identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
FE94266EAC505E12931C9ECE5985DE9A.text	FE94266EAC505E12931C9ECE5985DE9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gongylidioides heimifengensis Yan & Wu & Zhou & Peng 2025	<div><p>Gongylidioides heimifengensis sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 3, 4</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: • ♂ (HNU -HMF 2303-01), China, Hunan Prov., Changsha City, Wangcheng District, Qiaoyi Town, Changsha Heimifeng National Forest Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.00199&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.46921" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.00199/lat 28.46921)">Heimifeng Village</a>; 28.46921 ° N, 113.00199 ° E; 98 m a. s. l.; 28 November 2023; X. J. Peng, S. L. Li, Z. Y. Liu, X. Y. Qin, G. Tang leg. Paratypes: • 4 ♀ 3 ♂ same data as for the holotype (HNU -HMF 2303-02 ~ 03) .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet is derived from the type locality; adjective.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Gongylidioides heimifengensis sp. nov. resembles that of G. cucullatus Oi, 1960 in having a similar paracymbium (Figs 2, 3; Oi 1960, figs 140, 141), and epigyne with a similar morphology (Fig. 4 A, B; Oi 1960, fig. 142), but can be differentiated by (1) carapace slightly elevated in middle (Fig. 1 A – C; vs. strongly elevated to a hooded lobe); (2) embolus helical-shaped, forming a coil on distal end of palp (Figs 2, 3 B, C; vs. not coiled, extending to ventral of tegulum); (3) tip of retrolateral tibial apophysis bifurcated (Figs 2 B, 3 A; vs. not bifurcated); (4) dorsal plate semicircular (Fig. 4 A; vs. posterior end narrow, tongue-shaped); (5) copulatory ducts helical (Fig. 4 B; vs. n-shaped); and (6) spermathecae located at apexes of copulatory ducts anteriorly (Fig. 4 B; vs. located dorso-laterally).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype, Fig. 1 A – C). Total length 1.73. Carapace 0.81 long, 0.95 wide; abdomen 1.00 long, 0.68 wide. Carapace oval, slightly yellow; the elevated middle with one small cluster of setae; fovea extremely thin, radial groove absent; AER bent backwards, PER bent forwards; center of ocular area with dense black hairs. Chelicerae pale yellow, with five promarginal and four retromarginal teeth. Endite and labium yellowish brown, sternum blackish brown. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.07, PME 0.07, PLE 0.07; AME - AME 0.05, AME - ALE 0.05, PME - PME 0.04, PME - PLE 0.05, ALE - PLE 0.00. MOA 0.17 long, anterior width 0.13, posterior width 0.16. Clypeus height 0.13. Legs light yellow. Leg measurements: I 2.20 (0.83, 0.65, 0.44, 0.28), II 2.37 (0.71, 0.78, 0.52, 0.36), III 2.07 (0.60, 0.62, 0.51, 0.34), IV 2.63 (0.77, 0.86, 0.62, 0.38). Leg formula: 4213. Abdomen oval and white; dorsum and venter with axisymmetric grey maculae; lateral with triangular black maculae surrounding spinnerets. Spinnerets white.</p><p>Palp (Figs 2, 3). Patella as long as tibia. RTA finger-like, much longer than wide, with bifurcated tip; DTA short, wider than long, with blunt end. Paracymbium sclerotized, handgun-shaped, with long setae in the middle, hook-shaped apex bending to tibia. Tegulum large, with a triangular transparent protegulum; subtegulum longitudinal, with sclerotized margin; DSA stout. Radix sclerotized and strongly curved, triangular apex bent upward; lamella translucent. Embolus sclerotized, long and helical-shaped; base left-handed spiral and apex right-handed spiral.</p><p>Female (paratype, Fig. 1 D – F). Total length 1.75. Carapace 0.74 long, 0.56 wide; abdomen 1.00 long, 0.65 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.06, PME 0.06, PLE 0.07, AME - AME 0.02, AME - ALE 0.03, PME - PME 0.03, PME - PLE 0.04, ALE - PLE 0.01. MOA 0.20 long, anterior width 0.11, posterior width 0.15. Clypeus height 0.08. Leg measurements: leg I 2.45 (0.77, 0.87, 0.50, 0.31); II 2.40 (0.67, 0.82, 0.57, 0.34); III 1.90 (0.57, 0.52, 0.45, 0.36); IV 2.58 (0.77, 0.88, 0.59, 0.34). Leg formula: 4123. Carapace pyriform. Abdomen yellowish white, with two black striped maculae laterally. Other characters as in male.</p><p>Epigyne (Fig. 4 A, B). Plate about as long as wide. DP semicircular, extending beyond epigynal furrow; CO small. CD helical; helical coils close to each other; spermathecae finger-shaped, located at apexes of CD anteriorly; FD short and translucent.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from the type locality (Fig. 9).</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Males (N = 4): total length 1.69–1.75; females (N = 4): total length 1.51–1.89.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE94266EAC505E12931C9ECE5985DE9A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yan, Wen-long;Wu, Feng-qin;Zhou, Yu-chen;Peng, Xian-jin	Yan, Wen-long, Wu, Feng-qin, Zhou, Yu-chen, Peng, Xian-jin (2025): Four new species of Linyphiidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Hunan Province, China. ZooKeys 1253: 243-254, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1253.165585
34705AF546375097B84DC7FAC406F8D5.text	34705AF546375097B84DC7FAC406F8D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gongylidioides Oi 1960	<div><p>Genus Gongylidioides Oi, 1960</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Gongylidioides cucullatus Oi, 1960 .</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The genus Gongylidioides comprises 22 species, including one species known from males and four from females only, distributed in China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia (Peninsula), Russia (Far East) and Vietnam. In China, 15 species have been reported (Anhui, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jilin, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan and Zhejiang) (WSC 2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/34705AF546375097B84DC7FAC406F8D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yan, Wen-long;Wu, Feng-qin;Zhou, Yu-chen;Peng, Xian-jin	Yan, Wen-long, Wu, Feng-qin, Zhou, Yu-chen, Peng, Xian-jin (2025): Four new species of Linyphiidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Hunan Province, China. ZooKeys 1253: 243-254, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1253.165585
9FA51D55E11C57C085BF1727446BC110.text	9FA51D55E11C57C085BF1727446BC110.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gongylidium Menge 1868	<div><p>Genus Gongylidium Menge, 1868</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Gongylidium nigricans Menge, 1868; syn. of Gongylidium rufipes (Linnaeus, 1758) .</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The genus Gongylidium comprises eight species, including one species known from males and three from females only, distributed in China, Italy, Kazakhstan, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Turkey and Europe. In China, six species have been reported (Guizhou, Hubei, Yunnan) (WSC 2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9FA51D55E11C57C085BF1727446BC110	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yan, Wen-long;Wu, Feng-qin;Zhou, Yu-chen;Peng, Xian-jin	Yan, Wen-long, Wu, Feng-qin, Zhou, Yu-chen, Peng, Xian-jin (2025): Four new species of Linyphiidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Hunan Province, China. ZooKeys 1253: 243-254, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1253.165585
2C79795605455B589E2A2EDE8D1BD652.text	2C79795605455B589E2A2EDE8D1BD652.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gongylidium subbifurcatum Yan & Wu & Zhou & Peng 2025	<div><p>Gongylidium subbifurcatum sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5 A – C, 6 A, B</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: • ♀ (XFS-2202-05), China, Hunan Prov., Shaoyang City, Dongkou County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.32123&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.146776" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.32123/lat 27.146776)">Jiangkou Town</a>; 27.146777 ° N, 110.321231 ° E; 1340 m a. s. l.; 09 July 2022; Y. C. Zhou, S. L. Li, Y Peng, M. T. Zhang, L. F. Li leg. Paratype: • 1 ♀ (XFS-2202-04), same data as for the holotype .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name refers to the similarity of this species to G. bifurcatum Irfan, Zhang &amp; Peng, 2022; adjective.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The female of this new species resembles that of G. bifurcatum Irfan, Zhang &amp; Peng, 2022 in having a similar morphology of the epigyne (Fig. 6 A, B; Irfan et al. 2022, fig. 115 A – C), but can be differentiated by (1) ventral plate well-developed (Fig. 6 A; vs. reduced); (2) copulatory ducts C-shaped (Fig. 6 B; vs. forming a wave-like loop); and (3) dorsal plate slightly covered by ventral plate (Fig. 6 A, B; vs. almost not covered).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female (holotype, Fig. 5 A – C). Total length 2.70. Carapace 1.16 long, 0.86 wide; abdomen 1.44 long, 1.48 wide. Carapace brown; cervical and radial grooves distinct, fovea indistinct; AER and PER horizontal. Chelicerae light brown, with five promarginal and four retromarginal teeth. Endite and labium light brown; sternum blackish brown. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.09, PME 0.08, PLE 0.09; AME - AME 0.01, AME - ALE 0.04, PME - PME 0.05, PME - PLE 0.05, ALE - PLE 0.00. MOA 0.18 long, anterior width 0.12, posterior width 0.20. Clypeus height 0.14. Leg measurements: I 3.30 (0.93, 1.09, 0.73, 0.55), II 2.23 (0.76, 0.66, 0.41, 0.40), III 2.68 (0.78, 0.85, 0.62, 0.43), IV 3.33 (0.96, 1.09, 0.80, 0.48). Leg formula: 4132. Legs yellowish brown. Abdomen pear-shaped; black dorsum longitudinally separated by thin white band in middle, lateral pale brown with scaly patches, venter yellowish brown. Spinneret brown.</p><p>Epigyne (Fig. 6 A, B). Plate rectangular, about 2 × wider than long; septum broad, located at posterior half of plate; CD posteriorly oblique. CD slender, forming one loop before entering spermathecae; spermathecae global; FD short and taper.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from the type locality (Fig. 9).</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Females (N = 2): total length 2.13–2.70.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C79795605455B589E2A2EDE8D1BD652	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yan, Wen-long;Wu, Feng-qin;Zhou, Yu-chen;Peng, Xian-jin	Yan, Wen-long, Wu, Feng-qin, Zhou, Yu-chen, Peng, Xian-jin (2025): Four new species of Linyphiidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Hunan Province, China. ZooKeys 1253: 243-254, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1253.165585
03E0DCA5B7E55AA289D4693F442F3F65.text	03E0DCA5B7E55AA289D4693F442F3F65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gongylidium trapezium Yan & Wu & Zhou & Peng 2025	<div><p>Gongylidium trapezium sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5 D – F, 6 C, D</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: • ♀ (XFS- 2204-03), China, Hunan Prov., Shaoyang City, Dongkou County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.34339&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.146883" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.34339/lat 27.146883)">Jiangkou Town</a>; 27.146883 ° N, 110.343392 ° E; 1294.37 m a. s. l.; 11 July 2022; Y. C. Zhou, S. L. Li, Y Peng, M. T. Zhang, L. F. Li leg.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is derived from the Latin adjective “ trapezium ”, meaning trapeziform, referring to the outline of the dorsal plate in the epigynal plate.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The female of this new species resembles that of G. demersum Irfan, Zhang &amp; Peng, 2025 in having similar copulatory ducts (Fig. 6 C, D; Irfan et al. 2025, fig. 96 A – C), but can be differentiated by the (1) dorsal plate three times wider than long (Fig. 6 C; vs. two times wider than long); and (2) spermathecae located dorso-laterally (Fig. 6 D; vs. located anteriorly).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female (holotype, Fig. 5 D – F). Total length 1.71. Carapace 0.83 long, 0.62 wide; abdomen 0.88 long, 0.76 wide. Carapace yellowish brown; cervical groove and fovea indistinct; AER horizontal, PER strongly bent forwards. Chelicerae yellowish brown, with six promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. Endite, labium and sternum yellowish brown. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.05, PME 0.05, PLE 0.04; AME - AME 0.01, AME - ALE 0.03, PME - PME 0.05, PME - PLE 0.05, ALE - PLE 0.01. MOA 0.14 long, anterior width 0.10, posterior width 0.15. Clypeus height 0.11. Leg measurements: I 1.91 (0.63, 0.63, 0.35, 0.30), II 1.67 (0.52, 0.53, 0.30, 0.32), III 1.44 (0.45, 0.42, 0.30, 0.27), IV 2.01 (0.63, 0.69, 0.38, 0.31). Leg formula: 4123. Legs yellowish brown. Abdomen oval, black; pattern indistinct. Spinneret dark brown.</p><p>Epigyne (Fig. 6 C, D). Plate oval, slightly wider than long. VP extended outwards and connected to DP, the junction strongly sclerotized; DP trapezoid and sclerotized. CO large, beside the junction and behind VP. CD short and twisty; spermathecae global; FD blurry and hook-shaped.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from the type locality (Fig. 9).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E0DCA5B7E55AA289D4693F442F3F65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yan, Wen-long;Wu, Feng-qin;Zhou, Yu-chen;Peng, Xian-jin	Yan, Wen-long, Wu, Feng-qin, Zhou, Yu-chen, Peng, Xian-jin (2025): Four new species of Linyphiidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Hunan Province, China. ZooKeys 1253: 243-254, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1253.165585
AE37DAC75C4D59B8A0B0E59D5569AF4B.text	AE37DAC75C4D59B8A0B0E59D5569AF4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nippononeta anchorata Yan & Wu & Zhou & Peng 2025	<div><p>Nippononeta anchorata sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 7 A – C, 8 A – D</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: • ♀ (HNU -BLXS 2404-19), China, Hunan Prov., Yueyang City, Pingjiang County, Jiayi Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.908165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.597246" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.908165/lat 28.597246)">Beiluoxiao National Forest Park</a>; 28.597247 ° N, 113.908166 ° E; 181.33 m a. s. l.; 12 November 2024; S. L. Wang, S. L. Li, G. Tang, W. L. Yan leg. Paratypes: • 3 ♀ (HNU -HMF 2303-4), China, Hunan Prov., Changsha City, Wangcheng District, Qiaoyi Town, Changsha Heimifeng National Forest Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.00199&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.46921" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.00199/lat 28.46921)">Heimifeng Village</a>; 28.46921 ° N, 113.00199 ° E; 98 m a. s. l.; 28 November 2023; X. J. Peng, S. L. Li, Z. Y. Liu, X. Y. Qin, G. Tang leg. • 1 ♀ (HNU -XFS-2203), China, Hunan Prov., Shaoyang City, Dongkou County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.34121&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.144129" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.34121/lat 27.144129)">Jiangkou Town</a>; 27.144129 ° N, 110.341206 ° E; 1250.66 m a. s. l.; 10 July 2022; Y. C. Zhou, S. L. Li, Y Peng, M. T. Zhang, L. F. Li leg.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet is derived from the Latin noun “ anchora ” meaning “ anchor ” and referring to the junction of the dorsal scape and stretcher, which broadens to an anchor shape.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The female of this new species resembles that of N. coreana (Paik, 1991) in having a similar scape and stretcher (Fig. 8 A – D; Irfan et al. 2025, fig. 160 A – D), but can be differentiated by the (1) copulatory grooves parallel to each other in dorsal view (Fig. 8 A, C; vs. having a somewhat heart-shaped outline); and (2) spermathecae S-shaped (Fig. 8 A, C; vs. C-shaped).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female (holotype, Fig. 7 A – C). Total length 1.15. Carapace 1.62 long, 0.53 wide; abdomen 0.78 long, 0.59 wide. Carapace blackish brown; cervical and radial grooves distinct, fovea thin; AER and PER horizontal. Chelicerae pale, with five promarginal and five weak retromarginal teeth. Endite and labium pale; sternum blackish brown. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.05, PME 0.06, PLE 0.05; AME - AME 0.02, AME - ALE 0.03, PME - PME 0.04, PME - PLE 0.02, ALE - PLE 0.01. MOA 0.13 long, anterior width 0.11, posterior width 0.16. Clypeus height 0.08. Leg measurements: I 2.06 (0.59, 0.69, 0.41, 0.37), II 1.96 (0.55, 0.63, 0.44, 0.34), III 1.57 (0.44, 0.50, 0.36, 0.27), IV 2.09 (0.62, 0.68, 0.47, 0.32). Leg formula: 4123. Legs pale white. Abdomen oval; black dorsum with one large pale macula. Spinneret pale grey.</p><p>Epigyne (Fig. 8 A – D). Plate inverted anchor-shaped, as wide as long; VP kidney-shaped, about 2 × wider than long. Scape sigmoid folded; ventral scape slender, broadened at turning point; dorsal scape inverted triangular. The junction of dorsal scape and stretcher well broadened to anchor shape; CD right-angled; sigmoid spermathecae located at the lateral margin of ventral plate.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Hunan) (Fig. 9).</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Females (N = 5): total length 1.15–1.41.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE37DAC75C4D59B8A0B0E59D5569AF4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yan, Wen-long;Wu, Feng-qin;Zhou, Yu-chen;Peng, Xian-jin	Yan, Wen-long, Wu, Feng-qin, Zhou, Yu-chen, Peng, Xian-jin (2025): Four new species of Linyphiidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Hunan Province, China. ZooKeys 1253: 243-254, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1253.165585
EAA5C6C58C165A39AD92E356BEB302F4.text	EAA5C6C58C165A39AD92E356BEB302F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nippononeta Eskov 1992	<div><p>Genus Nippononeta Eskov, 1992</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Nippononeta kurilensis Eskov, 1992 .</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The genus Nippononeta comprises 25 species, including two species known from males and three from females only, distributed in China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia and Russia (Far East, Kurile Is. and Sakhalin). In China, four species have been reported (Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jilin and Shaanxi) (WSC 2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EAA5C6C58C165A39AD92E356BEB302F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yan, Wen-long;Wu, Feng-qin;Zhou, Yu-chen;Peng, Xian-jin	Yan, Wen-long, Wu, Feng-qin, Zhou, Yu-chen, Peng, Xian-jin (2025): Four new species of Linyphiidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Hunan Province, China. ZooKeys 1253: 243-254, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1253.165585
