identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
43283970FFF80A75FF564B74FB45F9DC.text	43283970FFF80A75FF564B74FB45F9DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheilodactylidae Regan	<div><p>Family Cheilodactylidae Regan</p><p>Diagnosis. Diagnosis follows that of Kimura et al. (2018) and Smith (1980) for Cheilodactylus . The family can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters: body compressed and ovoid, with small, terminal to subterminal mouth with large lips; eyes moderate size; two pairs of nostrils with cirri on the lower pair of nostrils; no bony processes on frontal bone or maxilla; teeth small, villiform in several rows, absent from vomer and palatines. Dorsal-fin elements XVII–XX, 19–25; anal-fin elements III, 9–11; pectoral-fin rays 14 with ventral 4–5 thickened and unbranched. Dorsal-fin continuous with no division between spinous and soft portions; spines increasing in length to sixth spine, and decreasing thereafter; second dorsal ray longest. Gas bladder absent; three supraneurals, with first supraneural preceding first neural spine and second and third supraneural between first and second neural spines in the arrangement of 0/0+0/2+1/1/1 (Fig. 2). Lateral-line scales 78–85; scales small and cycloid; scaly sheath present at base of dorsal and anal-fins. Cheilodactylidae can be further differentiated from Cirrhitidae by dorsal spines lacking cirri (versus present), and from both Chironemidae and Aplodactylidae by higher anal-fin ray counts and a more laterally compressed, deeper body. Cheilodactylidae can be further differentiated from Latridae by the absence of a gas bladder, by late-stage larvae lacking a ‘paperfish’ stage (Dudnik 1977), and by the arrangement of supraneurals with the first neural spine (see family diagnosis for Latridae below).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/43283970FFF80A75FF564B74FB45F9DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ludt, William B.;Burridge, Christopher P.;Chakrabarty, Prosanta	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF80A77FF5649F2FEEAFE52.text	43283970FFF80A77FF5649F2FEEAFE52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheilodactylus Lacepede	<div><p>Genus Cheilodactylus Lacépède</p><p>(Fig. 3)</p><p>Cheilodactylus Lacépède, 1803:5 [Type-species: Cheilodactylus fasciatus Lacépède, 1803, by monotypy].</p><p>Chilodactylus Agassiz, 1846:78, 80 [unjustified emendation of Cheilodactylus fasciatus Lacépède, 1803].</p><p>Trichopterus Gronow, 1854:162 [Type-species: Trichopterus indicus Gronow, 1854, (= junior synonym of C. fasciatus Lacépède, 1803) by monotypy].</p><p>Pteronemus Van der Hoeven 1855:177 [Type-species: Cheilodactylus fasciatus Lacépède, 1803 (unneeded substitute for Cheilodactylus Lacépède, 1803)].</p><p>Etymology. Gender masculine. Derived from the Greek cheilos (lip) for the fleshy lips of these species, and daktylos (finger) for the lower, unbranched pectoral fin rays.</p><p>Inclusive species. Cheilodactylus fasciatus Lacépède (type species), C. pixi Smith</p><p>Diagnosis. As per family diagnosis.</p><p>Habitat and distribution. Both C. fasciatus and C. pixi occur in cooler waters from Namibia, to Natal, South</p><p>Africa. These species can be found in shallow, coastal rocky habitats and are common to 30m depth. However, both C. fasciatus and C. pixi have been observed at 97m and 120m, respectively (Smith &amp; Heemstra 1986). These species generally stay close to the benthos where they hide among rocks and other rubble (Smith 1980). Tidepools are thought to be an important nursery habitat for juvenile C. fasciatus in South Africa (Beckley 1985).</p><p>Comments. These species range in size from 180mm for C. pixi, to 300mm for C. fasciatus (Smith 1980) . Both species are primarily benthic invertivores (Smith &amp; Heemstra 1986, Griffiths &amp; Lechanteur 2003).</p><p>Material examined. C. fasciatus, ROM 0 50995 [n=6, South Africa: Port Alfred]; C. pixi, AMS I.37729 [n=5, South Africa: Tsitsikama] , ANSP 97464 [n=1, Mozambique: Maputo Bay], CAS 45331 [n=1 (paratype), South Africa: Algoa Bay] , USNM 221144 [n=1 (paratype), South Africa: Algoa Bay] , USNM 385232 [n=6, South Africa: Tsitsikama] .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/43283970FFF80A77FF5649F2FEEAFE52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ludt, William B.;Burridge, Christopher P.;Chakrabarty, Prosanta	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFFA0A77FF564D74FE3CFC4C.text	43283970FFFA0A77FF564D74FE3CFC4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Latridae Gill	<div><p>Family Latridae Gill</p><p>Diagnosis. Latridae can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters: body ovoid to elongate and compressed or round in cross-section; dorsal-fin elements XV–XXV, 22–44; anal-fin elements III, 7–37; pectoralfin rays 14 with ventral rays thick and unbranched. Gas bladder present; supraneurals never in the arrangement of Cheilodactylidae—all genera except Mendosoma with two supraneurals prior to first dorsal pterygiophore in arrangement of 0+0/2; no cirri on dorsal-fin elements. Latridae can be distinguished from all other cirrhitoids by having two supraneurals preceding the first neural spine, except for Mendosoma, which can be distinguished by having a single dorsal-fin spine articulating with the first dorsal pterygiophore (as opposed to two in all other families within Cirrhitoidei; Fig. 2). While not all larvae have been described, Latridae remains the only family in Cirrhitoidei to exhibit a late-larval ‘paperfish’ stage where larvae have deep bodies with a strong ventral keel adapted for pelagic life.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/43283970FFFA0A77FF564D74FE3CFC4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ludt, William B.;Burridge, Christopher P.;Chakrabarty, Prosanta	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFFA0A78FF564B02FDB4FDC4.text	43283970FFFA0A78FF564B02FDB4FDC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chirodactylus Gill	<div><p>Genus Chirodactylus Gill</p><p>(Fig. 4)</p><p>Chirodactylus Gill, 1862: 119 [Type-species: Cheilodactylus antonii Valenciennes, 1833 (= junior synonym of C. variegatus Valenciennes, 1833) by original designation]. Palunolepis Barnard, 1927: 456 [Type-species: Cheilodactylus grandis Günther, 1860 by original designation].</p><p>Etymology. Gender masculine. Derived from the Greek cheir (hand) and daktylos (finger) for the long, unbranched lower pectoral fin rays observed in this genus.</p><p>Inclusive species. C. variegatus (Valenciennes) (type species), C. brachydactylus (Cuvier), C. grandis (Günther), C. jessicalenorum Smith, C. spectabilis (Hutton)</p><p>Diagnosis. Chirodactylus can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin elements XVII–XVIII, 22–31; anal-fin elements III, 7–10; pectoral-fin rays 14 with ventral 6–7 unbranched and thickened; lateral-line scales 46–56. Body ovoid and compressed; dorsal profile of head slight to moderate; dorsal-fin increasing gradually in length to 5 th or 6 th spine, decreasing thereafter; no bony processes on frontal bones medially to orbit or anterior to maxilla.</p><p>Habitat and distribution. Chirodactylus brachydactylus, C. grandis, and C. jessicalenorum occur off the coast of South Africa to 240m (Smith 1980). Chirodactylus variegatus occurs in the southeast Pacific off the coast of Chile and Peru, and C. spectabilis occurs in the north island of New Zealand, Tasmania, and occasionally in southern mainland Australia.</p><p>Comments. Smith (1980) noted the convoluted taxonomic history of the genus, which is briefly described here. Gill (1862) erected Chirodactylus to include C. antonii Valenciennes 1833 (type species), C. variegatus Valenciennes 1833, and C. grandis Günther 1860 . Barnard (1927) later described Palunolepis with P. grandis as the type species. Chirodactylus variegatus was later considered a senior synonym to C. antonii (de Buen 1959) . In a review of Australian cheilodactylids, Allen and Heemstra (1976) regarded several genera, including Chirodactylus (but not Palunolepis), as junior synonyms to Cheilodactylus . Chirodactylus was later resurrected in a comparison of South African morwongs by Smith (1980), who included C. brachydactylus, C. jessicalenorum, C. grandis, and C. variegatus . However, the latter species was not recognized by all (see list of recognized species in Eschmeyer et al. 2019). Recently this genus was synonymized once again with Goniistius, similarly to the classification proposed by Allen &amp; Heemstra (1976), due to low resolution in the topology recovered by Kimura et al. (2018). The genus is re-elevated and expanded here to include C. variegatus (senior synonym of C. antonii, type species) and C. spectabilis based on strongly supported molecular evidence and morphological characters. Chirodactylus is superficially similar to Goniistius, but can be distinguished by a shallower dorsal head profile, a lack of bony processes on the frontal bones and maxilla, and a lack of a greatly enlarged 4 th dorsal-fin spine.</p><p>Material examined. C. brachydactylus, USNM 93652 [n=1, South Africa: Western Cape], USNM 153508 [n=2, South Africa: Western Cape], ANSP 97440 [n=1, Mozambique: Maputo Bay]; C. jessicalenorum, USNM 221145 [n=3, South Africa: Natal]; C. spectabilis, NMV A22205 [n=1, Australia: New South Wales: Green Cape] , NMV A14 [n=1, Australia: Victoria], NMV A44 [n=1, Australia: Victoria: Welshpool] , NMV A24816 [n=1, Australia: Victoria: Little Ram Head Point]; C. variegatus, CAS 8447 [n=4, Peru: Lima: Bay of Callao] , USNM 77517 [n=1], USNM 128061 [n=4] .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/43283970FFFA0A78FF564B02FDB4FDC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ludt, William B.;Burridge, Christopher P.;Chakrabarty, Prosanta	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF50A78FF564BC3FC2EF851.text	43283970FFF50A78FF564BC3FC2EF851.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dactylophora De Vis	<div><p>Genus Dactylophora De Vis</p><p>(Fig. 5)</p><p>Dactylophora De Vis, 1883: 284 [Type-species: Dactylophora semimaculata De Vis, 1883 (= junior synonym of D. nigricans De Vis, 1883) by monotypy].</p><p>Psilocranium Macleay, 1884: 439 [Type-species: Psilocranium coxii Macleay, 1884 (= junior synonym of D. nigricans De Vis, 1883) by monotypy].</p><p>Etymology. Gender masculine. Derived from the Greek daktylos (finger) and pherein (to carry).</p><p>Inclusive species. Dactylophora nigricans (Richardson) (type by monotypy)</p><p>Diagnosis. Dactylophora can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin elements XV–XVI, 24–26; anal-fin elements III, 9–10; pectoral-fin rays 14 with ventral 5 unbranched and thickened; lateralline scales 45–55. Height of soft dorsal fin roughly equal to height of spinous portion. Elongate body with shallow dorsal head profile; body cylindrical in cross section; scales cycloid and large on body; eyes moderate size; no bony processes on frontal bones or maxilla.</p><p>Habitat and distribution. Found by rocky reefs, weeds and seagrasses to 30m (Kuiter 1993). Distributed along the southern coast of Australia and northern Tasmania.</p><p>Comments. Distinguished from all other latrids by a long, cylindrical body that lacks both a pointed snout and high anal-fin ray counts. Can acquire large adult sizes, reaching 1.2m TL (Kuiter 1993).</p><p>Material examined. D. nigricans, LACM 52122 [n=1, Australia], NMV A17775 [n=1, Australia: Victoria: Port Phillip Bay] , NMV A13967 [n=1, Australia: Victoria: Port Phillip Bay] , NMV A25379 -001 [n=1, Australia: Victoria: Port Phillip Bay] , USNM 440480 [n=1, Australia: Tasmania] .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/43283970FFF50A78FF564BC3FC2EF851	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ludt, William B.;Burridge, Christopher P.;Chakrabarty, Prosanta	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF40A7AFF564DB4FB70FBFC.text	43283970FFF40A7AFF564DB4FB70FBFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Goniistius Gill	<div><p>Genus Goniistius Gill</p><p>(Fig. 6)</p><p>Goniistius Gill, 1862: 120 [Type-species: Cheilodactylus zonatus Cuvier, 1830 by original designation].</p><p>Zeodrius Castelnau 1879: 377 [Type-species Zeodrius vestitus Castelnau, 1879 by subsequent designation of Jordan, 1919].</p><p>Gregoryina Fowler &amp; Ball 1924: 270 [Type-species: Gregoryina gygis Fowler &amp; Ball, 1924 (= junior synonym of G. vittatus Garrett, 1864) by original designation].</p><p>Etymology. Gender masculine. Derived from the Greek -gon (angled), and the Greek istion (sail) for the oblique bars found on many species.</p><p>Inclusive species. Goniistius zonatus (Cuvier) (type species), G. francisi (Burridge), G. gibbosus (Richardson), G. plessisi (Randall), G. quadricornis (Günther), G. rubrolabiatus (Allen &amp; Heemstra), G. vestitus (Castelnau), G. vittatus (Garrett), G. zebra (Döderlein)</p><p>Diagnosis. Diagnosis as in Randall (1983) using the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin elements XVI–XVIII, 29–35; anal-fin elements III, 8–12; lateral-line scales 54–71; pectoral-fin rays 14 with ventral 6 thickened and unbranched; pectoral-fin rays not extending to anal-fin origin. Body ovoid and compressed; lips large and fleshy; bony processes commonly found on the frontal bone medially to the orbit or anteriorly on the maxilla except for G. rubrolabiatus and G. zonatus; dorsal profile of head steep and resulting in a deep body for all species except G. rubrolabiatus . All species with multiple angled bars along the body and head, which are black and white in most species (reddish brown in G. rubrolabiatus, and yellow in G. zonatus).</p><p>Habitat and distribution. This genus has an anti-tropical distribution in the Pacific (Randall 1983). In the Southern Hemisphere they are found in the temperate waters off eastern and western Australia and two species occur among south Pacific islands, including Easter Island. Members of this genus also occur in the Northern Hemisphere in Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan, and Hawaii. Members of Goniistius are commonly found in rocky reef areas consuming invertebrates from the substrate.</p><p>Comments. In their revision of Australian morwongs, Allen and Heemstra (1976) placed several genera, including Goniistius, in synonymy with Cheilodactylus because many of these genera were erected due to morphological differences with the type species, C. fasciatus . Since then, Goniistius was treated as a valid subgenus of Cheilodactylus by many authors (Randall 1983, Burridge &amp; White 2000), and several suggested reelevating Goniistius (Randall 2005) . Kimura et al. (2018) distinguished C. fasciatus, and C. pixi, as entirely distinct from all Australian morwongs, and elevated Goniistius as a genus within the Latridae while also expanding it to include all species historically associated with Chirodactylus . Of all species in this genus, G. rubrolabiatus appears to be the most phenotypically distinct, lacking the elevated dorsal head profile, the elongated 4 th dorsal-fin spine, and the black and white coloration. However, molecular evidence strongly supports its placement within the genus.</p><p>Material examined. G. francisi, AMS I27139-006 [n=1, Australia: Tasman Sea: Middleton Reef], AMS I42728 -001 [n=1, Australia: Lord Howe Island], AMS I27134-003 [n=1, Australia: Tasman Sea: Middleton Reef], USNM 47814 [n=1]; G. gibbosus WAM P25999-001 [n=1, Australia: Western Australia: Point Peron], WAM P24836 [n=1, Australia: Western Australia: Irwin Inlet], WAM P21780-001 [n=1, Australia: Western Australia: Swan River], WAM P25270-001 [n=1, Australia: Western Australia: Hardy Inlet], WAM P25072 [n=1, Australia: Western Australia: Harding River], USNM 84377 [n=1]; G. plessisi CAS 47908 [n=1 (paratype), French Polynesia: Easter Island], USNM 226553 [n=1 (paratype), French Polynesia: Easter Island], USNM 378135 [n=1, French Polynesia: Easter Island]; G. rubrolabiatus WAM 25225 [n=1 (holotype), Australia: Western Australia: Fremantle], WAM P22580 [n=1 (paratype), Australia: Western Australia: Rockingham], WAM P5562 [n=1, Australia: Western Australia: Rottnest Island], WAM P5925 [n=1, Australia: Western Australia: Trigg Island], USNM 214831 [n=1 (paratype), Australia: Western Australia: Cockburn Sound]; G. vestitus AMS I41831 -003 [n=1, Australia: New South Wales: Iron Peg Point], AMS I4858-005 [n=1, Australia: New South Wales: Clarence River], CAS 20400 [n=1, Australia: Queensland: Moreton Bay], NMV 54113 [n=1, Australia: New South Wales: Port Jackson]; G. vittatus CAS 20386 [n=2, United States: Hawaii: Oahu: Honolulu], USNM 126514 [n=1, United States: Hawaii]; G. zebra CAS 23483 [n=1, Japan: Kanagawa Prefecture: Misaki], USNM 56431 [n=1]; G. zonatus CAS 13996 [n=3, China: Hong Kong: Cape D’Aguilar], USNM 71062 [n=1, Japan: Osaka Prefecture: Misaki].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/43283970FFF40A7AFF564DB4FB70FBFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ludt, William B.;Burridge, Christopher P.;Chakrabarty, Prosanta	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF70A7BFF564B92FC4AFEBB.text	43283970FFF70A7BFF564B92FC4AFEBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Latridopsis Gill	<div><p>Genus Latridopsis Gill</p><p>(Fig. 7)</p><p>Latridopsis Gill, 1862: 115 [Type-species: Anthias ciliaris Forster, 1801 by original designation].</p><p>Micropus Kner, 1868: 29 [Type-species: Micropteryx polycentrus Kner, 1868 by monotypy (objectively invalid; preoccupied four times and replaced by Orqueta Jordan, 1919)].</p><p>Evistias Gill, 1893:114 [Type-species: Platystethus huttonii Günther, 1876 (= junior synonym of L. forsteri Castelnau, 1872 or L. ciliaris Forster, 1801) by monotypy].</p><p>Orqueta Jordan, 1919:344 [Type-species: Micropteryx polycentrus Kner, 1868 as a replacement name for Micropus Kner, 1868, four times preoccupied].</p><p>Melbanella Whitley 1937: 132 [Type-species: Micropus muelleri Steindachner, 1879 (= junior synonym of L. forsteri Castelnau, 1872) by original designation].</p><p>Etymology. Gender feminine. Derived from the Greek latris (slave) and opsis (appearance).</p><p>Inclusive species. Latridopsis ciliaris (Forster) (type species), Latridopsis forsteri (Castelnau)</p><p>Diagnosis. Latridopsis can be diagnosed with the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin elements XVI–XVII, 37–43; anal-fin elements III, 31–37; pectoral-fin rays 16–19; pectoral-fin rays not greatly elongated, upper rays longer than lower rays, distal edges of fins rounded. Body moderately ovoid to elongate and highly compressed laterally; caudal peduncle thin; snout pointed with a terminal mouth; lips not as enlarged as other species in Latridae; strong notch between spinous and soft dorsal-fins; dorsal-fin spines not enlarged and none that are significantly longer than others; anal-fin long and reaching caudal peduncle. Body gray in appearance; scales cycloid.</p><p>Habitat and distribution. Tasmania, southeastern Australia and New Zealand. Demersal species, generally found near rocky reefs to 160m (Roberts 2015).</p><p>Comments. These species feed on a variety of benthic invertebrates. They are generally solitary, or in small groups, but migrate in large schools (Kuiter 1993). Commercially harvested in parts of their range (Roberts 2015). Material examined. L. ciliaris CAS 58777 [n=1, New Zealand: Cape Wanbrow]; L. forsteri, AMS I17556- 0 10 [n=1, Australia: Tasmania: Granville Harbour], USNM 226548 [n=1].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/43283970FFF70A7BFF564B92FC4AFEBB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ludt, William B.;Burridge, Christopher P.;Chakrabarty, Prosanta	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF60A7BFF564CC9FC99F92D.text	43283970FFF60A7BFF564CC9FC99F92D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Latris Richardson	<div><p>Genus Latris Richardson</p><p>Latris Richardson, 1839: 98 [Type-species: Latris hecateia Richardson, 1839 (= junior synonym of L. lineata Forster, 1801) by monotypy].</p><p>Etymology. Gender masculine. Derived from the Greek word latris (slave).</p><p>Inclusive species. Latris lineata (Forster) (type species), Latris pacifica Roberts</p><p>Diagnosis. Diagnosis follows that of Roberts (2003) with the following combination of characters: elongate, compressed body; eye small; terminal mouth; caudal peduncle thin, with caudle fin strongly forked; dorsal-fin elements XVII–XX, 33-44; anal-fin elements III, 2 6–37; pectoral-fin rays 16–19 with 6–9 branched rays; pectoralfin rays not reaching anal-fin origin; 98–125 lateral line scales; 37–43 vertebrae; scales small and cycloid.</p><p>Habitat and distribution. Found throughout the temperate Southern Hemisphere, with the exception of South Africa, to 300m in rocky regions (Roberts 2003).</p><p>Comments. Latris lineata is popular in commercial fisheries, and can live to 43 years (Roberts 2015). Less is known of L. pacifica, although it too may be harvested in large numbers but misidentified as L. lineata . Larvae are adapted to a long pelagic ‘paper fish’ stage that allow for long-distance dispersal. There is an extensive taxonomic history of this genus outlined in Roberts (2003).</p><p>Material examined. L. lineata USNM 176770 [n=1, New Zealand: Auckland], CSIRO H 4944 [n=1, Australia: Tasmania:], CSIRO H 4945 [n=1, Australia] .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/43283970FFF60A7BFF564CC9FC99F92D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ludt, William B.;Burridge, Christopher P.;Chakrabarty, Prosanta	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF60A7CFF5649E1FB64FDC7.text	43283970FFF60A7CFF5649E1FB64FDC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mendosoma Guinchenot	<div><p>Genus Mendosoma Guinchenot</p><p>Mendosoma Guinchenot, 1848: 212 [Type-species: Mendosoma lineata Guinchenot, 1848 by subsequent designation of Bleeker, 1876].</p><p>Etymology. Gender neuter. Derived from Venetian mendole (fish), and the Greek soma (body). Inclusive species. Mendosoma lineatum Guinchenot (type by monotypy) Diagnosis. Mendosoma is diagnosed from all other latrids by having a combination of the following</p><p>characters: dorsal-fin elements XXII–XXV, 23–27; anal-fin elements III, 17–21; pectoral-fin rays 16–19; vertebrae 42–46. Body elongate with a pointed snout and terminal mouth; mouth highly protrusible; eye moderate; no teeth on lower jaw; scales small and cycloid; supraneurals arranged 0/0/0/1+1/1+1/1 (Fig. 2j).</p><p>Habitat and distribution. Found throughout the temperate waters of the Southern Hemisphere from Tasmania, southern Australia, New Zealand and southern Chile. Commonly found in tide pools and in the water column near rocky reefs to 22m (Roberts 2015).</p><p>Comments. Distinguished from all other latrids by the unique supraneural arrangement with a single dorsal-fin spine articulating with the first dorsal pterygiophore, the elongate, tubular body, and the pointed, highly protrusible mouth. Feeds on zooplankton in the water column. Five species of Mendosoma have been described in the literature, but here we take the conservative approach of only recognizing a single species based on the detailed results of Gon &amp; Heemstra (1987).</p><p>Material examined. M. lineatum, CSIRO H 2377-01 [n=1, Australia: Tasmania], CSIRO T 1119 [n=1, Australia: Tasmania: Maria Island], NVM A19874 [n=1, Australia], NVM A11395 [n=1, Australia] .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/43283970FFF60A7CFF5649E1FB64FDC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ludt, William B.;Burridge, Christopher P.;Chakrabarty, Prosanta	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF10A7DFF564D88FDE4FE53.text	43283970FFF10A7DFF564D88FDE4FE53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Morwong Whitley	<div><p>Genus Morwong Whitley</p><p>(Fig. 8)</p><p>Morwong Whitley, 1957: 65 [Type-species: Cheilodactylus fuscus Castelnau, 1879 by original designation].</p><p>Etymology. Gender masculine. Derived from an aboriginal word for fish.</p><p>Inclusive species. Morwong fuscus (Castelnau) (type species), M. ephippum (McCulloch &amp; Waite)</p><p>Diagnosis. Morwong can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin elements XVI – XVIII, 30–35; anal-fin elements III, 8–9; lateral-line scales 59–66; pectoral-fin rays 13–14 with ventral 5–6 rays thickened and unbranched. Can be distinguished from Goniistius by a shallower dorsal head profile, and a shorter 4 th dorsal-fin spine, and from Chirodactylus by a higher lateral-line scale count (59–66 in Morwong versus 46–56 in Chirodactylus) and higher dorsal-fin soft ray count (30–35 in Morwong versus 22–31 in Chirodactylus). Color generally brown to brownish red.</p><p>Habitat and distribution. Occurs off the southeast coast of Australia, the northern island of New Zealand, and islands of the Tasman Sea, to 50m among rocky reef habitats.</p><p>Comments. Originally erected by Whitley (1957), Morwong was described as distinct from other members of Cheilodactylus by the number of dorsal-fin elements and lateral line scales, as well as ‘transverse dark bars’ on the body. These diagnostic characters remain largely valid when compared to Cheilodactylidae as recognized herein (restricted to two species in South Africa). Both species of Morwong are largely brown to brownish red, a character only shared with G. rubrolabiatus, but absent from any other members of the family. Kimura et al. (2018) placed these two species within Goniistius, however, they are easily distinguished from other species in Goniistius, and have never been historically included in that subgenus (see Randall 1983).</p><p>Material examined. M. ephippium, AMS I20493-001 [n=1, Australia: New South Wales: Broughton Island], AMS I20255-001 [n=1, Australia: New South Wales: Norfolk Island], AMS I27891-026 [n=1, Australia: Tasman Sea: Elizabeth Reef], AMS I24294-001 [n=1, Australia: New South Wales: Montague Island]; M. fuscus, AMS I24982-001 [n=1, Australia: New South Wales: Manly], ANSP 122393 [n=1, Australia: Queensland: Bribie Island], CAS 20803 [n=1, Australia: New South Wales: Port Jackson], NMV 54265 [n=1, Australia: New South Wales: Port Jackson], USNM 59938 [n=1].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/43283970FFF10A7DFF564D88FDE4FE53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ludt, William B.;Burridge, Christopher P.;Chakrabarty, Prosanta	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF00A7EFF564D74FCCEFE20.text	43283970FFF00A7EFF564D74FCCEFE20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemadactylus Richardson	<div><p>Genus Nemadactylus Richardson</p><p>(Fig. 9)</p><p>Nemadactylus Richardson, 1839: 98 [Type-species: Nemadactylus concinnus Richardson, 1839 (=junior synonym of N. macropterus Forster, 1801) by monotypy].</p><p>Dactylopagrus Gill, 1862: 114 [Type-species: Cheilodactylus carponemus Cuvier, 1830 (= junior synonym of N. macropterus Forster, 1801) by original designation].</p><p>Dactylosparus Gill, 1862: 117 [Type-species: Cheilodactylus carponemus Cuvier, 1830 (objective synonym of Dactylopagrus Gill, 1862)].</p><p>Acantholatris Gill, 1862: 119 [Type-species: Chaetodon monodactylus Carmichael, 1819 (= junior synonym of N. monodactylus Carmichael, 1819) by original designation].</p><p>Etymology. Gender masculine. Derived from the Greek nema (filament) and daktylos (finger) for the elongated pectoral fin rays.</p><p>Inclusive species. Nemadactylus macropterus (Forster) (type species), N. bergi (Norman), N. douglasii (Hector), N. gayi (Kner), N. monodactylus (Carmichael), N. rex Roberts, N. valenciennesi (Whitley), N. vemae (Penrith)</p><p>Diagnosis. Nemadactylus can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin elements XVI–XVIII, 2 4–31; anal-fin elements III, 11–19; pectoral-fin rays 14–16 with one greatly elongated ray that extends past the origin of the anal-fin; body ovoid and compressed without any greatly elongated dorsal-fin spines; dorsal head profile shallow; spinous and soft dorsal-fin portions not separated by a large notch.</p><p>Habitat and distribution. Widely distributed throughout the temperate Southern Hemisphere. Occur in Australia, New Zealand, South America, and oceanic islands within the Southern Ocean. Typically found on rocky reefs, or sandy habitat near rocky reefs to 400m (Kuiter 2003).</p><p>Comments. Feed on a variety of benthic invertebrates. Some species targeted in both recreational and commercial fisheries.</p><p>Material examined. N. bergi, ANSP 102720 [n=1, Argentina: Buenos Aires]; N. douglasii, NMV A13196 [n=5, Australia: New South Wales: Merimbula]; N. gayi, USNM 176401 [n=3], USNM 176402 [n=1]; N. macropterus, CAS 58782 [n=2, New Zealand: Wellington Harbor], NMV A21603 [n=5, Australia: Tasmania: Flinders Island], USNM 39674 [n=1]; N. valenciennesi, NMV A12627 [n=2, Australia: Victoria: Cape Duquesne], WAM P21896 [n=1, Australia: Western Australia: Esperance] .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/43283970FFF00A7EFF564D74FCCEFE20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ludt, William B.;Burridge, Christopher P.;Chakrabarty, Prosanta	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
