taxonID	type	description	language	source
417587B5C06CFFF7FF2EFE6649D584A2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Russell (1968 a), who placed all Recent genera in one of two tribes in the subfamily Geomyinae: Geomyini (Geomys, Pappogeomys, Orthogeomys, and Zygogeomys) and Thomomyini (Thomomys); he included Macrogeomys and Heterogeomys as subgenera of Orthogeomys, an action followed by more recent authors (Hall, 1981; Hafner, 1982, 1991), and Cratogeomys as a subgenus of Pappogeomys (see also Russell, 19686). The latter action was accepted by Hall (1981) but not by Jones et al. (1986), Lee and Baker (1987), Davidow-Henry et al. (1989), and Hollander (1990), who considered Cratogeomys as a separate genus. Platygeomys Merriam was synonymized with Pappogeomys by Hooper (1946). Phallic morphology has been reviewed by Williams (19826); Hafner (1982) reported on phylogenetic relationships based on biochemical characters; and Wahlert (1985) provided a classification of the superfamily Geomyoidea, including Geomyidae. Russell (1968 a) and Hall (1981) provided keys to Recent genera. Specific boundaries within all pocket gopher genera are often difficult to define because of an apparent inability to subdivide the subterranean niche and thus resultant allopatric distribution patterns (see Patton, 1990).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06CFFF7FF41F8524B938892.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Texas, El Paso Co., El Paso.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06CFFF7FF41F8524B938892.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Extreme W Texas, SW and SC New Mexico (USA); N Chihuahua (Mexico).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06CFFF7FF41F8524B938892.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Williams and Baker (1974, Mammalian Species, 36) and Williams and Genoways (1978). Considered as a subspecies of bursarius by Hafner and Geluso (1983). For subspecies, see Hall (1981).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06CFFF7FF2CFB6D4A0587D4.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Geomys pinetis Rafinesque, 1817.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06CFFF7FF2CFB6D4A0587D4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Merriam (1895 a). Specific boundaries in this genus are poorly defined. Complex relationships have been described for several definable geographic units based on a variety of contact zone analyses that have employed morphological, karyological, allozyme, and / or mitochondrial and nuclear DNA biochemical analyses. These have indicated varying degrees of hybridization between geographically differentiated forms, and authors vary in their recognition of these entities at the specific or subspecific levels. While the rather traditional species (arenarius, bursarius, personatus, pinetis, and tropicalis; Hall, 1981) are clearly an inadequate representation of specific diversity in the genus (see Block and Zimmerman, 1991), this arrangement is followed here due to lack of a thorough geographic analysis throughout the range of the genus and a concensus among workers. Keys to the species of Geomys were published by Baker and Williams (1974) and Hall (1981).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06CFFF6FF46F6974C128220.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, upper Mississippi Valley (restricted to Minnesota, Sherburne Co., Elk River by Swenk, 1939).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06CFFF6FF46F6974C128220.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SC Manitoba (Canada) to NW Indiana, SW Louisiana, SC Texas, and EC New Mexico (USA).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06CFFF6FF46F6974C128220.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: For subspecies, see Hall (1981: 499 - 500). Revised by Merriam (1895 a) and, in part, by Honeycutt and Schmidly (1979). The form lutescens was considered as a valid species by Heaney and Timm (1983 a, 1985) but as a subspecies by Burns et al. (1985) and Sudman et al. (1987). Tucker and Schmidly (1981) and Williams and Cameron (1991) considered attwateri distinct from bursarius, as did Bradley et al. (1991) for knoxjonesi, Sulentich et al. (1991) for breviceps, and Block and Zimmerman (1991) for attwateri, breviceps, knoxjonesi, and texensis.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06DFFF6FE93FDC74BBB83C4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Texas, Cameron Co., Padre Island.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06DFFF6FE93FDC74BBB83C4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Texas, south of San Antonio and Del Rio, including Padre and Mustang Islands (USA); barrier beaches of extreme NE Tamaulipas (Mexico).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06DFFF6FE93FDC74BBB83C4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Davis (1940), Williams and Genoways (1981), and Williams (1982 a, Mammalian Species, 170).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06DFFF6FE93FC224ACA85E5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Georgia, in the region of the pines (restricted to Screven Co. by Harper, 1952).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06DFFF6FE93FC224ACA85E5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C Florida to S Georgia and S Alabama (USA).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06DFFF6FE93FC224ACA85E5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Mus tuza Barton, 1806, a senior synomym of pinetis according to Merriam (1895 a), was considered of uncertain application and not available by Harper (1952). Laerm (1981) supported the specific status of cumberlandius. Reviewed by Pembleton and Williams (1978, Mammalian Species, 86), Williams and Genoways (19806), and Wilkins (19876).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06DFFF6FE90FA3D4E76860C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Tamaulipas, Altamira.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06DFFF6FE90FA3D4E76860C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Vicinity of Altamira and Tampico in SE Tamaulipas (Mexico).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06DFFF6FE90FA3D4E76860C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Elevated to specific status by Alvarez (1963 a). Reviewed by Baker and Williams (1974, Mammalian Species, 35) and Williams and Genoways (1977).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06DFFF6FE93F84A4DF088C6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Panama, Chiriqui Prov., Boquete, 4,800 ft. (1,463 m).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06DFFF6FE93F84A4DF088C6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NW Panama to C Costa Rica.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06DFFF6FE93F84A4DF088C6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Macrogeomys. Reviewed by Goodwin (1946).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06DFFF6FE90F7214D1389EB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Costa Rica, Limón Prov., Santa Clara.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06DFFF6FE90F7214D1389EB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NC Costa Rica (see Hafner and Hafner, 1987; Hafner, 1991).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06DFFF6FE90F7214D1389EB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Macrogeomys. Revised by Goodwin (1946).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06DFFF6FE90F63C4E0C8A0C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Oaxaca, Zanatepec (corrected from Yautepec, Oaxaca by Elliot, 1907 a).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06DFFF6FE90F63C4E0C8A0C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06DFFF6FE90F63C4E0C8A0C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Orthogeomys. Reviewed by Nelson and Goldman (1930).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06DFFF6FF7EF9064E2887DD.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Geomys scalops Thomas, 1894.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06DFFF6FF7EF9064E2887DD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Russell (1968 a) revised the genus, and included Heterogeomys and Macrogeomys as valid subgenera. Biochemical systematics of species of subgenus Macrogeomys was presented by Hafner (1991). Species limits are poorly defined, as most are known from single localities or otherwise geogeographically restricted areas.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06DFFF5FE90F51B4CA5810F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Panama, Darien Prov., Cana, upper Rio Tuyra, 2,000 ft. (610 m).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06DFFF5FE90F51B4CA5810F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Panama.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06DFFF5FE90F51B4CA5810F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Macrogeomys. May include thaeleri.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06EFFF5FF7DFE184E778298.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Guatemala, Sacatepequez Prov., Dueftas.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06EFFF5FF7DFE184E778298.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Honduras to Jalisco (Mexico).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06EFFF5FF7DFE184E778298.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Orthogeomys. Burt and Stirton (1961) and Hall (1981) included pygacanthus in grandis; Russell (1968 a) considered it a distinct species.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06EFFF5FF7CFC8E4B8B846A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Costa Rica, exact locality unknown.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06EFFF5FF7CFC8E4B8B846A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C Costa Rica.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06EFFF5FF7CFC8E4B8B846A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Macrogeomys. Reviewed by Goodwin (1946). Phylogenetic relationships given by Hafner (1991).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06EFFF5FF42FBBC4B2185A3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico (restricted to Veracruz, near Jalapa, by Merriam, 1895 a).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06EFFF5FF42FBBC4B2185A3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Yucatan Peninsula, Belize, Guatemala, and NW Honduras, to S Tamaulipas (Mexico).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06EFFF5FF42FBBC4B2185A3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Heterogeomys. May include lanius (see Hall, 1981: 511 - 512). Revised by Nelson and Goldman (1929).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06EFFF5FF7DFA444EA6861E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Veracruz, Xuchil, SE side of Mt. Orizaba.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06EFFF5FF7DFA444EA6861E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06EFFF5FF7DFA444EA6861E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Heterogeomys. May be conspecific with hispidus (Hall, 1981: 512).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06EFFF5FF7DF9084B338758.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nicaragua, Matagalpa, Pefta Blanca.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06EFFF5FF7DF9084B338758.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NC Nicaragua to SC Honduras.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06EFFF5FF7DF9084B338758.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Macrogeomys.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06EFFF5FF42F8CC4D89882F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: ca. 7 km S. Bahia Solano, Municipio Bahia Solano, Depto. Chocó, Colombia, 100 m.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06EFFF5FF42F8CC4D89882F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Serrania de Baudó (extreme NW Colombia).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06EFFF5FF42F8CC4D89882F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Macrogeomys. May be conspecific with O. dariensis.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06EFFF5FF7DF7FE4B308951.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Costa Rica, San Jose Prov., Alto de Jabillo Pirris, between San Geronimo and Pozo Azul.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06EFFF5FF7DF7FE4B308951.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Central Pacific coast of Costa Rica.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06EFFF5FF7DF7FE4B308951.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Macrogeomys.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06EFFF4FF28F6FD4D28818A.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Geomys bulleri Thomas, 1892.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06EFFF4FF28F6FD4D28818A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Hooper (1946) included Platygeomys within Pappogeomys. Cratogeomys was recognized by Russell (1968 a, b) as a valid subgenus, a position followed by Hall (1981). Honeycutt and Williams (1982), based on a phylogenetic analysis of allozyme data, retained alcorni and bulleri in Pappogeomys, but considered Cratogeomys generically distinct, containing the remaining species listed by Russell. Lee and Baker (1987), Davidow-Henry et al. (1989), and Hollander (1990) followed Honeycutt and Williams in considering Cratogeomys a distinct genus. Available data (Russell, 1968 a, b; Honeycutt and Williams, 1982) support a sister-taxon relationship between Pappogeomys and Cratogeomys, but it remains a matter of personal opinion as to recognition status at the generic or subgeneric levels. Revision by Nelson and Goldman (1934; Cratogeomys only) and Russell (1968 b).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06FFFF4FE93FD9D4BEF82C6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Jalisco, 4 mi. (6 km) W. of Mazamitla, 6,600 ft. (2,012 m).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06FFFF4FE93FD9D4BEF82C6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Jalisco (Mexico), in Sierra del Tigre.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06FFFF4FE93FD9D4BEF82C6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Pappogeomys.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06FFFF4FE93FD204E478450.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Jalisco, Talpa, W slope Sierra de Mascota, 8,500 ft. (2,591 m) (probably about 5000 ft., 1500 m).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06FFFF4FE93FD204E478450.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Nayarit, Jalisco, and Colima (Mexico).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06FFFF4FE93FD204E478450.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Pappogeomys. Reviewed by Genoways and Jones (1969 a). Polytypic; subspecies reviewed by Russell (1968 b) and are listed in Hall (1981).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06FFFF4FE90FBD74B128755.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Colorado, Bent Co., along prairie road to Bent's Fort, near present town of Las Animas.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06FFFF4FE90FBD74B128755.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Colorado and SW Kansas (USA) to C San Luis Potosi (Mexico).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06FFFF4FE90FBD74B128755.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Cratogeomys. Russell (1968 b) delineated two subspecies groups, which are karyotypically distinct and may represent separate species (see Berry and Baker, 1972, and Lee and Baker, 1987). Reviewed by Davidow-Henry et al. (1989, Mammalian Species, 338, as Cratogeomys castanops); subspecies in the US were revised by Hollander (1990).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06FFFF4FE90F8CD4B168796.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Colima, 3 mi. (5 km) W of Colima, 1,700 ft. (518 m).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06FFFF4FE90F8CD4B168796.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Plain of E Colima (Mexico).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06FFFF4FE90F8CD4B168796.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Cratogeomys.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06FFFF4FE90F7934E9988BE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Jalisco, Zapotlân (= Ciudad Guzmân), 4,000 ft. (1,219 m).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06FFFF4FE90F7934E9988BE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S and C Jalisco and NE Michoacan (Mexico).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06FFFF4FE90F7934E9988BE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Cratogeomys. Polytypic; subspecies reviewed by Russell (1968 b).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06FFFF4FE90F7694E998A5F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, " Southern Mexico, " probably Valley of Mexico.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06FFFF4FE90F7694E998A5F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: WC Veracruz to Distrito Federal, Morelos, and surrounding areas, including SE Central Plateau and S Sierra Madre Oriental (Mexico).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06FFFF4FE90F7694E998A5F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Cratogeomys. Polytypic; subspecies reviewed by Russell (1968 b).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06FFFF3FE90F5C84B3B8108.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Querétaro, Cerro de la Calentura, about 8 mi (13 km) NW of Pinal de Amoles, 9,500 ft. (2,896 m).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06FFFF3FE90F5C84B3B8108.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06FFFF3FE90F5C84B3B8108.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Cratogeomys.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C068FFF3FF7DFE1F4EA48219.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Hidalgo, Tula, 6,800 ft. (2,073 m).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C068FFF3FF7DFE1F4EA48219.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Distrito Federal and Hidalgo to C Jalisco (Mexico).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C068FFF3FF7DFE1F4EA48219.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Cratogeomys. Polytypic; subspecies reviewed by Russell (1968 b).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C068FFF3FF7DFD0F4B3A8355.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Jalisco, Lagos, 6,150 ft. (1,875 m).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C068FFF3FF7DFD0F4B3A8355.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE Jalisco (Mexico).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C068FFF3FF7DFD0F4B3A8355.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Cratogeomys.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C068FFF3FF2BFCFE4CB68560.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Thomomys rufescens Wied-Neuwied, 1939 (= T. talpoides rufescens).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C068FFF3FF2BFCFE4CB68560.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Recent species allocated to two subgenera (Thaeler, 1980): Thomomys, which includes the species talpoides, clusius, idahoensis, mazama, and monticola; and Megascapheus including bottae, bulbivorus, townsendii, and umbrinus. Phylogenetic relationships among members of the subgenus Megascapheus were presented by Patton and Smith (1981), based on molecular data. Specific boundaries for some forms are poorly defined, but Patton and Smith (1989) provided an operational definition that can be applied to all pocket gophers.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C068FFF2FF43FA874E6D86B3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, coast of California (restricted to vicinity of Monterey, Monterey Co., by Baird, 1857).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C068FFF2FF43FA874E6D86B3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SW and W USA, north to Oregon, east to Colorado, and south to Sinaloa and Nuevo Leon (Mexico).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C068FFF2FF43FA874E6D86B3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Megascapheus. The taxonomic history of this, and related species has been contentious. Hall and Kelson (1959) included bottae within umbrinus but considered baileyi and townsendii as separate species, but Hall (1981) included all four of these taxa within his concept of umbrinus. Anderson (1966, 1972), Hoffmeister (1969, 1986), and Patton and co-workers (Patton and Dingman, 1968; Patton, 1973; Patton and Smith, 1981) considered bottae (including baileyi) separate from umbrinus. Thaeler (19686), Patton et al. (1984), Patton and Smith (1989), and Rogers (1991 «, 6) supported the specific separation of townsendii from Hall's (1981) umbrinus. As envisioned here, bottae includes a number of taxa considered by earlier workers to be full species but which are each now relegated to subspecific status or are recognized as synonyms of other subspecies. Revisions of those subspecies occurring in Arizona and California have been presented by Hoffmeister (1986) and Patton and Smith (1990), respectively. Hoffmeister (1969), Patton and Dingman (1968), and Patton (1973) reported on hybridization between bottae and umbrinus in S Arizona; Thaeler (19686) and Patton et al. (1984) examined hybridization between bottae and townsendii in NE California. For subspecies, see Hall (1981), as modified for Arizona by Hoffmeister (1986), and for California by Patton and Smith (1990).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C069FFF2FE96F9754D2787DB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, banks of Columbia River (probably Portland, Multnomah Co., Oregon; see Bailey, 1915).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C069FFF2FE96F9754D2787DB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Willamette Valley (NW Oregon, USA).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C069FFF2FE96F9754D2787DB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Megascapheus. Revised by Bailey (1915).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C069FFF2FE97F8524B1288FE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Wyoming, Carbon Co., Bridger Pass, 18 mi (29 km) SW Rawlins.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C069FFF2FE97F8524B1288FE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Carbon and Sweetwater Cos., SC Wyoming (USA).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C069FFF2FE97F8524B1288FE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Thomomys. Included in talpoides by Hall (1981: 457); revised by Thaeler and Hinesley (1979).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C069FFF2FE97F7284ACD899F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Idaho, Clark Co., Birch Creek (10 mi [16 km] S Nicholia [Lemhi Co.], about 6,400 ft. [1940 m]).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C069FFF2FE97F7284ACD899F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: EC Idaho, adjacent Montana and W Wyoming, and N Utah (USA).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C069FFF2FE97F7284ACD899F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Thomomys. Thaeler (1972, 1977) revised this species. Formerly included in talpoides by Hall and Kelson (1959: 441) and Hall (1981: 457, 463; but see Hall, 1981: 1179).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C069FFF1FE97F58A4B3E8213.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Oregon, Klamath Co., Anna Creek near Crater Lake, Mt. Mazama, 6,000 ft. (1,829 m).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C069FFF1FE97F58A4B3E8213.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NW Washington through C Oregon to N California (USA).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C069FFF1FE97F58A4B3E8213.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Thomomys. Revised by Johnson and Benson (1960); considered a subspecies of monticola by Bailey (1915) and Hall and Kelson (1959) but geographic sympatry with monticola in N California documented by Thaeler (1968 a). Subspecies listed in Hall (1981: 465 - 467).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06AFFF1FF7BFD164CF683E1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, California, El Dorado Co., Mt. Tallac, 7,500 ft. (2,286 m).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06AFFF1FF7BFD164CF683E1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Nevada Mtns of C and N California and extreme WC Nevada (USA).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06AFFF1FF7BFD164CF683E1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Thomomys. Revised by Johnson and Benson (1960); Thaeler (1968 «) provided details of distribution in N California.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06AFFF1FF78FC064D7A87E7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Restricted to Canada, Saskatchewan, North Saskatchewan River, Carlton House near Fort Carlton by Bailey (1915: 97).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06AFFF1FF78FC064D7A87E7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S British Columbia to C Alberta and SW Manitoba (Canada), south to C South Dakota and N New Mexico, N Arizona, N Nevada, and NE California (USA).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06AFFF1FF78FC064D7A87E7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Formerly included idahoensis and clusius; see Thaeler (1972) and Thaeler and Hinesley (1979). Partial revision by Bailey (1915) and Thaeler (1985). The considerable degree of chromosomal differentiation among geographic representatives of this form (Thaeler, 1985) suggests that more than one biological species is currently included under the name talpoides.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06AFFF1FF7EF8034EC78905.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, erroneously given as " Columbia River ", but restricted to Idaho, Canyon Co., near Nampa, by Bailey (1915).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06AFFF1FF7EF8034EC78905.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Snake River Valley of Idaho south and west to SE Oregon, NE California, and N Nevada (USA).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06AFFF1FF7EF8034EC78905.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Davis (1937) and Rogers (1991 «, b). Considered a distinct species by Thaeler (1968 b), Patton et al. (1984), Patton and Smith (1989), and Rogers (1991 «, b), despite limited hybridization with bottae in NE California. Hall (1981: 469, 495) reviewed Thaeler's evidence and included townsendii in umbrinus (sensu Hall).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06AFFF0FF79F6E24AB08384.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Originally given as Cadadaguios, southwestern Louisiana, but restricted to Mexico, Veracruz (probably Puebla), vicinity of Boca del Norte, by Bailey (1906).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06AFFF0FF79F6E24AB08384.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SC Arizona and SW New Mexico (USA) south to Puebla and Veracruz (Mexico).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06AFFF0FF79F6E24AB08384.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Rare.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06AFFF0FF79F6E24AB08384.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Hybridization with bottae reported in Patagonia Mtns of S Arizona by Patton and Dingman (1968), Patton (1973), and Hoffmeister (1969). Considered a species separate from bottae by these authors and by Anderson (1966, 1972). Hall (1981: 469) included baileyi, bottae, and townsendii in this species based on a his view of the hybridization data in Hoffmeister (1969), Patton (1973), and Thaeler (1968 b); he reported intergradation between umbrinus and bottae in Nuevo Leon (Mexico). Phylogenetic relationships among geographic units of umbrinus were examined by Hafner et al. (1987).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06BFFF0FF47FB884C168407.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Zygogeomys trichopus Merriam, 1895.	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06BFFF0FE9EFBE34AEE8516.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Michoacan, Nahuatzen, 8,000 - 8,500 ft. (2,438 - 2,591 m).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06BFFF0FE9EFBE34AEE8516.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from small areas west and south of Lago Pâtzcuaro, NC Michoacan (Mexico).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
417587B5C06BFFF0FE9EFBE34AEE8516.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Indeterminate. Local temporal extirpation documented by Hafner and Barkley (1984).	en	James L. Patton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Geomyidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 469-476, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353077
