identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
424587ABFFE1EE21FEC5FBC481B1FBB7.text	424587ABFFE1EE21FEC5FBC481B1FBB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bopyridae Rafinesque-Schmaltz 1815	<div><p>Family BOPYRIDAE Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1815</p> <p>Subfamily Orbioninae R. Codreanu, 1967 Genus Parapenaeonella Shiino, 1949 Parapenaeonella distincta Shiino, 1949</p> <p>(Figures 1–7)</p> <p>Type species: Parapenaeonella distincta Shiino, 1949, by monotypy</p> <p>Parapenaeonella distincta Shiino, 1949: 59–60, fig. 1 [type locality: Choshi Fish Market, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, infesting Trachysalambria curvirostris (Stimpson, 1860)]. Shiino, 1958: 50–51, fig. 12 [Aritaki, Tsu and Momotori, Mie Prefecture, Japan, depth not stated; infesting T. curvirostris). Bourdon, 1981: 253–255, figs. 14–15 [13 ◦ 59.8 ′ N, 120 ◦ 23.7 ′ E to 14 ◦ 00.9 ′ N, 120 ◦ 21.5 ′ E, Philippines, 217–230 m depth, infesting unidentified Penaeidae sp.]. Owens, 1986: 15 (list). Owens, 1987: 121 (list). An, 2006: 156–157, fig. 80 [Guangdong Province, China; infesting Metapenaeus affinis (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837)].</p> <p>Parapenoeonella (sic) distincta Bourdon, 1968: 406–407 (list).</p> <p>Parapenaeonella lamellata Bourdon, 1979: 425–428, figs. 1–3 [17 ◦ 54 ′ N, 72 ◦ 27 ′ E to 17 ◦ 57 ′ N, 72 ◦ 23 ′ E, Arabian Sea off the Indian coast, 46–55 m depth, infesting Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius, 1798); 15 ◦ 08 ′ N, 94 ◦ 54 ′ E, Andaman Sea midway between Andaman Islands and Burmese coast, 35 m depth, infesting Metapenaeus ensis (De Haan, 1844)]. Bourdon, 1981: 255 (comparison with P. distincta). Markham, 1982: 365 (mention). Miquel, 1982: 94 (mention). Owens and Glazebrook, 1985: 107 [Gulf of Carpentaria, Northern Territory / Queensland, Australia, infesting M. ensis]. Owens, 1986: 15, 84, 98 [Gulf of Carpentaria, Northern Territory / Queensland, Australia, infesting M. ensis]. Owens, 1987: 118 (list). Owens, 1990: 35, 37 [Queensland, Australia, infesting M. ensis and Metapenaeus endeavouri (Schmitt, 1926)]. Owens, 1993: 384 (mention). Humphrey, 1995: table 48 (list). Kensley, 2001: 225 (list). Kazmi et al. 2002: 55, fig. 8 (after Bourdon, 1979). Poore, 2002: 126 (list). An, 2006: 160–161, plate 13 [Qingdao fish market, Shandong Province, China; infesting Trachypenaeus curvirostris]. Markham, 2010 (list) (syn. nov.).</p> <p>Parapenaeolla (sic) lamellata Kazmi et al. 2002: 54 (list).</p> <p>Parapenaeonella gigans sp. nov. An, 2006: 157–159, fig. 81 [The Yellow Sea, China; infesting Trachypenaeus curvirostris] (unavailable name).</p> <p>Parapenaeonella longicauda sp. nov. An, 2006: 159, fig. 82, plate 12 [[Qingdao fish market, Shandong Province, China; infesting Trachypenaeus curvirostris] (unavailable name).</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Infesting Metapenaeus affinis (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837), det. of host, Ruiyu Liu. CIEPE621601, ♀, ♂, Guangdong Province, 22 ◦ 26 ′ N, 113 ◦ 43 ′ E, 2 March 1956, coll. Baoling Wu.</p> <p>Infesting Trachysalambria curvirostris (Stimpson, 1860). CIEPE010401, ♀, CIEPE010402, ♂, Yellow Sea, Stn. D8, 36 ◦ 02 ′ N, 120 ◦ 22 ′ E, 83 m, 2 April 2001. CIEPE041201, 10♀♀, 10♂♂, CIEPE041202, 2♀♀, 2♂♂, CIEPE041203, 2♀♀, 2♂♂, CIEPE041205, 2♀♀, 2♂♂, CIEPE041206, 2♀♀, 2♂♂, CIEPE041204-1, ♀, CIEPE041204-2, ♂, CIEPE041204-3, ♀, CIEPE041204-4, ♂, CIEPE041201-1, ♀, ♂, bought from Qingdao fish market by Fengshan Xu.</p> <p>Description of reference female (CIEPE041204-1)</p> <p>Length 12.23 mm, maximal width 8.98 mm across third pereomere, head length 2.12 mm, head width 2.49 mm. All body regions and segments distinct, nearly symmetrical. No pigmentation (Figure 1A, B).</p> <p>Head heart-shaped, frontal lamina broad, laterally expanded, wider than head; eyes lacking (Figure 1A). Antennae and antennules of six and three articles, respectively (Figure 1C), without setae. Barbula (Figure 1D) with two digitate projections on each side, external projections slightly larger; three or four tubercules near internal projections. Maxilliped (Figure 1E) with curved palp, anterior article much larger than posterior one.</p> <p>Pereomeres distinct, third one broadest. All pereomeres with conspicuous coxal plates on both sides. Dorsolateral bosses on both sides of first four pereomeres and obscure on right fifth pereomere. Brood pouch completely covered by oostegites. First oostegite (Figure 1F, G) with digitate internal ridge and round posterolateral point. Pereopods larger posteriorly, basal articles with tubercules on surface, dactyli embedded in propodi (Figure 1H, I).</p> <p>Pleon of six pleomeres, first five produced into lateral plates, tuberculate on ventral surface except first lateral plates (Figure 1J). All pleopods biramous, strongly tuberculate and visible only ventrally (Figure 1B). First pleopod (Figure 1K) lamellar, much larger than other pleopods, endopodite larger than exdopodite. Second to fifth pleopods (Figure 1L–O) progressively smaller posteriorly. Uniramous uropods strongly tubercular.</p> <p>Description of reference male (CIEPE041204-2)</p> <p>Length 3.63 mm, maximal width (across fifth pleomere) 1.77 mm, head width 0.83 mm, pleonal length 0.84 mm. All pereon segments distinct, but pleon fused in median part (Figures 2A, B, 3A).</p> <p>Head an inverted triangle, bearing small eyes near anterior edge (Figure 2A). Antennae and antennules of six and three articles, respectively; total length of antennae slightly more than twice length of antennules, terminal setae present (Figure 3B, C).</p> <p>Fifth pereomere widest; all pereomeres laterally acuminating, posteriorly sharply pointed. Midventral projections lacking (Figures 2B, 3A). All pereopods subequal in size and shape, each with ridged, grooved protuberance on distoventral surface of propodus into which dactyli insert (Figure 3D, E).</p> <p>Pleon of six pleomeres, fused in median region, separated by lateral margin (Figure 2B). First five pleomeres with lateral plates and long and filiform uniramous pleopods (Figures 2B, 3A). Sixth pleomeres without lateral plates, but with long uropods similar to pleopods (Figure 2B).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>This is fifth record of this species, found only on penaeid hosts. The first two reports were from Japan with all other records from the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. Shiino (1949) erected the genus Parapenaeonlla based on the type species P. distincta Shiino, 1949, and described the species in detail. The key character of the genus is that the male has more or less distinct abdominal segments and posseses filiform pleopods. However, the figure of Shiino (1949: fig. 1C, D) shows the pleon of the male as incomplete, possibly broken. Shiino (1949) reported the abdomen as five-segmented and the first four pleomeres with lateral plates, but in Chinese specimens from the same host (Trachypenaeus curvirostris) as the type specimens, the male pleon has six segments, the first five bearing lateral plates (Figure 2A–D). Shiino (1949) described the male as lacking uropods, but in the present specimens uropods are present (Figure 2A, C). Shiino (1958) recorded this species again from the type host, but with the male abdominal segments entirely fused into a single triangular piece, the boundaries between consecutive segments being indicated merely by undulation of the lateral sides, indicating the presence of five fused segments, and with five pairs of tuberculate pleopods present. Some Chinese specimens are also found with fused abdomens of the Shiino (1958) type (Figures 2H, I, G, 3A, 4K, L, 5A, G).</p> <p>Bourdon (1979) described P. lamellata infesting Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius) and distinguished it from P. distincta, but he did not mention the specimens described by Shiino (1958) showing the male pleon variations. This was a critical oversight, as Bourdon’s male was very similar to the male in Shiino (1958). One present specimen (CIEPE621601) (Figure 6), also from a host in the genus Metapenaeus, shows the male (Figure 6J, K) with a distinct first pleomere and the first five pleomeres with triangular lateral plates and digitate pleopods. Because both male forms have been found on the type host from Japanese localities, and the males of Bourdon (1979) are nearly identical to those reported by Shiino (1958), we consider P. lamellata a synonym of P. distincta. Bourdon (1981) reported P. distincta infesting an unidentified penaeid from the Philippines with that male being similar to one of our Chinese males (Figure 6J, K).</p> <p>Based on the five reports to date of P. distinca and P. lamellata, we suggest that the developmental process of the male of P. distincta can be divided into three stages. In the first stage the male is immature and the pleon is entirely fused and the pleomeres obscure (Figures 2G, H, I, 4K, L, 5A); this can also be seen in fig. 12 of Shiino (1958) and figs 1b, 2e of Bourdon (1979). The middle stage has the male with distinct first pleomeres and digitate pleopods (Figures 2E, F, 6J, K, 7A, G and figs 14b, 15c of Bourdon, 1981). The last stage of the male is mature, with the pleon only fused in the median and with the first five pleomeres bearing filiform lateral plates and uniramous pleopods (Figures 2A–D, 3A and fig. 1C, D of Shiino, 1949).</p> <p>Earlier studies of this Chinese material by one of the authors (JA) resulted in the conclusion that two new species existed in the material, as well as P. distincta. Both P. gigans sp. nov. and P. longicauda sp. nov., were listed by name in her doctoral dissertation. For the reasons elaborated above, we now consider all these materials to represent one species with recognized variability in male pleon morphology. The names P. gigans and P. longicauda were not available from the dissertation (not a published work in the sense of the ICZN) and are introduced here in synonymy and are likewise not made available (ICZN Article 11.6). We include these names here to avoid future confusion regarding their status.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/424587ABFFE1EE21FEC5FBC481B1FBB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	An, Jianmei;Boyko, Christopher B.;Li, Xinzheng	An, Jianmei, Boyko, Christopher B., Li, Xinzheng (2013): A review of the genus Parapenaeonella (Isopoda: Bopyridae: Orbioninae), with description of a new species from Chinese waters and synonymy of Parapenaeonella lamellata Bourdon, 1979. Journal of Natural History 47 (41 - 42): 2633-2648, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.798703, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/61349c85-af55-34c9-b567-a5d9b0562918/
424587ABFFEFEE3CFE3FFB4182C1FC2A.text	424587ABFFEFEE3CFE3FFB4182C1FC2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parapenaeonella minutopoda An & Boyko & Li 2013	<div><p>Parapenaeonella minutopoda sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figure 8)</p> <p>Parapenaeonella sp. nov. An, 2006: 161–162, fig. 83 [The East China Sea, infesting Atypopenaeus compressipes (Henderson)]</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Infesting Atypopenaeus compressipes (Henderson, 1893). Holotype: CIEPE413301, ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.75/lat 29.5)">East</a> China Sea, Stn. 4133, 29 ◦ 30 ′ N, 122 ◦ 45 ′ E, 53 m, 10 December 1959, coll., Liren Chen. Allotype: CIEPE413302, ♂, same data as holotype. Paratypes: CIEPE407401, ♀, ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.0/lat 28.5)">East</a> China Sea, Stn. 4074, 28 ◦ 30 ′ N, 123 ◦ 00 ′ E, 77 m, 24 October 1959, coll., Liren Chen. Other materials: CIEPE608901, ♀, ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.5/lat 21.25)">South</a> China Sea, Stn. 6089, 21 ◦ 15 ′ N, 112 ◦ 30 ′ E, 41 m, 7 April 1960, coll., Xuan Zhang. CIEPE408002, ♀, ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.0/lat 28.0)">East</a> China Sea, Stn. 4080, 28 ◦ 00 ′ N, 122 ◦ 00 ′ E, 52 m, 7 April 1959, coll., Yulin Liao. CIEPE412801, ♀, ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.0/lat 30.0)">East</a> China Sea, Stn. 4128, 30 ◦ 00 ′ N, 123 ◦ 00 ′ E, 52 m, 25 October 1959, coll., Yuhang Cui. CIEPE408201, ♀, ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.0/lat 28.0)">East</a> China Sea, Stn. 4082, 28 ◦ 00 ′ N, 123 ◦ 00 ′ E, 80 m, 8 January 1959, coll., Guangyu Lin and Jinzhao Zhu. CIEPE406401, ♀, ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.0/lat 29.0)">East</a> China Sea, Stn. 4064, 29 ◦ 00 ′ N, 123 ◦ 00 ′ E, 61 m, 22 October 1959, coll., Guangyu Lin. CIEPE751001, 2♀♀, 2♂♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.0/lat 27.5)">East</a> China Sea, Stn. V-3, 27 ◦ 30 ′ N, 122 ◦ 00 ′ E, 75 m, 11 October 1975, coll., Zhichan Tang and Jianshan Xu. CIEPE407402, ♀, ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.0/lat 28.5)">East</a> China Sea, Stn. 4074, 28 ◦ 30 ′ N, 123 ◦ 00 ′ E, 77 m, 9 December 1959, coll., Yuhang Cui.</p> <p>Description of holotype (CIEPE413301)</p> <p>Length 8.43 mm, maximal width 5.13 mm across third pereomere, head length 1.55 mm, head width 1.67 mm, frontal lamina length 0.69 mm (Figure 8A, B).</p> <p>Head oval, anterior margin bilobate, frontal lamina well-developed, extending beyond lateral margins of head. Small eyes in boundary between head and frontal lamina (Figure 8A). Antennae and antennules of five and three articles, respectively (Figure 8C), setae lacking. Barbula (Figure 8D) with one large lateral digitate projection on each side, five to eight tuberculate projections near middle region. Maxilliped (Figure 8E) nearly triangular, palp smooth and straight.</p> <p>Pereon broadest across third pereomere. All pereomeres with lamellar coxal plates tapering to acuminate tips. Dorsolateral bosses on both sides of first four pereomeres (Figure 8A). Brood pouch open (Figure 8B). First oostegite (Figure 8F, G) with narrow and deep groove separating it into two articles externally, internal ridge bearing eight to ten small projections. Posterior margin curved with round and blunt posterolateral point. Pereopods larger posteriorly, each with basis produced into prominent tubercle (Figure 8H, I).</p> <p>Pleon of six pleomeres, first five produced into marginal serrated lateral plates, long and slender with terminal points. Five pairs of biramous pleopods with tuberculate surfaces, much shorter than corresponding lateral plates, not visible from dorsal view (Figure 8B). Uniramous uropods with tuberculate surfaces, twice length of fifth pleopod.</p> <p>Description of allotype male (CIEPE413302)</p> <p>Length 1.87 mm, maximal width across fifth pereomere, 0.89 mm, head length 0.48 mm, pleonal length 0.46 mm, first pleomeres width 0.62 mm. All pereomere segments distinct (Figure 8J, K).</p> <p>Head an inverted triangle, small eyes near anterior margin. Head and first pereomere distinctly separated (Figure 8J). Antennae and antennules of five and three articles, respectively, antennae bearing terminal setae (Figure 8L).</p> <p>Pereon broadest across fifth pereomere, margins of all pereomeres rounded. First five pereopods subequal in shape and size, last two pereopods with longer carpi and slightly shorter dactyli (Figure 8M, N).</p> <p>Pleon fused, first pleomeres visible in dorsal view, others only identifiable from lateral indentations. Midventral tubercle on first pleomere. First five pleomeres with tuberculate uniramous pleopods. Terminal segment curved ventrally, with elongate, uniramous uropods.</p> <p>Variation</p> <p>One female (CIEPE408201) has much longer uropods, equal in length to the lateral plates of the fifth pleomere. One female (CIEPE407402) without lateral plates on the first pereomere, possibly due to damage, and some fusion in the median of the pleon. One male (CIEPE407402) with slender filiform pleopods and the midventral tubercle of the first pleomere much larger, somewhat bifurcated, appearing as two tubercles.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The specific name, the word minutopoda, refers to the small pleopods of the female that cannot be seen in dorsal view.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>The present specimens belong to the genus Parapenaeonella by virtue of the welldeveloped lateral plates on all pereomeres of females and the distinct pleopods in males. Females of the new species differ from those of P. distincta in having a widely open brood pouch (completely closed in P. distincta). Also, females of the new species have small biramous pleopods much shorter than their lateral plates, and these cannot be seen in dorsal view (P. distincta with larger pleopods extending well beyond their lateral plates, visible in dorsal view). Third, the barbula of the new species is simple, with only one pair of projections (barbula of P. distincta with two pairs of projections). Finally, the male of the new species bears a midventral tubercle on the first pleomere (lacking such a tubercle in P. distincta).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/424587ABFFEFEE3CFE3FFB4182C1FC2A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	An, Jianmei;Boyko, Christopher B.;Li, Xinzheng	An, Jianmei, Boyko, Christopher B., Li, Xinzheng (2013): A review of the genus Parapenaeonella (Isopoda: Bopyridae: Orbioninae), with description of a new species from Chinese waters and synonymy of Parapenaeonella lamellata Bourdon, 1979. Journal of Natural History 47 (41 - 42): 2633-2648, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.798703, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/61349c85-af55-34c9-b567-a5d9b0562918/
