taxonID	type	description	language	source
406587948463354CFCDDFBB9FEF8F9E1.taxon	description	south of the High Plateau (near Veracruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca), and in the Sierra Madre Oriental between the states of Guanajuato, Querétaro, San Luis Potos´ı, and Hidalgo (Figs. 8, 9) (Zunino and Halffter 1988 a). It is very abundant and has been collected in large quantities between 1,800 and 3,800 m in pine forest, pine-oak forest, shrublands, and grasslands (Lobo and Halffter 2000; Arriaga- Jiménez et al. 2018). To differentiate O. chevrolati from its former subspecies O. retusus (Halffter et al. 2019), which is sympatric, there are two main characteristics: 1) the matte black coloration of O. chevrolati; and 2) the unique pronotal sculpture. The pronotal disk has well-defined punctures and few very small secondary punctures, plus a shagreened microsculpture (Fig. 2).	en	Höglinger, Marc, Huber, Andrea, Eichler, Klaus (2019): Entwicklung Medizintechnik 2019 bis 2030: stationäre Rehabilitation & amp; stationäre Psychiatrie. The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (3): 535-550, DOI: 10.21256/zhaw-23035, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-23035
406587948464354CFF33F99BFCA1F916.taxon	description	places of transition with O. chevrolati in Hidalgo and the lower parts of the mountains reaching the High Plateau (Zunino and Halffter 1988 a; Arriaga et al. 2012). The species is found at elevations ranging 1,800 – 3,400 m, and it can occur lower in its southern distribution area (Zunino and Halffter 1988 a; Arriaga et al. 2012; Halffter et al. 2019). Because O. retusus and O. chevrolati share an elevational range and express morphological similarities, it is important to be able to discern the species. The main diagnostic characters to identify O. retusus are that it is larger, with a very dark copper color, and, although its punctation is very variable, it tends to be formed by less defined punctures than in O. chevrolati, and the punctures are sometimes elongated longitudinally. Adults are collected abundantly in pine and pine-oak forest, as well as in shrublands and grasslands (Mart´ın-Piera and Lobo 1993; Arellano and Halffter 2003; Arriaga et al. 2012).	en	Höglinger, Marc, Huber, Andrea, Eichler, Klaus (2019): Entwicklung Medizintechnik 2019 bis 2030: stationäre Rehabilitation & amp; stationäre Psychiatrie. The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (3): 535-550, DOI: 10.21256/zhaw-23035, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-23035
406587948465354EFD12FBB9FCD8F916.taxon	description	Description of Female. Length 6.2 – 8.3 mm, maximum width 3.7 mm across middle of pronotum (Fig. 5 A). Color: Very dark blue, almost black, olive green or bluish green, red to greenish red with metallic reflections on head and pronotum (Fig. 5 C). Head: Clypeus a non-elongated trapezoid, distinctly sinuate at apex. Lateral margin of head very weakly incised at clypeo-genal limit, genae enlarged, widest across middle, basal quarter weakly concave, genal sutures hardly indicated. Clypeal carina slightly evident. Frontal carina slightly sinuate in middle. Clypeal punctation transverse, rugose, delimited posteriorly by low clypeofrontal carina; frons with weak punctation, only with some large and separate punctures on vertex. Pronotum: Basal bead evanescent between posterior angles and middle; lateral margins weakly convex between anterior and intermediate angles. Disc convex, apparently glabrous, surface with medium size punctures, punctures denser and oval anteriorly, sparser and more circular posteriorly, with shagreened microsculpture. Elytra: Striae very thin, weakly impressed with small, separated punctures; interstriae almost flat, with small punctures and very small, scattered granules. Seteae very small, almost imperceptible. Surface microsculpture shagreened. Legs: Not elongated, protibial lateral margin with 4 teeth and a series of small teeth between the first main denticle and the femoral joint; ventral surface of femur with well-defined, oval, scattered spots with a small seta. Metasternum: With sparse, midsize, oval punctures laterally, each puncture with a short seta, with very small secondary spots scattered throughout, without setae medially. Pygidium: With a well-marked carina separating pygidium and prepygidium, with sparse, welldefined, medium size punctures and shagreened microsculpture.	en	Höglinger, Marc, Huber, Andrea, Eichler, Klaus (2019): Entwicklung Medizintechnik 2019 bis 2030: stationäre Rehabilitation & amp; stationäre Psychiatrie. The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (3): 535-550, DOI: 10.21256/zhaw-23035, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-23035
406587948465354EFD12FBB9FCD8F916.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. México: Estado de Oaxaca, San José del Pac´ıfico, Miahuatlán, Oaxaca. 1 ♀, 31 - VIII- 2017 Coprotrampa 96.51173 ° W, 16.16972 ° N Bosque mesófilo 2,316 m.; Zempoaltépetl, Sta. Mar´ıa Yacochi, 1 ♀ 30 - VII- 2017 Coprotrampa 96.1 ’ 52.35 ’’ W, 17 ° 8 ’ 59.01 ’’ N, Acahual 2,316 m. Arriaga J. A. Col; Reserva Comunitaria San Pablo Etla. 1 ♀, 23 - Vi- 2017 coprotrampa 96 | 41 ’ 40.51 ’’ W, 17 ° 10 ’ 53.83 ’’ N, bosque de pino / encino, 2,795 m Arriaga J. A. Col.	en	Höglinger, Marc, Huber, Andrea, Eichler, Klaus (2019): Entwicklung Medizintechnik 2019 bis 2030: stationäre Rehabilitation & amp; stationäre Psychiatrie. The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (3): 535-550, DOI: 10.21256/zhaw-23035, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-23035
4065879484673540FF73FBB9FDFAFB1D.taxon	description	Onthophagus oaxacanus (Fig. 6) is found in the Sierra Madre del Sur in Guerrero and Oaxaca. The previously known localities in Oaxaca are Juchatengo and Suchixtepec, both with difficult access. The scarce material collected makes the distribution limits of this subspecies unclear. However, the recent collection of this species in the Sierra Norte and Sierra Sur of Oaxaca expand its known distribution in Oaxaca (Fig. 9). It is a coprophagous species that inhabits oak-pine forests, gallery forests, and acahual. It is found from 2,100 to 2,900 m elevation and even up to 3,170 m (Zunino and Halffter 1988). This species was assessed by the IUCN Red List (2017) along with O. undulans, as they were considered subspecies and hence the evaluation was made at the species level. Therefore, O. undulans sensu lato was assessed as Vulnerable, based on an EOO of about 1,420 km 2 (Favila et al. 2017 a). However, considering the new status of both taxa as species, both should be considered Endangered because as separate species they occupy different mountains and smaller areas. Considering the currently known distribution of O. oaxacanus (AOO = ∼ 32 km 2; EOO = ∼ 4,400 km 2), it must be considered as Endangered B 1 (EOO = <5,000 km 2) or B 2 b (iii) (continuing decline observed based on estimated, inferred, or projected AOO). It also must be considered that its habitats are high mountain environments and that climatic changes and anthropogenic modifications could put this species at a higher risk if the number of known locations, AOO, or EOO decline. Our research suggests that more exploration is needed to provide a more detail assessment for this species as well as for O. undulans.	en	Höglinger, Marc, Huber, Andrea, Eichler, Klaus (2019): Entwicklung Medizintechnik 2019 bis 2030: stationäre Rehabilitation & amp; stationäre Psychiatrie. The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (3): 535-550, DOI: 10.21256/zhaw-23035, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-23035
4065879484683541FF63FAC2FBBBF916.taxon	description	Redescription. Male (Fig. 7 B, D). General body shape more oval and convex than usual for Onthophagus species due to longitudinal reduction of elytra and corresponding thoracic-abdominal areas. Length = 4.5 — 6.0 mm from clypeal apex to pygidium, maximum width 4 mm across middle of pronotum. Color: Base of head, pronotum, elytra, and abdominal venter very dark reddish brown, almost black; clypeal edge and legs light reddish with yellowish brown marks at base of 6 th elytral stria and apex of 5 th interstria, integument rather shiny. Head: Clypeus approximately as wide as long, margin forming a large arch with genaes, raised margin subsinuate medially. Genae quite wide, triangular, with a very arched apex; genal sutures visible. Clypeal carina absent. Frontal carina very broadly V-shaped, continuous or sometimes interrupted in middle by deep, well-defined, large puncture. Clypeal punctures slightly confluent anteriorly, more widely spaced posteriorly and on frons. With dorsal pubescence of very sparse light yellowish-white setae. Pronotum: Highly developed, convex, with an obtuse antero-medial protuberance. Lateral margins with rounded anterior angles, almost straight between these and intermediate angles, basal bead evanescent medially. Sculpture of pronotal disc formed mainly by large, dense, irregularly distributed punctures, with few secondary punctures. With dorsal pubescence of very sparse light yellowish-white setae basally and laterally, a seta arising from the center of some punctures. Surface with shagreened microsculpture. Elytra: Very convex, with non-parallel, arched lateral margins; without humeral calli; Fine, punctate elytral striae; interstriae almost flat, with irregular strong and dense punctation. Setae more evident than on pronotum and slightly inclined posteriorly. Surface with shagreened microsculpture. Legs: Anterior tibiae very slender and elongate; inner margin curved, prolonged anteriorly and terminating with a brush of long, yellow setae; outer margin with 4 teeth, 1 st 3 of same size, closer to each other than to 4 th smaller basal tooth; apical spur reduced. Pygidium: With 2 longitudinal, reddish spots laterally; sculpture formed by large, dense, ill-defined punctures; shagreened surface with very pale yellowish white setae. The female (Fig. 7 A, C) differs from the male by the subtriangular development of the clypeus, the apex of which is very low medially; the frontal carina raised at lateral angles and separated in some cases in the middle by large, well-defined, deep puncturee; the more pronounced genal angle; the less developed pronotum; and the protibiae with four equidistant teeth, the basal tooth smaller in comparison with the first three teeth.	en	Höglinger, Marc, Huber, Andrea, Eichler, Klaus (2019): Entwicklung Medizintechnik 2019 bis 2030: stationäre Rehabilitation & amp; stationäre Psychiatrie. The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (3): 535-550, DOI: 10.21256/zhaw-23035, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-23035
4065879484683541FF63FAC2FBBBF916.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. México: Estado de Oaxaca, “ La Mesita ”, San Pablo Etla, Oaxaca. 3 ♂, 17 - VI- 2017 Coprotrampa 96 ° 42 ′ 3.20 ″ W, 17 ° 10 ′ 51.14 ″ N Bosque de pino-encino 2,798 m.; “ La Mesita ”, San Pablo Etla, Oaxaca. 3 ♂, 4 ♀ 8 - VII- 2017 Coprotrampa - 96 ° 42 ′ 2.55 ″ W, 17 ° 10 ′ 49.95 ″ N, Bosque de Pino 2,822 m. Arriaga J. A. Col; Reserva Comunitaria San Pablo Etla. 6 ♂, 4 ♀ 23 - IX- 2016 coprotrampa 96.714888 W, 17.178782 ° N, bosque de pino / encino, 2,515 m Arriaga J. A. Col.	en	Höglinger, Marc, Huber, Andrea, Eichler, Klaus (2019): Entwicklung Medizintechnik 2019 bis 2030: stationäre Rehabilitation & amp; stationäre Psychiatrie. The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (3): 535-550, DOI: 10.21256/zhaw-23035, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-23035
40658794846A3545FF24FB46FD17FE34.taxon	description	4 ′. Escultura del disco del pronoto formada por puntos principales definidos. Aspecto general no especialmente robusto. Color mate o ser´ıceo, negro, a veces oscuramente verduzco o café. Quilla frontal de los machos a veces casi indistintamente trapezoidal, a menudo muy arqueada hacia adelante (Fig. 2) .......... ....... Onthophagus chevrolati Harold, 1869 5. Especie peque ~ na (longitud menor de 8.5 mm). Quilla frontal del macho ligeramente angulada en el centro, distintamente carinada. Tubérculos intermedios de la prominencia pronotal ausentes. Aspecto general ser´ıceo brillante (Fig. 5) ....... .............................. Onthophagus howdeni Zunino y Halffter, 1988 5 ′. Especies grandes. Quilla frontal con doble convexidad anterior .............................. 6 6. Superficie del disco del pronoto irregular, presentando áreas ligeramente hundidas de contorno indefinido. Color bronceado. Escultura del pronoto más fuerte y densa (Fig. 6) ............... ........................... Onthophagus oaxacanus Zunino y Halffter, 1988 6 ′. Superficie del pronoto uniformemente convexa. Color café oscuro, ser´ıceo brillante, cabeza y pronoto bronceado cobrizo (Fig. 4) .............. ...................... Onthophagus howdenorum Zunino y Halffter, 1988	en	Höglinger, Marc, Huber, Andrea, Eichler, Klaus (2019): Entwicklung Medizintechnik 2019 bis 2030: stationäre Rehabilitation & amp; stationäre Psychiatrie. The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (3): 535-550, DOI: 10.21256/zhaw-23035, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-23035
