identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
3C0C87B7FFB3FFADDBECFF766CBBFEC6.text	3C0C87B7FFB3FFADDBECFF766CBBFEC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paranura reticulata	<div><p>Paranura reticulata sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1–14, Tables 1–2</p><p>Etymology. The name of the species derives from the Latin word net (“reticulum”), underlining the presence of reticulations on its body.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body bluish grey. 3+3 eyes on head. Some tubercles present on dorsal side of body, underlined by reticulations. Head with chaetae O, A and E. Head with three ocular chaetae. Thorax I with 2 chaetae De. Thorax II–III with 3 chaetae Di. Thorax II–III with 3 and 4 ordinary chaetae De respectively. Abdomen V with 3+3 chaetae Di. Abdomen V distinctly longer than VI. Abdomen without clavate chaetae. Furca rudimentary with microchaetae. Male ventral organ absent. Tibiotarsi with chaetae M.</p><p>Description. Habitus as in Fig. 1, abdomen V very long, twice as long as the last segment of body. Buccal cone elongate. Body length (without antennae) 0.8–1.70 mm (holotype: 1.55 mm). Colour of body when alive and in alcohol bluish grey. Tubercles developed on central area of head, on abd. V-VI, and in De position on abd I-IV where they are very small, their arrangement as in Figs 1, 9, 10. Ordinary dorsal chaetae (Figs 1, 9, 10, 13) differentiated into short, thin, acuminate microchaetae, medium size, smooth, acuminate mesochaetae and long, smooth (without visible denticles), relatively thick, acuminate macrochaetae Ml and Mc. No plurichaetosis on body.</p><p>Head. Antennae slightly shorter than head. Antennal segment II with 12 chaetae. S-chaetae of ant. IV relatively long and thin, S1 distinctly longer than others (Fig. 6). Apical bulb distinct and trilobed (Figs 7, 8). Chaetotaxy of antennae as in Fig. 6 and Tab. 1. Buccal cone relatively long and rounded at apex (Figs 3, 4, 11). Maxilla needlelike, mandible tridentate. Chaetotaxy of labium (distally rounded) as in Fig. 4, labial papillae x absent. Labrum rounded apically, its chaetotaxy 4/2,2 (Fig. 11). Group Vi with 6+6 chaetae (Fig. 4). Groups Vea, Vem and Vep with 4, 3 and 4 chaetae respectively. Dorsal chaetotaxy of head as in Tab. 1. and Figs 1, 9. Chaetotaxy of central area complete, with 3 chaetae Oc and chaetae A, B, C, D, E, F, G, O (Fig. 9). Line of chaetae Di2–De2 crosses line Di1– De1 on head (cross-type, Deharveng 1983). 3+3 large eyes, their diameter about four times as large as the diameter of chaeta Ocm socket (Fig. 9), pigmented in black. Tubercle Af divided into two large ones along midline and a small one with chaeta O (Fig. 9).</p><p>Thorax, abdomen, legs. Dorsal chaetotaxy as in Figs 1, 10 and in Tab. 2. Ventral chaetotaxy as in Tab. 2 and Figs 2, 5. S-chaetae very long, distinctly longer than nearby macrochaetae (Figs 1, 10, 12). S-chaetae formula of body: 022/11111, s-microchaeta on Dl of th. II present. Tubercles well developed on abd. V and VI, on abd. I–IV only small tubercle De present. Tubercles Di of abd. V and VI fused. Furcal remnant with 8 microchaetae and 4–5 mesochaetae (Fig. 5). Male without ventral modified chaetae (“male ventral organ”). Claw without internal tooth. Chaetotaxy of legs as in Tab. 2. Chaeta M present on tibiotarsus. Chaetae B4 and B5 relatively long (Fig. 14).</p><p>Types. Holotype: male on slide, United States of America: Oregon, Oregon Dunes, Siuslaw National Forest, 10 km North of Florence town, Baker Beach, litter from dune-forest with sitka spruce Picea sitchensis, 7.VI. 2009, leg. A. Smolis. Holotype deposited in DIBEC. Paratypes: female (MNHN) and male (DIBEC) on slides, same data as holotype.</p><p>Other material. Male, female and 3 juveniles on slides (DIBEC), USA: Oregon, Blue River Ranger District of Willamette National Forest, neighborhood of H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, 6.5 km East of Blue River town, c. 520–550 m above sea level, “Cougar 1” site, old-growth forest of Tsuga heterophylla Zone, litter, 27.IX.–3.X. 2006, leg. A. Smolis.</p><p>Remarks. Distinct and characteristic shape of the end of body (trapezoidal) and well developed tuberculation place the new species very close to Paranura s-uenoi Yosii, 1955, described from the Japan island Nakanosima (Yosii 1955). Paranura reticulata sp. nov. differs clearly from its congener in having three ocular chaetae on head (in s-uenoi two chaetae), chaeta F on head equal to chaeta A (in s-uenoi chaeta F is distinctly longer than A), four ordinary chaetae De on th. III (in s-uenoi three chaetae) and three chaetae Di in abd. V (in s-uenoi two chaetae). A more substantial comparison between these species is not currently possible, since the original description of Japan species lacks many characters used in modern taxonomy of Neanurinae . Because of the presence of well developed tubercles on the body Palacios-Vargas and Simón Benito (2007a) suggested to place P. s-uenoi within the genus Nahuanura Palacios-Vargas &amp; Najt, 1986. In contrast to Nahuanura species, P. s - u e no i has however clearly elongated abd. V, and a quite different reticulation pattern (abd. VI reticulate versus non-reticulate, and reticulations of abd. V only lateral, versus only central). Morphological evidence therefore does not support the placement of P. s-uenoi in the genus Nahuanura.</p><p>a) Cephalic chaetotaxy––dorsal side.</p><p>b) Chaetotaxy of antennae.</p><p>Terga Legs</p><p>Di De Dl L Scx2 Cx Tr Fe TT th. I 1 2 1 – 0 3 6 13 19 th. II 3 3+s 3+s+ms 3 2 7 6 12 19 th. III 3 4+s 3+ s 3 2 8 6 11 18</p><p>Sterna</p><p>abd. I 2 3+ s 2 3 VT: 4</p><p>abd. II 2 3+ s 2 3 Ve: 5; Vel– present</p><p>abd. III 2 3+ s 2 3 –4 Ve: 5–6; Fu: 5 me, 8 mi</p><p>abd. IV 2 2+ s 3 9 –10 Vel: 4; Vec: 2; Vei: 2 Vl: 4</p><p>abd. V (3+3) 6–7+s Ag: 3; chaetae L‘ and Vl present abd. VI (7+7) Ve: 14; An: 2 mi</p><p>Biology. The species was found in litter of two completely different types of coniferous forests. One of them represents unique dune-forest with complete dominance of sitka spruce (Fig. 15), the other one is typical woods for the lower altitude of Cascade Range and was composed of three main tree taxa: Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziessi, western red–cedar Thuja plicata and western hemlock Tsuga heterophylla . Bisexual form.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C0C87B7FFB3FFADDBECFF766CBBFEC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Smolis, Adrian;Deharveng, Louis	Smolis, Adrian, Deharveng, Louis (2015): Diversity of Paranura Axelson, 1902 (Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae) in Pacific Region of Russia and United States. Zootaxa 4033 (2): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4033.2.2
3C0C87B7FFB7FFA2DBECFADC6BD0F84B.text	3C0C87B7FFB7FFA2DBECFADC6BD0F84B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paranura oregonensis	<div><p>Paranura oregonensis sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 16–26, Tables 3–4</p><p>Etymology. Named after its terra typica, Oregon state.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body bluish grey. 3+3 eyes on head. Tubercles slightly developed on dorsal side of abdomen, reticulations absent. Head with chaetae O, A and E. Head with three ocular chaetae. Thorax I with 2 chaetae De. Thorax II–III with 3 chaetae Di. Thorax II–III with 3 and 4 ordinary chaetae De respectively. Abdomen V with 2+2 chaetae Di. Abdomen V slightly longer than VI. Abdomen without clavate chaetae. Furca rudimentary with microchaetae. Male ventral organ absent. Tibiotarsi with chaetae M.</p><p>Description. Habitus typical for Paranura Axelson, 1902 genus. Buccal cone slightly elongated. Body length (without antennae) 0.45–0.85 mm (holotype: 0.75 mm). Colour of body when alive and in alcohol bluish grey. Tubercles not developed except on two last abdominal segments (Figs 20, 22). Ordinary dorsal chaetae (Figs 20, 22, 25) differentiated into short, thin, acuminate microchaetae, medium size, smooth, acuminate mesochaetae and long, nearly smooth (with hardly visible denticles), relatively thick, acuminate macrochaetae Ml and Mc. No plurichaetosis on body.</p><p>Head. Antennae slightly shorter than head (fig. 20). S-chaetae of ant. IV relatively short and thick, S2 distinctly smaller than others (Fig. 21). Apical bulb bilobate (Fig. 21). Chaetotaxy of antennae as in Fig. 21 and Tab. 3. Buccal cone relatively long and rounded at apex (Fig. 17). Maxilla needle-like, mandible with four teeth (Fig. 19).</p><p>Chaetotaxy of labium as in Fig. 16, labial papillae x absent. Labrum chaetotaxy 4/2,4 (Fig. 18). Group Vi with 6+6 chaetae (Fig. 16). Groups Vea, Vem and Vep with 4, 3–4 and 4 chaetae respectively. Dorsal chaetotaxy of head as in Tab. 3. and Fig. 20. Chaetotaxy of central area on head complete, with 3 chaetae Oc and chaetae A, B, C, D, E, F, G, O (Fig. 20). Line of chaetae Di2–De2 crosses line Di1–De1 on head (cross-type, Deharveng 1983). 3+3 relatively large eyes, their diameter about three times as large as the diameter of chaeta Ocm socket (Fig. 20), pigmented in black.</p><p>Thorax, abdomen, legs. Dorsal chaetotaxy as in Figs 20, 22 and in Tab. 4. Ventral chaetotaxy as in Tab. 4. Schaetae long, slightly longer than nearby macrochaetae (Figs 20, 22, 24). S-chaetae formula of body: 022/11111, smicrochaeta on Dl of th. II present. Tubercles well developed on abd. V and VI. Tubercles Di of abd. V fused with 2+2 chaetae (Fig. 22). Furcal remnant with 6 microchaetae and 3–5 mesochaetae (Figs 23, 26). Male without ventral modified chaetae (“male ventral organ”). Claw without internal tooth. Chaeta M present on tibiotarsus. Chaetotaxy of legs as in Tab. 4.</p><p>Types. Holotype: female on slide, United States of America: Oregon, Blue River Ranger District of Willamette National Forest, neighborhood of H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, “Wolf Rock” site, old-growth forest of Tsuga heterophylla Zone (tree species: Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziessi, western red-cedar Thuja plicata), litter, 25.IX. 2006, leg. A. Smolis. Holotype deposited in DIBEC. Paratypes: 11 females and 3 juveniles on slides, same data as holotype. Two paratypes are housed in MNHN, other ones in DIBEC.</p><p>Remarks. See remarks of Paranura reducta sp. nov.</p><p>Biology. The species was found only in litter from upper elevation forest of Tsuga heterophylla Zone (Fig. 27). Despite intensive field investigations it was not collected at lower elevation forests (below 700 m) of the Zone. Considering sex of analyzed specimens it cannot be excluded that the species is parthenogenetic.</p><p>a) Cephalic chaetotaxy––dorsal side.</p><p>b) Chaetotaxy of antennae.</p><p>Terga Legs</p><p>Di De Dl L Scx2 Cx Tr Fe TT th. I 1 2 1 – 0 3 6 13 19 th. II 3 3+s 3+s+ms 3 2 7 6 12 19 th. III 3 4+s 3+ s 3 2 8 6 11 18</p><p>Sterna</p><p>abd. I 2 3+ s 2 3 VT: 4</p><p>abd. II 2 3+ s 2 3 Ve: 4–6; Vel present</p><p>abd. III 2 3+ s 2 4 Ve: 4–5; Fu: 3–5 me, 6 mi</p><p>abd. IV 2 1+ s 3 6 –8 Vel: 4; Vec: 2 Vei: 2; Vl: 4</p><p>abd. V (2+2) 5–6+s Ag: 3; chaetae L‘ and Vl present</p><p>abd. VI 7 Ve: 11–12; An: 2 mi</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C0C87B7FFB7FFA2DBECFADC6BD0F84B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Smolis, Adrian;Deharveng, Louis	Smolis, Adrian, Deharveng, Louis (2015): Diversity of Paranura Axelson, 1902 (Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae) in Pacific Region of Russia and United States. Zootaxa 4033 (2): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4033.2.2
3C0C87B7FFBBFFA6DBECFF386959FD2B.text	3C0C87B7FFBBFFA6DBECFF386959FD2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paranura reducta	<div><p>Paranura reducta sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 28–37, Tables 5–6</p><p>Etymology. The name of the species refers to the strong reduction of its labral chaetotaxy.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body white. 3+3 eyes on head. Tubercles and reticulations not developed. Head with chaetae O, A and E. Head with three ocular chaetae. Thorax I with 2 chaetae De. Thorax II–III with 3 chaetae Di. Thorax II–III with 3 and 4 ordinary chaetae De respectively. Abdomen V with 2+2 chaetae Di. Abdomen V slightly longer than VI. Abdomen without clavate chaetae. Furca rudimentary with microchaetae. Male ventral organ present. Tibiotarsi with chaetae M.</p><p>Description. Habitus typical for Paranura Axelson, 1902 genus. Buccal cone slightly elongated. Body length (without antennae) 0.8–1.7 mm (holotype: 1.05 mm). Colour of body when alive and in alcohol white. Tubercles not detected. Ordinary dorsal chaetae (Figs 28, 37) differentiated into short, thin, acuminate microchaetae, medium size, smooth, acuminate mesochaetae and long, nearly smooth (with denticles visible under large magnification, Fig. 37), relatively thick, acuminate macrochaetae Ml and Mc. No plurichaetosis on body.</p><p>Head. Antennae distinctly shorter than head (Fig. 28). S-chaetae of ant. IV relatively short and thick, S1 and S2 slightly thinner and smaller than others (Fig. 28). Apical bulb distinct and trilobed (Fig. 30). Chaetotaxy of antennae as in Fig. 31 and Tab. 5. Buccal cone relatively long and rounded at apex (Figs 29, 33). Maxilla needlelike, mandible tridentate. Chaetotaxy of labium as in Fig. 32, labial papillae x absent. Labrum chaetotaxy 0/2,2 (Fig. 29). Group Vi with 6+6 chaetae (Fig. 32). Groups Vea, Vem and Vep with 3–4, 4 and 4 chaetae respectively. Dorsal chaetotaxy of head as in Tab. 5. and Fig. 28. Dorsal chaetotaxy of central area on head complete, with 3 chaetae Oc and chaetae A, B, C, D, E, F, G, O. Line of chaetae Di2–De2 crosses line Di1–De1 on head (cross-type, Deharveng 1983). 3+3 relatively large eyes, their diameter about three times as large as the diameter of chaeta Ocm socket (Fig. 28), pigmented in black.</p><p>Thorax, abdomen, legs. Dorsal chaetotaxy as in Fig. 28 and in Tab. 6. Ventral chaetotaxy as in Tab. 6 and Figs 34, 35. S-chaetae long, nearly equal to nearby macrochaetae (Figs 28, 36). S-chaetae formula of body: 022/11111, s-microchaeta on Dl of th. II present. Furcal remnant with 4–6 mesochaetae and 6 minute microchaetae (without chaetopores and visible only under magnification 1000x, Fig. 34). Male with thick and forked chaetae in groups Ag (abd. V) and Ve (abd. VI) (“ventral male organ”). Claw without internal tooth. Chaeta M present on tibiotarsus, chaetae B4 and B5 short. Chaetotaxy of legs as in Tab. 6.</p><p>Types. Holotype: male on slide, United States of America: Oregon, Blue River Ranger District of Willamette National Forest, neighborhood of H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, 7 km North–East of Blue River town, c. 500–650 m above sea level, “Mona Creek” site, valley of Mona Creek, coniferous forest of Tsuga heterophylla Zone, ex decayed log, 26.IX.2006, leg. A. Smolis. Holotype deposited in DIBEC. Paratypes: 5 females, 2 males and juvenile on slides, same data as holotype. Three paratypes (2 females and male) are housed in MNHN, the others in DIBEC.</p><p>Other material. Female on slide (DIBEC), USA: Oregon, Blue River Ranger District of Willamette National Forest, neighborhood of H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, 6.5 km East of Blue River town, c. 520–550 m above sea level, “Cougar 1” site, old-growth forest of Tsuga heterophylla Zone, ex decayed log, 27.IX.2006, leg. A. Smolis; numerous specimens on slides and in alcohol, 18 km North of McKenzie Bridge town, c. 1450 m above sea level, “Wild cat” site, old-growth forest of Abies amabilis Zone, ex decayed logs, 4.X.2006, 9.VI. 2009, leg. A. Smolis.</p><p>Remarks. The new species is most similar to Paranura mjohjangensis Deharveng &amp; Weiner, 1984 (from North Korea) and P. oregonensis sp. nov., resembling them in having the complete chaetotaxy of central area of head and the same number of eyes, ocular chaetae and chaetae Di on abdomen V. Among these species, Paranura reducta sp. nov. is most diagnostically recognized by labral chaetotaxy, with only 4 chaetae (0/2,2; in mjohjangensis, 4/5,4; in P. oregonensis sp. nov. 4/2, 4). Other characters, in combination, that allow to distinguish P. re d uc t a sp. nov. from these species are: the number of labial lateral chaetae (in P. reducta sp. nov. and P. oregonensis sp. nov. 3 chaetae, in mjohjangensis 4 Fig. 59), number of ordinary chaetae De on abdomen IV (in P. reducta sp. nov. and mjohjangensis 2 chaetae, in P. oregonensis sp. nov. 1 chaeta), microchaetae on furcal remnant (in P. reducta sp. nov. and P. oregonensis sp. nov. present, in mjohjangensis absent). Considering the last character should be mentioned that microchaetae in P. reduct a sp. nov. are very minute and can be overlooked (Figs 34, 35).</p><p>a) Cephalic chaetotaxy––dorsal side.</p><p>b) Chaetotaxy of antennae.</p><p>Terga Legs</p><p>Di De Dl L Scx2 Cx Tr Fe TT th. I 1 2 1 – 0 3 6 13 19 th. II 3 3+s 3+s+ms 3 2 7 6 12 19 th. III 3 4+s 3+ s 3 2 8 6 11 18</p><p>Sterna</p><p>abd. I 2 3+ s 2 3 VT: 4</p><p>abd. II 2 3+ s 2 3 Ve: 5; Vel present</p><p>abd. III 2 3+ s 2 4 Ve: 4–5; Fu: 4–6 me, 6 mi</p><p>abd. IV 2 2+ s 3 7 –10 Vel: 4; Vec: 2; Vei: 2; Vl: 4</p><p>abd. V 2 5–6+s Ag: 3; chaetae L‘ and Vl present abd. VI 7 Ve: 12–14; An: 2 mi</p><p>Several characters: the presence of 3+3 eyes, the complete chaetotaxy of central head area, labral chaetotaxy 0/ 2,2, tubercle De of th. III with 5 chaetae and tubercle Di of abdomen with 2+2 chaetae, and rather unusual habitat of the new species (dead coniferous logs) are suggestive of close relationships with P. sitchensis Fjellberg, 1985 (described from Alaska and known also from Vancouver Island, Fjellberg 1985). However, both species are readily distinguished by the following features: the clavate chaetae on two last abdominal segments (absent in P. re du c t a sp. nov., present in sitchensis), colour of the body (white in P. reducta sp. nov., bluish-gray in sitchensis), the length of tibiotarsal chaetae B4 and B5 (short in P. reducta sp. nov., long in sitchensis) and number of lateral labial chaetae (three in P. reducta sp. nov., four in sitchensis). Considering the differences between both species it should be mentioned that there are only two described species of Paranura with clavate chaetae on abdominal segments V and VI, the mentioned P. sitchensis and P. clavisetis (Axelson, 1902) described from Finland (Europe) and later considered by different authors as a junior synonym of P. sexpunctata .</p><p>Biology. The species is resident in lower and upper montane (from 500 to 1400 m) conifer forests of both Tsuga heterophylla (Fig. 38) and Abies amabilis Zones (Franklin &amp; Dyreness, 1988) . It can be treated as a truly saproxylic species (according to Speight’s definition, Speight 1989) as it was found only in coarse woody debris of coniferous tree species: Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziessi, western hemlock Tsuga heterophylla and noble fir Abies amabilis . Despite intensive field investigations it was not collected from dead wood of deciduous trees and litter/soil samples.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C0C87B7FFBBFFA6DBECFF386959FD2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Smolis, Adrian;Deharveng, Louis	Smolis, Adrian, Deharveng, Louis (2015): Diversity of Paranura Axelson, 1902 (Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae) in Pacific Region of Russia and United States. Zootaxa 4033 (2): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4033.2.2
3C0C87B7FFBCFFBBDBECF8EC6A3AF93B.text	3C0C87B7FFBCFFBBDBECF8EC6A3AF93B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paranura cassagnaui	<div><p>Paranura cassagnaui sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 39–47, Tables 7–8</p><p>Etymology. The new species is dedicated to the excellent French collembologist Paul Cassagnau who established the genus Paranura and the tribe Paranurini .</p><p>a) Cephalic chaetotaxy––dorsal side.</p><p>b) Chaetotaxy of antennae.</p><p>Terga Legs</p><p>Di De Dl L Scx2 Cx Tr Fe TT th. I 1 2 1 – 0 3 6 13 19 th. II 3 3+s 3+s+ms 3 2 7 6 12 19 th. III 3 4+s 3+ s 3 2 8 6 11 18</p><p>Sterna</p><p>abd. I 2 3+ s 2 3 VT: 4</p><p>abd. II 2 3+ s 2 3 Ve: 5; Vel present</p><p>abd. III 2 3+ s 2 4 Ve: 5; Fu: 4–5 me, 8 mi</p><p>abd. IV 2 2+ s 3 7 –8 Vel: 4; Vec: 2; Vei: 2; Vl: 4</p><p>abd. V (3+3) 7+s Ag: 3; chaetae L‘ and Vl present abd. VI 7 Ve: 12–13; An: 2 mi</p><p>Diagnosis. Body white. 2+2 eyes on head. Tubercles developed on dorsal side of abdomen, reticulations absent. Head with chaetae O, A and E. Head with three ocular chaetae. Thorax I with 2 chaetae De. Thorax II–III with 3 chaetae Di. Thorax II–III with 3 and 4 ordinary chaetae De respectively. Abdomen V with 3+3 chaetae Di. Abdomen V slightly longer than VI. Abdomen without clavate chaetae. Furca rudimentary with microchaetae. Male ventral organ absent. Tibiotarsi with chaetae M.</p><p>Description. Habitus typical for Paranura Axelson, 1902 genus. Buccal cone elongated. Body length (without antennae) 0.55 (juvenile)–1.4 mm (holotype: 1.15 mm). Colour of body when alive and in alcohol white. Development of tubercles as in Fig. 39. Ordinary dorsal chaetae (Figs 39, 44) differentiated into short, thin, acuminate microchaetae, medium size, smooth, acuminate mesochaetae and long, nearly smooth (with small denticles visible under large magnification, Fig. 44), relatively thick, rounded or arc-like at apex macrochaetae Ml and Mc. No plurichaetosis on body.</p><p>Head. Antennae slightly shorter than head (Fig. 39). S-chaetae of ant. IV relatively long and thin, S1 and S2 thinner than others, and S1distinctly longer (Fig. 42). Apical bulb trilobed (41). Chaetotaxy of antennae as in Fig. 42 and Tab. 7. Buccal cone relatively long and rounded at apex (Fig. 40). Maxilla needle-like, mandible simple with three teeth. Chaetotaxy of labium as in Fig. 43, labial papillae x absent. Labrum chaetotaxy 4/2,4 (Fig. 40). Group Vi with 6+6 chaetae (Fig. 43). Groups Vea, Vem and Vep with 4, 3 and 4 chaetae respectively. Dorsal chaetotaxy of head as in Tab. 7. and Fig. 39. Dorsal chaetotaxy of central area on head complete, with 3 chaetae Oc and chaetae A, B, C, D, E, F, G, O. Line of chaetae Di2–De2 crosses line Di1–De1 on head (cross-type, Deharveng 1983). 2+2 relatively large black eyes with diameter about three times as large as the diameter of chaeta Ocm socket (Fig. 39).</p><p>Thorax, abdomen, legs. Dorsal chaetotaxy as in Fig. 39 and in Tab. 8. Ventral chaetotaxy as in Tab. 8 and Figs 46, 47. S-chaetae long, equal to nearby macrochaetae (Figs 39, 45). S-chaetae formula of body: 022/11111, smicrochaeta on Dl of th. II present. Furcal remnant with 4–5 mesochaetae and 8 microchaetae (Fig. 47). Male without ventral modified chaetae (“male ventral organ”). Claw without internal tooth. Chaeta M present on tibiotarsus, chaetae B4 and B5 short. Chaetotaxy of legs as in Tab. 8.</p><p>Types. Holotype: female on slide, United States of America: Oregon, Blue River Ranger District of Willamette National Forest, neighborhood of H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, “Wolf Rock” site, old-growth forest of Tsuga heterophylla Zone (tree species: Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziessi, western red-cedar Thuja plicata), litter, 27.IX. 2006, leg. A. Smolis. Holotype deposited in DIBEC. Paratypes: female, male and 4 juveniles on slides, same data as holotype. Two paratypes (female and juv.) are housed in MNHN, the others in DIBEC.</p><p>Other material. 3 females and 4 juveniles on slides (DIBEC), USA: Oregon, Blue River Ranger District of Willamette National Forest, neighborhood of H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, 6.5 km East of Blue River town, c. 520–550 m above sea level, “Cougar 1” site, old-growth forest of Tsuga heterophylla Zone, litter, 27.IX– 3.X.2006, leg. A. Smolis.</p><p>Remarks. The following morphological characters: white body, 2+2 eyes, complete chaetotaxy of central area of head, tubercle De of th. III with 5 chaetae and tubercle Di of abdomen V with 3+3 chaetae place the new species near P. modesta Deharveng, 1989, described from Northern Thailand (Deharveng 1989). Paranura cassagnaui sp. nov. differs from it in the presence of microchaetae on furcal remnant (in modesta absent), the absence of male ventral organ (in modesta present), the presence of chaeta Ve1 on abd. II (in modesta absent) and the fusion of tubercles Di on abd. V (in modesta separate). In general appearance (especially chaetotaxy of body) the new species seems to be very similar to Alaskan specimens of Paranura recorded by Fjellberg (1985) as P. quadrilobata Hammer, 1953 .</p><p>Biology. The new species is resident in montane (from 700–1400 m) conifer old-growth forest (Fig. 27) of the Tsuga heterophylla Zone (Franklin &amp; Dyreness 1988) . It inhabits only thick litter and it was not found in soil/dead wood samples. Bisexual species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C0C87B7FFBCFFBBDBECF8EC6A3AF93B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Smolis, Adrian;Deharveng, Louis	Smolis, Adrian, Deharveng, Louis (2015): Diversity of Paranura Axelson, 1902 (Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae) in Pacific Region of Russia and United States. Zootaxa 4033 (2): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4033.2.2
3C0C87B7FFA1FFB8DBECF89B6A48F8AB.text	3C0C87B7FFA1FFB8DBECF89B6A48F8AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paranura microchaetosa	<div><p>Paranura microchaetosa sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 48–55, Tables 9–10</p><p>Etymology. The name of the species refers to the presence of distinct microchaetae on furcal remnant.</p><p>a) Cephalic chaetotaxy––dorsal side.</p><p>b) Chaetotaxy of antennae.</p><p>Terga Legs</p><p>Di De Dl L Scx2 Cx Tr Fe TT th. I 1 2 1 – 0 3 6 12 18 th. II 3 3+s 3+s+ms 3 2 7 6 11 18 th. III 3 4+s 3+ s 3 2 7 –8 6 10 17</p><p>Sterna</p><p>abd. I 2 3+ s 2 3 VT: 4</p><p>abd. II 2 3+ s 2 3 Ve: 4; Vel present</p><p>abd. III 2 3+ s 2 4 Ve: 4; Fu: 3–5 me, 6 mi</p><p>abd. IV 2 1+ s 3 7 –8 Vel: 4; Vec: 2 Vei: 1–2; Vl: 4</p><p>abd. V (2+2) 6+s Ag: 3; chaetae L‘ and Vl present</p><p>abd. VI 5–6 Ve: 10–11; An: 1 mi</p><p>Diagnosis. Body white. 2+2 eyes on head. Tubercles developed on dorsal side of abdomen, reticulations absent, reticulations absent. Head with chaetae O, A and E. Head with three ocular chaetae. Thorax I with 2 chaetae De. Thorax II–III with 3 chaetae Di. Thorax II–III with 3 and 4 ordinary chaetae De respectively. Abdomen V with 2+2 chaetae Di. Abdomen V slightly longer than VI. Abdomen without clavate chaetae. Furca rudimentary with microchaetae. Male ventral organ absent. Tibiotarsi without chaetae M.</p><p>Description. Habitus typical for Paranura Axelson, 1902 genus. Buccal cone elongate. Body length (without antennae) 0.35–0.9 mm (holotype: 0.48 mm). Colour of body when alive and in alcohol white. Tubercles developed on last abdominal segments (Figs 50, 52). Ordinary dorsal chaetae (Figs 50, 52, 55) differentiated into short, thin, acuminate microchaetae, medium size, smooth, acuminate mesochaetae and long, nearly smooth (with small denticles visible under magnification 1000x, Fig. 55), relatively thick, acuminate macrochaetae Ml and Mc. No plurichaetosis on body.</p><p>Head. Antennae slightly shorter than head (Fig. 50). S-chaetae of ant. IV relatively short and thick, S1 and S2 distinctly thinner than others (Fig. 49). Apical bulb unilobed. Chaetotaxy of antennae as in Fig. 49 and Tab. 9. Buccal cone relatively short and rounded at apex. Maxilla needle-like, mandible tridentate. Chaetotaxy of labium as in Fig. 48, with 2 lateral chaetae and without labial papillae x. Labrum chaetotaxy 4/2,4,4 (Fig. 51). Group Vi with 6+6 chaetae (Fig. 48). Groups Vea, Vem and Vep with 3, 4 and 4 chaetae respectively. Dorsal chaetotaxy of head as in Tab. 9 and Fig. 50. Dorsal chaetotaxy of central area on head complete, with 3 chaetae Oc and chaetae A, B, C, D, E, F, G, O. Line of chaetae Di2–De2 crosses line Di1–De1 on head (cross-type, Deharveng 1983). 2+2 relatively small black eyes with diameter two times as large as the diameter of chaeta Ocm socket (Fig. 50).</p><p>Thorax, abdomen, legs. Dorsal chaetotaxy as in Figs 50, 52 and in Tab. 10. Ventral chaetotaxy as in Tab. 10 and Figs 53, 54. S-chaetae long, slightly longer than nearby macrochaetae (Figs 50, 56). S-chaetae formula of body: 022/11111, s-microchaeta on Dl of th. II present. Tubrcles Di on abd. IV sometimes fused (Fig. 52). Furcal remnant with 3–5 mesochaetae and 6 microchaetae (Figs 53, 54). Male without ventral modified chaetae (“male ventral organ”). Microchaetae on abd. VI located along midline (Fig. 53). Claw without internal tooth. Chaeta M absent on tibiotarsus, chaetae B4 and B5 short. Chaetotaxy of legs as in Tab. 10.</p><p>Types. Holotype: female on slide, United States of America, Oregon, Blue River Ranger District of Willamette National Forest, neighborhood of H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, 6.5 km East of Blue River town, c. 520–550 m above sea level, “Cougar 1” site, old-growth forest of Tsuga heterophylla Zone, litter, 27.IX.2006, leg. A. Smolis. Holotype housed in DIBEC. Paratypes: 7 females, 11 males and 12 juveniles on slides, same data as holotype. Four paratypes (female, 2 males and juv.) preserved in MNHN, the others in DIBEC.</p><p>Other material. Female and male on slides (DIBEC), USA: Oregon, Coast Range, 18 km North of Florence Town, old-growth forest of Picea sitchensis zone around the Giant Spruce tree, litter, 10.VI.2009, leg. A. Smolis.</p><p>Remarks. The species is superficially most similar to Paranura kedrovayensis sp. nov. They differ in a number of details, including the chaetotaxy of abd. IV (in P. microchaetosa sp. nov. only 1 ordinary chaeta De, in P. kedrovayensis sp. nov. 2 chaetae De), of trochanters (in P. microchaetosa sp. nov. with 6 chaetae, in P. kedrovayensis sp. nov. with 5 chaetae) and of labium (in P. microchaetosa sp. nov. 8+8 chaetae, in P. kedrovayensis sp. nov. 10+10 chaetae). Another discriminant character is the presence of microchaetae on furcal remnant in P. microchaetosa sp. nov. (absent in P. kedrovayensis sp. nov.).</p><p>Among formerly described species of the genus known from North America, P. microchaetosa sp. nov. is most similar to P. quadrilobata Hammer, 1953, resembling that species in having the same number of eyes, ocular chaetae and chaetae Di in V abdomen. The mentioned species was described from Canada (Hammer 1953) and lately partially revised and discussed by Fjellberg (1985) in his monograph of Arctic Collembola . Based on the original description and Fjellberg’s revision it can be stated that the main differences between these species include the shape of antennal apical bulb (in P. microchaetosa sp. nov. unilobed, in quadrilobata trilobed), the number of chaetae De on thorax III (in P. microchaetosa sp. nov. 4+s, in quadrilobata 3+s) and the number of chaetae De on abdomen IV (in P. microchaetosa sp. nov. 1+s, in quadrilobata 2+s).</p><p>Biology. The new species is resident in conifer old-growth forest of both Tsuga heterophylla (Fig. 57) and Picea sitchensis Zones (Franklin &amp; Dyreness 1988) . It inhabits thick litter, and despite intensive research not found in soil/dead wood samples. Bisexual form.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C0C87B7FFA1FFB8DBECF89B6A48F8AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Smolis, Adrian;Deharveng, Louis	Smolis, Adrian, Deharveng, Louis (2015): Diversity of Paranura Axelson, 1902 (Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae) in Pacific Region of Russia and United States. Zootaxa 4033 (2): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4033.2.2
3C0C87B7FFA5FFBCDBECFB4A6B63FE7F.text	3C0C87B7FFA5FFBCDBECFB4A6B63FE7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paranura kedrovayensis	<div><p>Paranura kedrovayensis sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 58, 60–64, 66–69, Tables 11–12</p><p>Etymology. The name of the species is derived from its terra typica Kedrovaya Pad, a biologically major nature reserve in the region which hosts some of the most emblematic mammals of eastern Palearctic.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body white. 2+2 eyes on head. Tubercles and reticulations not developed. Head with chaetae O, A, chaetae E sometimes absent. Head with three ocular chaetae. Thorax I with 2 chaetae De. Thorax II–III with 3 chaetae Di. Thorax II–III with 3 and 4 ordinary chaetae De respectively. Abdomen V with 2+2 chaetae Di. Abdomen V slightly longer than VI. Abdomen without clavate chaetae. Furca rudimentary without microchaetae. Male ventral organ absent. Tibiotarsi without chaetae M.</p><p>Description. Habitus typical for Paranura Axelson, 1902 genus. Buccal cone elongate. Body length (without antennae) 0.68–1.05 mm (holotype: 0.72 mm). Colour of body when alive and in alcohol white. Tubercles and reticulations not developed. Ordinary dorsal chaetae (Figs 60, 68) differentiated into short, thin, acuminate microchaetae, medium size, smooth, acuminate mesochaetae and long, nearly smooth (with small denticles visible under large magnification, Fig. 68), relatively thick, arc-like at apex macrochaetae Ml and Mc. No plurichaetosis on body.</p><p>Head. Antennae slightly shorter than head (Fig. 60). S-chaetae of ant. IV relatively long and thin, S1 and S2 slightly thinner than others (Fig. 64). Apical bulb trilobed (Figs 62, 63). Chaetotaxy of antennae as in Fig. 64 and Tab. 11. Buccal cone relatively long and rounded at apex. Maxilla needle-like, mandible simple with three teeth. Chaetotaxy of labium as in Fig. 58, labial papillae x absent. Labrum chaetotaxy 4/2,4,4 (Fig. 61). Group Vi with 6+6 chaetae (Fig. 58). Groups Vea, Vem and Vep with 4, 3 and 4 chaetae respectively. Dorsal chaetotaxy of head as in Tab. 11. and Fig. 60. Dorsal chaetotaxy of central area on head complete, with 3 chaetae Oc and chaetae A, B, C, D, E (absent on one side in one specimen), F, G, O. Line of chaetae Di2–De2 crosses line Di1–De1 on head (crosstype, Deharveng 1983). 2+2 relatively small black eyes with diameter two times as large as the diameter of chaeta Ocm socket (Fig. 60).</p><p>Thorax, abdomen, legs. Dorsal chaetotaxy as in Fig. 60 and in Tab. 12. Ventral chaetotaxy as in Tab. 12 and Fig. 67. S-chaetae long, slightly longer or equal to nearby macrochaetae (Figs 60, 69). S-chaetae formula of body: 022/11111, s-microchaeta on Dl of th. II present. Furcal remnant with 3–4 mesochaetae and without microchaetae (Fig. 67). Male without ventral modified chaetae (“male ventral organ”). Claw without internal tooth. Chaeta M absent on tibiotarsus, chaetae B4 and B5 short. Chaetotaxy of legs as in Tab. 12 and Fig. 66.</p><p>Types. Holotype male subadult and 2 paratypes (1 female, 1 juvenile) on slides, Russia: Primorye: Khasansky: Reserve Kedrovaya Pad: core area, forest with Pinus koreensis &amp; Abies sp., litter and moss on soil, Berlese, 29.IX.2004, leg. L. Deharveng &amp; A. Bedos, X=131.533219°, Y=43.110513°, altitude about 70 m (RU-134). Holotype deposited in MNHN, paratypes in DIBEC and MSPU.</p><p>Remarks. Among described Asiatic forms Paranura kedrovayensis sp. nov. is similar to P. mjohjangensis Deharveng &amp; Weiner, 1984 (from North Korea) but they clearly differ in the number of eyes (in P. kedrovayensis sp. nov. 2+2, in mjohjangensis 3+3), number of labial lateral chaetae (in P. kedrovayensis sp. nov. 3, in mjohjangensis 4 Fig. 59) and number of trochanteral chaetae (in P. kedrovayensis sp. nov. 5, in mjohjangensis 6 Fig. 65). See also in remarks of P. microchaetosa sp. nov.</p><p>Biology. The new species is resident in montane coniferous forests. Bisexual species.</p><p>a) Cephalic chaetotaxy––dorsal side.</p><p>b) Chaetotaxy of antennae.</p><p>Sterna</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C0C87B7FFA5FFBCDBECFB4A6B63FE7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Smolis, Adrian;Deharveng, Louis	Smolis, Adrian, Deharveng, Louis (2015): Diversity of Paranura Axelson, 1902 (Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae) in Pacific Region of Russia and United States. Zootaxa 4033 (2): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4033.2.2
3C0C87B7FFA6FFB1DBECFCAE68D3FE53.text	3C0C87B7FFA6FFB1DBECFCAE68D3FE53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paranura setosa	<div><p>Paranura setosa sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 70–75, Tables 13–14</p><p>Etymology. The species name referring to additional cephalic chaetae.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body white. 3+3 eyes on head. Tubercles and reticulations not developed. Head with chaetae O, A and E. Head with three ocular chaetae. Thorax I with 2 chaetae De. Thorax II–III with 3 chaetae Di. Thorax II–III with 3 and 4 ordinary chaetae De respectively. Abdomen V with 2+2 chaetae Di. Abdomen V slightly longer than VI. Abdomen without clavate chaetae. Furca rudimentary without microchaetae. Male ventral organ absent. Tibiotarsi with chaetae M.</p><p>Description. Habitus typical for Paranura Axelson, 1902 genus. Buccal cone elongate. Body length (without antennae) 0.63–1.05 mm (holotype: 0.63 mm). Colour of body when alive and in alcohol white. Tubercles not developed. Ordinary dorsal chaetae (Figs 70, 72) differentiated into short, thin, acuminate microchaetae, medium size, smooth, acuminate mesochaetae and long, nearly smooth (with small denticles visible under large magnification), relatively thick, arc-like at apex macrochaetae Ml and Mc. No plurichaetosis on body.</p><p>Head. Antennae long, only slightly shorter than head (Fig. 72). S-chaetae of ant. IV relatively short and thin, S1 and S2 slightly thinner than others (Fig. 73). Apical bulb distinct and trilobed. Chaetotaxy of antennae as in Fig. 73 and Tab. 13. Buccal cone relatively long and rounded at apex, ventral sclerifications as in Fig. 71. Maxilla needle-like, mandible simple with three teeth. Chaetotaxy of labium as in Fig. 71, labial papillae x absent. Labrum chaetotaxy 4/3,4 (Fig. 74). Group Vi with 6+6 chaetae (Fig. 71). Groups Vea, Vem and Vep with 4, 3 and 4 chaetae respectively. Dorsal chaetotaxy of head as in Tab. 13. and Figs 70,72. Dorsal chaetotaxy of central area with one or two additional chaetae (Fig. 70). Line of chaetae Di2–De2 crosses line Di1–De1 on head (cross-type, Deharveng 1983). 3+3 relatively large black eyes, their diameter about three times as large as the diameter of chaeta Ocm socket (Fig. 72).</p><p>Thorax, abdomen, legs. Dorsal chaetotaxy as in Fig. 72 and in Tab. 14. Ventral chaetotaxy as in Tab. 14 and Fig. 75. S-chaetae long, slightly longer than nearby macrochaetae (Fig. 72). S-chaetae formula of body: 022/11111, s-microchaeta on Dl of th. II present. Furcal remnant with 4–5 mesochaetae and without microchaetae (Fig. 75). Male without ventral modified chaetae (“male ventral organ”). Claw without internal tooth. Chaeta M present on tibiotarsus, chaetae B4 and B5 short. Chaetotaxy of legs as in Tab. 14.</p><p>Types. Holotype (female) and 2 paratypes (1 female subadult, 1 juvenile) on slides, Russia: Primorye, Khualaza, forest litter and decaying wood, Berlese extraction, 19.IX. 2004, leg. L. Deharveng &amp; A. Bedos, X=132.783957°, Y=43.108999°, altitude about 1000 m (RU-029); 1 paratype female on slide, Primorye, Khualaza: at the 2nd pass, 750 m above sea level, forest, litter, Berlese, 19.IX.2004, leg. L. Deharveng &amp; A. Bedos, X=132.787742° Y=43.117823°, altitude about 750 m (RU-032). Holotype and 2 paratypes (RU-029) deposited in MNHN, paratype (RU-032) housed in MSPU.</p><p>a) Cephalic chaetotaxy––dorsal side.</p><p>b) Chaetotaxy of antennae.</p><p>Terga Legs</p><p>Di De Dl L Scx2 Cx Tr Fe TT th. I 1 2 1 – 0 3 6 13 19 th. II 3 3+s 3+s+ms 3 2 7 6 12 19 th. III 3 4+s 3+ s 3 2 8 6 11 18</p><p>Sterna</p><p>abd. I 2 3+ s 2 3 VT: 4</p><p>abd. II 2 3+ s 2 3 Ve: 5; Vel present</p><p>abd. III 2 3+ s 2 4 Ve: 5; Fu: 4–6me, 0 mi</p><p>abd. IV 2 2+ s 3 8 Vel: 4; Vec: 2; Vei: 2; Vl: 4</p><p>abd. V (2+2) 6+s Ag: 3; chaetae L‘ and Vl present abd. VI 7 Ve: 12–13; An: 2 mi</p><p>Remarks. Paranura setosa sp. nov. can be easily identified by one or two additional chaetae on central area of head, a character unique within the genus. Several characters, such as the number of eyes and ocular chaetae, and chaetotaxy of abdomen, are suggestive of a relationship with P. k or y o i Deharveng &amp; Weiner, 1984, described from North Korea. Additionally, Paranura setosa sp. nov. differs in having abdomen II with chaetae Ve1 (in koryoi absent), trochanters I–III with 6 chaetae (in koryoi 5 chaetae) and tibiotarsi with chaeta M (in koryoi absent).</p><p>Biology. The new species is resident in montane forest where it inhabits litter and decaying wood. Bisexual species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C0C87B7FFA6FFB1DBECFCAE68D3FE53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Smolis, Adrian;Deharveng, Louis	Smolis, Adrian, Deharveng, Louis (2015): Diversity of Paranura Axelson, 1902 (Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae) in Pacific Region of Russia and United States. Zootaxa 4033 (2): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4033.2.2
3C0C87B7FFABFFB6DBECFE7E6CC8FE76.text	3C0C87B7FFABFFB6DBECFE7E6CC8FE76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paranura conjuncta	<div><p>Paranura conjuncta sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 76–82, Tables 15–16</p><p>Etymology. The species name conjuncta is in reference to the fusion of tubercles Di on abd. V.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body bluish grey. 3+3 eyes on head. Tubercles present on dorsal side of body, reticulations absent. Head with chaetae O, A and E. Head with three ocular chaetae. Thorax I with 2 chaetae De. Thorax II–III with 3 chaetae Di. Thorax II–III with 3 and 4 ordinary chaetae De respectively. Abdomen V with 3+3 chaetae Di. Abdomen V slightly longer than VI. Abdomen without clavate chaetae. Furca rudimentary without microchaetae. Male ventral organ absent. Tibiotarsi with chaetae M.</p><p>Description. Habitus typical for Paranura Axelson, 1902 genus. Buccal cone elongate. Body length (without antennae) 0.68–1.05 mm (holotype: 0.72 mm). Colour of body when alive and in alcohol bluish grey. Tubercles not developed except on head and three last abdominal segments (Figs 76, 77, 81). Ordinary dorsal chaetae (Figs 77, 81) differentiated into short, thin, acuminate microchaetae, medium size, smooth, acuminate mesochaetae and long, smooth, relatively thick, narrowly sheathed and rounded apically macrochaetae Ml and Mc. No plurichaetosis on body.</p><p>Head. Antennae slightly shorter than head (Fig. 76). S-chaetae of ant. IV relatively long and thin, S1, S2 and S6 slightly thinner and shorter than others (Fig. 78). Apical bulb trilobed. Chaetotaxy of antennae as in Fig. 78 and Tab. 15. Buccal cone relatively long and rounded at apex, ventral sclerifications as in Fig. 80. Maxilla needle-like, mandible simple with three teeth. Chaetotaxy of labium as in Fig. 79, labial papillae x absent. Labrum chaetotaxy 4/2,5,4 (Fig. 80). Group Vi with 6+6 chaetae. Groups Vea, Vem and Vep with 4, 3 and 4 chaetae respectively. Dorsal chaetotaxy of head as in Tab. 15. and Figs 76, 81. Dorsal chaetotaxy of central area on head complete, with 3 chaetae Oc and chaetae A, B, C, D, E, F, G, O. Line of chaetae Di2–De2 crosses line Di1–De1 on head (crosstype, Deharveng 1983). 3+3 relatively large black eyes, their diameter about three times as large as the diameter of chaeta Ocm socket (Fig. 76).</p><p>Thorax, abdomen, legs. Dorsal chaetotaxy as in Figs 76, 77 and in Tab. 16. Ventral chaetotaxy as in Tab. 16. Schaetae long, equal to nearby macrochaetae (Figs 76, 77). S-chaetae formula of body: 022/11111, s-microchaeta on Dl of th. II present. Furcal remnant with 4 mesochaetae and without microchaetae. Male without ventral modified chaetae (“male ventral organ”). Claw without internal tooth. Chaeta M present on tibiotarsus, chaetae B4 and B5 relatively short. Chaetotaxy of legs as in Tab. 16.</p><p>Types. Holotype: female on slide, Russia: Primorye, Pedan, crest, soil under shrubs of Microbiota decussata (Fig. 82), Berlese extraction, 21.IX.2004, leg. L. Deharveng &amp; A. Bedos, X=132.698463°, Y=43.078185°, altitude 992 m above sea level (RU-052).</p><p>1 paratype male, same data as holotype (RU-056); 1 paratype female on slide, Primorye, Khualaza: at the 2nd pass, forest litter, Berlese extraction, 19.IX.2004, leg. L. Deharveng &amp; A. Bedos, X=132.787742°, Y=43.117823°, altitude 750 m (RU-032).</p><p>2 paratypes (1female, 1 juvenile), Primorye, Ekaterinovka, Chandalaz limestone range, Chandalaz Range crest, forest litter, Berlese extraction, 26.IX.2004, leg. L. Deharveng &amp; A. Bedos, X=133.021815°, Y=43.025770°, altitude about 500 m (RU-101).</p><p>1 paratype male, Primorye, Barabash, near a quarrying, forest litter, Berlese extraction, 27.IX.2004, leg. L. Deharveng &amp; A. Bedos, X=131.470756°, Y=43.172987°, altitude about 50 m (RU-106); 1 paratype juvenile, Primorye, Khasansky, Reserve Kedrovaya Pad, core area, forest with Pinus koreensis &amp; Abies sp., litter and rotten wood, Berlese extraction, 29.IX.2004, leg. L. Deharveng &amp; A. Bedos, X=131.533219°, Y=43.110513°, altitude about 70 m (RU-135). Holotype and 3 paratypes (RU-032, RU-106, RU-135) deposited in MNHN, others (RU-056 and RU-101) deposited in DIBEC and MSPU respectively.</p><p>a) Cephalic chaetotaxy––dorsal side.</p><p>b) Chaetotaxy of antennae.</p><p>Terga Legs</p><p>Di De Dl L Scx2 Cx Tr Fe TT th. I 1 2 1 – 0 3 6 13 19 th. II 3 3+s 3+s+ms 3 2 7 6 12 19 th. III 3 4+s 3+ s 3 2 8 6 11 18</p><p>Sterna</p><p>abd. I 2 3+ s 2 3 VT: 4</p><p>abd. II 2 3+ s 2 3 Ve: 5; Vel present</p><p>abd. III 2 3+ s 2 4 Ve: 5; Fu: 4 me, 0 mi</p><p>abd. IV 2 2+ s 3 8 Vel: 4; Vec: 2 Vei: 2; Vl: 4</p><p>abd. V (3+3) 6–7+s Ag: 3; chaetae L‘ and Vl present abd. VI 7 Ve: 14; An: 2 mi</p><p>Other material. 1 juvenile, Russia: Primorye, Ekaterinovka, Chandalaz range, 26.IX.2004, bush, Berlese, 26.IX.2004, leg. L. Deharveng &amp; A. Bedos (RU-094, MNHN).</p><p>Remarks. Paranura conjuncta sp. nov. is similar to P. najtae Deharveng &amp; Weiner, 1984 (described from North Korea). The only differences that we detected between them are the arrangement of tubercles Di on abdomen V (in P. conjuncta sp. nov. fused, in najtae separate), the number of chaetae on trochanters (in P. conjuncta sp. nov. 6 chaetae, in najtae 5) and microchaetae on furcal remnant (in P. conjuncta sp. nov. absent, in najtae present). Additionally P. conjuncta sp. nov. has visible tubercles on central area of head (Fig. 81), not developed in najtae . Biology. The new species is resident in montane coniferous and mixed forest. Bisexual species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C0C87B7FFABFFB6DBECFE7E6CC8FE76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Smolis, Adrian;Deharveng, Louis	Smolis, Adrian, Deharveng, Louis (2015): Diversity of Paranura Axelson, 1902 (Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae) in Pacific Region of Russia and United States. Zootaxa 4033 (2): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4033.2.2
3C0C87B7FFACFFB6DBECF9AE6C0CF836.text	3C0C87B7FFACFFB6DBECF9AE6C0CF836.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paranura mjohjangensis Deharveng & Weiner 1984	<div><p>Paranura mjohjangensis Deharveng &amp; Weiner, 1984</p><p>Figs 59, 65</p><p>New localities. 1 ex. on slide, Russia: Primorye, Khualaza, crest below the steep part, 19.IX.2004, forest litter, Berlese extraction, leg. L. Deharveng &amp; A. Bedos X=132.783957, Y=43.108999, altitude 1000 m, (RU-026); 6 ex. on slides, ibid, Khualaza, area more flat, 19.IX.2004, forest litter &amp; rotten wood, Berlese extraction, leg. L. Deharveng &amp; A. Bedos, X=132.783957, Y=43.108999, altitude 1000 m, (RU-029); 3 ex. on slides, ibid: Khualaza, at the 2nd pass, 19.IX.2004, forest, litter, Berlese extraction, leg. L. Deharveng &amp; A. Bedos, X = 132.787742, Y=43.117823, altitude 750 m, (RU-032); 3 ex. on slides, ibid: Pedan, rhododendron below boulder, 21.IX.2014, forest, soil, humus, Berlese extraction, leg. L. Deharveng &amp; A. Bedos, X=132.716369, Y=43.100119, altitude 450 m. (RU-072); 1 ex. on slide, ibid: Nakhodka: near grotte 4, 25.IX.2004, bush, soil, Berlese extraction, leg. L. Deharveng &amp; A. Bedos, X=133.072796, Y=42.947045, altitude 40 m, (RU-090); 3 ex. on slides, ibid: Ekaterinovka, Chandalaz range, Chandalaz Range crest, 26.IX.2004, forest, litter, Berlese extraction, leg. L. Deharveng &amp; A. Bedos, X=133.021815, Y=43.025770, altitude 500 m, (RU-102).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C0C87B7FFACFFB6DBECF9AE6C0CF836	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Smolis, Adrian;Deharveng, Louis	Smolis, Adrian, Deharveng, Louis (2015): Diversity of Paranura Axelson, 1902 (Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae) in Pacific Region of Russia and United States. Zootaxa 4033 (2): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4033.2.2
3C0C87B7FFAFFF8BDBECF9F86DA0F9F7.text	3C0C87B7FFAFFF8BDBECF9F86DA0F9F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paranura	<div><p>Key to species of the genus Paranura</p><p>New species described here make it necessary to update the key that was provided by Palacios-Vargas and Simón Benito in 2008. Aside the new species described here, the new key includes among others species P. najtae Deharveng &amp; Weiner, 1984, P. clavisetis and P. s-uenoi Yosii, 1955 that were not considered by Palacios-Vargas and Simón Benito (2008). The first species, P. najtae (described from North Korea) was synonymised with P. ieti (Yosii 1966) described from Nepal (Cassagnau 1991). As differential characters between najtae and ieti are not discussed by Cassagnau (1991), the synonymy he proposes cannot be accepted at the moment. Our own observations suggest that the two species, though very similar morphologically, may be distinguished by the number of lateral chaetae and posterior tubercles on head. However, it should be noted that there are large differences between the different available descriptions of P. ieti (Cassagnau 1991; Lee 1981; Yosii 1966, 1969) and undoubtedly the species needs revision based on type material or specimens from type locality. For the same reason, the synonymy between clavisetis and sexpunctata proposed by Massoud (1967) cannot be retained here, as the differential characters given in the original description (Axelson, 1902) were not discussed when he placed the former species in synonymy of P. sexpunctata . Our key includes also P. s-uenoi that was considered by Palacios- Vargas and Simón Benito as a member of Nahuanura Palacios-Vargas &amp; Najt, 1986, a genus characterized by the presence of reticulations on parts of the body (Palacios-Vargas &amp; Najt 1986). A detailed analysis of morphology of P. s-uenoi and related P. reticulata sp. nov. show that both species rather resembles the genus Oregonanura Smolis, 2008 (Smolis 2008b) in having a unique very long abdominal segment V which is twice longer than the last one. In addition, the reticulation pattern of Nahuanura Palacios-Vargas &amp; Najt, 1986 and the cited species are quite different, suggesting that it developed independantly (see remarks of P. reticulata sp. nov.). In comparison to both disputed species, Oreganura, however, has complete and strong developed tuberculation on the body. In the light of these facts we decided to classify P. s-uenoi and P. reticulata sp.nov. within Paranura . Regarding P. anops, it is not included in the key as it belongs to the genus Paleonura Cassagnau, 1982 of the tribe Paleonurini by its unpigmented eyes (Palacios-Vargas &amp; Simón Benito 2007b, Smolis &amp; Kadej 2014). In addition, Paranura quadripunctata Yosii, 1966 from Nepal, considered as a species inquirenda by Cassagnau (1991), is not included in the key. Diagnostic characters of the central area of head are unknown in this species.</p><p>1 Head with 2+2 eyes.................................................................................... 2</p><p>- Head with 3+3 eyes................................................................................... 23</p><p>2 Tubercle Oc on head with 2 chaetae....................................................................... 3</p><p>- Tubercle Oc on head with 3 chaetae...................................................................... 12</p><p>3 Thorax II–III with 2 chaetae Di........................................................................... 4</p><p>-. Thorax II–III with 3 chaetae Di........................................................................... 6</p><p>4 Head without chaetae A......................................................... P. squamosa Cassagnau, 1991</p><p>- Head with chaetae A................................................................................... 5</p><p>5 Thorax II–III with 2 chaetae L........................................... P. timorensis Yoshii &amp; Suhardjono, 1992</p><p>- Thorax II–III with 3 chaetae L............................................. P. nudifera Yoshii &amp; Suhardjono, 1992</p><p>6 Head with chaetae A and C.............................................................................. 7</p><p>- Head without chaetae A and C.......................................................................... 11</p><p>7 Thorax II–III with 3 and 4 ordinary chaetae De respectively, grey or blue pigment present on body..................................................................................... P. impedita Palacios-Vargas &amp; Deharveng 1987</p><p>- Thorax II–III with 2 ordinary chaetae De, no grey or blue pigment present on body................................. 8</p><p>8 Thorax II–III with 2 ordinary chaetae Dl................................................................... 9</p><p>- Thorax II–III with 3 ordinary chaetae Dl.................................................................. 10</p><p>9 Abd. I–III with 1 ordinary chaeta De................................................... P. meo Deharveng, 1989</p><p>- Abd. I–III with 2 ordinary chaeta De............................................. P. godavarica Cassagnau, 1991</p><p>10 Head with chaeta O, abdomen IV with chaetae De shifted towards chaetae Dl................................................................................................. P. tapatia Palacios-Vargas &amp; Peńaranda-Parada, 2005</p><p>- Head without chaeta O, abdomen IV with chaetae De not shifted.. P. colombiana Palacios-Vargas &amp; Peńaranda-Parada, 2005</p><p>11 Thorax II–III with 1 ordinary chaeta De................................................ P. johorensis (Yosii, 1976)</p><p>- Thorax II–III with 2 and 2-3 ordinary chaetae De respectively........................... P. garoensis Cassagnau, 1991</p><p>12 Head with chaeta O................................................................................... 13</p><p>- Head without chaeta O................................................................................ 20</p><p>13 Abdomen V with 2+2 chaetae Di........................................................................ 14</p><p>- Abdomen V with 3+3 chaetae Di........................................................................ 17</p><p>14 Thorax II with 2 ordinary chaetae De................................................ P. bisetosa Deharveng, 1989</p><p>- Thorax II with 3 ordinary chaetae De..................................................................... 15</p><p>15 Thorax III with 3 ordinary chaetae De............................ P. quadrilobata Hammer, 1953 sensu Fjellberg 1985</p><p>- Thorax III with 4 ordinary chaetae De.................................................................... 16</p><p>16 Abdomen IV with 1 ordinary chaeta De, trochanters with 6 chaetae.......................... P. microchaetosa sp. nov.</p><p>- Abdomen IV with 2 ordinary chaetae De, trochanters with 5 chaetae.......................... P. kedrovayensis sp. nov.</p><p>17 Thorax II–III with 2 and 3 ordinary chaetae De respectively............................... P. dalgeri Deharveng, 1989</p><p>- Thorax II–III with 3 and 4 ordinary chaetae De respectively................................................... 18</p><p>18 Tibiotarsi without chaeta M..................................................... P. tibiotarsalis Deharveng, 1989</p><p>- Tibiotarsi with chaeta M............................................................................... 19</p><p>19 Abdomen V with tubercles Di separate, abdomen II without chaetae Ve, furcal remnant without microchaetae........................................................................................... P. modesta Deharveng, 1989</p><p>- Abdomen V with tubercles Di fused, abdomen II with chaetae Ve, furcal remnant with microchaetae. P. cassagnaui sp. nov.</p><p>20 Thorax III with 3 ordinary chaetae De.................................................................... 21</p><p>- Thorax III with 2 ordinary chaetae De.................................................................... 22</p><p>21 Abdomen V with 2+2 chaetae Di..................................................... P. tamul Cassagnau, 1988</p><p>- Abdomen V with 3+3 chaetae Di.................................................. P. coenobita Cassagnau, 1991</p><p>22 Thorax II–III with 2 ordinary chaetae Dl............................................ P. globulifer Deharveng, 1989</p><p>- Thorax II–III with 3 ordinary chaetae Dl.............................................. P. leclerci Deharveng, 1989</p><p>23 Abdomen V at least twice longer thanVI.................................................................. 24</p><p>- Abdomen V slightly longer than VI...................................................................... 25</p><p>24 Thorax III with 3 ordinary chaetae De, abdomen V with 2+2 ordinary chaetae Di.................. P. s-uenoi Yosii, 1955</p><p>- Thorax III with 4 ordinary chaetae De, abdomen V with 3+3 ordinary chaetae Di................... P. reticulata sp. nov.</p><p>25 Abdomen V–VI with clear clavate chaetae................................................................. 26</p><p>- Abdomen V–VI without clear clavate chaetae.............................................................. 27</p><p>26 Tibiotarsi I, II and III with 12, 12 and 11 chaetae respectively............................. P. clavisetis (Axelson, 1902)</p><p>- Tibiotarsi I, II and III with 19, 19 and 18 chaetae respectively............................. P. sitchensis Fjellberg, 1985</p><p>27 Tubercle Oc on head with 2 chaetae...................................................................... 28</p><p>- Tubercle Oc on head with 3 chaetae...................................................................... 32</p><p>28 Thorax I with 1 chaeta De.............................................................................. 29</p><p>- Thorax I with 2 chaetae De............................................................................. 30</p><p>29 Abdomen I–IV with 2 ordinary chaetae De.......................... P. sarukhani Palacios-Vargas &amp; Deharveng, 1987</p><p>- Abdomen I–IV with 1 ordinary chaeta De............................... P. jorgei Palacios-Vargas &amp; Deharveng, 1987</p><p>30 Thorax II with 2 ordinary chaetae De............................ P. longisensillata Palacios-Vargas &amp; Deharveng, 1987</p><p>- Thorax II with 3 ordinary chaetae De..................................................................... 31</p><p>31 Thorax III with 3 ordinary chaetae De.......................... P. magdalenae Simón Benito &amp; Palacios-Vargas, 2008</p><p>- Thorax III with 4 ordinary chaetae De............................. P. rooensis Simón Benito &amp; Palacios-Vargas, 2008</p><p>32 Head with chaeta O................................................................................... 33</p><p>- Head without chaeta O................................................................................ 43</p><p>33 Tibiotarsi I, II and III with 12, 12 and 11 chaetae respectively........................... P. sexpunctata (Axelson, 1902)</p><p>- Tibiotarsi I–III with higher number of chaetae respectively.................................................... 34</p><p>34 Thorax III with 2 or 3 ordinary chaetae De................................................................. 35</p><p>- Thorax III with 4 ordinary chaetae De.................................................................... 36</p><p>35 Thorax III with 2 ordinary chaetae De, head with chaeta E......................... P. chiangdaoensis Deharveng, 1989</p><p>- Thorax III with 3 ordinary chaetae De, head without chaeta E.................................................................................................. P. colorata Mills, 1934 sensu Simón Benito &amp; Palacios-Vargas, 2008</p><p>36 Abdomen V with 3+3 chaetae Di........................................................................ 37</p><p>- Abdomen V with 2+2 chaetae Di........................................................................ 39</p><p>37 Tubercle (L+So) on head with 9 chaetae..................................................... P. ieti (Yosii, 1966)</p><p>- Tubercle (L+So) on head with 10 chaetae.................................................................. 38</p><p>38 Abdomen V with tubercles Di separate, trochanters with 5 chaetae, furcal remnant with microchaetae, no grey or blue pigment present on body.......................................................... P. najtae Deharveng &amp; Weiner, 1984</p><p>- Abdomen V with tubercles Di fused, trochanters with 6 chaetae, furcal remnant without microchaetae, grey or blue pigment present on body....................................................................... P. conjuncta sp. nov.</p><p>39 Head with additional chaetae in central area................................................... P. setosa sp. nov.</p><p>- Head without additional chaetae in central area............................................................. 40</p><p>40 Trochanters with 5 chaetae, abdomen II without chaetae Ve1, no grey or blue pigment present on body.......................................................................................... P. koryoi Deharveng &amp; Weiner, 1984</p><p>- Trochanters with 6 chaetae, abdomen II with chaetae Ve1, grey or blue pigment present on body...................... 41</p><p>41 Labium with 11+11 chaetae, formula of labral chaetotaxy: 4/5, 4; furcal remnant without microchaetae.................................................................................... P. mjohjangensis Deharveng &amp; Weiner, 1984</p><p>- Labium with 10+10 chaetae, formula of labral chaetotaxy other, furcal remnant with microchaetae.................... 42</p><p>42 Abdomen IV with 1 ordinary chaeta De, distal part of labrum with 4 chaetae..................... P. oregonensis sp. nov.</p><p>- Abdomen IV with 2 ordinary chaetae De, distal part of labrum with 2 chaetae........................ P. reducta sp. nov.</p><p>43 Thorax II–III with 2 ordinary chaetae De........................................... P. tridentata Lee &amp; Kim, 1984</p><p>- Thorax II–III with 4 ordinary chaetae De............................................... P. rosea Lee &amp; Kim, 1984</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C0C87B7FFAFFF8BDBECF9F86DA0F9F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Smolis, Adrian;Deharveng, Louis	Smolis, Adrian, Deharveng, Louis (2015): Diversity of Paranura Axelson, 1902 (Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae) in Pacific Region of Russia and United States. Zootaxa 4033 (2): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4033.2.2
