taxonID	type	description	language	source
0B6A1434DA4F56138D4998B0910DCA81.taxon	description	Figs 10, 11, 12	en	Villarreal, Osvaldo, Ahumada-C., Daniela, Delgado-Santa, Leonardo (2023): Mapping the distribution of armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) in Colombia: updated list of species, taxonomic contributions, and insight of diversity in protected areas. ZooKeys 1175: 223-284, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485
0B6A1434DA4F56138D4998B0910DCA81.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. • Holotype: ♂ (CIUQ- 020635), Colombia - Valle del Cauca, Buenaventura, (3.8375, - 77.2436); 56 m; 12 Nov. 2022; (A. L. Garcia, L. Delgado-Santa leg.). • Paratypes: • 1 ♀ (CIUQ- 020636), same data as the holotype • 2 ♂♂ (CIUQ- 020637; CIUQ- 020638) same data as the holotype.	en	Villarreal, Osvaldo, Ahumada-C., Daniela, Delgado-Santa, Leonardo (2023): Mapping the distribution of armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) in Colombia: updated list of species, taxonomic contributions, and insight of diversity in protected areas. ZooKeys 1175: 223-284, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485
0B6A1434DA4F56138D4998B0910DCA81.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Ampycella fortunata sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other two species of the genus by the size ratio between the spines on the free tergites: spine on free tergite II larger than the spine on free tergite III (Figs 10 A, B, F, 11 A, B) (vs III larger than II). Additionally, it can be distinguished from A. frizzellae by having a low ocularium with two small tubercles (vs high ocularium with two erect spines) and the entire scutal area II (vs divided into three lobes); and from A. spiniventris for having the anterolateral part of scutal area II projected forwards, anterior to the middle part (vs anterolateral parts similar to the medial portion), and having longer dorsal spines on the coxa IV.	en	Villarreal, Osvaldo, Ahumada-C., Daniela, Delgado-Santa, Leonardo (2023): Mapping the distribution of armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) in Colombia: updated list of species, taxonomic contributions, and insight of diversity in protected areas. ZooKeys 1175: 223-284, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485
0B6A1434DA4F56138D4998B0910DCA81.taxon	description	Description. Measurements of body and appendages. Holotype: (CIUQ- 020635) DSL = 3.5, CL = 1.5, AL = 1.6, CW = 1.6, AW = 3.2, IOD = 0.4, BaCh = 0.5, FePp = 1.1; PaPp = 0.6, TiPp = 0.6, TaPp = 0.5, ClPp = 0.3, FeL I = 1.7, FeL II = 2.8, FeL III = 2.2, FeL IV = 2.4, TiL I = 1.3, TiL II = 2.2, TiL III = 1.4, TiL IV = 1.4. Paratype: (CIUQ- 020636 ♀) DSL = 3.5, CL = 1.4, AL = 2.0, CW = 1.7, AW = 3.4, IOD = 0.4, BaCh = 0.5, FePp = 1.1; PaPp = 0.6, TiPp = 0.7, TaPp = 0.5; ClPp = 0.3, Fe I = 1.4, FeL II = 2.7, FeL III = 2.1, FeL IV = 2.4, TiL I = 1.2, TiL II = 2.2, TiL III = 1.3, TiL IV = 1.5. Paratypes: (CIUQ- 020637; CIUQ- 020638, 2 ♂♂, min-max) DSL = 3.3 - 3.4, CL = 1.4 - 1.4, AL = 1.6 - 1.6, CW = 1.6 - 1.6, AW = 3.2 - 3.2, IOD = 0.4 - 0.4, BaCh = 0.4 - 0.4, FePp = 1.1 - 1.1; PaPp = 0.5 - 0.6, TiPp = 0.5 - 0.6, TaPp = 0.5 - 0.6, ClPp = 0.3 - 0.3, FeL I = 1.3 - 1.4, FeL II = 2.5 - 2.6, FeL III = 2.1 - 2.1, FeL IV = 2.2 - 2.3, TiL I = 1.1 - 1.1, TiL II = 2.1 - 2.1, TiL III = 1.2 - 1.3, TiL IV = 1.3 - 1.4. Male holotype (CIUQ- 020635). Dorsum (Figs 10 A, B, 11 A, B). DS outline type alpha. Dorsal scutum widest at scutal area II; lateral borders of dorsal scutum with yellowish granules only on the middle region. Carapace mostly smooth, with a group of granules on the posterior region. Ocularium located slightly posterior to the ozopores, with a paramedian pair of small tubercles. Mesotergum well delimited, divided into four well-marked areas: I divided medially into left and right halves, with a medial large tubercle on each half and one small lateral tubercle and two anterior granules on each side; II and III entire, with a paramedian pair of large tubercles and two to three pairs on each side; IV divided into two halves, with four tubercles on each side. Posterior border of the DS substraight, with a row of tubercles. Free tergites I with a row of tubercles; II and III with a medial large spine (spine in II larger than in III) and some lateral tubercles, some of them yellowish colored. Venter (Figs 10 B, C, 11 B). Stigmatic area with the posterior border convex, unarmed, only with minute granules sparsely distributed. Stigmata large, oval, and subparallel. Coxa I with two rows of large tubercles of different sizes; coxa II longer than coxae I and III, II and III with two rows of low tubercles, the anterior ones more conspicuous; coxa IV strongly backward and widened, conspicuously wider than the anterior coxae, with large tubercles in the posterior and lateral regions. Free sternites each with a row of small tubercles, the lateral larger. Chelicerae (Fig. 11 A). Chelicerae not swollen. Fixed finger with five teeth. Movable finger with ten teeth, one large tooth and distal inner surface dentate. Mesal side of the base of the fixed finger and near the base of the movable finger with setiferous tubercles of different sizes. Pedipalps (Figs 10 D, E). Trochanter unarmed. Femur slightly compressed, sub straight in lateral view, unarmed. Patella with one large dorsodistal tubercle and some granules. Tibia shorter than femur, dorsally smooth; tibia mesal II, ectal IIi. Tarsus shorter than tibia, dorsally smooth; tarsus mesal IIi, ectal IiIiii. Legs (Figs 10 A, 11 C-H). Coxa I to III with one anterior row of small tubercles; IV with five longitudinal rows and with a very large dorsodistal spiniform tubercle. Trochanters I and II with two prolateral, two retrolateral, and three ventral tubercles; III with three prolateral, three retrolateral, and three ventral tubercles; IV with three prolateral, three retrolateral, and four ventral tubercles. Tubercles of trochanter IV are more conspicuous than the others. Femora I and II without conspicuous ornamentation; femora III and IV with seven rows of spines. Patellae I-IV with small tubercles. Tibiae I-IV straight and with tubercles; IV with a row of conspicuous tubercles. Claws III and IV smooth. Ratio Fe IV / DSL = 0.69. Tarsal counts 5 (3) - 5 (3), 10 (3) - 10 (3), 6 - 6, 6 - 6. Penis (Fig. 12). Ventral plate (VP) sub-rectangular with medial constriction giving it a guitar-shaped appearance; distal border straight, without distal cleft. Glans + Stylus complex columnar, both parts well differentiated; stylus normally thickened, slightly curved S-shaped. MS-A 1 - A 3 aligned in the basal part of the VP; MS-B absent; MS-C 1 - C 3 aligned distally, similar in size and shape; MS-D 1 large, similar to MS-A, distally pointed, MS-D 2 absent; MS-E 1 - E 2 very small, near MS-C cluster. Coloration (in alcohol) (Fig. 10 A-E). Carapace, chelicerae, and legs reticulated Dark yellowish brown (78) on Strong yellowish brown (74), borders of the DS and free tergites Dark yellowish brown (78). Abdominal scutum Strong yellowish brown (74), with the scutal areas Dark yellowish brown (78); Coxae dorsally reticulated on background Dark orange yellow (72). Pedipalps, reticulated. Stigmatic area with two oval areas Dark orange yellow (72) surrounded by Dark yellowish brown (78). Tarsomeri III and IV Grayish olive (110). Female (CIUQ- 020636) (Fig. 10 F). Distinguished from male by carapace broader and the coda wider, genital operculum wider, spines on coxae IV present but less conspicuous than those found in males. and distal spine of femur smaller than in males.	en	Villarreal, Osvaldo, Ahumada-C., Daniela, Delgado-Santa, Leonardo (2023): Mapping the distribution of armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) in Colombia: updated list of species, taxonomic contributions, and insight of diversity in protected areas. ZooKeys 1175: 223-284, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485
0B6A1434DA4F56138D4998B0910DCA81.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type locality.	en	Villarreal, Osvaldo, Ahumada-C., Daniela, Delgado-Santa, Leonardo (2023): Mapping the distribution of armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) in Colombia: updated list of species, taxonomic contributions, and insight of diversity in protected areas. ZooKeys 1175: 223-284, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485
0B6A1434DA4F56138D4998B0910DCA81.taxon	etymology	Etymology. fortunata is a Latin word that means happy, lucky, and blessed. It is used in reference to the meaning of the name of the type locality Buenaventura.	en	Villarreal, Osvaldo, Ahumada-C., Daniela, Delgado-Santa, Leonardo (2023): Mapping the distribution of armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) in Colombia: updated list of species, taxonomic contributions, and insight of diversity in protected areas. ZooKeys 1175: 223-284, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485
2D7612C78A425544802FCB83DC574CE2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Outline of DS type alpha; four mesotergal areas well defined and unarmed; DS with small yellowish tubercle on the lateral margins (Fig. 10 A, B, F). Free tergites II and III with a posteromedial spine (Fig. 11 B). Penis (only known to A. fortunata sp. nov.): VP sub-rectangular with medial constriction, giving it a guitar-shaped appearance, and distal border without cleft; MS-A 1 - A 3 in the medial portion of the VP; MS-B absent; MS-C 1 - C 3 distally located, similar to each other; MS-D 1 as large as MS-A similar to each other, medially located and pointing distally. Stylus clearly differentiated from the glans, slightly curved in the distal portion (Fig. 12).	en	Villarreal, Osvaldo, Ahumada-C., Daniela, Delgado-Santa, Leonardo (2023): Mapping the distribution of armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) in Colombia: updated list of species, taxonomic contributions, and insight of diversity in protected areas. ZooKeys 1175: 223-284, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485
F4102D81CBD05AB58DDDA6E2F419A8FB.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2, 3, 4	en	Villarreal, Osvaldo, Ahumada-C., Daniela, Delgado-Santa, Leonardo (2023): Mapping the distribution of armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) in Colombia: updated list of species, taxonomic contributions, and insight of diversity in protected areas. ZooKeys 1175: 223-284, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485
F4102D81CBD05AB58DDDA6E2F419A8FB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. • Holotype: ♂ (ICN-Ao- 1908), Colombia, Cundinamarca, San Antonio del Tequendama, R. N. Los Tunos (4.562234, - 74.314527); 2,250 m; 3 Jun. 2018; (A. Garcia, S. Galvis leg.). • Paratypes: • 3 ♀♀ (ICN-Ao- 1909, with one used for description), same data as the holotype; • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (ICN-Ao- 1003), Colombia, Cundinamarca, San Antonio del Tequendama, R. N. Los Tunos; 28 Aug. 2006; (F. Borrero leg.).	en	Villarreal, Osvaldo, Ahumada-C., Daniela, Delgado-Santa, Leonardo (2023): Mapping the distribution of armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) in Colombia: updated list of species, taxonomic contributions, and insight of diversity in protected areas. ZooKeys 1175: 223-284, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485
F4102D81CBD05AB58DDDA6E2F419A8FB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Phalangodus andresi sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other species of the genus except P. palpiconus by the (1) presence of conspicuous granulation of mesotergal areas I - IV, lateral borders of dorsal scutum, ocularium and posterior region of the carapace (Figs 1 A, B, 3 A, B); (2) small size (males DSL ~ 10.7 - 11.9 mm), except P. kuryi (9.0 - 11.4 mm). It can be distinguished from the latter species by the ornamentation of the pedipalpal femur (with a very large ventroproximal tubercle absent in P. kuryi) (Fig. 3 D), and the presence of ornamentation in leg IV of the males (Fig. 3 G-J) (absent in P. kuryi), as well as the interocular distance, height of the ocularium and presence of paired tubercles near each eye (absent in P. kuryi). From P. palpiconus, the most morphologically similar species, it is distinguished by the ornamentation of the femur IV of the males, having a subdistal large and curved spine and a short distal bifid tubercle (Figs 2 E, F, 3 H, I) on the prolateral face (absent in P. palpiconus); lack of a retrolateral subdistal spine in the same segment (present in P. palpiconus (Hara et al. 2014: figs 4, 5 )); the shape of the VP of the penis, more elongated and with more marked medial constrictions, and the more basal position of MS-A / B groups.	en	Villarreal, Osvaldo, Ahumada-C., Daniela, Delgado-Santa, Leonardo (2023): Mapping the distribution of armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) in Colombia: updated list of species, taxonomic contributions, and insight of diversity in protected areas. ZooKeys 1175: 223-284, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485
F4102D81CBD05AB58DDDA6E2F419A8FB.taxon	description	Description. Measurements of body and appendages. Holotype ♂ (ICN-Ao- 1908): DSL = 10.8; CL = 4.5; AL = 6.3; CW = 5.6; AW = 7.4; IOD = 1.6; BaCh = 2.7; FePp = 2.1, PaPp = 1.1, TiPp = 1.6, TaPp = 1.3, ClPp = 1.1; FeL I: 6.0; FeL II = 11.4; FeL III = 8.9; FeL IV = 14.1; TiL I = 4.6; TiL II = 11.3; TiL III = 5.3; TiL IV = 8.2. • Paratypes: • (ICN-AO- 1909, ICN-AO- 1003, 4 ♀♀, min-max): DSL = 8.3 - 9.3; CL = 2.9 - 4.5; AL = 4.0 - 7.8; CW = 4.9 - 5.8; AW = 7.2 - 7.9; IOD = 1.4 - 2.0; BaCh = 1.4 - 1.9; FePp = 1.9, PaPp = 1.1, TiPp = 1.4, TaPp = 1.1, ClPp = 1.0; FeL I = 2.9 - 3.6; FeL II = 8.1 - 10.6; FeL III = 7.3 - 9.4; FeL IV = 8.9 - 14.4; TiL I = 3.8 - 4.5; TiL II = 7.9 - 9.5; TiL III = 4.9 - 5.7; TiL IV = 5.9 - 9.0. • (ICN-AO- 1003; 2 ♂♂, min-max): DSL = 10.7 - 11.8; CL = 4.9 - 5.3; AL = 6.6 - 7.4; CW = 5.3 - 6.3; AW = 7.4 - 8.8; IOD = 1.9 - 2.1; BaCh = 2.6 - 3.5; FePp = 1.9 - 2.1, PaPp = 1.0 - 1.2, TiPp = 1.5 - 1.7, TaPp = 1.2 - 1.4, ClPp = 1.1; FeL I = 5.1 - 6.4; FeL II = 11.1 - 11.1; FeL III = 9.4 - 10.6; FeL IV = 12.2 - 16.8; TiL I = 4.3 - 5.0; TiL II = 10.2 - 10.7; TiL III = 5.6 - 9.3; TiL IV = 8.4 - 10.2. Male holotype (ICN-Ao- 1908). Dorsum (Figs 1 A, B, 3 A, B). DS outline type alpha, with bulge longitudinally asymmetric widest at scutal groove II, lateral borders with granules only on the middle region. Carapace with few granules on the anterolateral and posterior region. Ocularium high, without median depression, with a paramedian pair of sharp tubercles and granules close to the eyes. Integumentary dome of ozopore raised and conspicuous. Abdominal scutum well delimited, divided into four well-marked scutal areas; I divided into left and right halves by invasion of the scutal area II; I and II granulated, with a pair of conspicuous medial tubercles, one tubercle on each side; III with a pair of paramedian acuminate spines and densely granulated; IV divided, with a row of six or seven granules on each side. Posterior border of the DS slightly convex and with a row of granules. Free tergites I-III with a row of granules. Venter. Coxa I with a row of large tubercles of different sizes; II longer than I and III, with two median rows of low tubercles, the anterior one more conspicuous; III densely covered with irregular rows of small tubercles and with the posterior border sigmoid; IV strongly backward, with a median row of tubercles in the medium area and lateral border, and small tubercles densely distributed. Stigmatic area with a row of small tubercles on posterior border and minute granules sparsely distributed. Stigmata large, oval, and oblique. Free sternites with a row of small granules. Chelicerae (Figs 2 A, 3 C). Segment I with well-defined bulla, with dorsomesal tubercles and a row of three large tubercles in the ectal region. Segment II swollen. Fixed finger with a proximal narrow and low tooth, a large gap and three subdistal median teeth. Movable finger with a proximal wide and low tooth, one large tooth and the distal inner surface irregularly dentate. Mesal side of the base of the fixed finger and near the base of the movable finger with setiferous tubercles of different sizes. Pedipalps (Figs 2 B, C, 3 D-F). Trochanter with a dorsal pair of paramedian tubercles. Ventrally with large bifid tubercle in distal portion. Femur slightly compressed, dorsally curved, and ventrally straight in lateral view, with dorsoectal distal row of granules, one dorsal, and one ventral row of large forward projected tubercles (the apicalmost of the ventral row bifid and thicker than the remaining), the ventrodistal portion unarmed. Mesal and ectal faces without large tubercles. Patella short, cylindrical, and curved, with a dorsal row of short tubercles and small dorsodistal granules. Tibia dorsally granulated; tibia mesal IiIi (3> 1> 2 = 4), ectal IiiIi (4> 1> 5> 2> 3). Tarsus dorsally granulated, tibia with spines only in the distal portion, mesal Ii, ectal IiIiI (3> 1> 5> 4> 2). Claw proximally swollen. Legs (Figs 1 A, 2 D-F, 3 B, 3 G-J). Coxa I and III smooth; II with one dorsal tubercle; IV with one dorsodistal domed large tubercle, and a row of large tubercles in the prolateral border. Trochanters I-III unarmed; II with a prolateral row of small tubercles; III with one retrodistal tubercle and one group of small prolateral tubercles; IV with small prolateral granules sparsely distributed and one row of small tubercles in the retrolateral border. Femora I-III straight and with longitudinal rows of granules; IV sub-straight, densely granulated, ventrally with one large subdistal tubercle hook-like shaped and one distal rounded trifid tubercle. Ratio Fe IV / DSL = 1.85. Patellae I-IV granulated. Tibiae I-V straight and densely granulated, unarmed. Metatarsi I to IV with rows of small granules, I-III unarmed, IV with a ventro-distal border pair of spines. Tarsi III and IV with subparallel smooth claws and tarsal process. Tarsal counts: 8 (3) - 8 (3), 13 (3) - 14 (3), 8 - 8, 8 - 7. Penis (Fig. 4). VP subsquare, with proximal and distal portion delimited by a medial constriction, and lateral rounded lobes in the proximal portion; distal border slightly concave. Glans + Stylus columnar, glans with some folds at the base, stylus normally thickened, shorter than the glans, substraight; stylar caps ring-shaped. MS-A / B groups indistinguishable from each other, located on the proximal portion of the VP, with an increase in setae and composed of three to four pairs; MS-C / D groups located in the distal portion of the VP, separated from MS-A / B by a small gap, the setae rearranged into two irregular rows, one laterodistal and one mesodorsal. MS-E presumably present, since they are very small (as in other members of the genus), and were not observable under the magnification used. Coloration (in alcohol) (Figs 1, 2). Carapace, DS borders, posterior region and ocularium reticulated in Moderate brown 58, on background Light yellowish brown 76 (in females, it is Dark brown 59 on background Light brown 57). Abdominal scutum Light yellowish brown 76 (in females, it is moderate orange 53), with the scutal areas Moderate brown 58 (in females, it is Strong brown 55). Free tergites Dark grayish yellowish brown 81. Pedipalps, chelicerae and trochanters Strong brown 55 reticulated; remaining segment of the legs Strong brown 55 reticulated with fine mottled Deep orange 51. Stigmatic area Strong brown 55. Tip of cheliceral teeth Deep reddish brown 41. Female (ICN-Ao- 1909) (Fig. 1 C, D). Differing from male by: ocularium slightly narrower; carapace shorter; coda wider (DS outline type alpha-keyhole); tubercles of area III slightly higher. Chelicerae non-hypertelic, with movable finger thinner. Pedipalpal femur lower and thinner in lateral view. Stigmatic area shorter. Genital operculum wider. Trochanters III and IV narrower; femur IV thinner, without large ventral-subdistal tubercle with hook-like shape and without a ventrodistal rounded trifid tubercle. For color differences, see the color description of the male. Ovipositor. Dorsal lobes (dl) and ventral lobes (vl) rounded, with four and two pairs of large, acuminated, single-tipped setae, respectively. The dl with three pairs of dorsal setae (ds) distally located and one pair basally located. Lateral region of the ovipositor with one pair of dorso-lateral setae (dls).	en	Villarreal, Osvaldo, Ahumada-C., Daniela, Delgado-Santa, Leonardo (2023): Mapping the distribution of armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) in Colombia: updated list of species, taxonomic contributions, and insight of diversity in protected areas. ZooKeys 1175: 223-284, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485
F4102D81CBD05AB58DDDA6E2F419A8FB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type locality.	en	Villarreal, Osvaldo, Ahumada-C., Daniela, Delgado-Santa, Leonardo (2023): Mapping the distribution of armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) in Colombia: updated list of species, taxonomic contributions, and insight of diversity in protected areas. ZooKeys 1175: 223-284, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485
F4102D81CBD05AB58DDDA6E2F419A8FB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named in honor of our colleague and friend, the arachnologist Andres F. Garcia, who has greatly enriched the field's knowledge of Opiliones in Colombia and described the vast majority of species within the genus Phalangodus; moreover, he was the collector of the type series for this species.	en	Villarreal, Osvaldo, Ahumada-C., Daniela, Delgado-Santa, Leonardo (2023): Mapping the distribution of armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) in Colombia: updated list of species, taxonomic contributions, and insight of diversity in protected areas. ZooKeys 1175: 223-284, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485
56E54EE2952A5FB8967FD1E2C341F6D0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. See Villarreal and Garcia (2016).	en	Villarreal, Osvaldo, Ahumada-C., Daniela, Delgado-Santa, Leonardo (2023): Mapping the distribution of armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) in Colombia: updated list of species, taxonomic contributions, and insight of diversity in protected areas. ZooKeys 1175: 223-284, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485
A53E326C59B45679BB2ABCC283D29198.taxon	description	Figs 5, 6, 7, 8, 9	en	Villarreal, Osvaldo, Ahumada-C., Daniela, Delgado-Santa, Leonardo (2023): Mapping the distribution of armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) in Colombia: updated list of species, taxonomic contributions, and insight of diversity in protected areas. ZooKeys 1175: 223-284, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485
A53E326C59B45679BB2ABCC283D29198.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. • Holotype: ♂ (CIUQ- 020631), Colombia - Valle del Cauca, Buenaventura, (3.8375, - 77.2436); 56 m; 12 Nov. 2022; (A. L. Garcia, L. Delgado-Santa leg.). • Paratypes: • 1 ♀ (CIUQ- 020632), same data as the holotype • 1 ♂ (MIZA 0105869) same data as the holotype • 1 ♂ (MNRJ 1596) same data as the holotype. Other material examined. • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (CIUQ- 020634) same data as the holotype.	en	Villarreal, Osvaldo, Ahumada-C., Daniela, Delgado-Santa, Leonardo (2023): Mapping the distribution of armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) in Colombia: updated list of species, taxonomic contributions, and insight of diversity in protected areas. ZooKeys 1175: 223-284, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485
A53E326C59B45679BB2ABCC283D29198.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Ventrifurca phallaina sp. nov. can be distinguished from V. abnormis by the scarce ornamentation of the mesotergal areas I to III; also, can be distinguished from all other species of the genus by the ornamentation pattern of the yellow tubercles on dorsal scutum, restricted to the lateral of carapace and posterolateral portion of DS (Figs 5 A, B, 6 A, B, 9 A, B); the presence of a yellow spot on the anterolateral portion of the carapace; the shape and size of posteroventral projections on the stigmatic area, simple and short (Figs 5 C, 6 C), instead of bifid and globular (V. albipustulata) or large and digitiform or curve (V. caffeinica and V. abnormis); and the absence of yellow tubercles on the mesotergal area III, behind the paired spines (present in V. albipustulata and V. caffeinica). The genital morphology is very similar to V. albipustulata, with slight differences in relation to the shape of the concavity of the truncus (Fig. 8).	en	Villarreal, Osvaldo, Ahumada-C., Daniela, Delgado-Santa, Leonardo (2023): Mapping the distribution of armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) in Colombia: updated list of species, taxonomic contributions, and insight of diversity in protected areas. ZooKeys 1175: 223-284, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485
A53E326C59B45679BB2ABCC283D29198.taxon	description	Description. Measurements of body and appendages. Holotype: (CIUQ- 020631 ♂). DSL = 8.3, CL = 3.1, AL: 5.2, CW = 3.2, AW = 5.3, IOD = 0.9; BaCh = 0.8, FePp = 2.1, PaPp = 1.1, TiPp = 1.5, TaPp = 1.3, ClPp = 0.9; FeL I = 3.8, FeL II = 9.8, FeL III = 7.6, FeL IV = 9.8, TiL I = 2.8, TiL II = 7.4, TiL III = 3.0, TiL IV = 5.4. Paratypes: • (MNRJ 1596, 1 ♂; MIZA 0105869 1 ♂): DSL = 7.8 - 8.4; CL = 3.4 - 3.2, AL = 3.9 - 5.3, CW = 4.0 - 4.3, AW = 6.5 - 6.7, IOD = 1.1 - 1.2; BaCh = 0.8 - 0.9; FePp = 2,3, PaPp = 1.3, TiPp = 1.7, TaPp = 1.2; ClPp = 1.3; FeL I = 4.6 - 4.8, FeL II = 10.6 - 10.8, FeL III = 7.4 - 8.1, FeL IV = 10.7 - 11.2, TiL I = 3.1 - 3.3, TiL II = 7.9 - 8.9, TiL III = 3.7 - 4.3, TiL IV = 5.9 - 6.0. • (CIUQ- 020632, ♀): DSL = 6.0, CL = 2.7, AL = 2.9, CW = 3.0, AW = 5.2, IOD = 1.1; BaCh = 0.9; FePp = 2.2, PaPp = 1.2, TiPp = 1.6, TaPp = 1.1, ClPp = 1.1; FeL I = 2.6, FeL = II, 7.4, FeL III = 6.2; FeL IV = 8.1, TiL I = 1.5, TiL II = 5.2, TiL III = 3.5, TiL IV = 4.6. Male holotype (CIUQ- 020631). Dorsum (Figs 5 A, B, 6 A, B). DS outline type Gamma pyriform. Mesotergum widest at groove III level; lateral margin of DS with yellow rounded tubercles from carapace to area I, following outline of scutum. Carapace with three or four tubercles on each side of the anterior border. Ocularium low, armed with a paramedian pair of acuminate forward inclined tubercles and some small tubercles near the eyes. Integumentary dome of ozopore raised and conspicuous. Mesotergum well delimited, divided into three well-marked areas: area I divided into two roughly ellipsoidal halves by longitudinal groove, with a paramedian pair of large tubercles and four small tubercles; II penetrating subtly into I, with a median transverse row of eight small tubercles; III with a pair of paramedian acuminate high subparallel spines, located near the posterior margin; vestigial groove between III and IV present, partially blurred and located just behind the spines. Posterior border of DS straight. Free tergites I-III with a pair of paramedian large granules, I to II with one to three smaller laterodistal granules on each side; III armed with a posterior row of 11 tubercles, the paramedian pair much stouter. Venter (Figs 5 B, C, 6 B, C). Coxa I with a row of tubercles of different size; coxa II longer than coxae I and III, with a cluster of distal tubercles of different size; coxa IV strongly backward. Stigmatic area with minute granules sparsely distributed, posterior border with posterodistal process very small. Stigmata large and oval. Chelicerae (Figs 5 D, 6 D). Segment I with well-defined bulla, with a row of four or five tubercles in ectal region. Segment II slightly swollen, with a row of large setiferous tubercles near to the base of the movable finger and a few mesal setiferous tubercles. Fixed finger with three medial teeth, decreasing in size. Movable finger with one large and wide medial tooth, accompanied by two flat, low teeth on each side. Pedipalps (Figs 6 E, F, 7). Trochanter with tubercles, in dorsal and ventral region. Femur cylindrical, slightly elongated, armed with a longitudinal row of four tubercles in dorsal side and three tubercles in ventral side. Patella short, cylindrical, and curved, with row of tubercles in dorsal view, one ectodistal and two parallel rows of tubercles in mesal view tubercles. Legs (Figs 5 A-C, 6 A, B, G, H). Coxae I and II with one anterior row of large tubercles; III with two rows and IV with two diagonal rows. Trochanter I with two prolateral, two retrolateral and four ventral tubercles; II with two prolateral, two retrolateral and five ventral tubercles; III with four prolateral, two retrolateral and four ventral tubercles; IV with one prolateral, one retrolateral and five ventral tubercles, more conspicuous than those from the other trochanters. Tubercles of trochanter IV more conspicuous than the others. Femora I to III straight, with longitudinal rows of granules; IV curved in its proximal portion, with seven longitudinal rows of tubercles, the retrolateral row with large proximal tubercles, and one large subdistal tubercle on the same row. Patellae I-IV with small tubercles. Tibiae and metatarsi I-V straight and granulate, unarmed. Claws III and IV smooth, with two minute proximal ventral protuberances. Ratio Fe IV / DSL = 1.35. Tarsal process present. Tarsal counts 7 (3) - 7 (3), 14 (3) - 14 (3), 7 - 7, 7 - 7. Penis (Fig. 8). Ventral plate (VP) with concave lateral margins, with subdistal constriction and the distal corners ear-shaped, apical wide u-shaped cleft. Glans + Stylus complex surpassing the VP, glans columnar, with folds at the base, stylus normally thickened, sub-straight; stylar caps foliar-shaped, short. MS-A 1 - A 2 straight, located at the distal portion of the VP; MS-B absent; MS-C 1 - C 3 curve, close to each other, and located in the distal part of the VP; MS-D 1 larger than MS-C group, curve and located medially to MS-C, MS-D 2 absent; MS-E 1 - E 2 small, located on the flange of the VP. Truncus with ventral concavity next to the VP. Coloration (in alcohol) (Fig. 5). Carapace, border of the DS, scutal grooves and adjacencies, and free tergites reticulated Dark brown 59, on background Brownish orange 54 and Brilliant orange yellow 67. Scutal areas Brilliant yellow 83. Trochanters I-III same as the carapace; IV Blackish red 21 and Brownish black 65. Pedipalps and chelicerae strong yellow 84 reticulated. Stigmatic area Strong yellowish brown 74. Tip of cheliceral teeth Dark olive 108. Female (CIUQ- 020632) (Fig. 9). Differing from male by carapace shorter than male, coda wider, femur IV thinner and with less conspicuous spination, free tergite spines larger, and stigmatic area without posterior process.	en	Villarreal, Osvaldo, Ahumada-C., Daniela, Delgado-Santa, Leonardo (2023): Mapping the distribution of armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) in Colombia: updated list of species, taxonomic contributions, and insight of diversity in protected areas. ZooKeys 1175: 223-284, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485
A53E326C59B45679BB2ABCC283D29198.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type locality.	en	Villarreal, Osvaldo, Ahumada-C., Daniela, Delgado-Santa, Leonardo (2023): Mapping the distribution of armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) in Colombia: updated list of species, taxonomic contributions, and insight of diversity in protected areas. ZooKeys 1175: 223-284, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485
A53E326C59B45679BB2ABCC283D29198.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Phallaina is a Greek word that means whale. It is used in apposition as a reference to the humpbacked shape of the species in lateral view.	en	Villarreal, Osvaldo, Ahumada-C., Daniela, Delgado-Santa, Leonardo (2023): Mapping the distribution of armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) in Colombia: updated list of species, taxonomic contributions, and insight of diversity in protected areas. ZooKeys 1175: 223-284, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485
1A326DFDC42F5BA9AD54B23750D8F965.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Villarreal et al. (2015).	en	Villarreal, Osvaldo, Ahumada-C., Daniela, Delgado-Santa, Leonardo (2023): Mapping the distribution of armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) in Colombia: updated list of species, taxonomic contributions, and insight of diversity in protected areas. ZooKeys 1175: 223-284, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485
