taxonID	type	description	language	source
43283970FFF80A75FF564B74FB45F9DC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Diagnosis follows that of Kimura et al. (2018) and Smith (1980) for Cheilodactylus. The family can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters: body compressed and ovoid, with small, terminal to subterminal mouth with large lips; eyes moderate size; two pairs of nostrils with cirri on the lower pair of nostrils; no bony processes on frontal bone or maxilla; teeth small, villiform in several rows, absent from vomer and palatines. Dorsal-fin elements XVII – XX, 19 – 25; anal-fin elements III, 9 – 11; pectoral-fin rays 14 with ventral 4 – 5 thickened and unbranched. Dorsal-fin continuous with no division between spinous and soft portions; spines increasing in length to sixth spine, and decreasing thereafter; second dorsal ray longest. Gas bladder absent; three supraneurals, with first supraneural preceding first neural spine and second and third supraneural between first and second neural spines in the arrangement of 0 / 0 + 0 / 2 + 1 / 1 / 1 (Fig. 2). Lateral-line scales 78 – 85; scales small and cycloid; scaly sheath present at base of dorsal and anal-fins. Cheilodactylidae can be further differentiated from Cirrhitidae by dorsal spines lacking cirri (versus present), and from both Chironemidae and Aplodactylidae by higher anal-fin ray counts and a more laterally compressed, deeper body. Cheilodactylidae can be further differentiated from Latridae by the absence of a gas bladder, by late-stage larvae lacking a ‘ paperfish’ stage (Dudnik 1977), and by the arrangement of supraneurals with the first neural spine (see family diagnosis for Latridae below).	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF80A77FF5649F2FEEAFE52.taxon	description	(Fig. 3)	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF80A77FF5649F2FEEAFE52.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Gender masculine. Derived from the Greek cheilos (lip) for the fleshy lips of these species, and daktylos (finger) for the lower, unbranched pectoral fin rays. Inclusive species. Cheilodactylus fasciatus Lacépède (type species), C. pixi Smith	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF80A77FF5649F2FEEAFE52.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. As per family diagnosis. Habitat and distribution. Both C. fasciatus and C. pixi occur in cooler waters from Namibia, to Natal, South Africa. These species can be found in shallow, coastal rocky habitats and are common to 30 m depth. However, both C. fasciatus and C. pixi have been observed at 97 m and 120 m, respectively (Smith & Heemstra 1986). These species generally stay close to the benthos where they hide among rocks and other rubble (Smith 1980). Tidepools are thought to be an important nursery habitat for juvenile C. fasciatus in South Africa (Beckley 1985).	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF80A77FF5649F2FEEAFE52.taxon	discussion	Comments. These species range in size from 180 mm for C. pixi, to 300 mm for C. fasciatus (Smith 1980). Both species are primarily benthic invertivores (Smith & Heemstra 1986, Griffiths & Lechanteur 2003).	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF80A77FF5649F2FEEAFE52.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. C. fasciatus, ROM 0 50995 [n = 6, South Africa: Port Alfred]; C. pixi, AMS I. 37729 [n = 5, South Africa: Tsitsikama], ANSP 97464 [n = 1, Mozambique: Maputo Bay], CAS 45331 [n = 1 (paratype), South Africa: Algoa Bay], USNM 221144 [n = 1 (paratype), South Africa: Algoa Bay], USNM 385232 [n = 6, South Africa: Tsitsikama].	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFFA0A77FF564D74FE3CFC4C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Latridae can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters: body ovoid to elongate and compressed or round in cross-section; dorsal-fin elements XV – XXV, 22 – 44; anal-fin elements III, 7 – 37; pectoralfin rays 14 with ventral rays thick and unbranched. Gas bladder present; supraneurals never in the arrangement of Cheilodactylidae — all genera except Mendosoma with two supraneurals prior to first dorsal pterygiophore in arrangement of 0 + 0 / 2; no cirri on dorsal-fin elements. Latridae can be distinguished from all other cirrhitoids by having two supraneurals preceding the first neural spine, except for Mendosoma, which can be distinguished by having a single dorsal-fin spine articulating with the first dorsal pterygiophore (as opposed to two in all other families within Cirrhitoidei; Fig. 2). While not all larvae have been described, Latridae remains the only family in Cirrhitoidei to exhibit a late-larval ‘ paperfish’ stage where larvae have deep bodies with a strong ventral keel adapted for pelagic life.	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFFA0A78FF564B02FDB4FDC4.taxon	description	(Fig. 4)	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFFA0A78FF564B02FDB4FDC4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Gender masculine. Derived from the Greek cheir (hand) and daktylos (finger) for the long, unbranched lower pectoral fin rays observed in this genus. Inclusive species. C. variegatus (Valenciennes) (type species), C. brachydactylus (Cuvier), C. grandis (Günther), C. jessicalenorum Smith, C. spectabilis (Hutton)	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFFA0A78FF564B02FDB4FDC4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Chirodactylus can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin elements XVII – XVIII, 22 – 31; anal-fin elements III, 7 – 10; pectoral-fin rays 14 with ventral 6 – 7 unbranched and thickened; lateral-line scales 46 – 56. Body ovoid and compressed; dorsal profile of head slight to moderate; dorsal-fin increasing gradually in length to 5 th or 6 th spine, decreasing thereafter; no bony processes on frontal bones medially to orbit or anterior to maxilla. Habitat and distribution. Chirodactylus brachydactylus, C. grandis, and C. jessicalenorum occur off the coast of South Africa to 240 m (Smith 1980). Chirodactylus variegatus occurs in the southeast Pacific off the coast of Chile and Peru, and C. spectabilis occurs in the north island of New Zealand, Tasmania, and occasionally in southern mainland Australia.	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFFA0A78FF564B02FDB4FDC4.taxon	discussion	Comments. Smith (1980) noted the convoluted taxonomic history of the genus, which is briefly described here. Gill (1862) erected Chirodactylus to include C. antonii Valenciennes 1833 (type species), C. variegatus Valenciennes 1833, and C. grandis Günther 1860. Barnard (1927) later described Palunolepis with P. grandis as the type species. Chirodactylus variegatus was later considered a senior synonym to C. antonii (de Buen 1959). In a review of Australian cheilodactylids, Allen and Heemstra (1976) regarded several genera, including Chirodactylus (but not Palunolepis), as junior synonyms to Cheilodactylus. Chirodactylus was later resurrected in a comparison of South African morwongs by Smith (1980), who included C. brachydactylus, C. jessicalenorum, C. grandis, and C. variegatus. However, the latter species was not recognized by all (see list of recognized species in Eschmeyer et al. 2019). Recently this genus was synonymized once again with Goniistius, similarly to the classification proposed by Allen & Heemstra (1976), due to low resolution in the topology recovered by Kimura et al. (2018). The genus is re-elevated and expanded here to include C. variegatus (senior synonym of C. antonii, type species) and C. spectabilis based on strongly supported molecular evidence and morphological characters. Chirodactylus is superficially similar to Goniistius, but can be distinguished by a shallower dorsal head profile, a lack of bony processes on the frontal bones and maxilla, and a lack of a greatly enlarged 4 th dorsal-fin spine.	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFFA0A78FF564B02FDB4FDC4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. C. brachydactylus, USNM 93652 [n = 1, South Africa: Western Cape], USNM 153508 [n = 2, South Africa: Western Cape], ANSP 97440 [n = 1, Mozambique: Maputo Bay]; C. jessicalenorum, USNM 221145 [n = 3, South Africa: Natal]; C. spectabilis, NMV A 22205 [n = 1, Australia: New South Wales: Green Cape], NMV A 14 [n = 1, Australia: Victoria], NMV A 44 [n = 1, Australia: Victoria: Welshpool], NMV A 24816 [n = 1, Australia: Victoria: Little Ram Head Point]; C. variegatus, CAS 8447 [n = 4, Peru: Lima: Bay of Callao], USNM 77517 [n = 1], USNM 128061 [n = 4].	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF50A78FF564BC3FC2EF851.taxon	description	(Fig. 5)	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF50A78FF564BC3FC2EF851.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Gender masculine. Derived from the Greek daktylos (finger) and pherein (to carry). Inclusive species. Dactylophora nigricans (Richardson) (type by monotypy)	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF50A78FF564BC3FC2EF851.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dactylophora can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin elements XV – XVI, 24 – 26; anal-fin elements III, 9 – 10; pectoral-fin rays 14 with ventral 5 unbranched and thickened; lateralline scales 45 – 55. Height of soft dorsal fin roughly equal to height of spinous portion. Elongate body with shallow dorsal head profile; body cylindrical in cross section; scales cycloid and large on body; eyes moderate size; no bony processes on frontal bones or maxilla. Habitat and distribution. Found by rocky reefs, weeds and seagrasses to 30 m (Kuiter 1993). Distributed along the southern coast of Australia and northern Tasmania.	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF50A78FF564BC3FC2EF851.taxon	discussion	Comments. Distinguished from all other latrids by a long, cylindrical body that lacks both a pointed snout and high anal-fin ray counts. Can acquire large adult sizes, reaching 1.2 m TL (Kuiter 1993).	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF50A78FF564BC3FC2EF851.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. D. nigricans, LACM 52122 [n = 1, Australia], NMV A 17775 [n = 1, Australia: Victoria: Port Phillip Bay], NMV A 13967 [n = 1, Australia: Victoria: Port Phillip Bay], NMV A 25379 - 001 [n = 1, Australia: Victoria: Port Phillip Bay], USNM 440480 [n = 1, Australia: Tasmania].	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF40A7AFF564DB4FB70FBFC.taxon	description	(Fig. 6)	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF40A7AFF564DB4FB70FBFC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Gender masculine. Derived from the Greek - gon (angled), and the Greek istion (sail) for the oblique bars found on many species. Inclusive species. Goniistius zonatus (Cuvier) (type species), G. francisi (Burridge), G. gibbosus (Richardson), G. plessisi (Randall), G. quadricornis (Günther), G. rubrolabiatus (Allen & Heemstra), G. vestitus (Castelnau), G. vittatus (Garrett), G. zebra (Döderlein)	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF40A7AFF564DB4FB70FBFC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Diagnosis as in Randall (1983) using the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin elements XVI – XVIII, 29 – 35; anal-fin elements III, 8 – 12; lateral-line scales 54 – 71; pectoral-fin rays 14 with ventral 6 thickened and unbranched; pectoral-fin rays not extending to anal-fin origin. Body ovoid and compressed; lips large and fleshy; bony processes commonly found on the frontal bone medially to the orbit or anteriorly on the maxilla except for G. rubrolabiatus and G. zonatus; dorsal profile of head steep and resulting in a deep body for all species except G. rubrolabiatus. All species with multiple angled bars along the body and head, which are black and white in most species (reddish brown in G. rubrolabiatus, and yellow in G. zonatus). Habitat and distribution. This genus has an anti-tropical distribution in the Pacific (Randall 1983). In the Southern Hemisphere they are found in the temperate waters off eastern and western Australia and two species occur among south Pacific islands, including Easter Island. Members of this genus also occur in the Northern Hemisphere in Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan, and Hawaii. Members of Goniistius are commonly found in rocky reef areas consuming invertebrates from the substrate.	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF40A7AFF564DB4FB70FBFC.taxon	discussion	Comments. In their revision of Australian morwongs, Allen and Heemstra (1976) placed several genera, including Goniistius, in synonymy with Cheilodactylus because many of these genera were erected due to morphological differences with the type species, C. fasciatus. Since then, Goniistius was treated as a valid subgenus of Cheilodactylus by many authors (Randall 1983, Burridge & White 2000), and several suggested reelevating Goniistius (Randall 2005). Kimura et al. (2018) distinguished C. fasciatus, and C. pixi, as entirely distinct from all Australian morwongs, and elevated Goniistius as a genus within the Latridae while also expanding it to include all species historically associated with Chirodactylus. Of all species in this genus, G. rubrolabiatus appears to be the most phenotypically distinct, lacking the elevated dorsal head profile, the elongated 4 th dorsal-fin spine, and the black and white coloration. However, molecular evidence strongly supports its placement within the genus.	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF40A7AFF564DB4FB70FBFC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. G. francisi, AMS I 27139 - 006 [n = 1, Australia: Tasman Sea: Middleton Reef], AMS I 42728 - 001 [n = 1, Australia: Lord Howe Island], AMS I 27134 - 003 [n = 1, Australia: Tasman Sea: Middleton Reef], USNM 47814 [n = 1]; G. gibbosus WAM P 25999 - 001 [n = 1, Australia: Western Australia: Point Peron], WAM P 24836 [n = 1, Australia: Western Australia: Irwin Inlet], WAM P 21780 - 001 [n = 1, Australia: Western Australia: Swan River], WAM P 25270 - 001 [n = 1, Australia: Western Australia: Hardy Inlet], WAM P 25072 [n = 1, Australia: Western Australia: Harding River], USNM 84377 [n = 1]; G. plessisi CAS 47908 [n = 1 (paratype), French Polynesia: Easter Island], USNM 226553 [n = 1 (paratype), French Polynesia: Easter Island], USNM 378135 [n = 1, French Polynesia: Easter Island]; G. rubrolabiatus WAM 25225 [n = 1 (holotype), Australia: Western Australia: Fremantle], WAM P 22580 [n = 1 (paratype), Australia: Western Australia: Rockingham], WAM P 5562 [n = 1, Australia: Western Australia: Rottnest Island], WAM P 5925 [n = 1, Australia: Western Australia: Trigg Island], USNM 214831 [n = 1 (paratype), Australia: Western Australia: Cockburn Sound]; G. vestitus AMS I 41831 - 003 [n = 1, Australia: New South Wales: Iron Peg Point], AMS I 4858 - 005 [n = 1, Australia: New South Wales: Clarence River], CAS 20400 [n = 1, Australia: Queensland: Moreton Bay], NMV 54113 [n = 1, Australia: New South Wales: Port Jackson]; G. vittatus CAS 20386 [n = 2, United States: Hawaii: Oahu: Honolulu], USNM 126514 [n = 1, United States: Hawaii]; G. zebra CAS 23483 [n = 1, Japan: Kanagawa Prefecture: Misaki], USNM 56431 [n = 1]; G. zonatus CAS 13996 [n = 3, China: Hong Kong: Cape D’Aguilar], USNM 71062 [n = 1, Japan: Osaka Prefecture: Misaki].	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF70A7BFF564B92FC4AFEBB.taxon	description	(Fig. 7)	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF70A7BFF564B92FC4AFEBB.taxon	description	Orqueta Jordan, 1919: 344 [Type-species: Micropteryx polycentrus Kner, 1868 as a replacement name for Micropus Kner, 1868, four times preoccupied].	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF70A7BFF564B92FC4AFEBB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Gender feminine. Derived from the Greek latris (slave) and opsis (appearance). Inclusive species. Latridopsis ciliaris (Forster) (type species), Latridopsis forsteri (Castelnau)	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF70A7BFF564B92FC4AFEBB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Latridopsis can be diagnosed with the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin elements XVI – XVII, 37 – 43; anal-fin elements III, 31 – 37; pectoral-fin rays 16 – 19; pectoral-fin rays not greatly elongated, upper rays longer than lower rays, distal edges of fins rounded. Body moderately ovoid to elongate and highly compressed laterally; caudal peduncle thin; snout pointed with a terminal mouth; lips not as enlarged as other species in Latridae; strong notch between spinous and soft dorsal-fins; dorsal-fin spines not enlarged and none that are significantly longer than others; anal-fin long and reaching caudal peduncle. Body gray in appearance; scales cycloid. Habitat and distribution. Tasmania, southeastern Australia and New Zealand. Demersal species, generally found near rocky reefs to 160 m (Roberts 2015).	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF70A7BFF564B92FC4AFEBB.taxon	discussion	Comments. These species feed on a variety of benthic invertebrates. They are generally solitary, or in small groups, but migrate in large schools (Kuiter 1993). Commercially harvested in parts of their range (Roberts 2015). Material examined. L. ciliaris CAS 58777 [n = 1, New Zealand: Cape Wanbrow]; L. forsteri, AMS I 17556 - 0 10 [n = 1, Australia: Tasmania: Granville Harbour], USNM 226548 [n = 1].	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF60A7BFF564CC9FC99F92D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Gender masculine. Derived from the Greek word latris (slave). Inclusive species. Latris lineata (Forster) (type species), Latris pacifica Roberts	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF60A7BFF564CC9FC99F92D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Diagnosis follows that of Roberts (2003) with the following combination of characters: elongate, compressed body; eye small; terminal mouth; caudal peduncle thin, with caudle fin strongly forked; dorsal-fin elements XVII – XX, 33 - 44; anal-fin elements III, 2 6 – 37; pectoral-fin rays 16 – 19 with 6 – 9 branched rays; pectoralfin rays not reaching anal-fin origin; 98 – 125 lateral line scales; 37 – 43 vertebrae; scales small and cycloid. Habitat and distribution. Found throughout the temperate Southern Hemisphere, with the exception of South Africa, to 300 m in rocky regions (Roberts 2003).	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF60A7BFF564CC9FC99F92D.taxon	discussion	Comments. Latris lineata is popular in commercial fisheries, and can live to 43 years (Roberts 2015). Less is known of L. pacifica, although it too may be harvested in large numbers but misidentified as L. lineata. Larvae are adapted to a long pelagic ‘ paper fish’ stage that allow for long-distance dispersal. There is an extensive taxonomic history of this genus outlined in Roberts (2003).	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF60A7BFF564CC9FC99F92D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. L. lineata USNM 176770 [n = 1, New Zealand: Auckland], CSIRO H 4944 [n = 1, Australia: Tasmania:], CSIRO H 4945 [n = 1, Australia].	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF60A7CFF5649E1FB64FDC7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Gender neuter. Derived from Venetian mendole (fish), and the Greek soma (body). Inclusive species. Mendosoma lineatum Guinchenot (type by monotypy) Diagnosis. Mendosoma is diagnosed from all other latrids by having a combination of the following characters: dorsal-fin elements XXII – XXV, 23 – 27; anal-fin elements III, 17 – 21; pectoral-fin rays 16 – 19; vertebrae 42 – 46. Body elongate with a pointed snout and terminal mouth; mouth highly protrusible; eye moderate; no teeth on lower jaw; scales small and cycloid; supraneurals arranged 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 + 1 / 1 + 1 / 1 (Fig. 2 j). Habitat and distribution. Found throughout the temperate waters of the Southern Hemisphere from Tasmania, southern Australia, New Zealand and southern Chile. Commonly found in tide pools and in the water column near rocky reefs to 22 m (Roberts 2015).	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF60A7CFF5649E1FB64FDC7.taxon	discussion	Comments. Distinguished from all other latrids by the unique supraneural arrangement with a single dorsal-fin spine articulating with the first dorsal pterygiophore, the elongate, tubular body, and the pointed, highly protrusible mouth. Feeds on zooplankton in the water column. Five species of Mendosoma have been described in the literature, but here we take the conservative approach of only recognizing a single species based on the detailed results of Gon & Heemstra (1987).	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF60A7CFF5649E1FB64FDC7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. M. lineatum, CSIRO H 2377 - 01 [n = 1, Australia: Tasmania], CSIRO T 1119 [n = 1, Australia: Tasmania: Maria Island], NVM A 19874 [n = 1, Australia], NVM A 11395 [n = 1, Australia].	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF10A7DFF564D88FDE4FE53.taxon	description	(Fig. 8)	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF10A7DFF564D88FDE4FE53.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Gender masculine. Derived from an aboriginal word for fish. Inclusive species. Morwong fuscus (Castelnau) (type species), M. ephippum (McCulloch & Waite)	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF10A7DFF564D88FDE4FE53.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Morwong can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin elements XVI – XVIII, 30 – 35; anal-fin elements III, 8 – 9; lateral-line scales 59 – 66; pectoral-fin rays 13 – 14 with ventral 5 – 6 rays thickened and unbranched. Can be distinguished from Goniistius by a shallower dorsal head profile, and a shorter 4 th dorsal-fin spine, and from Chirodactylus by a higher lateral-line scale count (59 – 66 in Morwong versus 46 – 56 in Chirodactylus) and higher dorsal-fin soft ray count (30 – 35 in Morwong versus 22 – 31 in Chirodactylus). Color generally brown to brownish red. Habitat and distribution. Occurs off the southeast coast of Australia, the northern island of New Zealand, and islands of the Tasman Sea, to 50 m among rocky reef habitats.	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF10A7DFF564D88FDE4FE53.taxon	discussion	Comments. Originally erected by Whitley (1957), Morwong was described as distinct from other members of Cheilodactylus by the number of dorsal-fin elements and lateral line scales, as well as ‘ transverse dark bars’ on the body. These diagnostic characters remain largely valid when compared to Cheilodactylidae as recognized herein (restricted to two species in South Africa). Both species of Morwong are largely brown to brownish red, a character only shared with G. rubrolabiatus, but absent from any other members of the family. Kimura et al. (2018) placed these two species within Goniistius, however, they are easily distinguished from other species in Goniistius, and have never been historically included in that subgenus (see Randall 1983).	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF10A7DFF564D88FDE4FE53.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. M. ephippium, AMS I 20493 - 001 [n = 1, Australia: New South Wales: Broughton Island], AMS I 20255 - 001 [n = 1, Australia: New South Wales: Norfolk Island], AMS I 27891 - 026 [n = 1, Australia: Tasman Sea: Elizabeth Reef], AMS I 24294 - 001 [n = 1, Australia: New South Wales: Montague Island]; M. fuscus, AMS I 24982 - 001 [n = 1, Australia: New South Wales: Manly], ANSP 122393 [n = 1, Australia: Queensland: Bribie Island], CAS 20803 [n = 1, Australia: New South Wales: Port Jackson], NMV 54265 [n = 1, Australia: New South Wales: Port Jackson], USNM 59938 [n = 1].	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF00A7EFF564D74FCCEFE20.taxon	description	(Fig. 9)	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF00A7EFF564D74FCCEFE20.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Gender masculine. Derived from the Greek nema (filament) and daktylos (finger) for the elongated pectoral fin rays. Inclusive species. Nemadactylus macropterus (Forster) (type species), N. bergi (Norman), N. douglasii (Hector), N. gayi (Kner), N. monodactylus (Carmichael), N. rex Roberts, N. valenciennesi (Whitley), N. vemae (Penrith)	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF00A7EFF564D74FCCEFE20.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Nemadactylus can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin elements XVI – XVIII, 2 4 – 31; anal-fin elements III, 11 – 19; pectoral-fin rays 14 – 16 with one greatly elongated ray that extends past the origin of the anal-fin; body ovoid and compressed without any greatly elongated dorsal-fin spines; dorsal head profile shallow; spinous and soft dorsal-fin portions not separated by a large notch. Habitat and distribution. Widely distributed throughout the temperate Southern Hemisphere. Occur in Australia, New Zealand, South America, and oceanic islands within the Southern Ocean. Typically found on rocky reefs, or sandy habitat near rocky reefs to 400 m (Kuiter 2003).	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF00A7EFF564D74FCCEFE20.taxon	discussion	Comments. Feed on a variety of benthic invertebrates. Some species targeted in both recreational and commercial fisheries.	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
43283970FFF00A7EFF564D74FCCEFE20.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. N. bergi, ANSP 102720 [n = 1, Argentina: Buenos Aires]; N. douglasii, NMV A 13196 [n = 5, Australia: New South Wales: Merimbula]; N. gayi, USNM 176401 [n = 3], USNM 176402 [n = 1]; N. macropterus, CAS 58782 [n = 2, New Zealand: Wellington Harbor], NMV A 21603 [n = 5, Australia: Tasmania: Flinders Island], USNM 39674 [n = 1]; N. valenciennesi, NMV A 12627 [n = 2, Australia: Victoria: Cape Duquesne], WAM P 21896 [n = 1, Australia: Western Australia: Esperance].	en	Ludt, William B., Burridge, Christopher P., Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2019): A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters. Zootaxa 4585 (1): 121-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7
