identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
474887DDFFC4FFA090BA689DA60EFD53.text	474887DDFFC4FFA090BA689DA60EFD53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclorhipidion Hagedorn	<div><p>Genus Cyclorhipidion Hagedorn</p><p>Cyclorhipidion californicum (Wood), status confirmed Xyleborus californicus Wood, 1975</p><p>Examined specimens. Numerous specimens trapped throughout the Eastern US, identified by R. Rabaglia.</p><p>Comments. Xyleborus californicus was recently transferred to Cyclorhipidion (Bussler 2006) and the synonymy of this species with C. bodoanum (Reitter) is pending publication (Kinzek, personal communication) C. californicum belongs in Cyclorhipidion according to its morphological features (antennal club type 3, rounded declivital apex, dense vestiture), and according to molecular phylogenetic analysis (Cognato et al. 2010; 100% posterior probability). It is native to the Eastern Palearctic region, and was recently imported to North America (Rabagila et al., 2006; Wood &amp; Bright, 1992). In the molecular phylogeny of Cognato et al. (2010), it is a sister species to C. pelliculosum (Eichhoff) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFC4FFA090BA689DA60EFD53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFC4FFA090BA6D05A63BF9BE.text	474887DDFFC4FFA090BA6D05A63BF9BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclorhipidion pelliculosum (Eichhoff) Eichhoff	<div><p>Cyclorhipidion pelliculosum (Eichhoff), comb. n.</p><p>Xyleborus pelliculosus Eichhoff, 1878 .</p><p>Examined specimens. Numerous specimens trapped throughout the Eastern US, identified by R. Rabaglia.</p><p>Comments. C. pelliculosum belongs in Cyclorhipidion according to its morphological features (antennal club type 3, rounded declivital apex, dense vestiture), as well as according to molecular phylogenetic analysis (Cognato et al. 2010; 100% posterior probability). It is native to the Eastern Palaearctic region, and was recently introduced to North America (Haack, 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFC4FFA090BA6D05A63BF9BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFC4FFA090BA6AADA75BFB3B.text	474887DDFFC4FFA090BA6AADA75BFB3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclorhipidion perlaetum (Schedl) Schedl	<div><p>Cyclorhipidion perlaetum (Schedl) new status, resurrected replacement name</p><p>Xyleborus perlaetus (Schedl, 1960a)</p><p>Cyclorhipidion pelliculosum Hagedorn, 1912</p><p>Specimens examined. Cameroon, Albrechtshohe ( C. pelliculosum Hagedorn, holotype, MNB).</p><p>Comments (M. Knizek, pers. comm.): Schedl (1957) synonymized the genus Cyclorhipidion (Hagedorn, 1912) with Xyleborus (Eichhoff, 1864) . This resulted in the homonymy of Xyleborus pelliculosus Eichhoff (1878) and Xyleborus pelliculosus, the type species of Cyclorhipidion (Hagedorn, 1912), which was solved by Schedl (1960a) by erecting a replacement name Xyleborus perlaetus for the latter species. Wood and Bright (1992) restored the status of Cyclorhipidion, including C. pelliculosum (Hagedorn, 1912) as a valid species and its replacement name Xyleborus perlaetus Schedl as an unnecessary replacement name. Since Xyleborus pelliculosus Eichhoff is transferred to Cyclorhipidion in this study, it has priority over Cyclorhipidion pelliculosum (Hagedorn, 1912) . Schedl’s replacement name (Schedl, 1960a) is thus reinstated here as the valid name.</p><p>C. perlaetum (Schedl, 1960) is native to Africa (Cameroon).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFC4FFA090BA6AADA75BFB3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFC4FFA790BA6E8FA5E2FE06.text	474887DDFFC4FFA790BA6E8FA5E2FE06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclorhipidion sus (Schedl) Schedl	<div><p>Cyclorhipidion sus (Schedl), comb. n.</p><p>Xyleborus sus Schedl, 1973 b</p><p>Arixyleborus sus (Schedl, 1979b)</p><p>Specimens examined. C. sus: New Guinea, Moroko, Loria (holotype, NHMW); New Guinea, Morobe Province, Bulolo (1, Hulcr det. FICB); New Guinea, Morobe Province, Bulolo (1, Hulcr det. NHMW); New Guinea, Oro Prov. (32, Hulcr det., MSUC).</p><p>Comparative specimens: C. multipunctatum (Browne): Malaysia, Borneo, Tatau, imported to Nagoya, Japan (holotype, BMNH); New Guinea, Kupa Range (FICB, Hulcr det.); PNG, Chimbu Prov. (13, Hulcr det., MSUC).</p><p>Comments. C. sus shares two characters with Arixyleborus: several rows of tubercles on posterior face of protibia, and rows of tubercles in elytral striae. The two characters are also present in some Cyclorhipidion, notably the almost identical sympatric C. multipunctatum . C. sus and C. multipunctatum are sister taxa in molecular phylogeny (100% posterior probability, Cognato et al. 2010). C. sus shares many synapomorphies with Cyclorhipidion in general: rounded lateral outline of pronotum, thick femora, rounded dorsal outline of abdomen; dense uniform vestiture; antennal club type 3; small and numerous denticles on tibial edges; and the outer edges of all tibiae are evenly convex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFC4FFA790BA6E8FA5E2FE06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFC3FFA690BA6A60A7E3FD96.text	474887DDFFC3FFA690BA6A60A7E3FD96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Debus Hulcr and Cognato	<div><p>Genus Debus Hulcr and Cognato, gen. n.</p><p>Type species. Xyleborus emarginatus Eichhoff (1878) ( Debus emarginatus (Eichhoff): Hulcr &amp; Cognato, this publication).</p><p>Diagnosis. Pronotal disc is elongated and flat. Tibiae are slender, triangular (not with rounded dorsal margin) with few but large and long denticles. Prosternal posterocoxal process is inflated. The main autapomorphic character is the impression and arrangement of striae on elytral declivity. Declivity is excavated and emarginate in most species (rarely flat), surrounded by an elevated sulcus, and with tubercles or teeth. The first interstriae are broadened to the extent that strial punctures are displaced laterally.</p><p>Description. Eyes shallowly emarginate, "bean shape", upper portion of eyes smaller than lower part. Antennal club more-less circular shape, club type two (obliquely truncated, second segment visible on posterior side). First segment of club circular around the club, covering most of the posterior face, margin of the first segment clearly costate all around the antenna. Second segment of club visible on both sides of club, but not corneous, or the corneous part on the anterior side only. Third segment of club partly visible on the posterior side of club. First segment of antennal funicle shorter than pedicel, funicle composed of 4 segments, scapus regularly thick. Frons above epistoma rugged, coarsely punctate. Submentum slightly impressed, shaped as distinct large triangle. Anterior edge of pronotum with no conspicuous row of serrations, only small asperities identical to those on the pronotal slope. Pronotum from lateral view with disc distinctly elongated (type 8); from dorsal view elongated basic shape with rounded frontal margin (type 7), or long, rounded anteriad (type 9). Pronotal disc shining or smoothly alutaceous, with small punctures. Lateral edge of pronotum concave, obliquely costate. Procoxae contiguous, prosternal posterocoxal process large and inflated. No setose tuft on pronotal or elytral basis associated with mycangium. Scutellum flat, flush with elytra. Elytral bases straight, with oblique edge. Elytral disc longer than declivity, flat, punctures on elytral disc in strial lines (may be difficult to discern). Elytral declivity not conspicuously pubescent, with few setae or scales. Details of structure of elytral declivity discussed below. Posterolateral declivital costa ending in 7th interstriae, or reaching beyond 7th interstriae and surrounding most or all of declivity. First interstriae parallel on elytral disc, but mostly broadened towards the summit of elytral disc, and distinctly broadened towards the apex of elytra. Protibiae distinctly triangular, slender on the upper part, broad and denticulate on the lower part. Posterior side of protibia flat, with setae only. Protibial denticles mostly large, distinctly longer than wide, small in small species. Bases of the denticles not enlarged to slightly enlarged, six or fewer protibial denticles present. Body length 1.8 to 4.2 mm, mostly slender species, never very robust. Color varies from light brown to black, pronotum sometimes much lighter than elytra.</p><p>Comments. The characteristic flat or excavated shape of elytra is a result of greatly broadened interstriae 1, to lesser extent also 2 and 3. Several (usually 4 pairs) large tubercles on each interstria 1, but their origin on interstria 1 is not immediately apparent. It is observable only in some species, preferably on the bottom side of elytra. The broad interstria 1 displaced most strial lines on declivity. The one dominant declivital tubercle appears to lie on or around the remnants of the first or second strial line, but it originates on interstria 1 (punctures of striae 1 and 2 are displaced, curved around the tubercle, and rarely discernible). There are usually no tubercles on striae 2 (though dominant displaced tubercle often appears as if on interstria 2), and only smaller tubercles on striae 3 and beyond, creating tuberculated elevated sulcus surrounding the declivity.</p><p>Declivital armature as a sole character for species delimitation in Debus is disputable. The elytral declivity appears to have changed extensively, while the rest of body is nearly immutable in most lineages. Especially, the relative position of the largest declivital spine, other spines, and posterolateral declivital costa was historically often used to delimit species, but these are extremely variable when a sufficient number of individuals is examined. Further, several specimens were observed with different tooth pattern on each elytron. Similarly extensive variability of declivity not corresponding with the rest of characters can be seen in Eccoptopterus .</p><p>Browne (1961) subjectively placed many Debus spp. in Coptoborus . Coptoborus was designated by Hopkins (1915) for unrelated Neotropical species. Wood (1980) expanded Coptoborus to include several Paleotropical Streptocranus spp. However, the representatives of Debus, Coptoborus and Streptocranus in the molecular phylogeny are not closely related (Cognato et al., 2011).</p><p>Etymology. masculine; the name was inspired by Donald E. Bright, one of the major contributors to the modern classification of scolytine beetles, whose initials are printed on thousands of identification labels in the world’s bark beetle collections.</p><p>Biology. Galleries of many species contain several irregular brood chambers. Significant portion of the tunnel system is often in the phloem-xylem boundary (Beaver &amp; Browne, 1978).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFC3FFA690BA6A60A7E3FD96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFC2FFA690BA6C28A5D7FA72.text	474887DDFFC2FFA690BA6C28A5D7FA72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Debus adusticollis (Motschulsky) Motschulsky	<div><p>Debus adusticollis (Motschulsky) comb. n.</p><p>Xyleborus adusticollis Motschulsky, 1863</p><p>Xyleborus vestitus (Schedl, 1931): Wood, 1989</p><p>Specimens examined. Brunei (4, R. A. Beaver det., BMNH), Malaysia, Sabah, Danum Valley (7, R.A. Beaver det., BMNH).</p><p>Comments. Placement in Debus clade was confirmed by molecular phylogenetic analysis (72% and 73% posterior probability, Cognato et al., 2011). It is a very long species, with an elongated pronotum, deeply excavated declivity, and a rounded apex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFC2FFA690BA6C28A5D7FA72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFC2FFA590BA6E4CA15CFED4.text	474887DDFFC2FFA590BA6E4CA15CFED4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Debus emarginatus (Eichhoff) Eichhoff	<div><p>Debus emarginatus (Eichhoff), comb. n.</p><p>Xyleborus emarginatus Eichhoff, 1878</p><p>(complete taxonomic history in Wood and Bright, 1992)</p><p>Specimens examined. Philippines, Laguna, Pangil (homotype, NHMW), Indonesia, Sumatra, Bandar Baroe (homotype, NHMW); Indonesia, Java, Bandjar (2, homotype, NHMW,); Malaysia, Sabah, Danum Valley (17, Hulcr det. MSUC); New Guinea (20, Hulcr det. BBM); New Guinea, Ambunti (4, Hulcr det. BBM); New Guinea (1, Hulcr det. FICB); New Guinea, Gulf Province, Ivimka (1, R. A. Beaver det., UCD), Thailand, Pong Yaeng N. P. (1, Hulcr det. MSUC); New Guinea, Madang Prov. (79, Hulcr det., MSUC).</p><p>Comments. This species is usually larger and darker than most Debus spp., with a shallow declivital impression. There is no clear boundary in morphological variation between D. emarginatus and D. fallax . D. emarginatus was placed in the Debus clade in a molecular phylogeny with 100% posterior probability (Cognato et al., 2011).</p><p>Kalshoven (1959) examined a large number of individuals from different localities identified by different authors as different species, and concluded that D. emarginatus varies in size (3.0-4.0 mm.) and in the development of the spines on the declivity. Browne (1961) mentioned the large geographical range and variability of the species. Distribution. India to New Guinea, from the sea level to over 2100m a.s.l., common throughout its range.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFC2FFA590BA6E4CA15CFED4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFC1FFA590BA692CA6B6FBEB.text	474887DDFFC1FFA590BA692CA6B6FBEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Debus fallax (Eichhoff) Eichhoff	<div><p>Debus fallax (Eichhoff), comb. n.</p><p>Xyleborus fallax Eichhoff (1878)</p><p>Xyleborus fastigatus Schedl (1935) syn. n.</p><p>(complete taxonomic history in Wood and Bright, 1992)</p><p>Specimens examined. Malaysia, Sabah, Danum Valley (51, Hulcr det., MSUC); New Guinea, Morobe Province, Bulolo (1, BHJ); New Guinea (5, Hulcr det. BBM); New Guinea, Morobe Province, Bulolo (1 Hulcr det., MSUC); Philippines, Luzon, Mt. Makiling (holotype of X. amphicranulus Eggers., syn. of X. fallax, SMTD); Sulawesi (1, BMNH); Thailand, Pong Yaeng N. P. (2, Hulcr det., MSUC), New Guinea, Madang Prov. (36, Hulcr det., MSUC), Oro Prov. (66, Hulcr det., MSUC), West Sepik (123, Hulcr det., MSUC); X. fastigatus: Philippines, label: Sch. of For., Univ. P.I. (lectotype, NHMW).</p><p>Comments. Placement of D. fallax in the Debus clade was confirmed by a molecular phylogenetic analysis (100% posterior probability, Cognato et al., 2011). Depository of the holotype is unclear. Wood and Bright (1992) indicated IRSNB as the depository, but the museum personnel reported that the holotype was never deposited there. Schedl (1954a) discussed the large variation in overall shape, in the relative sizes of the declivital teeth, and in the declivital emargination. In particular, the position and size of the second tooth varies widely, with no obvious relation to biogeographical regions. Lectotype of X. fastigatus falls within the variation of X. fallax .</p><p>Distribution. This species is probably the most common and widespread of all Debus spp. (Browne 1961), with large regional morphological variation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFC1FFA590BA692CA6B6FBEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFC1FFA590BA6C35A05DFA05.text	474887DDFFC1FFA590BA6C35A05DFA05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Debus pseudocylindricus (Eggers) Eggers	<div><p>Debus pseudocylindricus (Eggers) comb. n.</p><p>Xyleborus pseudocylindricus Eggers (1927b)</p><p>Specimens examined. Indonesia, Sumatra, (holotype, USNM); Malaysia, Sabah, Danum Valley (18, Hulcr det., MSUC).</p><p>Comments. D. pseudocylindricus possesses all the diagnostic features of Debus, including antennal club form, elongated pronotum, and emarginate declivity. Its placement in Debus was confirmed by molecular phylogenetic analysis (72% and 74% posterior probability, Cognato et al., 2011). Morphologically, the species is intermediate between D. pumilus and D. fallax in terms of declivital armature and body proportions.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFC1FFA590BA6C35A05DFA05	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFC1FFA490BA6E5CA0B5FE65.text	474887DDFFC1FFA490BA6E5CA0B5FE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Debus pumilus (Eggers) Eggers	<div><p>Debus pumilus (Eggers), comb. n.</p><p>Xyleborus pumilus Eggers (1923)</p><p>Xyleborus ipidia Schedl (1972a), syn. n.</p><p>Xyleborus cylindricus Eggers (1927a), syn. n. (complete taxonomic history in Wood and Bright, 1992)</p><p>Specimens examined. D. pumilus: Indonesia, Sumatra (lectotype, USNM); Malaysia, Sabah, Danum Valley (66, Hulcr det., MSUC.); New Guinea, Morobe Province, Bulolo (1, FICB); New Guinea, Gulf Province, Ivimka (1, R. A. Beaver det., UCD); New Guinea, Madang Prov. (960, Hulcr det., MSUC), Oro Prov. (20, Hulcr det., MSUC); West Sepik (370, Hulcr det., MSUC). X. ipidia: New Guinea, New Ireland (paratype, FICB), New Guinea, New Ireland (NHMW). X. cylindricus: Philippines, Luzon, Balbalan (lectotype, USNM).</p><p>Comments. Placement of D. pumilus in Debus was confirmed by molecular phylogenetic analysis (72% and 74% posterior probability, Cognato et al., 2011). It is one of the smallest and most slender Debus specie s. The declivity is only slightly excavated or entirely flat (which is unusual in Debus), the apex of elytra is usually flat, or slightly emarginate. Also declivital denticles are smaller than in other Debus (except some D. emarginatus).</p><p>The holotype of X. ipidia is probably lost. Paratypes of X. ipidia and holotype of D. pumilus are essentially identical, except for the declivital spines, which are slightly less produced in D. pumilus . The holotype of X. cylindricus is nearly identical to the holotype of D. pumilus, except that the largest pair of denticles on declivity is slightly displaced towards the edge, making declivity appear slightly excavated. Other variants of the D. pumilus - group exist throughout Pacific islands, differing in details of declivital armature and puncturation (R. A. Beaver, pers, comm.). They are most likely insular deviations of the variable D. pumilus declivity.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFC1FFA490BA6E5CA0B5FE65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFC0FFA490BA69B6A525FCEF.text	474887DDFFC0FFA490BA69B6A525FCEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Debus spinicornis (Schedl) Schedl	<div><p>Debus spinicornis (Schedl), comb. n.</p><p>Xyleborus spinicornis Schedl, 1975b</p><p>Specimens examined. New Guinea, Milne Bay, Gwariu River (holotype, NHMW); New Guinea, Bodem (2, Hulcr det. BBM); New Guinea, Oro Prov. (35, Hulcr det., MSUC).</p><p>Comments. Placement of D. spinicornis in Debus was confirmed by a molecular analysis (100% posterior probability, Cognato et al., 2011). Schedl (1975b) indicated deposition of holotype in AMNH, but the type resides in NHMW.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFC0FFA490BA69B6A525FCEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFC0FFA490BA6B2CA52FF8C3.text	474887DDFFC0FFA490BA6B2CA52FF8C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euwallacea Hopkins	<div><p>Genus Euwallacea Hopkins</p><p>Type species. Xyleborus wallacei (Blandford), desig. Hopkins, 1915</p><p>Specimens examined. E. wallacei: Malaysia (holotype, BMNH); New Guinea, Madang Province, Ohu (BHJ); New Guinea, Morobe, Wau (4, Hulcr det. BBM); New Guinea (1, Hulcr det. FICB); New Guinea, Madang Province, Baiteta (1, Hulcr det. IRSNB); New Guinea, Gulf Province, Ivimka (1, Hulcr det. UCD); New Guinea, Madang Prov. (46, Hulcr det., MSUC), Oro Prov. (3, Hulcr det., MSUC), West Sepik (8, Hulcr det., MSUC). E destruens: Indonesia, Java, Gilolo (syntypes, 2 BMNH); New Guinea, Morobe Province, Mt. Kaindi, 2400m a.s.l. (1, Hulcr det. BBM); New Guinea, New Britain (5, BBM); New Guinea, Madang Province, Baiteta ((1, Hulcr det. IRSNB); PNG, Chimbu Prov. (15, Hulcr det., MSUC), Madang Prov. (100, Hulcr det., MSUC), West Sepik (9, Hulcr det., MSUC).</p><p>Diagnosis. Euwallacea is similar, and probably a sister or paraphyletic genus, to Wallacellus gen. n. and Fortiborus gen. n. (Fig. 9). Characters distinguishing Euwallacea from Wallacellus include: upper part of eyes as large as lower part (in E. wallacei), first segment of funicle slender, stalk-like, as long or longer than pedicel (except this is also present in W. striatulus); pronotum quadrate to subquadrate (partially overlapping with Wallacellus which has subquadrate to rounded pronotum); protibiae triangular, with 6 or fewer denticles, protibial spur present (a single denticle separated from other equidistant denticles); sockets of tibial denticles enlarged. Characters distinguishing Euwallacea from Fortiborus gen. n. include: first segment of antennal club concave, circular around the club (not recurved, convex); antennal club rounded or taller than wide (antennal club broader than long in several Fortiborus); anterior pronotal edge not elevated, lacking a row of serrations; protibiae triangular, with 6 or fewer denticles, protibial spur present. Characters distinguishing Euwallacea from Planiculus gen. n. include: Much larger size, subquadrate pronotum, pronotal psoterocoxal process slender and inconspicuous.</p><p>Comments. Euwallacea was insufficiently described in the original description (Hopkins, 1915), and was later used as a vaguely defined unnatural group defined only by a broad declivity. We attempted to partially remedy the situation by transferring several species into new and hopefully monophyletic genera Fortiborus, Planiculus, and Wallacellus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFC0FFA490BA6B2CA52FF8C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFC0FFBB90BA6F1AA6D0FEAD.text	474887DDFFC0FFBB90BA6F1AA6D0FEAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euwallacea funereus (Lea) Lea	<div><p>Euwallacea funereus (Lea), comb. n.</p><p>Xyleborus funereus Lea, (1910)</p><p>Ambrosiodmus funereus (Lea): Wood and Bright, 1992 (complete taxonomic history in Wood and Bright, 1992) Specimens examined. Philippines, Bolivac (compared to type by Schedl, NHMW); Malaysia, Sabah, Danum Valley (2, Hulcr det., MSUC); New Guinea, New Britain ( X. nepos, syn. of E. funereus, Wood det., BBM); New Guinea (1, Hulcr det., FICB); New Guinea, Madang Prov. (26, Hulcr det., MSUC), Oro Prov. (4, Hulcr det., MSUC).</p><p>Comments. Placement of E. funereus in Euwallacea is supported by both morphological as well as molecular phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 9, Cognato et al., 2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFC0FFBB90BA6F1AA6D0FEAD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFDFFFBA90BA69F4A77EFEF6.text	474887DDFFDFFFBA90BA69F4A77EFEF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fortiborus Hulcr and Cognato	<div><p>Genus Fortiborus Hulcr and Cognato, gen. n.</p><p>Type species. Xyleborus major Stebbing, 1909 .</p><p>Diagnosis. The genus most closely related to Fortiborus is Euwallacea (Fig. 9). Characters distinguishing Fortiborus from Euwallacea include: margin of the first segment of antennal club concave, recurved (may appear straight); antennal club wider than long in several Fortiborus; anterior edge of pronotum produced anteriad, bearing a row of serrations (except. F. anisopterae); protibiae rounded (except in F. indigens), bearing seven or more denticles, protibial spur absent.</p><p>Description. This genus includes some of the largest xyleborine species (5.2- 7 mm). Color uniformly dark brown or black. Upper portion of eyes conspicuously large. Antennal club type three (with first segment straight or convex), or four (first segment small, second and third prominent on both sides). First segment of antennal funicle longer than pedicel, its base stalk-like, funicle composed of 4 segments. Frons above epistoma rugged, coarsely punctate. Submentum shallowly to deeply impressed, shaped as very narrow triangle. Anterior edge of pronotum with distinct row of serrations, in most species conspicuously produced. Pronotum from lateral view tall (type 2), or rounded and robust (type 5), from dorsal view subquadrate (type 3), or quadrate, robust (type 4). Pronotal disc shining or smoothly alutaceous, with small punctures, or densely and evenly punctured, lateral edge of pronotum obliquely costate, usually with pointed shoulder. Procoxae contiguous, prosternal posterocoxal process conical and slightly inflated. No mycangial tufts on pronotum or bases of elytra. Scutellum flat, flush with elytra. Elytral bases straight, with oblique edge. Elytral disc longer than declivity, slightly to distinctly convex, or distinctly concave. Punctures on elytral disc in strial lines. Boundary between elytral disc and declivity indistinct, end of disc rounded and smoothly transitioning into declivity. Lateral profile of elytral declivity convex, especially towards the apex, rarely steep, excavated in one species. Dorsal profile of elytral apex rounded, usually broadened laterally. Elytral declivity with few setae or scales, not conspicuously pubescent. Posterolateral declivital costa ending in 7th interstriae, in one species surrounding most of declivity. Declivital armature variable: devoid of tubercles, or uniform granules present, or no tubercles on interstria 1 (sutural) and several tubercles on interstriae 2, 3 and beyond, or tubercles on elevated costa around declivity. First interstriae parallel. Protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at 2/3 of the length, or distinctly triangular, slender on the upper part, broad and denticulate on the lower part. Posterior side of protibia flat, with setae only. Protibial denticles small, bases of the denticles slightly enlarged, conical, 6 to 8 protibial denticles present.</p><p>Comments. Fortiborus was not included in the molecular phylogenetic analysis of Cognato et al. (2010). Taxonomic changes presented here are based only on morphological characters. When the cladogram (Fig. 9) is rooted with Xyleborus, Euwallacea appears to be paraphyletic with respect to Fortiborus . It is possible that Fortiborus is evolutionarily derived from Euwallacea .</p><p>Etymology. L, masculine, name refers to the robust body.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFDFFFBA90BA69F4A77EFEF6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFDEFFBA90BA69D7A0BDFDFC.text	474887DDFFDEFFBA90BA69D7A0BDFDFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fortiborus anisopterae (Browne) Browne	<div><p>Fortiborus anisopterae (Browne), comb. n.</p><p>Xyleborus anisopterae Browne, 1983</p><p>Specimens examined. New Guinea, West Papua, Fakfak (compared to holotype, BMNH).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFDEFFBA90BA69D7A0BDFDFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFDEFFBA90BA6ACAA7FBFC58.text	474887DDFFDEFFBA90BA6ACAA7FBFC58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fortiborus indigens (Schedl) Schedl	<div><p>Fortiborus indigens (Schedl), comb. n.</p><p>Xyleborus indigens Schedl, 1955</p><p>Cyclorhipidion indigens (Schedl): Wood and Bright, 1992</p><p>Specimens examined. New Guinea (holotype, NHMW).</p><p>Comments. This species has a unique elytral declivity which is surrounded by a large elevated lateral sulcus with numerous pointed tubercles, the declivity appears deeply excavated.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFDEFFBA90BA6ACAA7FBFC58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFDEFFBA90BA6BA6A5B4FAFC.text	474887DDFFDEFFBA90BA6BA6A5B4FAFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fortiborus major (Stebbing) Stebbing	<div><p>Fortiborus major (Stebbing), comb. n.</p><p>Xyleborus major Stebbing, 1909</p><p>Xyleborus siclus Schedl, 1936 d syn. n.</p><p>Specimens examined. F. m a jo r: India, Bengal, Buxa (compared to type by Schedl, NHMW). X. siclus: Malaysia, Selangor (holotype, NHMW); Malaysia (BMNH, 3 indiv.).</p><p>Comments. A series of nearly identical specimens from Malaysia in BMNH and NHMW is inconsistently labeled X. major or X. siclus . The holotypes of X. siclus and that of Fortiborus major are indistinguishable in all important characters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFDEFFBA90BA6BA6A5B4FAFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFDEFFBA90BA6DCAA176F97C.text	474887DDFFDEFFBA90BA6DCAA176F97C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fortiborus pilifer (Eggers) Eggers	<div><p>Fortiborus pilifer (Eggers), comb. n.</p><p>Xyleborus pilifer Eggers, 1923</p><p>Xyleborus pseudopilifer Schedl, 1936 d, syn. n.</p><p>Specimens examined. F. pilifer: Maanderberg (holotype, MNB, type locality indicated in Eggers (1923) as: Deutsch Neu Guinea, Kaiserin Angustafluss); X. pseudopilifer: Malaysia, Selangor, Kepong (lectotype, NHMW); Malaysia, Sarawak, Kuching (BMNH).</p><p>Comments. X. pseudopilifer differs from F. pilifer only in size of tubercles on disc/declivity boundary.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFDEFFBA90BA6DCAA176F97C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFDEFFB990BA6F4AA66FFF3E.text	474887DDFFDEFFB990BA6F4AA66FFF3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fortiborus sulcinoides (Schedl) Schedl	<div><p>Fortiborus sulcinoides (Schedl), comb. n.</p><p>Xyleborus sulcinoides Schedl, 1974b</p><p>Cyclorhipidion sulcinoides (Schedl, 1974b): Wood and Bright, 1992</p><p>Comments. F. sulcinoides is very similar to F. pilifer, but has a transverse "saddle-like" impression on elytral disc. Holotype is not in ANIC, where it is stated to be deposited.</p><p>Specimens examined. New Guinea, Morobe (paratype, FICB); New Guinea, Oro Province, Popondetta (FICB); New Guinea, Western Province, Wavoi (FICB, 2 indiv.); New Guinea, Western Province, Fly River (2, MCG); New Guinea, Morobe (NHMW).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFDEFFB990BA6F4AA66FFF3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFDDFFB990BA6908A700FAC7.text	474887DDFFDDFFB990BA6908A700FAC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microperus Wood	<div><p>Genus Microperus Wood</p><p>Microperus Wood, 1980</p><p>Microperus Maiti and Saha, 1986</p><p>Coptodryas (Wood, 1986)</p><p>Coptodryas (Wood and Bright, 1992) Microperus (Hulcr et al., 2007)</p><p>(complete taxonomic history in Wood and Bright, 1992)</p><p>Type species. Xyleborus theae Eggers ((syn. with C. myristicae Schedl): Wood, 1989, syn. with M. diversicolor (Eggers, 1923): Hulcr &amp; Cognato, this publication)</p><p>Diagnosis. Antennal club type two (obliquely truncated, apex of second segment visible on posterior side), or three (first segment straight or convex, apex of second segment dominant on posterior side); scutellum not visible; elytral bases curved, costate, densely setose; elytral disc longer than declivity, punctures on elytral disc in strial lines; elytra light brown, reddish, or dark brown, pronotum often much lighter (yellow or orange); minute species, length 1.1- 2 mm, body size beyond 2 mm rare.</p><p>Comments. Coptodryas sensu Wood (1986) included diverse tropical species characterized by the absence of scutellum, and by recurved and costate elytral bases, which is probably associated with the elytral mycangium. However, the genus was morphologically extremely diverse, un-diagnosable, and polyphyletic (Cognato et al., 2011). Hulcr et al. (2007) resurrected Microperus Wood for a monophyletic clade of small and relatively uniform species. The molecular analysis of Cognato et al. (2010) confirmed relatedness of Microperus spp. and several other morphologically similar species, and the genus is augmented here.</p><p>Microperus in Cognato et al. (2010) is paraphyletic with respect to the clade containing Coptodryas elegans, Coptodryas curvidentis, Cryptoxyleborus percuneolus, and Xyleborus seriatus . All four species possess elytral mycangia, but differ in other characters. Their status is not resolved here.</p><p>A large number of variants of elytral vestiture and tuberculation of Microperus spp. were described as nearly 50 different species (Wood and Bright, 1992 under Coptodryas), however only a handful appear geographically and morphologically diagnosable and deserve species rank.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFDDFFB990BA6908A700FAC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFDDFFB890BA6D21A5BAFDDE.text	474887DDFFDDFFB890BA6D21A5BAFDDE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microperus diversicolor (Eggers) Eggers	<div><p>Microperus diversicolor (Eggers), comb. n.</p><p>Xyleborus diversicolor Eggers 1923</p><p>Coptodryas diversicolor Wood and Bright 1992 Xyleborus atavus Schedl, 1979b</p><p>Coptodryas atava (Schedl): Wood and Bright 1992 syn. n. Xyleborus myristicae Schedl 1939b syn. n.</p><p>Coptodryas myristicae Wood and Bright 1992 syn. n. Microperus myristicae Hulcr et al., 2007 syn. n.</p><p>Specimens examined. X. diversicolor: Philippines, Mindanao, Butuan (holotype, SMTD); Malaysia, Kelantan (1, Hulcr det. BMNH); Malaysia, Sabah, Danum Valley (2, Hulcr det. MSUC); New Guinea (1, Schedl det., FICB); New Guinea, Madang Province, Baiteta (1, Hulcr det. IRSNB); New Guinea, Morobe Province, Bulolo (1, Hulcr det. MSUC); New Guinea, Gulf Province, Ivimka (1, Hulcr det. UCD). X. atavus: New Guinea, Morobe Province, Bulolo (holotype, NHMW); X. myristicae: Indonesia, Java (1, Schedl det., NHMW); Indonesia, Sumatra, Solok (lectotype, NHMW); Indonesia, Java, Maswati (2, co-types, RMNH); X. theae: Indonesia, Java, Buitenzorg (2, Kalshoven det., RMNH); C. myristicae: New Guinea, Gulf Province, Ivimka (1, Beaver det., UCD).</p><p>Comments. Unlike most Microperus, M. diversicolor has antennae type 3 or 4 (first segment convex, second segment prominent, sometimes larger than the first, both second and third segments apparent on the posterior face of the club). All other synapomorphies of Microperus are present.</p><p>Except for its slightly larger size, holotype of X. atavus resembles holotype of Microperus diversicolor . Schedl (1979b) described X. atavus as related to Xyleborus brevipilosus Eggers, which was later synonymized with Coptodryas myristicae, which in turn is synonymized with M. diversicolor here.</p><p>Xyleborus myristicae (Schedl) ( Coptodryas myristicae (Schedl): Wood and Bright; Microperus myristicae (Schedl): Hulcr et al. 2007) shares all diagnostic characters with Microperus diversicolor . M. myristicae is a senior name of Xyleborus theae (syn. Wood, 1989), the type species of Microperus Wood 1980c .</p><p>Hulcr et al. (2007) transferred Coptodryas myristicae to Microperus, based on examination of non-type specimens identified by Browne. These specimens were nearly identical to the holotype of Coptodryas diversicolor (Eggers), also transferred to Microperus here, but had antenna of the type 1 (character of M. intermedius), instead 3 (character of M. diversicolor). Thus Browne's specimens used by Hulcr et al. were misidentified Microperus intermedius (Eggers) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFDDFFB890BA6D21A5BAFDDE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFDCFFB890BA6A22A0FAFBB0.text	474887DDFFDCFFB890BA6A22A0FAFBB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microperus intermedius (Eggers) Eggers	<div><p>Microperus intermedius (Eggers)</p><p>Xyleborus intermedius Eggers, 1923</p><p>Coptodryas intermedius (Eggers, 1923): Wood and Bright 1992 Microperus intermedius Hulcr et al. (2007)</p><p>Xyleborus nitellus Browne, 1984 syn. n.</p><p>Coptodryas nitella (Browne): Beaver, 1995 syn. n.</p><p>Specimens examined. M. intermedius: Malaysia, Sabah, Danum Valley (3 Hulcr det. MSUC); Philippines, Nagoya from Lianga (NHMW); Philippines, Mindanao (unspecified " type ", SMTD); locality not recorded (1, Hulcr det. NHMW); New Guinea, Madang Prov. (999 Hulcr det. MSUC), Oro Prov. (30 Hulcr det. MSUC), West Sepik (5 Hulcr det. MSUC),; X. nitellus: New Guinea (holotype, BMNH); New Guinea, Morobe Province, Bulolo (paratype, FICB).</p><p>Comments. Holotype of C. nitella is virtually identical to the large series of M. intermedius, except for slightly longer elytra ( C. nitella holotype: 1.1 mm, paratype: 1.0 mm, M. intermedius: 0.95-1.0 mm) and very small granules on declivity, obscured by dense setae. Antennal club type 1 is identical in both species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFDCFFB890BA6A22A0FAFBB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFDCFFB890BA6C81A684F818.text	474887DDFFDCFFB890BA6C81A684F818.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microperus parvus (Lea) Lea	<div><p>Microperus parvus (Lea), comb. n.</p><p>Xylopertha parva Lea, 1894</p><p>Coptodryas parva (Lea): Wood and Bright, 1992 Xyleborus liber Eggers, 1923 syn. n.</p><p>Coptodryas libra (Eggers): Wood and Bright, 1992 syn. n. Xyleborus pubipennis Schedl,1974a syn. n.</p><p>Coptodryas pubipennis (Schedl): Wood and Bright, 1992 syn. n.</p><p>Specimens examined. M. parvus: Australia, N. S. Wales (SAM, labeled as unspecified “ type ”, designated lectotype, Hulcr and Cognato, this publication); New Guinea, New Britain (1, Hulcr det. NHMW); New Guinea, Madang Prov. (791, Hulcr det., MSUC), Oro Prov. (17, Hulcr det., MSUC), West Sepik (40 Hulcr det., MSUC). X. liber: New Britain (Neubritannien) (lectotype, USNM); X. pubipennis: Vietnam, Thai-Novyen (paratype, NHMW).</p><p>Comments. Lea’s unspecified “ type ” in SAM is designated a lectotype (Australia, N. S. Wales, SAM, labeled as “ type ”). All Microperus synapomorphies are present: antennal club of type 1, obliquely truncated, first corneous segment dominant on both sides; elytral bases setose, notched around scutellar area, scutellum absent; strial punctures in rows, striae with minute pointed recurved spines, especially on declivity; minute, 1.4-1.9 mm long.</p><p>Lectotype of C. libra from New Britain is identical to most representatives of M. parvus, especially those from New Guinea. Shared characters include minute hooks on declivity (larger on declivital summit), small elytral hump, and clearly truncated antennal club.</p><p>Paratype of C. pubipennis in NHMW is a typical representative of M. parvus . It has antennal club type 1 (truncated, first segment prominent, with semicircular costa), flat elytral disc (not notably convex), row of minute recurved spines in each stria on elytral declivity.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFDCFFB890BA6C81A684F818	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFDBFFBF90BA68D4A6BEFDBE.text	474887DDFFDBFFBF90BA68D4A6BEFDBE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microperus pometianus (Schedl) Schedl	<div><p>Microperus pometianus (Schedl), comb. n.</p><p>Xyleborus pometianus Schedl, 1939a</p><p>Coptodryas pometiana (Schedl): Beaver 1998</p><p>Specimens examined. Malaysia, Sel. Sg. Bulok (lectotype, NHMW); Malaysia, Sarawak, Ng. Tekalit (1, Schedl det., FMNH); Malaysia, Sabah, Danum Valley (3, Hulcr det., MSUC); New Guinea, Southern Highlands, Lk Kutubu (BBM); New Guinea, East Sepik, Ambunti (Schedl det., BBM); New Guinea, Madang Province, Ohu (1, Hulcr det., MSUC); New Guinea, Gulf Province, Ivimka (1, R. A. Beaver det., UCD); New Guinea, Madang Prov. (2 Hulcr det., MSUC), Oro Prov. (6 Hulcr det., MSUC), West Sepik (2 Hulcr det., MSUC).</p><p>Comments. All key synapomorphies of Microperus are present, and the species was placed in Microperus with 100% posterior probablility within the phylogeny (Cognato et al., 2011). It is one of the smallest Microperus (1.1–1.6 mm), with antennal club type 3, flat elytral disc, and without spines or rugosities on elytrae except a few granules on declivity (which may be absent).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFDBFFBF90BA68D4A6BEFDBE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFDBFFBE90BA6A88A6CEFE4E.text	474887DDFFDBFFBE90BA6A88A6CEFE4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Planiculus Hulcr and Cognato	<div><p>Genus Planiculus Hulcr and Cognato, gen. n.</p><p>Type species. Xyleborus bicolor Blandford, 1894 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Planiculus is similar to Xyleborus and Wallacellus . It is distinguished from Xyleborus by flattened, broadened elytral declivity with very few if any tubercles, smaller size and slender body, inconspicuous prosternal posterocoxal process, elongated pronotal disc, and antennal club type 2 or 3. It is distinguished from Wallacellus spp. by much smaller size (rarely over 2.5 mm), rounded frontal margin of the pronotum, and its characteristic color pattern (basal part of pronotum often yellowish, anterior part dark yellow or brown, elytra dark brown), although variations exist.</p><p>Description. Eyes shallowly emarginate, upper portion of eyes smaller than lower part. Antennal club moreless circular shape, club type two (obliquely truncated, second segment visible on posterior side), or three (first segment straight or convex). First club segment covering most of posterior face of club, concave or straight on anterior face (may be slightly concave or convex), margin of first segment clearly costate. Second segment of club narrow, pubescent, visible on the anterior side only, or visible on both sides of club; if corneous then visible on anterior side only. Third segment of club absent from or partly visible on the posterior side of club. First segment of antennal funicle shorter than pedicel, funicle composed of 4 segments, scapus thicker and shorter than in most other genera. Mandibular mycangia may be visible as swellings on epistoma. Frons above epistoma smooth, alutaceous, with minor punctures. Submentum slightly impressed, very narrow triangle. Anterior edge of pronotum with no conspicuous row of serrations (serrations don't differ from those on the pronotal slope). Pronotum from lateral view elongated, with low summit (type 7), often with disc distinctly elongated (type 8), from dorsal view elongated basic shape with rounded frontal margin (type 7), or long, rounded anteriad (type 9). Pronotal disc shining or smoothly alutaceous, with small punctures, lateral edge of pronotum concave (pronotum very long), or obliquely costate. Procoxae contiguous, prosternal posterocoxal process conical and slightly inflated. No mycangial tufts of setae on pronotal basis or elytral basis. Scutellum flat, flush with elytra. Elytral bases straight, with oblique edge, elytral disc longer than declivity, flat, punctures in strial lines. Boundary between elytral disc and declivity distinct, or indistinct with end of disc rounded, smoothly transitioning into declivity. Lateral profile of elytral declivity gradually descending, often flat. Dorsal profile of elytral apex a useful synapomorphy: broadened laterally, sometimes narrowly emarginate. Elytral declivity with few setae or scales, not conspicuously pubescent. Posterolateral declivital costa ending in 7th interstriae. Declivital surface with no tubercles, or with uniform granules, or several tubercles on interstriae 1, 3 and beyond. First interstriae usually broadened at elytral apex, slightly inflated, bearing several tubercles. Protibiae distinctly triangular, slender on the upper part, broad and denticulate on the lower part, denticles small, their bases slightly elevated, usually 6 denticles present. Color uniformly light brown or reddish, rarely dark brown, pronotum almost always much lighter (yellow or orange) than elytra. Small to minute species, 1.4-2.5 mm, rarely up to 3.2 mm in montane species.</p><p>Etymology. L, masculine, refers to flattened elytra and small body size.</p><p>Comments. Planiculus is monophyletic in both morphological and molecular analyses (100% posterior probability, Cognato et al. 2010). Broadened declivital margin led Wood (1989) and Wood and Bright (1992) to include many Planiculus in Euwallacea . However, Euwallacea are unrelated large species (Cognato et al. 2010) with different suite of characters (Fig. 9). The lack of resolution within Planiculus on the morphology-based cladogram (Fig. 9) indicates extreme similarity of several species in this group. Several such previously described species appear to be multiple re-descriptions of the same morphotype based on differences in emargination of declivital apex, and pattern of granules on declivity. Such species are synonymized here. One declivital character with phylogenetic value is whether tubercles are on interstriae 1 and 3, or on all interstriae including interstria 2. The exact position of tubercles along interstriae varies.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFDBFFBE90BA6A88A6CEFE4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFDAFFBE90BA6C6AA795FADA.text	474887DDFFDAFFBE90BA6C6AA795FADA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Planiculus aries (Schedl) Schedl	<div><p>Planiculus aries (Schedl), comb. n.</p><p>Xyleborus aries Schedl, 1969b</p><p>Specimens examined. New Guinea (paratype, NHMW); New Guinea, Chimbu Prov. (50, Hulcr det., MSUC). Comments. P. a r i e s does not display all features of Planiculus, but its generic position is confirmed by both morphological (Fig. 9) and molecular analyses (Cognato et al., 2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFDAFFBE90BA6C6AA795FADA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFDAFFBD90BA6D25A577FD96.text	474887DDFFDAFFBD90BA6D25A577FD96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Planiculus bicolor (Blandford) Blandford	<div><p>Planiculus bicolor (Blandford), comb. n.</p><p>Xyleborus bicolor Blandford, 1894</p><p>Euwallacea bicolor (Blandford): Wood and Bright 1992 Xyleborus filiformis Schedl, 1975b syn. n.</p><p>Euwallacea filiformis (Schedl): Wood and Bright, 1992 syn. n. Xyleborus laevis Eggers, 1923 syn. n.</p><p>Euwallacea laevis (Eggers): Wood and Bright, 1992 syn. n. Xyleborus tumidus Schedl, 1975b, syn. n.</p><p>Euwallacea tumidus (Schedl): Wood and Bright, 1992, syn. n. Xyleborus glabratulus Browne, 1983 syn. n.</p><p>(complete taxonomic history in Wood and Bright, 1992)</p><p>Specimens examined. P. b i c o l o r: Japan, Nagasaki (syntypes, BMNH); Fiji, Namosi ( Xyleborus rameus Schedl det., syn. of P. b i c o l o r, BMNH); Indonesia, Sulawesi (1, Hulcr det., BMNH); Malaysia, Sabah, Danum Valley (2, Hulcr det., MSUC); New Guinea, New Britain (1, Hulcr det., FICB); New Guinea, Milne Bay, Mt. Dayman (1, Hulcr det., NHMW); Thailand, Pong Yaeng N. P. (2, R. A. Beaver det., MSUC); New Guinea, Madang Prov. (170, Hulcr det., MSUC), Oro Prov. (176, Hulcr det., MSUC), West Sepik (51, Hulcr det., MSUC). E. filiformis: New Guinea, Morobe Province, Bulolo (holotype, NHMW); New Guinea, Morobe Province, Bulolo (1, Hulcr det., FICB); New Guinea, Morobe Province, Bulolo (1, Hulcr det., NHMW). E. laevis: Indonesia, Java (lectotype, USNM); Philippines, Luzon (SMTD). E. tumidus: New Guinea, Morobe Province, Bulolo (holotype, NHMW). X. glabratulus: New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Viru Harbour, imported to Japan (Nagoya) (holotype, BMNH).</p><p>Comments. This species is distinguished from other Planiculus spp. by the rounded apex of elytra, and gently sloped declivity. The pattern of declivital granules is extremely variable, usually there are several larger tubercles on interstriae 1 and 3, and 0 or only very small granules on interstriae 2.</p><p>Planiculus bicolor, Euwallacea laevis, E. artelaevis, and E. tumidus are often confused and misidentified. Their type specimens are virtually identical, except body size and declivital sculpture varies among different regions or islands (Browne, 1966). The three known specimens of E. filiformis are slightly elongated P. b ic o lo r. They were collected at the same locality within two years, likely representing a local deviation of body shape. The separate position of E. filiformis holotype in our morphological phylogeny (Fig. 9) is due to the effect of missing values for inaccessible ventral characters. The holotype of X. glabratulus fits the variation within P. b i c o l o r. It differs only by its slightly more granulated and setose declivity, and slightly more prominent posterolateral declivital costa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFDAFFBD90BA6D25A577FD96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFD9FFBD90BA6AF7A6AEFBA6.text	474887DDFFD9FFBD90BA6AF7A6AEFBA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Planiculus immersus (Schedl) Schedl	<div><p>Planiculus immersus (Schedl), comb. n.</p><p>Xyleborus immersus Schedl, 1972b</p><p>Xyleborus hashimotoi Browne, 1986, syn. n.</p><p>Specimens examined. P. immersus: New Guinea, East New Britain, Lakunai (holotype, NHMW); New Guinea, Madang Province, Baiteta (1, Hulcr det., IRSNB); New Guinea, Madang Prov. (540, Hulcr det., MSUC), Oro Prov. (1, Hulcr det., MSUC), West Sepik (23, Hulcr det., MSUC). X. hashimotoi: New Guinea, West Papua, Fakfak, imported to Japan (Nagoya) (holotype, BMNH).</p><p>Comments. This species’s placement in Planiculus is supported by both morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses (100% posterior probability, Cognato et al. 2010). Wood and Bright (1992) indicated that the type specimen is in ANIC; but it is in NHMW. The type of X. hashimotoi is identical to P. immersus, including the exact position of tubercles on elytral declivity.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFD9FFBD90BA6AF7A6AEFBA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFD9FFBD90BA6C87A04BF8AF.text	474887DDFFD9FFBD90BA6C87A04BF8AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Planiculus limatus (Schedl) Schedl	<div><p>Planiculus limatus (Schedl), comb. n.</p><p>Xyleborus limatus Schedl, 1936 h</p><p>Euwallacea limatus (Schedl): Wood and Bright, 1992 Xyleborus subemarginatus Eggers, 1940 syn. n.</p><p>Euwallacea subemarginatus (Eggers): Beaver, 1998 syn. n. Xyleborus subparallelus Eggers, 1940 syn. n.</p><p>Euwallacea subparallelus (Eggers): Wood and Bright, 1992 syn. n.</p><p>Specimens examined. P. limatus: Philippines, Luzon, Mt. Makiling (holotype, NHMW, plus 1 other individual); Malaysia, Sabah, Danum Valley (52,Hulcr det., MSUC); New Guinea, Madang Prov. (1, Hulcr det., MSUC). E. subemarginatus: Java, Batoerraden (Lectotype, USNM); Indonesia, Java, Batoerraden (3 paratypes, NHMW); Indonesia, Java, Bandjar (2, Hulcr det., NHMW). E. subparallelus: Indonesia, Java, Batoerrad (lectotype and 1 non-type, USNM); Malaysia, Sarawak, Mt. Dulit (1, Hulcr det., NHMW).</p><p>Comments. P. limatus was placed in Planiculus in both morphological and molecular phylogenies (100% posterior probability, Cognato et al., 2011). It is similar to P. b i c o l o r (sharing small tubercles on interstriae 1 and 3), but its declivital apex is emarginate. Lectotype of E. subemarginatus differs from P. limatus by its smaller granules on declivital surface, larger granules on the end of interstriae 1, and less prominent posterolateral declivital costa. These features are extremely variable in Planiculus, also vary among the lectotype and paratypes of E. subemarginatus . Types of E. subemarginatus and E. subparallelus are virtually identical.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFD9FFBD90BA6C87A04BF8AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFD8FFB390BA68D4A6E7FE06.text	474887DDFFD8FFB390BA68D4A6E7FE06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Truncaudum Hulcr and Cognato	<div><p>Genus Truncaudum Hulcr and Cognato, gen. n.</p><p>Type species. Truncaudum impexum (Schedl)</p><p>Description. Eyes shallowly to deeply emarginate, upper portion of eyes smaller than lower part. Antennal club circular, club type two (obliquely truncated first segment, second segment visible on posterior side). First segment of club covering most of posterior face, margin of the first segment clearly costate all around the antenna, or mostly costate, may appear softer on posterior side. Second segment of club visible on both sides of the club, soft on posterior side, soft or corneous on anterior side. Third segment of club absent from or only partly visible on the posterior side of club. First segment of antennal funicle shorter than pedicel, funicle composed of 4 segments, scapus regularly thick. Frons rugged, coarsely punctate. Submentum deeply impressed, very narrow triangle. Anterior edge of pronotum with no conspicuous row of serrations (serrations don't differ from those on the pronotal slope). Pronotum from lateral view elongated, with low summit (type 7), from dorsal view elongated basic shape with rounded frontal margin (type 7). Pronotal disc shining or smoothly alutaceous, with small punctures, often richly pubescent. Lateral edge of pronotum obliquely costate. Procoxae contiguous, prosternal posterocoxal process tall and pointed. Mycangial tuft on pronotal basis or elytral absent. Scutellum flat, flush with elytra, or miniature, but always visible. Elytral bases straight, with oblique edge, elytral disc longer than declivity, flat, punctures on elytral disc in strial lines. Elytral declivity differs between T. agnatum, the most common Truncaudum, and all other Truncaudum spp. In T. agnatum, the lateral profile of elytral declivity is slightly convex, gradually sloped, dorsal profile of elytral apex rounded. Elytral declivity in T. agnatum is pubescent, often appearing rugose, with dense granules and punctures, posterolateral declivital costa absent, no tubercles on declivital interstria 2, several tubercles on interstriae 1 and 3, these often very dense, or in the form of spines. In all other members of the genus Truncaudum, declivity is sharply truncated, most often with pointed granules or large tubercles on declivital edge, and small tubercles inside the declivity on interstriae 1 and 3. Surface of declivity varies from shining and opalescent to coriaceous, granulate and conspicuously rugged. The rest of description applies to all species, including T. agnatum . First interstriae parallel on disc but broadened towards elytral apex, where they sometimes bear tubercles. Protibiae with evenly rounded edge, posterior side of protibia flat, with setae only. Protibial denticles small, bases of the denticles small to slightly enlarged, between 6 and 8 protibial denticles present. Most species reddish brown, darker towards abdomen. Entire body surface often richly pubescent. Length: 1.7-3.4 mm.</p><p>Diagnosis. The most characteristic feature of Truncaudum is the abruptly truncate elytral declivity, often surrounded by denticles. The genus is phylogenetically related to Amasa (Fig. 8, Cognato et al., 2011), but it differs from Amasa by the declivity surrounded with denticles, rich vestiture on most of body surface, elongated pronotal disc, and antennal club type 2. The unusual Truncaudum agnatum without truncated declivity can be mistaken with Xyleborus . T. agnatum has more abundant vestiture over its body, its declivity not surrounded by costa posteriad, and its prosternal posterocoxal process is slender and pointed. Truncaudum tuberculifer (Eggers, 1923) and Amasa sirambeanus (Eggers, 1923) bear combination of characters of both genera (Fig. 8), and their placement remains uncertain.</p><p>Etymology. L, neuter, refers to truncated declivity. Gender-specific endings of many species in this group were uncertain since Wood and Bright (1992) moved a number of them from Xyleborus (masculine) to Cyclorhipidion (neuter). Neuter names from the Catalog (Wood &amp; Bright, 1992) have been disseminated broadly, thus we chose a new genus name with neutral gender.</p><p>Biology: The known species excavate a single short tunnel leading to often large terminal brood cavity.</p><p>Comments. Schedl, Eggers, and others erected a number of species based on minute differences of elytral declivity, which unlikely represent unique lineages.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFD8FFB390BA68D4A6E7FE06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFD7FFB290BA6E95A65BFCFE.text	474887DDFFD7FFB290BA6E95A65BFCFE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Truncaudum agnatum (Eggers) Eggers	<div><p>Truncaudum agnatum (Eggers), comb. n.</p><p>Xyleborus agnatus Eggers, 1923</p><p>Cyclorhipidion agnatum (Eggers): Wood and Bright, 1992 Xyleborus delicatus Schedl, 1955 syn. n.</p><p>Cyclorhipidion delicatum (Schedl): Wood and Bright, 1992 syn. n. Cyclorhipidion subagnatum Wood, 1992 syn. n.</p><p>Xyleborus gratiosus Schedl (1975b) syn. n.</p><p>(complete taxonomic history in Wood and Bright, 1992, Bright and Skidmore, 1997) Specimens examined. T. agnatum: Malaysia, Sarawak (unspecified " type ", MCG); New Guinea, Hatam (co-type, MCG); Malaysia, Sabah, Danum Valley (4, Hulcr det., MSUC); New Guinea (1, Hulcr det., FICB); New Guinea, Western Province, Wavoi (1, Hulcr det., FICB); New Guinea, Madang Prov. (111 indiv.), Oro Prov. (5), West Sepik (33) (Hulcr det., MSUC). C. delicatum: New Guinea (holotype, NHMW). C. subagnatum: Philippines, Tumigan(?) (lectotype, NHMW); New Guinea, West New Britain (1, Hulcr det., FICB); New Guinea, Morobe Province, Bulolo (1, Hulcr det., MSUC); Philippines, Luzon, Tayabas (6 Hulcr det., SMTD). X. gratiosus: New Guinea (holotype, NHMW).</p><p>Comments. T. agnatum is the only Truncaudum without sharply truncated declivity. However, all other characters and a molecular phylogeny place this species within Truncaudum (Fig. 8, Cognato et al., 2011). It is extremely variable in body size (2.0-3.0 mm) and elytral declivity (from obliquely rounded to nearly truncated). Very similar to Cyclorhipidion californicum and C. pelliculosum, but not closely related (Cognato et al., 2011). T. agnatum differs by the more flatten declivity surrounded by conspicuous tubercles and the antennae type 2 (first segment covering most of posterior side), rather than 3 (not obliquely truncated, segments 2 and 3 clearly visible on both sided).</p><p>C. delicatum and C. subagnatum differ from T. agnatum in the slightly different size of several declivital tubercles, but not by any phylogenetically significant character. T. agnatum is almost identical to X. gratiosus, except the declivity appears superficially different. Strial punctures on the declivity of the X. gratiosus holotype (the only specimen known to us) are enlarged, and their inner surface is shagreened, which results in much more rugged appearance of the whole declivity.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFD7FFB290BA6E95A65BFCFE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFD6FFB190BA6BCFA6F6FF3E.text	474887DDFFD6FFB190BA6BCFA6F6FF3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Truncaudum impexum (Schedl) Schedl	<div><p>Truncaudum impexum (Schedl), comb. n.</p><p>Xyleborus impexus Schedl, 1942c</p><p>Xyleborus dentatulus Browne, 1981 syn. n. Xyleborus circumspinosus Schedl, 1972b, syn. n. Xyleborus falcarius Schedl 1942c, syn. n.</p><p>Xyleborus subdentatulus Browne, 1986 syn. n. Xyleborus vernaculus Schedl, 1975b, syn. n. Xyleborus putputensis Browne, 1986, syn. n.</p><p>Specimens examined. T. impexum: New Guinea (holotype, NHMW); New Guinea (2, BHJ); New Guinea (FICB); New Guinea, Madang Prov. (8, Hulcr det., MSUC), Oro Prov. (30, Hulcr det., MSUC), West Sepik (4, Hulcr det., MSUC). X. dentatulus: New Guinea, New Ireland, Kamdaru (holotype, BMNH); Takehara coll. 1975.; New Guinea, Morobe Province, Bulolo (3, Hulcr det., FICB); New Guinea, Madang Prov. (225, Hulcr det., MSUC), West Sepik (3, Hulcr det., MSUC). X. circumspinosus: New Guinea, Morobe Province, Bulolo (1, Schedl det., MSUC); New Guinea, Morobe, Umboi (paratype, NHMW). X. subdentatulus: New Guinea (holotype, BMNH). X. falcarius: New Guinea (holotype, NHMW). X. vernaculus: New Guinea, Manus island, Nuvok (holotype, NHMW). X. putputensis: New Guinea, New Britain (holotype, BMNH).</p><p>Comments. T. impexum has a very characteristic abruptly truncated elytra, with the declivity surrounded by conspicuous serrate costa. Serrations on the costa are extraordinarily variable and often different between the lower and the upper margin of the declivity. This variation is not correlated with genetic distance between individuals.. A preliminary analysis of intraspecific DNA sequence variation suggests that T. impexus morphotypes with different declivities belong to a single lineage. 28S rDNA sequence divergence (p-distance) of two very different morphotypes does not exceed 0.1%, while p-distances to T. longior and T. agnatum is 0.008 and 0.005, respectively. Differences between sequences of CO1 mtDNA are larger (randomly chosen variants of T. impexum) between 0.109 and 0.116 (nearly all substitution in 3rd codon sites), but much lower than average between-species difference among Truncaudum spp. (average p-distance = 0.147, never below 0.130) (data from Cognato et al., 2011).</p><p>Holotype of X. dentatulus Browne is virtually identical to that of T. impexum, only the serrations on the upper edge of declivity are slightly smaller. The declivity in X. subdentatulus has tubercles larger than in most T. impexum, but not exceedingly large, and in homologous positions. X. falcarius was described based on a single difference, a tooth on first interstria on declivital apex (Schedl, 1942c). X. vernaculus was described as different from X. falcarius (syn. with T. impexum here) by its gradually decreasing size of teeth on upper declivital margin (Schedl, 1975b). The actual difference in teeth size is minor, fully within the variation in T. impexum . Holotype of X. putputensis is a male of Truncaudum impexum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFD6FFB190BA6BCFA6F6FF3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFD5FFB190BA690FA53AFCF6.text	474887DDFFD5FFB190BA690FA53AFCF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Truncaudum longior (Eggers) Eggers	<div><p>Truncaudum longior (Eggers), comb. n.</p><p>Xyleborus longior Eggers, 1923</p><p>Cyclorhipidion longius (sic!) (Eggers): Wood and Bright, 1992 Xyleborus canarivorus Browne, 1986, syn. n. Xyleborus protii Browne, 1984, syn. n.</p><p>Xyleborus viaticus Schedl, 1974b, syn. n.</p><p>Specimens examined. T. longior: New Guinea, Maifluss (lectotype, USNM); New Guinea, Japen (BBM); New Guinea, Madang Province, Baiteta (1, Hulcr det., IRSNB); New Guinea, Madang Prov. (9, Hulcr det., MSUC). X. canarivorus: New Guinea (holotype, BMNH). X. protii: New Guinea, Stony L. A (paratype, BMNH); New Guinea, Stony L. A., Protium (1, Hulcr det., FICB). X. viaticus: New Guinea, Morobe Province, Bulolo (holotype).</p><p>Comments. Circumdeclivital costa of T. longior is unusually oblique, not carinate, with only few tubercles confined to the apex. Holotypes of X. canarivorus, X. protii, and X. viaticus are nearly identical to the holotype of T. longior .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFD5FFB190BA690FA53AFCF6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFD5FFB790BA6BD0A58AFEAD.text	474887DDFFD5FFB790BA6BD0A58AFEAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wallacellus Hulcr and Cognato	<div><p>Genus Wallacellus Hulcr and Cognato, gen. n.</p><p>Type species. Wallacellus piceus (Motschulsky, 1863) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Characters distinguishing Wallacellus from Euwallacea include: lateral aspect of pronotum basic type or flattened, elongated anteriad, not tall; body slender (length/width ratio 2.8 to 3.2), never longer than 3.5 mm, pronotal posterocoxal process slightly to distinctly inflated, protibial margin rounded, with 8 or more small denticles; apex of interstria 1 broadened, often elevated; declivital interstria 1 with tubercles distinctly larger than other interstria. Characters distinguishing Wallacellus from Xyleborus include: anterior costa of segment one on antennal club straight or slightly concave, not distinctly concave; anterolateral margins of pronotum slightly inflated, pronotum subquadrate (not rounded); protibiae with 8 or more small socketed denticles, sockets not enlarged; prosternal posterocoxal process slightly inflated (not distinctly inflated); declivity broadened laterally, elytral apex appears angulate; interstria 1 broadened on declivity, often elevated, tubercles on declivital interstria 1 larger than on other interstriae.</p><p>Description. Eyes emarginate, upper portion of eyes smaller than lower part. Antennal club circular, club type two (obliquely truncated, second segment visible on posterior side), or three (anterior costa of first segment straight or convex). First segment of club covering most of posterior face, its margin costate, may appear pubescent on posterior side. Second segment visible on both sides of the club, soft and thin on anterior side. Third segment pubescent on the anterior side of club, narrow on the posterior side. First segment of antennal funicle shorter than pedicel, only in W. striatulus longer than pedicel. Funicle composed of 4 segments, scapus regularly thick. Narrow triangular submentum slightly to deeply impressed. Serrations on anterior edge of pronotum absent. Pronotum from lateral view basic (type 0), or elongated, with low summit (type 7), from dorsal view subquadrate (type 3), or elongated and subquadrate (type 8), with anterolateral corners slightly inflated. Pronotal disc shining or smoothly alutaceous, with small punctures, lateral edge of pronotum obliquely costate. Procoxae contiguous, prosternal posterocoxal process conical and slightly to distinctly inflated. No mycangial tufts on basis of pronotum or elytra. Scutellum flat, flush with elytra. Elytral bases straight, with oblique edge, elytral disc longer than declivity, slightly to distinctly convex, punctures on elytral disc in strial lines. Lateral profile of elytral declivity slowly descending, often flat. Declivity broadened postero-laterally, posterolateral margins almost straight, elytral apex appears angulate. Posterolateral declivital costa ending in 7th interstriae. Declivity never with conspicuous pubescence. Declivital tubercles forming synapomorphic pattern: tubercles most conspicuous on interstriae 1, minute or absent on interstriae 2, intermediate on interstriae 3 and beyond. Striae may be slightly impressed, particularly striae 2, in W. striatulus striae and interstriae form ridges and furrows. First interstriae are slightly to distinctly broadened on declivity, bearing granules or tubercles. Protibial edge rounded, protibial denticles small, bases of the denticles not enlarged, with 6 to 8 denticles. Length: 2.0-2.9 mm. Color reddish brown to dark brown or black.</p><p>Etymology. M (masculine English origin, ICZN Code 30.2.), recognizes Alfred R. Wallace’s contribution to the development of Indopacific biogeography.</p><p>Comments. Establishment of Wallacellus gen. n. is the first attempt to revise the variable Euwallacea - Wallacellus - Xyleborus complex, where most characters are symplesiomorphic. Only one species of Wallacellus was represented in the molecular phylogeny of Cognato et al. (2010), thus the genus is designated using only morphological characters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFD5FFB790BA6BD0A58AFEAD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFD3FFB790BA69F4A79BFCCB.text	474887DDFFD3FFB790BA69F4A79BFCCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wallacellus piceus (Motschulsky) Motschulsky	<div><p>Wallacellus piceus (Motschulsky), comb. n.</p><p>Anodius piceus Motschulsky, 1863</p><p>Euwallacea piceus (Motschulsky): Wood and Bright, 1992 (complete taxonomic history in Wood and Bright, 1992)</p><p>Specimens examined. Sri Lanka, Montagnes de Nura-Ellia (holotype photograph, IZM), Malaysia, Sabah, Danum Valley (2, Hulcr det., MSUC); New Guinea (7 Hulcr det., BBM); New Guinea, Fiume Purari (1, Hulcr det., MCG); Thailand, Pong Yaeng N. P. (1, Hulcr det., MSUC); New Guinea, Madang Prov. (656, Hulcr det., MSUC), Oro Prov. (51, Hulcr det., MSUC), West Sepik (16Hulcr det., MSUC).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFD3FFB790BA69F4A79BFCCB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFD3FFB790BA6DA9A618F86F.text	474887DDFFD3FFB790BA6DA9A618F86F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wallacellus similis (Ferrari) Ferrari	<div><p>Wallacellus similis (Ferrari), comb. n.</p><p>Xyleborus similis Ferrari, 1867</p><p>(complete taxonomic history in Wood and Bright, 1992)</p><p>Specimens examined. Cocos Keelings Isl., (holotype, NHMW), New Guinea (holotype of X. novaeguineanus, syn. of X. similis, NHMW); Australia, Queensland (BMNH); Ecuador, Pichincha, Santo Domingo (2, Hulcr det., FMNH); Malaysia, Sabah, Danum Valley (11, Hulcr det., MSUC); New Guinea (10, Hulcr det., BBM.); New Guinea (1, Hulcr det., BMNH); New Guinea, Madang Prov. (778, Hulcr det., MSUC), Oro Prov. (6, Hulcr det., MSUC), West Sepik (8, Hulcr det., MSUC).</p><p>Comments. It is superficially similar to Xyleborus spp., but shares the following synapomorphies with Wallacellus piceus and W. striatulus: rounded protibiae with&gt;8 denticles; prosternal posterocoxal process only slightly inflated; pronotum subquadrate anteriad; sutural interstriae 1 on declivity broadened, with a pair of prominent and few minor tubercles.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFD3FFB790BA6DA9A618F86F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFD2FFB690BA68D4A56EFDD8.text	474887DDFFD2FFB690BA68D4A56EFDD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wallacellus striatulus (Browne) Browne	<div><p>Wallacellus striatulus (Browne), comb. n.</p><p>Xyleborus striatulus Browne, 1980</p><p>Specimens examined. New Guinea, East Sepik, Vanimo (holotype, BMNH), imported to Japan (Nagoya); New Guinea, Madang Prov. (68, Hulcr det., MSUC), Oro Prov. (5, Hulcr det., MSUC).</p><p>Comments. W. striatulus superficially resembles Euwallacea spp., but just as W. similis, the end of interstriae 1 is broadened and with one or more of dominant tubercles (not always present), the second interstriae have 0 or minute tubercles, and the third interstriae have often with more prominent tubercles. It can be distinguished from most similar Wallacellus and Euwallacea by conspicuous strial furrows and interstrial ridges covering most of declivital surface.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFD2FFB690BA68D4A56EFDD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
474887DDFFD2FFB690BA6AE5A1ACFBAB.text	474887DDFFD2FFB690BA6AE5A1ACFBAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xyleborus judenkoi (Schedl) Schedl	<div><p>Xyleborus judenkoi (Schedl), restored name</p><p>Xyleborus judenkoi Schedl, 1959</p><p>Coptodryas judenkoi (Schedl): Wood and Bright, 1992 unnecessary transfer</p><p>Specimens examined. Sri Lanka, Sabargamuva (holotype, NHMW); Sri Lanka, Sabargamuva (paratype, NHMW, 2 indiv.); New Guinea, Madang Prov. (2, Hulcr det., MSUC).</p><p>Comments. Transfer to Coptodryas by Wood and Bright (1992) was incorrect. X. judenkoi lacks mesonotal mycangium, has visible scutellum, strial punctuation in lines, and sparse vestiture. Its placement in Xyleborus is tentative, as it differs in many characters: has antennal club type 3, submentum nearly flat, mesosternal posterocoxal process flat, tubercles on declivity all evenly small, evenly distributed on all interstriae except 1. Holotype and paratypes of X. judenkoi do not correspond to original description (Schedl 1959), which indicated that declivity commences in the middle of the elytral length. Declivity starts in the posterior 3/4 or 4/5 of the elytra.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFD2FFB690BA6AE5A1ACFBAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hulcr, Jiri	Hulcr, Jiri (2010): New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 2717: 1-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199742
