American actor Samuel L. Jackson who played the role of Mace Windu.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF8AE04F21D54B87535898F6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: NIWA 146070, NIWA Stn O 840, 45.3152 ° S, 167.0073 ° E, Doubtful Sound, Fiordland, 35 m. Paratype: NIWA 101582, Stn Z 15948, 45.3488 ° S, 167.0557 ° E, Doubtful Sound, Fiordland, 5 m. Other: NIWA 74689, Stn TAN 1108 / 108; NIWA 74801, Stn TAN 1108 / 117; NIWA 74940, Stn TAN 1108 / 138; NIWA 92710, Stn TQI 1201 / 25; NIWA 97307, Stn E 820; NIWA 146063, Stn D 131; NIWA 146064, Stn D 132; NIWA 146065, Stn D 144; NIWA 146066, Stn O 840; NIWA 146067, Stn O 841; NIWA 146068, Stn W 74; NIWA 146069, Stn Z 7341; NIWA 146087, Stn K 778; NIWA 146092, Stn D 133; NIWA 146098, Stn P 26.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF8AE04F21D54B87535898F6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Branches flattened, mostly 4 mm wide. Autozooids averaging 568 μm long, 279 μm wide. Autozo-oidal spiramen mostly with 4 – 7 pores. Moderately large suboral adventitious avicularium on almost every zooid, including gonozooids. Small adventitious avicularium occurring proximally on zooid, less commonly also distal or lateral to orifice, and many budded independently by frontal budding on colony margins and older colony parts. Large vicarious avicularia at sparse intervals along colony margins. Gonozooids large, with dimorphic orifices; spiramen like that of autozooids but larger, with 12 – 17 pores; 0 – 4 small accessory adventitious avicularia.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF8AE04F21D54B87535898F6.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, rigid, achieving a dense thicket up to c. 30 cm in diameter and 15 – 30 cm high, of branching bilamellar flat or slightly curving branches; clusters of adjacent branches often having similar growth direction, otherwise branching in various directions (alternately to left or right or bifurcating) with many branch fusions. Colour in life dark purplish-brown with cream-coloured branch tips, fading to purple, lavender or greyish in older moribund colonies; creamy-brown when dry. Branch widths varying with age of colony, mostly 4 mm wide between bifurcations, wider just proximal to bifurcations. Autozooids arranged in quincunx; 6 – 14 longitudinal se-ries according to branch width (Fig. 5 A). Neanic autozooids (Fig. 5 B, C) more or less rounded-subhexagonal, becoming more elongate-rectangular with ageing and secondary calcification. Interzooidal boundaries indicated by thin lines of calcification in interzooidal furrows, bordered by 18 – 26 areolar pores in single series around entire zooidal margin; a few additional areolar pores closer to orifice and suboral avicularium; marginal areolae sometimes merging as zooids acquire additional calcification. Average zooid length and width 568 μm and 279 μm, respectively. Autozooidal peristomial orifice transversely D-shaped, becoming sunken within deepening peristome as zooids age. Interior view of orifice shows a pair of blunt condyles, one in each proximolateral corner (Fig. 6 C). Multiporous spiramen (Fig. 6 D) in frontal depression, more or less central in zooid but position can vary; averaging 95 μm long, 63 μm wide; spiraminal pores mostly 4 – 7, varying a little in size and shape but typically circular – oval, each with 2 – 8 spokes that mostly do not touch. Spiramen becoming deeply sunken and somewhat concealed as frontal shield thickens. Adventitious avicularia (Figs 5 B; 7 B, C, E) varying in size, position and orientation but all having same form, i. e. elongate-triangular rostrum with open-channelled acute tip and smooth raised (gymnocystal) margins, common rostral-opesial foramen, semicircular opesial margin, granular crescentic cryptocyst and no pivot bar; short curved pivot ridges at rostral-opesial transition; granules at edge of avicularian opesia create impression of fine denticulation. Suboral avicularium initially moderately large, the rostrum elevated obliquely frontalwards, directed distally or, more often, distolaterally, the tip reaching just past corner of orifice or overlapping it medially, or not quite reaching orifice. As zooids age, individual suboral avicularian cystids frontally bud additional avicularia, by reparative budding and / or to keep pace with secondary calcification, becoming progressively smaller (Fig. 7 F), rarely with an adjacent such avicularium to form a pair. A small adventitious avicularium commonly forming in a mid-proximal position as zooids age, directed distolaterally; a similar avicularium less common distal or lateral to zooidal orifice. In ephebic zooids, suboral avicularium and spiramen sunken in common depression, with spiramen at lower level. Vicarious avicularia (Figs 5 C; 6 B; 7 A, D) at variable intervals along or near branch margins, less often frontally near margin, their cystids each about the length of an autozooid or larger and typically projecting from surface, especially the distal part. Opesial cryptocyst smooth, narrowing midproximally. Budding of a new vicarious avicularian cystid within the parent cystid can take place. Gonozooids (Figs 5 A, C; 6 A) enlarged, showing vestigial ooecia during ontogeny, averaging 705 μm long, 436 μm wide, occurring generally in small clusters a few zooid-lengths proximal of a branch bifurcation or adjacent to a branch margin. Peristomial orifice larger and proportionately much wider (mean 197 μm) than autozooidal orifice, with very large spiramen (Fig. 6 A) of 12 – 17 pores, each pore having 2 – 5 radii that tend to fuse. A single suboral avicularium, proportionately small, immediately distal to spiramen and not reaching orifice; 0 – 4 additional small adventitious avicularia on ephebic gonozooids. Ancestrula and early astogeny not seen.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF8AE04F21D54B87535898F6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Adeonellopsis macewindui n. sp. forms the largest and most robust colonies of any of the seven new species described herein. Of the Australian species listed by P. E. Bock on the Bryozoa Home Page (some illustrated), Adeonellopsis sulcata (Milne Edwards, 1836) has autozooids with similar suboral avicularia but differs principally in colony form (foliaceous laminae instead of staghorn branches) and spiraminal-pore number (8 – 11 in autozooids, 17 – 20 in gonozooids vs 4 – 8 and 12 – 17 pores respectively in A. macewindui n. sp.). Two others of the new species described herein have similar moderate-sized suboral avicularia, but Adeonellopsis tasmanensis n. sp. differs from A. macewindui n. sp. in having 18 – 25 spiraminal pores in its gonozooid and more accessory adventitious avicularia per zooid and gonozooid, and Adeonellopsis periculosa n. sp. has only 2 – 5 spiraminal pores in autozooids and 4 – 6 such pores in gonozooids. Material of A. macewindui n. sp. from the Snares Shelf was sequenced as part of a molecular-phylogenetic study of Adeonidae (Orr et al. 2019). It formed part of a clade of Adeonellopsis species from Western Australia and New Zealand, collectively sister to Adeona in the molecular tree.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF8AE04F21D54B87535898F6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Norfolk Ridge (Australian EEZ): Norfolk Island shelf, 130 m. New Zealand: Greater Cook Strait (South Taranaki Bight), Otago Shelf, Fiordland (Doubtful Sound, Thompson Sound), Puysegur Bank, Snares Shelf, 5 – 220 m.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF85E04921D54A1752BC9DEC.taxon	description	(Figs 3 C, 8, 9 A – B; Tables 1, 2)	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF85E04921D54A1752BC9DEC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Alluding to the occurrence of the species at two locations in the Tasman Sea.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF85E04921D54A1752BC9DEC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Australian Museum U. 5792, from NIWA Stn I 85, 29.1317 ° S, 168.2500 ° E, 290 m, Norfolk Island shelf. Paratypes: Australian Museum U. 5793, same data as holotype; NIWA 144892, same data as holotype; NIWA 144894, 146154, from NIWA Stn P 239, 36.6917 ° S, 156.1917 ° E, 140 m, Gascoyne Seamount, Tasman Sea.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF85E04921D54A1752BC9DEC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Branches flattened, mostly 3 – 4 mm wide. Autozooids averaging 781 μm long, 340 μm wide. Au-tozooidal spiramen mostly with 6 – 8 pores. Moderately large suboral adventitious avicularium on every zooid; 1 – 2 small adventitious avicularia adjacent to suboral avicularium in some zooids, and additional ones budded distal to orifice and proximal to spiramen in ephebic zooids. Large vicarious avicularia at intervals adjacent to colony margins. Gonozooids large, with dimorphic orifices; spiramen like that of autozooids but larger, with 12 – 17 pores; 3 suboral avicularia, with up to 3 additional small accessory adventitious avicularia in ephebic gonozooids.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF85E04921D54A1752BC9DEC.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, rigid, maximum size not known; longest available fragment 11.4 cm. Distance between lateral branch bifurcations variable, sometimes quite long; branching typically in same plane. Colour in life unknown; dried fragments pale creamy-brown. Branch widths varying with age of colony, mostly 3 – 4 mm wide between bifurcations, wider just proximal to bifurcations. Autozooids arranged in quincunx; 9 – 14 longitudinal se-ries according to branch width. Neanic autozooids (Fig. 8 B) more or less rounded-subhexagonal to elongate-rectangular. Interzooidal boundaries indicated by thin lines of calcification in interzooidal furrows, bordered by 23 – 30 areolar pores in single series around entire zooidal margin; a few additional areolar pores on the inner side of the peripheral ones; marginal areolae sometimes merging as zooids acquire additional calcification. Average zooid length and width 781 μm and 340 μm, respectively. Autozooidal peristomial orifice transversely oval to roundly D-shaped, becoming sunken within deepening peristome as zooids age. Multiporous spiramen (Fig. 8 E) in frontal depression, more or less central or in proximal half of zooid; averaging 106 μm long, 80 μm wide; spiraminal pores 5 – 12, mostly 6 – 8, varying in size and shape but typically circular – oval, each mostly with 3 – 8 spokes that touch or overlap. Spiramen becoming deeply sunken and somewhat concealed as frontal shield thickens. Adventitious avicularia (Fig. 8 B, C) varying in size, position and orientation but having more or less the same form, i. e. elongate-triangular rostrum with narrow open-channelled acute tip and smooth raised (gymnocystal) margins, common rostral-opesial foramen, semicircular opesial margin, crescentic cryptocyst that is minutely granular bordering the opesia but smooth by gymnocystal margin; also no pivot bar but short curved pivot ridges at rostralopesial transition. Suboral avicularium moderately large, narrowly elongate, the rostrum elevated obliquely fron-talwards, directed distally or, more often, distolaterally, the tip reaching just past corner of orifice or overlapping it medially, or not quite reaching orifice. A small adventitious avicularium commonly adjacent to the mid-distal one, directed transversely or distolaterally; another such avicularium on opposite side in ephebic zooids, and additional ones budded distal to orifice and proximal to spiramen. Large vicarious avicularia (Fig. 8 A, C, F) at variable intervals adjacent to branch margins and proximal to bifurcations, averaging 541 μm long, with a terminal groove in the open rostral tip. Gonozooids (Figs 8 A, F; 9 A, B) enlarged, averaging 881 μm long, 491 μm wide, occurring generally in small groups a few zooid-lengths proximal of a branch bifurcation or adjacent to a branch margin. Peristomial orifice larger and proportionately much wider (mean 210 μm) than autozooidal orifice, sometimes with denticulation (Fig. 8 D) visible on inner proximal margin of peristomial orifice. Spiramen very large (Figs 8 F; 9 A, B), with 18 – 25 pores, each pore having 2 – 6 spokes that generally touch or overlap. Three suboral avicularia, the middle one directed distally or obliquely, the two flanking ones converging obliquely. Additional small adventitious avicularia may occur adjacent to the orifice and proximal to the spiramen in ephebic gonozooids (Fig. 9 B). Ancestrula and early astogeny not seen.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF85E04921D54A1752BC9DEC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The shallow coastal Victorian species Adeonellopsis australis MacGillivray, 1886 is morphologically very close to A. tasmanensis n. sp., having in common similar autozooids and adventitious avicularia, large gonozooids and large vicarious avicularia, but there are metric differences. For example, while ranges overlap, mean lengths of autozooids and suboral avicularia in A. tasmanensis n. sp. are very much greater. The most obvious difference concerns gonozooids. Whereas mean gonozooid length in A. tasmanensis n. sp. is 881 µm, the length of one in A. australis illustrated by Bock (2000) (image with scalebar) is 666 µm; the gonozooidal spiramen has 18 – 25 pores in A. tasmanensis n. sp. but only about 17 pores in A. australis. Adeonellopsis tasmanensis n. sp. can have a similar complement of zooidal adventitious avicularia on ephebic zooids as there are on neanic zooids in the coastal Victorian species Adeonellopsis foliacea MacGillivray, 1886, which, however, has a foliaceous colony form and far fewer autozooidal spiraminal pores (only 3 – 4 vs 5 – 12 in A. tasmanensis n. sp.). Adeonellopsis tasmanensis n. sp. has a somewhat similar colony form to A. macewindui n. sp. and A. wassi n. sp. but differs, inter alia, in mean zooid size and gonozooid spiramen number (Tables 1, 2). Overall, A. tasmanensis n. sp. has the largest suboral and vicarious avicularia, and the largest number of gonozooidal spiraminal pores of any of the new species described herein.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF85E04921D54A1752BC9DEC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Norfolk Island shelf (Australian territorial waters) and Gascoyne Seamount, Tasman Sea, 140 – 290 m.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF80E04B21D5499E51659F0A.taxon	description	(Figs 3 E, 9 C – D, 10; Tables 1, 2)	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF80E04B21D5499E51659F0A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Honorific for retired bryozoologist Dr Robin E. Wass to acknowledge his contributions to knowledge of Australian Paleozoic and Recent bryozoans.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF80E04B21D5499E51659F0A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Australian Museum U. 5794, from NIWA Stn U 207, 34.1850 ° S, 151.4333 ° E, 198 m, New South Wales shelf, Tasman Sea. Paratypes: Australian Museum U. 5795, same data as holotype; NIWA 144898, same data as holotype.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF80E04B21D5499E51659F0A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Branches flattened, mostly 3 mm wide. Autozooids averaging 931 μm long, 423 μm wide. Auto-zooidal spiramen mostly with 6 – 7 pores. Suboral avicularia 1 – 3, moderate-sized; no additional such avicularia in ephebic zooids. Large vicarious avicularia absent; rather, cystids of marginal avicularia subvicarious with functional rostral-opesial component same size as autozooidal suboral avicularia. Putative gonozooid slightly larger than autozooids with larger spiramen of 14 pores. Adventitious avicularia as for autozooids.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF80E04B21D5499E51659F0A.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, rigid, maximum size not known; longest available branch fragment 4.2 cm, lateral branching sparse, with distance between bifurcations variable, sometimes quite long; branching in same plane. Colour in life unknown; dried fragments pale creamy-brown. Branch widths varying with age of colony, 2.0 – 3.8 mm, mostly 3 mm between bifurcations, wider just proximal to bifurcations. Autozooids arranged in quincunx; 6 – 10 longitudinal series according to branch width (Fig. 9 C). Neanic autozooids (Fig. 9 D) more or less rounded-subhexagonal, becoming more elongate-rectangular with ageing and secondary calcification. Interzooidal boundaries indicated by thin lines of calcification in interzooidal furrows, bordered by 16 – 26 areolar pores in single series around entire zooidal margin. Zooids relatively large, mean zooid length and width 931 μm and 423 μm, respectively. Autozooidal peristomial orifice suborbicular to a transversely rounded D-shape. Denticulation (Fig. 10 B) of inner peristomial margin well developed, sparse or absent. Multiporous spiramen in frontal depression (Fig. 10 A, E) circular – oval, more or less central; averaging 122 μm long, 96 μm wide; spiraminal pores 5 – 10, mostly 6 – 7, each with 4 – 7 short spokes that do not touch. Adventitious avicularia (Figs 9 D; 10 A, C) suboral only, typically 1 – 2 but increasing to 3 in ephebic zooids; one is placed medially, pointing mostly distally, with a second to one side of it pointing transversely or obliquely toward it; an areolar pore on the opposite side of the median one can later develop into a third such avicularium, converging towards its partners so that the tips of all three somewhat converge. All have the typical form, with a narrow openchannelled rostral tip, smooth raised (gymnocystal) margins, common rostral-opesial foramen with slight denticulation and mostly smooth cryptocyst; no pivot bar but short curved pivot ridges at rostral-opesial transition. Large vicarious avicularia absent; instead, subvicarious avicularian cystids occur on branch margins (Fig. 10 D). The functional rostral-opesial (gymnocystal) part of the avicularium has the same size and form as the suboral avicularia of autozooids, the rostral tips frontally elevated. Only one putative gonozooid seen (Fig. 10 A), 1104 μm long, 511 μm wide, occurring four zooid lengths be-low a bifurcation. Gonozooid peristomial orifice 147 μm wide, the spiramen larger than autozooids, with 14 pores, each with 4 – 7 short spokes that do not touch unless pore laterally constricted. Two suboral avicularia like those in autozooids. Ancestrula and early astogeny not seen.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF80E04B21D5499E51659F0A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Compared to the two new species described above, Adeonellopsis wassi n. sp. has relatively smaller suboral avicularia, reminiscent of those in Adeonellopsis gemina n. sp. and Adeonellopsis minor n. sp.. Colony form in these latter two species differs markedly, however, being smaller with thinner branches. Overall, A. wassi has the largest zooids of any of the new species described herein. It also has only subvicarious avicularia on its branch margins.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF80E04B21D5499E51659F0A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia: New South Wales shelf, 198 m.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF81E05621D54C8B577B98BE.taxon	description	(Figs 3 D, 11, 12; Tables 1, 2)	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF81E05621D54C8B577B98BE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Latin periculosus, dangerous, alluding to the large, presumably defensive, vicarious avicularia.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF81E05621D54C8B577B98BE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Australian Museum U. 5796, Stn I 89, 29.4217 ° S, 168.0033 ° E, Norfolk Ridge, 65 m. Paratypes: Australian Museum U. 5797, same data as holotype. NIWA 144897, 146072, same data as holotype.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF81E05621D54C8B577B98BE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Branches flattened or, more generally, slightly curled, 2.5 – 4.5 mm wide. Autozooids averaging 454 μm long, 241 μm wide. Autozooidal spiramen mostly with 3 pores. Large suboral adventitious avicularium on every zooid, including gonozooids, its elevated distal tip often projecting above proximal orificial rim. One or two additional smaller such avicularia may occur at proximal end of zooid. Vicarious avicularia at intervals on or adjacent to colony margins and proximal to branch bifurcations. All avicularia with open-channelled acute rostral tip. Gonozooids large, with dimorphic orifices and vestigial ooecia (visible during gonozooidal ontogeny); spiramen like that of autozooids but larger, with 4 – 6 pores.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF81E05621D54C8B577B98BE.taxon	description	Description. Mature intact colony not seen; largest fragment (holotype) 20 mm high, 21 mm broad, repeatedly bifurcating every 4 – 4.8 mm, even trifurcating, turned back on itself, with curled branches and branch fusions. Dried colour pale grey; residual patches of pigment on some zooids indicate purplish coloration in life. Branch diameters varying with age of colony from 2.2 to 4.5 mm. Autozooids arranged in quincunx; 8 – 10 longitudinal series across width of branch (Fig. 11 A). Neanic autozooids (Fig. 11 B) more or less subhexagonal, becoming more elongate-rectangular with ageing and secondary calcification. Interzooidal boundaries indicated by thin lines of calcification in interzooidal furrows, which are bordered by 17 – 21 areolar pores in a series around the entire zooidal margin; a few additional areolar pores closer to orifice and suboral avicularium; marginal areolae sometimes merging as zooids acquire additional calcification. Average zooid length and width 454 μm and 241 μm, respectively. Autozooidal peristomial orifice transversely D-shaped to subrounded, becoming sunken within distally cowled deepening peristome as zooids age. Interior view of orifice shows a pair of blunt condyles, one in each proximolateral corner. Multiporous spiramen (Fig. 12 A) in frontal depression, central in zooid or in proximal half but position can vary; mean length 63 μm, mean width 50 μm; spiraminal pores 2 – 5, mostly 3, varying a little in size and shape, each with 6 – 8 spokes, only some of which may touch. Spiramen becoming deeply sunken and somewhat concealed as frontal shield thickens and the frontal opening reduces in diameter. Adventitious avicularia (Fig. 11 B, D) varying in size, position and orientation but all having same form, i. e. elongate-triangular rostrum with open-channelled acute tip and smooth raised (gymnocystal) margins, common rostral-opesial foramen, semicircular opesial margin, granular crescentic cryptocyst; no pivot bar but short curved pivot ridges at rostral-opesial transition; cryptocyst smooth. Suboral avicularium moderately large, the rostrum elevated obliquely frontalwards, directed mid-distally, its tip often projecting above the orifice margin. One or two additional similar avicularia laterally or midproximally in many ephebic zooids, pointing in any direction. Vicarious avicularia (Figs 11 A; 12 B – D) at intervals on or adjacent to colony margins and proximal to branch bifurcations. All avicularia with open-channelled acute rostral tip and groove (Fig. 11 D, E), the rostral rims frontally arcuate in profile. Gonozooids (Figs 11 A – C; 12 B) large, showing vestigial ooecia during gonozooidal ontogeny; orifice averaging 405 μm wide. Spiramen (Fig. 11 C) like that of autozooids but larger, with 4 – 6 pores having spokes that may or may not touch. Ancestrula and early astogeny not seen.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF81E05621D54C8B577B98BE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Adeonellopsis periculosa n. sp. has a very similar colony form to that illustrated for the shallow coastal Victorian species Adeonellopsis parvipunctata MacGillivray, 1886, which apparently has, however, only a single, spoked spiraminal pore in autozooids and small latero-oral avicularia. Adeonellopsis sparassis (Ortmann, 1890), apparently endemic to Japan, is also very similar, but differs in having larger mean autozooid size, vicarious avicularia confined to branch margins and gonozooids with 8 – 10 spiraminal pores (Hirose 2016). The number of spiraminal pores in the gonozooid of A. periculosa n. sp. is the fewest (4 – 6) of any of the new species described herein (Table 2).	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF81E05621D54C8B577B98BE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Norfolk Ridge south of Norfolk Island (Australian Exclusive Economic Zone), 65 m.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF9CE05121D54BC256E99806.taxon	description	(Figs 3 F – G, 13, 14, 17 A; Tables 1, 2)	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF9CE05121D54BC256E99806.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Latin gemina, noun, female twin, alluding to the mostly paired suboral avicularia.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF9CE05121D54BC256E99806.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: NIWA 146095, NIWA Stn D 114, 44.2000 ° S, 173.3000 ° E, SE of Banks Peninsula, South Island, 84 m. Paratype: NIWA 146073, same data as for holotype. Other: NIWA 31485, Stn KAH 0705 / 47; NIWA 74840, Stn TAN 1108 / 122; NIWA 146074, Stn B 175; NIWA 146075, Stn B 488; NIWA 146076, Stn B 567; NIWA 146077, Stn C 706; NIWA 146078, Stn D 131; NIWA 146079, Stn D 132; NIWA 146080, Stn D 133; NIWA 146081, Stn D 144; NIWA 146082, Stn D 173; NIWA 146083, Stn D 200; NIWA 146084, Stn E 817; NIWA 146085, Stn F 94; NIWA 146086, Stn I 85; NIWA 146088, Stn O 840; NIWA 146089, Stn W 74; NIWA 146090, Stn TAN 1108 / 5; NIWA 146091, Stn TQI 1201 / 25; NIWA 146096, Stn KAH 1206 / 4. Also NIWA 146150, Pleistocene, Tainui Shellbed, Castlecliff, Whanganui, New Zealand.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF9CE05121D54BC256E99806.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Branches flattened, in several planes, mostly 2 mm wide. Autozooids averaging 443 μm long, 241 μm wide. Autozooidal spiramen mostly with 4 pores. Suboral avicularia frequently paired, small, directed distad or obliquely so; 1 – 2 additional such avicularia elsewhere on zooid when ephebic. Marginal avicularia vicarious, sub-vicarious and interzooidal. All avicularia with closed (non-channelled) rostral tip. Putative gonozooids with broader orifices and 7 – 8 spiraminal pores.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF9CE05121D54BC256E99806.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, bifurcating, intricate, attaining 6 – 7 cm height and breadth; branches bilamellar, flattened, more or less in same plane or at different angles. Branch widths varying with age of colony from 1.5 to 2.6 mm, mostly 2 mm. Autozooids arranged in quincunx; 8 – 10 longitudinal series across width of branch (Fig. 13 A). Neanic autozooids variably subhexagonal or diamond-shaped (rhombic), or even almost elongate-rectangular, their boundaries becoming irregular and crinkly in older (ephebic) parts of colony. Interzooidal boundaries indicated by thin lines of calcification in interzooidal furrows, which are bordered by 14 – 19 areolar pores (mostly 15 – 16) in a series around the entire zooidal margin; no additional areolar pores closer to orifice but one may substitute for an avicularium. Average zooid length and width 443 μm and 241 μm, respectively. Autozooidal peristomial orifice transversely D-shaped, becoming sunken and transversely oval as zooids age, the distal peristomial rim sometimes slightly elevated and cowled. Denticulation (Fig. 14 F, G) of inner peristomial margin well developed, sparse or absent. Interior view of orifice shows a pair of blunt condyles, one in each proximolateral corner. Multiporous spiramen (Fig. 14 C, G) in frontal depression, central in zooid or in distal half; mean length 96 μm, mean width 71 μm; spiraminal pores 2 – 6, mostly 4, varying a little in size and shape, each with 4 – 7 spokes of variable length, mostly short and not often touching. Spiramen becoming deeply sunken into a common furrow that includes the orifice and an avicularium as the frontal shield thickens (Fig. 14 E). Adventitious avicularia (Figs 13 B, F; 14 A, B, E) varying in size, position and orientation but all having same form, i. e. triangular rostrum with closed acute tip and smooth raised (gymnocystal) margins, common rostral-opesial foramen, semicircular opesial margin, smooth narrowly crescentic cryptocyst and no pivot bar; angles at rostralopesial transition constitute pivots. Suboral avicularia small, frequently paired, generally off-centre if single and an adjacent areola pore (source of avicularium) in place of second suboral avicularium; rostrum elevated obliquely frontalwards, generally directed a little obliquely outwards, sometimes pointing distally, distomedially if paired. Individual suboral avicularian cystids often sequentially budding additional avicularian cystids frontally to keep pace with secondary calcification. Ephebic zooids tend to have only one suboral avicularium, often displaced to a median position. A small adventitious avicularium commonly forming in a mid-proximal position as zooids age, directed obliquely distolaterally, transversely or proximolaterally; a similar avicularium less commonly distal to zooidal orifice, directed transversely or proximolaterally. Marginal avicularia (Fig. 13 B – E) vicarious, subvicarious and interzooidal, fairly frequent, like adventitious zooidal avicularia but rostrum more elongate; vicarious and subvicarious avicularian cystids sometimes bearing a small adventitious avicularium. Putative gonozooids (Figs 13 F; 17 A) a little larger than autozooids, with larger spiramina having 7 – 8 pores, in one instance arranged in a circle. Ancestrula and early astogeny not seen.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF9CE05121D54BC256E99806.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Following Powell (1967), Adeonellopsis gemina n. sp. has generally been known in New Zealand as Adeonellopsis yarraensis (Waters, 1881), an early Miocene species from southwestern Victoria. Adeonellopsis yarraensis is lensoidal in cross section, however, not bilamellar, has only six series of autozooids across the branch width and the spiramen is at some distance proximal of the orifice, such that it becomes sunken separately in highly ephebic zooids, not in a common furrow with the orifice and a suboral avicularium. Harmer (1957) included several Recent species under the umbrella of A. yarraensis, including Adeonellopsis pentapora Canu & Bassler, 1929, first described from the Philippines and Japan (see also Gordon 1993), and Gordon et al. (2009) used the combination A. pentapora for the New Zealand species. Hirose (2016) has thoroughly redescribed A. pentapora, however, and, although the two species are very similar, they differ in consistent small respects, e. g. A. pentapora typically has more spiraminal pores, a relatively large boss or tubercle near each lateral zooidal angle, an extra frontally adventitious avicularium, no marginal vicarious or subvicarious avicularia and no gonozooids or putative gonozooids. Adeonellopsis gemina n. sp. also occurs as fossil fragments (Fig. 14 D) in the Castlecliffian (Pleistocene) Tainui Shellbed exposed near Castlecliff, Whanganui. Colony and zooidal characters (Fig. 14 E, G) are the same as the Recent material, spiramina are identical and the inner rim of the peristomial orifice (Fig. 14 G) also has denticulation in some zooids.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF9CE05121D54BC256E99806.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Norfolk Island (Australian EEZ): Norfolk Island shelf, 290 m. New Zealand: Three Kings Islands, Greater Cook Strait, Kaikoura, Banks Peninsula, Canterbury shelf, Otago shelf, Fiordland (Doubtful Sound), Puysegur Bank, Snares Islands shelf; 32 – 604 m. Also Pleistocene, Whanganui, New Zealand.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF9BE05121D54B8751679D82.taxon	description	(Figs 3 H, 15, 17 B; Tables 1, 2)	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF9BE05121D54B8751679D82.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Latin minor, smaller, the comparative form of parvus, alluding to the small colony and branch sizes.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF9BE05121D54B8751679D82.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Australian Museum U. 5798, from NIWA Stn U 207, 34.1850 ° S, 151.4333 ° E, 198 m, New South Wales shelf, Tasman Sea. Paratypes: Australian Museum U. 5799, same data as holotype; NIWA 146152, same data as holotype.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF9BE05121D54B8751679D82.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Branches slender, mostly 1 mm wide. Autozooids averaging 607 μm long, 270 μm wide. Autozooi-dal spiramen circular – oval with 3 – 4 pores. Small suboral avicularia mostly paired and directed distally. One other such avicularium at proximal end of zooid in ephebic zooids. Subvicarious avicularia on branch margins. Putative gonozooids slightly larger than autozooids, with larger orifices and spiramina, the latter with 6 pores.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF9BE05121D54B8751679D82.taxon	description	Description. Mature intact colony not seen. Isolated branches slender, 0.8 – 1.1 mm wide, mostly 1 mm, more or less bifurcating in more than one plane, twiggy. Colour of dried colony pale creamy-brown. Autozooids arranged in quincunx; 4 – 5 longitudinal series across width of branch. Neanic zooids roundly elongate-subhexagonal to elongate-rectangular. Interzooidal boundaries indicated by thin lines of calcification in interzooidal furrows, which are bordered by 13 – 17 small areolar pores in a series around the entire zooidal margin. Autozooids averaging 607 μm long, 270 μm wide in 4 – 5 series across the branch (Fig. 15 A). Autozooidal peristomial orifice suborbicular to more or less transversely and roundly D-shaped; the inner proximal marginal with sparse denticulation (Fig. 15 C) or this lacking. Spiramen (Fig. 15 D) circular – oval, averaging 79 μm long, 63 μm wide, with 3 – 4 spiraminal pores, each with mostly very short spokes that do not touch; becoming relatively quickly sunken. Suboral avicularia (Fig. 15 B, G) small, squat, mostly paired, generally off-centre if single and an adjacent areola pore (source of avicularium) in place of second suboral avicularium; rostrum mostly directed distally, sometimes transversely or obliquely, the tip closed (lacking channel). Common rostral-opesial foramen lacking denticulation of margin; cryptocyst smooth. Subvicarious avicularia (Fig. 15 E, F) on branch margins; like adventitious zooidal avicularia but rostral-opesial portion more elongate, the rostral tip closed, opesial cryptocyst smooth; articular pivot ridges short, thin, curved. Putative gonozooids (Figs 15 B; 17 B) slightly larger than autozooids, with larger orifices and spiramina, the latter with 6 pores. Ancestrula and early astogeny not seen.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF9BE05121D54B8751679D82.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Adeonellopsis minor n. sp. closely resembles Adeonellopsis gracilis n. sp. in its very slender branches but differs from it in having a larger zooid size and rounded spiramina. Adeonellopsis minor n. sp. also superficially closely resembles A. gemina n. sp., but most obviously differs from it in having thinner branches, larger autozooids and smaller dimensions for the subvicarious marginal avicularia. Adeonellopsis minor n. sp. differs from A. yarraensis in having the autozooidal spiramen close to the orifice, such that the orifice, suboral avicularia and spiramen can be partly immersed in a common furrow of secondary calcification in highly ephebic zooids.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF9BE05121D54B8751679D82.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia: New South Wales shelf, 198 m.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF98E05C21D54E3D518B9CBD.taxon	description	(Figs 3 I, 16, 17 C; Tables 1, 2)	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF98E05C21D54E3D518B9CBD.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Latin gracilis, slender, alluding to the thin colony branches.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF98E05C21D54E3D518B9CBD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: NIWA 92745, Stn KAH 1206 / 4, 40.0140 ° S, 174.1600 ° E, South Taranaki Bight, 64 m. Paratypes: NIWA 144899, 146097, 146099, Stn TQI 1201 / 25, 40.0013 ° S, 174.0112 ° E, South Taranaki Bight, 82 m. Other: NIWA 146153, Stn W 74.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF98E05C21D54E3D518B9CBD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Branches slender, mostly 1 mm wide. Autozooids averaging 442 μm long, 222 μm wide. Spiramen longitudinally elongate and subtriangular, mostly with 6 pores. Small suboral avicularia paired, transverse, their acute tips touching. Smaller adventitious avicularia often occurring elsewhere on zooid. No large avicularia or interzooidal avicularia on branch margins. Putative gonozooids with proportionally narrower and wider orifices and larger spiramina with 10 pores.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF98E05C21D54E3D518B9CBD.taxon	description	Description. Mature intact colony not seen. Isolated branches slender, 0.8 – 1.1 mm wide, mostly 1 mm, more or less bifurcating in more than one plane, twiggy. Colour of dried colony pale creamy-brown. Autozooids arranged in quincunx; 5 – 6 longitudinal series across width of branch. Neanic zooids variably elongate-subhexagonal. Interzooidal boundaries indicated by thin lines of calcification in interzooidal furrows, which are bordered by 9 – 14 small areolar pores (mostly 10 – 12) in a series around the entire zooidal margin. Autozooids averaging 442 μm long, 222 μm wide in about five series across branch width (Fig. 16 A). Autozooidal peristomial orifice more or less transversely oval to roundly D-shaped, the unbroken distal margin sometimes raised forward and cowl-like; proximal margin straight or weakly concave. Discrete round spiramen lacking; instead, 4 – 11 spiraminal pores arranged in median longitudinal row, frequently subtriangular (Fig. 16 B, E); distribution of pores in proximal direction variable, generally 2 - 2 - 1, 1 - 2 - 2 - 1, 2 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 in neanic zooids; average length 114 μm, width 53 μm. Spiraminal spokes 6 – 10, varying in length, simple or bifurcate, some touching or overlapping; spiraminal area increasingly sunken as zooids age with some pores immersed in and concealed by calcification. Suboral avicularia (Fig. 16 B – D) paired (very rarely single), their cystids merged and rostra directed transversely or slightly obliquely toward each other, their tips sometimes touching. In ephebic zooids, orifice, suboral avicularia and spiramina in common furrow. No large avicularia or interzooidal avicularia on branch margins. Putative gonozooids (Fig. 17 C) with proportionally narrower and wider orifices (mean width 103 μm) and larger spiramina with 10 pores. Ancestrula and early astogeny not seen.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF98E05C21D54E3D518B9CBD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Adeonellopsis gracilis n. sp. is wholly endemic to New Zealand. Its branches are as slender as those of A. minor n. sp., but it has the smallest zooids, orifices and suboral avicularia of any of the species described herein. Apart from its diminutive dimensions, the most distinctive zooidal attributes are the elongate-triangular distribution of spiraminal pores and the consistently transverse orientation of the paired suboral avicularia. An undescribed late Eocene Australian fossil [Brown’s Creek Clay, Aldingan (Priabonian), southwest Victoria], in the collection of P. E. Bock may be an early antecedent of A. gracilis n. sp. — it has slenderer branches with only three longitudinal autozooidal series across the branch width but a similar elongate spiramen.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
3C7D4825FF98E05C21D54E3D518B9CBD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand: Greater Cook Strait, 32 – 80 m. Endemic.	en	Liow, Lee Hsiang, Gordon, Dennis P. (2020): New species of Adeonellopsis (Bryozoa: Adeonidae) from southern Zealandia and the western Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4895 (3): 301-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.1
