identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4511E41DD826FFC2FDCAFA05F388FB39.text	4511E41DD826FFC2FDCAFA05F388FB39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dadagulella Rowson & Tattersfield 2013	<div><p>Genus Dadagulella gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1C3959C3-50E5-4DFF-A5AC-67BB9F05A042</p><p>Figs 1-84; Table 1</p><p>Type species</p><p>Ennea radius Preston, 1910 .</p><p>Included species</p><p>Sixteen. In addition, D. radius (Preston, 1910) comb. nov. and D. minuscula (Morelet,1877) comb. nov. are treated as having two subspecies and D. browni (van Bruggen, 1969) comb. nov. as having three (see below).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell small (2.3 - 5.5 mm high), ovate to ovate-acuminate with an acuminate (sometimes coeloconoid or cyrtoconoid) spire; strongly and often sinuously radially ribbed, never smooth. Peristome reflected. Aperture dentate, with at least one parietal and one palatal tooth. Juvenile aperture (known from 7-8 species) dentate (except possibly in D. nictitans comb. nov.), aperture not downturned. Radula (known from three species) bearing multicuspid teeth, the outer cusps much smaller than the inner. Other anatomy (known from six species): salivary gland bilobed or Y-shaped. Vas deferens thickened or with diverticulum prior to insertion on penis, penis lacking sheath, with a muscular apex in which is embedded a spatulate scoop with a microscopically serrated tip, usually associated with one or two large apical hooks, and a few (&lt;40) smaller hooks lower down. For dimensions, see Table 1.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Prefix from Swahili noun “ dada ” meaning sister, with reference to the apparent relationships and East African centre of diversity of the group.</p><p>Description</p><p>SHELL (Figs 1-64). Small to medium-sized relative to species of Gulella (2.3 - 5.5 mm high x 1.4 - 2.8 mm wide), of 4.5 - 8 whorls. Ovate to ovate-acuminate (maximum width being approximately at middle of shell, usually at penultimate whorl) or subconical (maximum width being in bottom third of the shell, at body whorl). Spire characteristically narrowly to broadly acuminate, occasionally coeloconoid or cyrtoconoid (spire angle 43-77°), angle varying a little within most species. Apex (i.e. top of spire) pointed in most species, but rounded in others. Sutures usually deep, shells never completely smoothsided. Umbilicus closed or narrowly open, this sometimes varying within a species. Embryonic whorls usually smoothly granulate, with fine radial striae in two species, or irregularly punctate in another. The last part of the embryonic shell is sculptured with very fine radial striae in most (possibly all) species but these are worn away in all but the freshest individuals. Later whorls never smooth, with radial ribs (5 - 27 per mm on penultimate whorl) running from suture to suture, often strong and/or sinuous, lamella-like in some species. Peristome complete, or incomplete parietally, always reflected to some extent. Outer palatal surface of aperture with a depression, sometimes furrow-like, corresponding to the palatal tooth, and sometimes another corresponding to the basal tooth. Dentition 3-fold (rarely, and debatably, 2-fold) to 8-fold. Dentition consisting of at least one parietal tooth and one palatal tooth, the latter often slablike and/or bifid, sometimes forming a parieto-palatal sinus. Usually also with one deep-set columellar baffle, folded or sub-bifid or sub-trifid in some species. Often with additional parietal, palatal, basal and/or columellar teeth or denticles. Dentition is variable in some species but the form, as well as the number, of the teeth is often consistent enough to distinguish species. Juvenile shells (known from 7-8 species) always with 3-fold to 4-fold apertural dentition (Figs 43-50) except in one species, D. nictitans comb. nov., where the only known juvenile has no teeth. In several species, some or all of the teeth in juvenile shells appear to be resorbed at intervals.</p><p>CEPHALOPODIUM. Pale cream or yellow, usually with apricot-coloured to orange tentacle retractors and sometimes with brown speckles on the mantle.</p><p>PALLIAL COMPLEX. Sigmurethrous, with long zone of contact between long, oblong kidney and hindgut, pulmonary cavity not strongly vascularised.</p><p>SALIVARY GLANDS (Figs 69-72). United, soft, not tumid, elongate, bilobed to Y-shaped; each duct leaving at the apex of the lobe and evenly thick throughout.</p><p>BUCCAL MASS. Very small and elongate, radula correspondingly small, tightly enrolled and difficult to locate or prepare.</p><p>RADULA (Figs 65-68). (known from three species) With a unicuspid central tooth and 9 - 15 laterals in each half-row, diminishing gradually in size laterally. Most or all laterals distinctively bicuspid or multicuspid, with outer cusps smaller or much smaller than inner cusps. Teeth are somewhat delicate (or flexible; Aiken 1981) and are short and flake-like at the ventral end of the radular ribbon.</p><p>GENITALIA. (Figs 73-83) (known from six species) Hermaphroditic duct diverticulum (talon) short, large, sausage-shaped, not convoluted. Bursa copulatrix attending albumen gland. Acini of prostate indistinct to distinct. Vagina attenuate. Oviduct often containing a single large egg. Vas deferens either thickened prior to insertion on penis, or appearing as such but actually with a diverticulum lying parallel to it. Vas deferens entering penis subapically. Penial retractor muscle branching off columellar muscle, attaching partly to vas deferens, thus sometimes bifid or nearly so. Penis elongate, tubular. Penial sheath absent, but lower part sometimes surrounded by a thin sheath-like layer contiguous with walls of lower penis. Interior of penis with weak radial pilasters and small rhombic pads, sometimes with a longitudinal pilaster or short rounded lobe. Apical part of penis with a spatulate or broad “scoop”. One end with a microscopically serrated tip, the other end deeply embedded in muscular apex of penis. Scoop usually associated with one or two large, broad hooks, lying just behind or underneath it. Scoop and hook(s) could conceivably act together as a grip or pincer. Elsewhere in penis, a longitudinal row or group of few (&lt;40) short, simple hooks mounted on rhombic pads. “Spermatophore” (see Discussion) detected in two species: comma-shaped, lying with reservoir in vagina with longitudinally ribbed tail extending into mid penis. End of tail probably originally weakly attached to wall of penis [as in one specimen of D. radius radius (Preston, 1910) comb. nov.] but subsequently detached. Partially digested tail fragments present in bursa of one specimen of D. pembensis sp. nov.</p><p>Known distribution</p><p>Eastern Kenya, eastern Tanzania, western Uganda, eastern DR Congo, Malawi, eastern Zambia, Mozambique, north-eastern South Africa, Comoros archipelago (Fig. 84).</p><p>Gender</p><p>Feminine.</p><p>Comparison and remarks</p><p>See General Discussion.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4511E41DD826FFC2FDCAFA05F388FB39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rowson, Ben;Tattersfield, Peter	Rowson, Ben, Tattersfield, Peter (2013): Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the “ Gulella radius group ” (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies. European Journal of Taxonomy 37 (37): 1-46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.37
4511E41DD821FFCFFE7DFA86F34AF9FE.text	4511E41DD821FFCFFE7DFA86F34AF9FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dadagulella radius var. radius radius (Preston 1910	<div><p>Dadagulella radius radius (Preston, 1910) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 1-5, 9-20, 43-45, 52-53, 65, 69, 73, 77-78, 83-84; Table 1</p><p>Ennea radius Preston, 1910: 529, pl. VII, fig. 8.</p><p>Gulella radius – Verdcourt 1962: 13, 17,? not 22 (see D. radius calva below). — van Bruggen 1969: 71. — Verdcourt 1983: 234; 1985: 119, fig. 17; 1996: 136. — Tattersfield 1998a: 83; 1998b: 37. — Verdcourt 2000: 415. — van Bruggen 2000: 233. — Lange &amp; Mwinzi 2003: 64-66. — Verdcourt 2006: 48. — Rowson 2007a: 441-442, fig. 56 (not fig. 54). — Rowson &amp; Lange 2007: 31. — Muratov 2010: 277. — Rowson et al. 2010b: 28-29, in part. — Ndalila 2011: 24.</p><p>Ennea radius – Richardson 1988: 26.</p><p>Type material examined</p><p>KENYA: lectotype (here designated) MRAC. I17592: 1 ad., “ Shimbi Hills, British East Africa ”, standing as “ radius ”, labelled “ex Putzeys-Musée, 1935”, “type” and apparently the shell figured in Preston (1910: pl. VII, fig. 8). Verdcourt (1985) wrote that a second shell from Shimbi in the NHMUK type collection could not be located at that time. We too failed to trace this specimen. Van Bruggen (1969) referred to two other NHMUK shells from Gazi as “paratypes”, presumably because they were labelled as such. However, Gazi (4.42°S, 39.50°E) is around 30 km from the type locality of Shimbi (Shimba) Hills (4.25 oS, 39.38 oE), and Preston (1910) distinguished between the two localities elsewhere in his paper. Thus it cannot be assumed that Gazi material has type status .</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>KENYA: NMW.1955.158.25050: 3 ads, 7 juvs, Gazi, standing as “ radius ”. RMNH.MOL.273272: 1 ad., Gazi, standing as “ radius ”. RMNH.MOL.273826: 1 ad., near Mombasa (approx. 4.04°S, 39.66°E), amongst river debris, Sep. 1987. NMW.Z.1990.067.00001: 1 ad., Arabuko-Sokoke Forest (3.32°S, 39.87°E), 20 km SW of Gedi, Brachystegia Benth. woodland on sandy soil with some leaf litter, leg. MBS, 12 Aug. 1989. NMW.Z.2012.042.00002: 2 ad., Diani Beach (4.27°S, 39.59°E), south of Mombasa, under deep mixed broadleaf litter, 18 m alt., leg. P. L. Cresswell, 24 Apr. 1997. NHMUK.1911.10.12.146-147: 2 ads, Gazi, standing as “ radius ”.</p><p>TANZANIA: NMW.Z.2009.013.00226: 2 ads, Jozani Forest Reserve (6.23°S, 39.42°E), Unguja I., Zanzibar, leg. BR, B.H. Warren, &amp; CFN, 5 Feb. 2009. NMW.Z.2004.014.00023: 10 ads, 1 juv., several in poor condition, Jozani Forest Reserve, Unguja I., Zanzibar, leg. PT, MBS, &amp; CFN, 11-12 Mar. 2000. NMW.Z.2003.001.00006: 2 ads, Mkungwe Forest Reserve (6.90°S, 37.91°E), Uluguru Mts, Morogoro District, submontane forest, approx. 900 m alt., leg. BR &amp; CFN, 7 Feb. 2003. NMW.Z.2003.001.00007: 1 ad., 1 juv., Kimboza Forest Reserve (7.01°S, 37.78°E), Uluguru Mts, Morogoro District, lowland forest on limestone, approx. 300 m alt., leg. BR, PT, MBS, &amp; CFN, 5 Feb. 2003. NMW.Z.2007.012.00001: 1 ad., Pugu Hills Nature Reserve (6.89°S, 39.09°E), SE of Dar es Salaam, leg. CFN, Jan. 2007 (sequenced by Rowson et al. 2010a as “ Gulella radius ”). NMT.2000/0130: 6 ads, 6 juvs Mbudya I. (6.66°S, 39.25°E), Dar es Salaam, leg. CFN &amp; NMT team, 14 May 1998. NMW.Z.1995.016.00005: 3 ads, Kiono Forest (6.15°S, 38.59°E), NW of Dar es Salaam (site III), leg. PT, 5 Mar. 1995. NMW.Z.1995.016.00006: 1 ad., Pugu, S of Dar es Salaam (site II), leg. PT, 6 Mar. 1995. NMW.Z.1995.016.00007: 2 ads, Pugu Forest, S of Dar es Salaam (site I), leg. PT, 6 Mar. 1995. NMW.Z.1995.016.00008: 1 ad., Amboni caves and Mkulumuzi Gorge (5.06°S, 39.05°E), near Tanga (site I), leg. PT, 3 Mar. 1995. NMW.Z.1995.016.00010: 3 ads, 2 juvs, Amboni, near Tanga (site I), leg. PT, 3 Mar. 1995. NMW.Z.1995.016.00009: 2 ads,Amboni, near Tanga (site III), leg. PT, 3 Mar. 1995. NMW.Z.1995.016.00011: 6 ads, Amboni, near Tanga (site II), leg. PT, 3 Mar. 1995. NMW.Z.2003.074.00005: 1 ad., Kwamgumi Forest Reserve (4.94°S, 38.75°E), East Usambara Mts, Muheza District, lowland forest at approx. 350 m alt., leg. Frontier Tanzania, 4 Dec. 1996. NMW.Z. 2003.074.00006: 1 ad. in poor condition, Mtai Forest Reserve (4.87°S, 38.77°E), East Usambara Mts, Muheza District (plot 73), riverine forest at 200 m alt., leg. Frontier Tanzania, 23 Jan. 1996.</p><p>Description</p><p>SHELL (Figs 1-5, 9-20, 43-50, 52-53). Very variable in size, shape and dentition, small to large (2.80 - 4.60 mm high x 1.60 - 2.44 mm wide), of 6.0 - 7.0 whorls. Ovate-acuminate, spire narrowly to broadly acuminate (spire angle 55 - 70°). Apex pointed. Embryonic whorls smoothly granulate. Later whorls with relatively coarse and few ribs (7 - 16 per mm on penultimate whorl). Sutures relatively deep. Umbilicus closed or narrowly open. Peristome complete or (more often) incomplete parietally. Outer palatal surface of aperture with a depression corresponding to the palatal tooth and sometimes another one corresponding to the basal tooth. Dentition 5-fold to 7-fold, consisting of at least: one lamella-like parietal tooth; one slab-like palatal tooth, often bifid; one basal denticle; one shallow columellar denticle (very weak in some cases) and one deep-set columellar baffle, always visible. Parieto-palatal sinus, if present, broad, seldom narrow or parallel-sided. Neither the columellar baffle nor basal denticle were mentioned in Preston’s (1910) original description, although both are clearly visible on the lectotype which is apparently the originally figured specimen. We assume this to have been a lapsus. One or two additional columellar denticles may be present (e.g. Figs 12, 14, 15). Juvenile shells (Figs 43-45) with 3-fold dentition: one parietal lamella; one bifid basal tooth; and one columellar tooth or thickening. Some earlier teeth are retained in some juveniles and even adults (e.g. some specimens from Jozani).</p><p>CEPHALOPODIUM. Pale cream or yellow, with apricot to orange tentacle retractors and often with brown speckles on the mantle.</p><p>SALIVARY GLANDS (Fig. 69). United, soft, not tumid, elongate, bilobed to nearly Y-shaped; each duct leaving at the whitened apex of the lobe and evenly thick throughout.</p><p>RADULA (Fig. 65). With a unicuspid central tooth and around 13 laterals in each half-row, diminishing gradually in size laterally. All laterals bicuspid or tricuspid, with outer cusps much smaller than inner cusps.</p><p>GENITALIA (Figs 73, 77, 83). Vas deferens appearing thickened prior to insertion on penis but actually with a short, broad parallel diverticulum. Penial sheath absent but with a thin sheath-like layer contiguous with walls of lower penis. Interior of penis with weak radial pilasters and small rhombic pads, sometimes with a longitudinal pilaster or short, rounded and weakly chitinized lobe. Apical, muscular part of penis with a single large hook, associated with a “scoop” with microscopically serrated tip. Elsewhere in penis, a single longitudinal row of short, simple hooks mounted on rhombic pads. “Spermatophore” (see Discussion) present in penis and vagina of one Amboni specimen; “spermatophore” tail, apparently attached to penis wall, present in penis of one Pugu specimen.</p><p>Range and habitat</p><p>Eastern Kenya and eastern Tanzania, including Unguja (Zanzibar) island. Apparently replaced by other Dadagulella gen. nov. species on Pemba island and in some lowland areas and montane forests, and by D. browni comb. nov. s.l. in Tanzania from around 7.8°S southwards. Dadagulella r. radius comb. nov. is sympatric with other Dadagulella gen. nov. species at Kwamgumi, Pugu and Kimboza [it has also been recorded from Kimboza by Verdcourt (2006: 48)]. The records are mainly from forest and other wellvegetated habitats; Verdcourt (2000) suggested the habitat was “woodland/forest”. Lange &amp; Mwinzi (2003) found D. radius comb. nov. across several forest types at Arabuko-Sokoke, but Ndalila (2011) found only three specimens in the Shimba Hills, all in scrub and grassland rather than forest.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This appears to be the most widespread and variable species of Dadagulella gen. nov. In this we concur with van Bruggen (1969) and Verdcourt (1985) that D. radius comb. nov. is a species variable enough to include shells as different as the lectotype (Figs 1-5, 11) and those from Diani Beach (Fig. 14). We retain one such extreme form, subsequently described by Connolly (1922) as Gulella calva Connolly, 1922, as a subspecies of D. radius comb. nov. (see below) but we refrain from describing additional subspecies since these forms are not obviously geographically isolated (e.g. at Amboni, Fig. 15) and occur throughout the geographical range of the species. The variation between them often appears continuous rather than discrete (e.g. compare Figs 17-20, each from a similar latitude and arranged in order from W to E). Furthermore, some variability is often present at a single locality, e.g. at Gazi (compare Figs 12 and 13). Despite this, D. radius comb. nov. s.l. differs from other similar, lowland species as follows. It differs from D. browni comb. nov. s.l. in never having either an additional parietal denticle or two basal denticles, and in normally having a broader (or no) parieto-palatal sinus. It differs from D. delgada (Muratov, 2010) comb. nov. in lacking the flaring, lamella-like ribs and nearly always having a more broadly acuminate spire. It differs from D. ecclesiola sp. nov. in not having the basal denticle hidden behind the palatal tooth, in having at least one shallow columellar tooth, and in having a broader (or no) parieto-palatal sinus. The distinction between D. radius comb. nov. s.l. and D. minuscula comb. nov. of the Comoros, with which it was compared by Preston (1910), is discussed under the latter species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4511E41DD821FFCFFE7DFA86F34AF9FE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rowson, Ben;Tattersfield, Peter	Rowson, Ben, Tattersfield, Peter (2013): Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the “ Gulella radius group ” (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies. European Journal of Taxonomy 37 (37): 1-46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.37
4511E41DD82CFFCDFE08F9C2F151F95E.text	4511E41DD82CFFCDFE08F9C2F151F95E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dadagulella radius (Preston 1910) Rowson & Tattersfield 2013	<div><p>Dadagulella radius calva (Connolly, 1922) comb. et stat. nov.</p><p>Figs 6-8, 51, 84; Table 1</p><p>Gulella calva Connolly, 1922: 495, pl. XIV, fig. 35.</p><p>Gulella calva – Verdcourt 1962: 17; 1983: 234. — Richardson 1988: 62. — Verdcourt 2000: 215; 2006: 49.</p><p>? “ Gulella radius (Preston) var. (K, Mrima Hill Forest)” – Verdcourt 1962: 22.</p><p>Type material examined</p><p>KENYA: lectotype (here designated) NHMUK. 1937.12.30.486: 1 ad., Taru Desert (i.e. a semi-arid area of southeastern Kenya now partly in the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.0/lat -3.4)">Tsavo East National Park</a>, approx. 3.40°S, 39.00°E), leg. Percival, labelled “type”, and apparently the shell figured in Connolly (1922: pl. XIV, fig. 35).</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>KENYA: NMW.1955.158.25052: 5 ads, “ca. lat. 3°5’, long. 39°27’”, standing as “ calva Co. ” and later labelled “ cf. radius ” by B. Verdcourt. Assuming that the latitude refers to a point south rather than north of the equator, the coordinates correspond to a point in the Taru Desert, ± 75 km inland of Malindi. RMNH.MOL.288087: 1 ad., near Mombasa (approx. 4.04°S, 39.66°E), amongst river debris, Sep. 1987.</p><p>Description</p><p>SHELL (Figs 6-8, 51). Large (4.00 - 4.60 mm high x 2.10 - 2.50 mm wide), of 6.5 - 8.0 whorls. Ovateacuminate, but more columnar than other Dadagulella gen. nov., spire narrowly to broadly acuminate (spire angle 49 - 62°). Apex pointed. Embryonic whorls smoothly granulate. Later whorls with characteristically coarse, few and widely spaced ribs (5 - 10 per mm on penultimate whorl). Sutures deep. Umbilicus closed or nearly so. Peristome incomplete parietally. Outer palatal surface of aperture with a depression corresponding to the palatal tooth. Dentition characteristically simple, 4-fold to 5-fold, consisting of: one lamella-like parietal tooth; one slab-like palatal tooth without parieto-palatal sinus; one basal denticle; and one deep-set columellar baffle, always visible, sometimes with a very slight, shallower columellar tooth. Juvenile shells and anatomy unknown.</p><p>Range and habitat</p><p>Lowlands of extreme southeastern Kenya, including Taru Desert. This subspecies has also been recorded from Malindi (Verdcourt 1962: 17) and Mrima Hill (4.48°S, 39.25°E) (Verdcourt 2006). Verdcourt (2000) suggested the habitat was “bushland to forest”, in contrast to “woodland/forest” for D. r. radius comb. nov. Shells of both D. r. radius comb. nov. and D. r. calva comb. et stat. nov. have been found in river debris near Mombasa, but may have been washed in from different localities.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The lectotype and similar material of this subspecies (Figs 6-8, 51) differ from D. r. radius comb. nov. in the more widely spaced ribs, more columnar shape and simpler dentition, although some specimens seem to show intermediate characters. Verdcourt evidently had difficulty separating them. Although Verdcourt (1962: 17) suggested G. calva was “scarcely more than a variety of G. radius ”, it keyed out in a separate part of his key, with radius appearing in two other places (1962: 13, 22). The second of these (p. 22) was listed as “ Gulella radius (Preston) var. (K [Kenya], Mrima Hill Forest)”. Verdcourt’s measurements, description, and range of apertural tooth formulas allow attribution of this taxon to D. r. calva comb. et stat. nov .. In his later checklists, Verdcourt (1983: 234; 2006: 48-49) maintained the two as separate species, and gave Mrima Hill as a locality for calva but not radius . He also kept them apart in his list of coastal molluscs (2000). Thus it appears likely that he later decided that (1962: 22) “ radius var.” belonged to what we treat as D. r. calva comb. et stat. nov. and not to what we treat as D. r. radius comb. nov. It also appears that he decided not to separate the two taxa. We too found this a difficult decision to take, owing to the morphological, habitat and distributional differences, which may of course be interrelated. To acknowledge this difficulty, and the potential difficulties in assigning future material to either, we rank calva as a subspecies of radius .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4511E41DD82CFFCDFE08F9C2F151F95E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rowson, Ben;Tattersfield, Peter	Rowson, Ben, Tattersfield, Peter (2013): Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the “ Gulella radius group ” (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies. European Journal of Taxonomy 37 (37): 1-46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.37
4511E41DD82EFFCBFE16F960F0C8FB62.text	4511E41DD82EFFCBFE16F960F0C8FB62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dadagulella browni subsp. browni (van Bruggen 1969) browni (van Bruggen 1969	<div><p>Dadagulella browni browni (van Bruggen, 1969) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 23-26, 47-48, 71, 74, 82, 84; Table 1</p><p>Gulella browni van Bruggen, 1969: 69-71, figs 25-26.</p><p>Gulella browni – van Bruggen &amp; Appleton 1977: 31-32. — Aiken 1981: 321-323, fig. 5. — Richardson 1988: 60. — Verdcourt 1990: 349. — van Bruggen &amp; Van Goethem 1999: 40. — van Bruggen 2000: 233-234. — Herbert &amp; Kilburn 2004: 212. — Rowson &amp; Lange 2007: 31. — Muratov 2010: 277.</p><p>“a closely related species from Zululand” – Verdcourt 1985: 119.</p><p>Gulella cf. radius – Tattersfield et al. 2006: 52, 54, 58.</p><p>Type material examined</p><p>SOUTH AFRICA: holotype RMNH.MOL.54894: 1 ad., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.71&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.34" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.71/lat -27.34)">Lake Sibayi</a> (approx. 27.34°S, 32.71°E), KwaZulu-Natal, dune forest on the east shore, leg. D.S. Brown, 12 Jun. 1966 (examined digital photograph only).</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>TANZANIA: NMW.Z.2003.001.00008: 6 ads, 5 juvs, Mt. Mwanihana Forest Reserve (7.82°S, 36.83°E), Udzungwa Mts National Park, Kilombero District, lowland forest at approx. 600-900 m alt., leg. BR, PT, MBS &amp; CFN, 29 Jan. 2003. NMW.Z.2003.001.00009: 4 ads, data as previous but 700 m alt. NMW.Z.1997.007.00003: 5 ads, 2 juvs, Mzelezi Forest Reserve (8.79°S, 36.72°E), Mahenge Mts, Ulanga District, forest on limestone, approx. 645 m alt., leg. PT, MBS &amp; CFN, 6 Feb. 1997. NMW.Z.1997.007.00004: 1 ad., data as previous. NMW.Z.1997.007.00005: 2 ads, 6 juvs, data as previous.</p><p>MOZAMBIQUE: NMW.Z.2012.040.00001: 2 ads, Pomene Bay, Inhambane Province, near lighthouse S of old hotel (22.9417°S, 35.5913°E), degraded dune forest, in leaf-litter, leg. D. Herbert, Oct. 2002 (ex NMSA.L5797). NMSA.L5797: 2 ads, data as previous.</p><p>SOUTH AFRICA: NMW.Z. 2012.040.00002: 3 ads, Kosi Bay mouth, KwaZulu-Natal (26.89°S, 32.88°E), dune forest, in sandy leaf-litter, leg. D. Herbert &amp; L. Davis, “11-41”, 13 Oct. 2011 (ex NMSA. W8517). NHMUK.20110173: 2 ads, Lake Sibaya area of Tongaland (approx. 27.35°S, 32.67°E), Zululand, S. Africa, leg. C.C. Appleton, Dec. 1972 - Nov. 1973.</p><p>Description</p><p>SHELL (Figs 23-26, 47-48). Small (2.60 - 3.20 mm high x 1.60 - 1.90 mm wide), of 5.5 - 6.0 whorls. Ovateacuminate, spire broadly acuminate (spire angle 66 - 76°). Apex pointed. Embryonic whorls smoothly granulate. Later whorls with relatively coarse ribs (11 - 15 per mm on penultimate whorl). Sutures relatively shallow. Umbilicus closed or narrowly open. Peristome incomplete parietally. Outer palatal surface of aperture with a depression corresponding to the palatal tooth and another much weaker one corresponding to the basal tooth. Dentition 7-fold to 8-fold, consisting of: one lamella-like parietal tooth and (almost always) one additional parietal denticle; one slab-like palatal tooth, forming a narrow parieto-palatal sinus; two basal denticles; a deep-set columellar baffle, sometimes folded, and one or two shallower columellar denticles. Dentition of 8-fold individuals alternatively recognisable as 7-fold, depending on the interpretation of the columellar and parietal denticles (van Bruggen 1969). Juvenile shells of D. browni comb. nov. were not known to van Bruggen (1969, 2000). Herbert &amp; Kilburn (2004) describe them simply as dentate, but with dentition different from that of the adult. Juveniles from southern Tanzania (Figs 47-48) have dentition similar to, but weaker than, juveniles of D. r. radius comb. nov. (Figs 43-45).</p><p>CEPHALOPODIUM. Pale cream, with pink-orange tentacle retractors and a few purple-brown speckles in the mantle.</p><p>SALIVARY GLANDS (Fig. 71). United, soft, not tumid, elongate, bilobed; each duct leaving at the whitened apex of the lobe and evenly thick throughout.</p><p>RADULA. Described and figured by Aiken (1981) as having a unicuspid, ‘heart-shaped’ central tooth and nine laterals in each half-row, of which at least the inner six are tricuspid, diminishing gradually in size laterally. The outer cusps of most teeth are smaller than the inner cusp. According to Aiken (1981) the teeth are flexible when pressed by a cover slip and there are 47 rows.</p><p>GENITALIA (Figs 74, 82). Upper parts of spermoviduct not recovered. Vas deferens appearing thickened prior to insertion on penis but actually with a very short, broad parallel diverticulum. Penial sheath absent. Interior of penis with weak radial pilasters. Apical, muscular part of penis with a single large hook, associated with a spatulate “scoop” with microscopically serrated tip. Elsewhere in penis, a single longitudinal row of short, simple hooks.</p><p>Range and habitat</p><p>Coast of north-eastern South Africa: dune forest, coastal forest and bush; also central Mozambique: high forest in Chiluvo [Xiluvo] hills (19.24°S, 34.06°E) at 700 ft (approx. 213 m) elevation (van Bruggen 1969; van Bruggen &amp; Appleton 1977; Herbert &amp; Kilburn 2004). Also in lowland forest, up to 900 m, in southern Tanzania, as far north as 7.8°S.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>We agree with van Bruggen (1969) that the complex dentition of D. browni comb. nov. s.l. separates it from D. radius comb. nov. s.l., which never seems to have 8-fold dentition, in particular the extra parietal and basal denticles. The shells of D. browni comb. nov. s.l. are also much smaller, less elongate (i.e. have a lower height/width ratio), and have a much narrower and more horizontal parieto-palatal sinus than is usual for D. radius comb. nov. s.l. Although some specimens of D. r. radius comb. nov. approach D. browni comb. nov. s.l. in one or more of these respects (e.g. Figs 10, 14, 17) all can be readily assigned to one or the other and the type specimens are morphologically quite different (Figs 1-5, 11, 52 vs. Fig. 26). Material intermediate between D. browni comb. nov. and D. radius comb. nov. might be expected in the intervening area of southern Tanzania or northern Mozambique. However, all the relevant southern Tanzanian material here (e.g. from Mafia and Mahenge) is closer to D. browni comb. nov. s.l. in dentition and other aspects. A recent survey in northern Mozambique (Muratov 2010) encountered only D. delgada comb. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4511E41DD82EFFCBFE16F960F0C8FB62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rowson, Ben;Tattersfield, Peter	Rowson, Ben, Tattersfield, Peter (2013): Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the “ Gulella radius group ” (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies. European Journal of Taxonomy 37 (37): 1-46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.37
4511E41DD828FFCAFD84FB2CF1CEFD01.text	4511E41DD828FFCAFD84FB2CF1CEFD01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dadagulella browni subsp. mafiensis Rowson & Tattersfield 2013	<div><p>Dadagulella browni mafiensis subsp. nov.</p><p>Figs 21, 54, 84; Table 1</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From Mafia Island, with the final ‘a’ elided for euphony.</p><p>Type material examined</p><p>NHMUK. 20110174: 1 ad., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.76&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.87" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.76/lat -7.87)">Mlula</a>, Mafia I. (approx. 7.87°S, 39.76°E), evergreen coastal thicket on clay loam coral rag, leg. Frontier Tanzania, Oct.- Nov. 1990, labelled “ Gulella radius aggreg.” by B. Verdcourt.</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>None.</p><p>Description</p><p>SHELL (Figs 21, 54). Small (3.30 mm high x 1.80 mm wide), of 6.0 whorls. Ovate-acuminate, spire broadly acuminate (spire angle 65°). Apex conical. Embryonic whorls smoothly granulate. Later whorls with relatively coarse ribs (12 per mm on penultimate whorl). Sutures relatively shallow. Umbilicus narrowly open. Peristome incomplete parietally. Outer palatal surface of aperture with a depression corresponding to the palatal tooth. Dentition 5-fold, consisting of: one lamella-like parietal tooth and one additional parietal denticle; one slab-like palatal tooth, forming a narrow parieto-palatal sinus; one basal denticle; and a deep-set, folded columellar baffle, but no shallower columellar denticles. Shells and anatomy of juveniles unknown.</p><p>Range and habitat</p><p>Evergreen coastal thicket at the type locality.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This taxon is in some respects intermediate between the type specimens of D. r. radius comb. nov. and D. b. browni comb. nov., and thus distinct from either, yet difficult to place. It is larger and not as squat as other D. browni comb. nov. s.l., and lacks the additional basal denticle and shallower columellar dentition. Conversely, it has a parietal denticle not seen in D. radius comb. nov. s.l, is smaller and squatter than most D. radius comb. nov. s.l., and has a longer and narrower parieto-palatal sinus than any D. radius comb. nov. s.l. Mafia Island, from which no other Dadagulella gen. nov. are yet known, lies at almost the same latitude (7.8°S) as the apparent northernmost limit of D. b. browni comb. nov. in mainland Tanzania. Given the morphology of this specimen, its latitude and its isolation as an island population, we treat it as a subspecies of D. browni comb. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4511E41DD828FFCAFD84FB2CF1CEFD01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rowson, Ben;Tattersfield, Peter	Rowson, Ben, Tattersfield, Peter (2013): Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the “ Gulella radius group ” (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies. European Journal of Taxonomy 37 (37): 1-46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.37
4511E41DD829FFC9FDAEFC8DF3A5FD8C.text	4511E41DD829FFC9FDAEFC8DF3A5FD8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dadagulella browni subsp. semulikiensis Rowson & Tattersfield 2013	<div><p>Dadagulella browni semulikiensis subsp. nov</p><p>Figs 22, 55, 84; Table 1</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From Semuliki.</p><p>Type material examined</p><p>UGANDA: holotype NMW.Z.1997.009.00004: 1 ad., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.16&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.82" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.16/lat 0.82)">Semuliki National Park</a> (00.82°N, 30.16°E), Bwamba County, Bundibugyo District, lowland Guineo-Congolian rainforest (site IIR), approx. 760 m alt., leg. PT &amp; J.A. Allen, 14 Jul. 1996. Paratype NMW. Z. 1997.009.00005: 1 ad., data as holotype.</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>UGANDA: NMW. Z.1997.009.00006: 1 juv., data as holotype.</p><p>Description</p><p>SHELL (Figs 22, 55). Small (3.20 - 3.30 mm high x 1.90 mm wide), of 6.0 - 6.5 whorls. Ovate-acuminate, spire broadly acuminate (spire angle around 67°). Apex pointed. Embryonic whorls smoothly granulate. Later whorls with relatively coarse ribs (around 12 per mm on penultimate whorl). Sutures relatively shallow. Umbilicus closed. Peristome complete. Outer palatal surface of aperture with a depression corresponding to the palatal tooth, and another much weaker one corresponding to the basal tooth. Dentition 8-fold, consisting of: one lamella-like parietal tooth and one additional parietal denticle; one slab-like palatal tooth, forming a long, narrow parieto-palatal sinus; two basal denticles; a deepset columellar baffle and two shallower columellar denticles. Juvenile shell with 3-fold dentition: one parietal lamella; one bifid basal tooth; and one baso-columellar tooth. Anatomy unknown.</p><p>Range and habitat</p><p>Lowland Guineo-Congolian forest at the type locality in the valley of the Albertine Rift.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This subspecies is very similar to D. b. browni comb. nov. and, if found together, the two might not at first glance be distinguished. However, D. b. semulikiensis subsp. nov. is approximately 10% taller and wider, has shallower sutures and a more complete peristome. Its parieto-palatal sinus is longer and narrower than that of D. b. browni comb. nov., and does not widen appreciably towards its inner end. The type localities of D. b. browni comb. nov. and D. b. semulikiensis subsp. nov. are over 3000 km apart, in very different biogeographic and climatic regions. Although several snail species are known to range between South and East Africa, most are either species of the coastal strip, or are widely distributed throughout the entire area. Dadagulella gen. nov. has not been recorded from much of the intervening area of East Africa and is represented in the Albertine Rift otherwise only by D. selene (van Bruggen &amp; Van Goethem, 1999) comb. nov. It remains possible that the Semuliki population has descended from D. b. browni comb. nov., introduced by man from Tanzania or further to the south, and that the morphological differences are mainly ecophenotypic. However, in the light of these differences and the great geographic separation, we treat it as a subspecies of D. browni comb. nov. as we do with D. b. mafiensis subsp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4511E41DD829FFC9FDAEFC8DF3A5FD8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rowson, Ben;Tattersfield, Peter	Rowson, Ben, Tattersfield, Peter (2013): Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the “ Gulella radius group ” (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies. European Journal of Taxonomy 37 (37): 1-46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.37
4511E41DD82AFFC9FE51FD17F3E1F80C.text	4511E41DD82AFFC9FE51FD17F3E1F80C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dadagulella delgada (Muratov 2010) Rowson & Tattersfield 2013	<div><p>Dadagulella delgada (Muratov, 2010) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 27, 84; Table 1</p><p>Gulella delgada Muratov, 2010: 274, 276-277, figs 37, 39-45.</p><p>Type material examined</p><p>None.</p><p>Type locality</p><p>“ Mozambique: Cabo Delgado: 1.1 km WNW of lighthouse, 19 km NE of Palma, 10.68883°S, 40.62806°E, alt. 11 m, 24 Nov. 2009, I.V. Muratov.” (Muratov 2010).</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>None.</p><p>Description</p><p>SHELL (Fig. 27). Medium-sized (3.80 - 4.00 mm high x 1.80 - 1.80 mm wide), of 6.5 - 7.5 whorls. Elongate ovate-acuminate, spire narrowly acuminate (spire angle 43 - 49°). Apex sharply pointed (with axis slightly deviated in one syntype). Embryonic whorls smooth. Later whorls with very few, widely-spaced, flaring, subtriangular, lamella-like ribs (about 7 per mm on penultimate whorl). Sutures very deep. Umbilicus narrowly open. Peristome incomplete parietally. Outer palatal surface of aperture with a depression corresponding to the palatal tooth. Dentition 5-fold, consisting of: one lamella-like parietal tooth; one slab-like palatal tooth, forming a parieto-palatal sinus; one basal denticle; a deep-set columellar baffle and one shallower columellar denticle. Juvenile shells with 3-fold dentition: one parietal lamella; one basal tooth and one columellar thickening. Muratov (2010) found no internal dentition in the upper whorls. Anatomy unknown.</p><p>Range and habitat</p><p>At the type locality, vegetation on coral rag (Muratov 2010: 284).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The few, flaring, lamella-like ribs and elongate, narrowly acuminate spire of D. delgada comb. nov. allow it to be separated from other species, including some D. radius comb. nov. s.l. which it resembles in size and dentition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4511E41DD82AFFC9FE51FD17F3E1F80C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rowson, Ben;Tattersfield, Peter	Rowson, Ben, Tattersfield, Peter (2013): Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the “ Gulella radius group ” (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies. European Journal of Taxonomy 37 (37): 1-46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.37
4511E41DD82BFFC8FDC4FE8BF085F80C.text	4511E41DD82BFFC8FDC4FE8BF085F80C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dadagulella ecclesiola Rowson & Tattersfield 2013	<div><p>Dadagulella ecclesiola sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CCE56537-B647-4144-AB07-FE322A139087</p><p>Figs 28, 49, 56, 84; Table 1</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From Latin ‘ ecclesiola ’, feminine, diminutive of ‘church’ (or ‘the church’); used arbitrarily to distinguish the species from D. minareta sp. nov. with which it occurs.</p><p>Type material examined</p><p>TANZANIA: holotype NMW.Z.2003.001.00015: 1 ad., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.78&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.01" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.78/lat -7.01)">Kimboza Forest Reserve</a> (7.01°S, 37.78°E), Uluguru Mts, Morogoro District, lowland forest on limestone, approx. 300 m alt., leg. BR, PT, MBS, &amp; CFN, 5 Feb. 2003. Paratypes NMW. Z. 2003.001.00016: 8 ads, data as holotype. Paratype MRAC. MT. 803794: 1 ad., data as holotype. Paratype NHMUK. 20120259: 1 ad., data as holotype. Paratype NMK: 1 ad., data as holotype. Paratype NMT: 1 ad., data as holotype. Paratype NMSA. L 8692/T3061: 1 ad., data as holotype. Paratype RMNH. MOL. 288089: 1 ad., data as holotype .</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>TANZANIA: NMW. Z.2003.001.00017: 1 ad., data as holotype, sequenced by Rowson et al. (2010 a) as “ Gulella cf. browni Uluguru ”. NMW. Z.2003.001.00018: 3 ads in poor condition, 3 juvs, data as holotype.</p><p>Description</p><p>SHELL (Figs 28, 49, 56). Small to medium-sized (3.20 - 3.70 mm high x 1.80 - 1.90 mm wide), of 5.5 - 7.0 whorls. Ovate-acuminate, spire narrowly accuminate (spire angle 53 - 65°). Apex pointed. Embryonic whorls smoothly granulate. Later whorls with relatively coarse, often sinuous ribs (8 - 14 per mm on penultimate whorl). Sutures deep. Umbilicus closed. Peristome complete. Outer palatal surface of aperture with a depression, often furrow-like, corresponding to the palatal tooth. Dentition 4-fold, consisting of: one strongly oblique parietal tooth, V-shaped when shell turned to the left; one large slablike palatal tooth, forming a narrow, horizontal parieto-palatal sinus; and a deep-set columellar baffle. A basal denticle is also present, presumably in all specimens, but is partly or completely hidden by the palatal tooth which occludes much of the aperture. The denticle is visible when the shell is turned to the right (Fig. 56). Juvenile shells not known with certainty: an individual from Kimboza (Fig. 49), with dentition like that of a juvenile D. r. radius comb. nov., might belong to this species. Anatomy unknown.</p><p>Range and habitat</p><p>In forest at the type locality in the eastern Tanzanian lowlands.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species has much simpler dentition than D. minareta sp. nov. (which also occurs at Kimboza), and is usually smaller, with straight rather than sinuous ribs. Its dentition is more like that of D. r. radius comb. nov. (which again also occurs at Kimboza; Fig. 16) and D. minuscula minuscula (Morelet, 1877) comb. nov. but D. ecclesiola sp. nov. lacks the shallow columellar tooth, has a hidden or partly hidden basal denticle, and has a much narrower parieto-palatal sinus. It further differs from D. minuscula minuscula comb. nov. in having stronger ribs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4511E41DD82BFFC8FDC4FE8BF085F80C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rowson, Ben;Tattersfield, Peter	Rowson, Ben, Tattersfield, Peter (2013): Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the “ Gulella radius group ” (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies. European Journal of Taxonomy 37 (37): 1-46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.37
4511E41DD835FFD6FDC4FE8BF650FA2E.text	4511E41DD835FFD6FDC4FE8BF650FA2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dadagulella cresswelli Rowson & Tattersfield 2013	<div><p>Dadagulella cresswelli sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B3362D6F- 2118 -4D1D-8B25-098E25B0C3B2</p><p>Figs 29, 57, 84; Table 1</p><p>Etymology</p><p>After Pete Cresswell, who collected the specimen.</p><p>Type material examined</p><p>TANZANIA: holotype NMW.Z.2012.042.00001: 1 ad., Ngorongoro Crater, Arusha Region, crater rim on southeastern side, heavy rainforest leaf litter, leg. P.L. Cresswell, 2 Jun.1996.</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>None.</p><p>Description</p><p>SHELL (Figs 29, 57). Medium-sized (3.70 mm high x 1.80 mm wide), of 7.0 whorls. Ovate-acuminate, spire coeloconoid (spire angle 52°). Apex sharply pointed. Embryonic whorls smoothly granulate. Later whorls with relatively fine ribs (13 per mm on penultimate whorl). Sutures shallow. Umbilicus narrowly open. Peristome complete. Outer palatal surface of aperture with a very deep, long, furrow-like depression corresponding to the palatal tooth. Dentition 5-fold, consisting of: one V-shaped parietal tooth; one bifid slab-like palatal tooth, forming a clear parieto-palatal sinus, with the upper cusp projecting into the sinus; a deep-set columellar baffle and two shallower columellar denticles. Shells and anatomy of juveniles unknown.</p><p>Range and habitat</p><p>Forest at the type locality in northern Tanzania. The vegetation is presumably of a montane type, since the crater floor is above 1700 m while the rim rises to over 2400 m or higher.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species is distinctive in its deep, long furrow on the outer palatal surface in combination with the coeloconoid spire and dentition. D. minerata sp. nov. shares these features, but differs in having weaker ribs and less complex dentition. It is the only Dadagulella gen. nov. species thus far collected in the volcanic (as opposed to block-faulted) highlands of Tanzania or Kenya.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4511E41DD835FFD6FDC4FE8BF650FA2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rowson, Ben;Tattersfield, Peter	Rowson, Ben, Tattersfield, Peter (2013): Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the “ Gulella radius group ” (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies. European Journal of Taxonomy 37 (37): 1-46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.37
4511E41DD835FFD5FDC1FA70F745F80C.text	4511E41DD835FFD5FDC1FA70F745F80C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dadagulella minareta Rowson & Tattersfield 2013	<div><p>Dadagulella minareta sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6AF1E4AF-D1D2-4C5A-9FCA-AC5B15A07204</p><p>Figs 30, 50, 58, 84; Table 1</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From English ‘minaret’, the tower of a mosque; Latinized by the addition of the feminine ending ‘- a ’; used as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material examined</p><p>TANZANIA: holotype NMW.Z.2003.001.00010: 1 ad., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.78&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.01" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.78/lat -7.01)">Kimboza Forest Reserve</a> (7.01°S, 37.78°E), Uluguru Mts, Morogoro District, lowland forest on limestone, approx. 300 m alt., leg. BR, PT, MBS &amp; CFN, 5 Feb. 2003 . Paratype NMW. Z. 2003.001.00011: 1 ad., data as holotype. Paratypes NMW. Z. 2003.001.00012: 3 ads, data as holotype. Paratype NMW. Z. 2003.001.00013: 1 ad., data as holotype. Paratype MRAC. MT. 803795: 1 ad., data as holotype. Paratype NHMUK. 20120260: 1 ad., data as holotype. Paratype NMK: 1 ad., data as holotype. Paratypes NMT: 2 ads, data as holotype. Paratype NMSA. L863/T3062: 1 ad., data as holotype. Paratype RMNH. 288088: 1 ad., data as holotype.</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>TANZANIA: NMW. Z.2003.001.00014: 1 juv., data as holotype. NMW. Z.2004.016.00008: 2 ads, Kanga Forest Reserve (6.01° S, 37.72° E), Nguru Mts, Mvomero District, lowland forest at approx. 450 m alt., leg. BR, PT &amp; CFN, 26 Jun. 2004. NMW. Z.1995.016.00012: 4 ads, 1 juv. Pugu Forest (6.89° S, 39.09° E), S of Dar es Salaam (site I), leg. PT, 6 Mar. 1995. The juv. in the Pugu lot may not be conspecific.</p><p>Description</p><p>SHELL (Figs 30, 50, 58). Medium-sized (3.40 - 4.00 mm high x 1.80 - 2.00 mm wide), of 6.0 - 7.0 whorls. Ovate-acuminate, spire acuminate to coeloconoid (spire angle 48 - 63°).Apex sharply pointed. Embryonic whorls with fine regular radial striae; smoothly granulate where worn. Later whorls with relatively coarse, usually sinuous ribs (10 - 13 per mm on penultimate whorl). Sutures deep. Umbilicus narrowly open. Peristome complete or incomplete parietally. Outer palatal surface of aperture with a furrow-like depression corresponding to the palatal tooth. Dentition 5-fold to 7-fold, consisting of: one V-shaped parietal tooth; one bifid, slab-like, deeply in-running palatal tooth, not usually forming a parieto-palatal sinus; and two columellar teeth. The upper of these is large and characteristically squarish, running in to form a columellar baffle which is connected to it; the lower columellar tooth is a small in-running denticle. Additional teeth include an extra parietal tooth and/or one or two shallow columellar denticles. Juvenile shell (Fig. 50) with 3-fold to 4-fold dentition: one very short parietal lamella; two basal teeth (or one bifid tooth); and one columellar tooth. Earlier basal and columellar teeth are retained.</p><p>CEPHALOPODIUM. Pale yellow, with apricot tentacle retractors.</p><p>SALIVARY GLANDS. United, soft, not tumid, elongate, Y-shaped; each duct leaving at the apex of the lobe and evenly thick throughout.</p><p>RADULA. Not successfully prepared.</p><p>GENITALIA. Vas deferens thickened prior to insertion on penis but apparently without diverticulum. Penial sheath absent but with a thin sheath-like layer contiguous with wall of lower penis. Interior of penis with weak radial pilasters and small rhombic pads. Apical part of penis with a broad “scoop” with microscopically serrated tip, but without large hook. Elsewhere in penis a single longitudinal row of short, simple hooks mounted on rhombic pads.</p><p>Range and habitat</p><p>In forest at the type locality and in Pugu Hills Nature Reserve, both in the eastern Tanzanian lowlands, and in lowland forest on Mt. Kanga in the Nguru Mts.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The dentition, most noticeably the squared-off shallow columellar tooth that runs in to connect with the baffle, readily distinguishes this species from D. ecclesiola sp. nov. (which also occurs at Kimboza) and D. r. radius comb. nov. (which also occurs at both Kimboza and Pugu). It also distinguishes it from D. cuspidata (Verdcourt, 1962) comb. nov., with which it shares the strong upper columellar tooth and fine regular radial striae on the embryonic whorls. It differs from D. cresswelli sp. nov., with which it shares the furrow-like depression on the outer palatal surface, in dentition and in having stronger ribs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4511E41DD835FFD5FDC1FA70F745F80C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rowson, Ben;Tattersfield, Peter	Rowson, Ben, Tattersfield, Peter (2013): Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the “ Gulella radius group ” (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies. European Journal of Taxonomy 37 (37): 1-46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.37
4511E41DD837FFD4FE46FE8BF0D2FA35.text	4511E41DD837FFD4FE46FE8BF0D2FA35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dadagulella cuspidata (Verdcourt 1962) Rowson & Tattersfield 2013	<div><p>Dadagulella cuspidata (Verdcourt, 1962) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 31, 59, 84; Table 1</p><p>Gulella cuspidata Verdcourt, 1962: 3, 27-28, pl. 3, fig. 2.</p><p>“ Gulella sp. nov. ” – Verdcourt 1958: 94, 100, fig. 10.</p><p>Gulella cuspidata – van Bruggen 1969: 71. — Verdcourt 1983: 232. — Richardson 1988: 72. — Verdcourt 1996: 136. — Tattersfield 1998 b: 37. — Tattersfield et al. 1998: 135. — van Bruggen 2000: 233. — Verdcourt 2006: 46. — Rowson &amp; Lange 2007: 31. — Muratov 2010: 277.</p><p>Type material examined</p><p>TANZANIA: holotype MRAC.792352: 1 ad., Worlds View, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=38.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 38.2/lat -4.7)">Shume</a>, West Usambara Mts (4.70°S, 38.20°E), in rather dry evergreen forest, leg. B. &amp; L. Verdcourt, Dec. 1956.</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>None.</p><p>Description</p><p>SHELL (Figs 31, 59). Large (4.30 - 4.80 mm high x 1.80 x 2.50 mm wide), of 7.75 whorls. Ovate-acuminate, spire coeloconoid (spire angle 58°). Apex sharply pointed. Embryonic whorls appear smooth but with fine regular radial striae. Later whorls with relatively few, coarse ribs (about 8 per mm on penultimate whorl). Sutures of intermediate depth. Umbilicus narrowly open. Peristome incomplete parietally. Outer palatal surface of aperture with a furrow-like depression corresponding to the upper palatal tooth. Dentition 6-fold (alternatively recognisable as 5-fold), consisting of: one lamella-like parietal tooth; two palatal teeth, the upper much larger and forming a parieto-palatal sinus; one basal, in-running tooth; and a strong, squarish columellar tooth, running in to form a columellar baffle which is connected to it. Juvenile shells and anatomy unknown.</p><p>Range and habitat</p><p>Elevation not stated but probably between 1500-2000 m at the type locality in northeastern Tanzania.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species differs from D. minareta sp. nov. in having two palatal teeth, in having a basal tooth, in the shape of the parietal tooth, and in size.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4511E41DD837FFD4FE46FE8BF0D2FA35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rowson, Ben;Tattersfield, Peter	Rowson, Ben, Tattersfield, Peter (2013): Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the “ Gulella radius group ” (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies. European Journal of Taxonomy 37 (37): 1-46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.37
4511E41DD837FFD2FDF8FA7AF196FD75.text	4511E41DD837FFD2FDF8FA7AF196FD75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dadagulella pembensis Rowson & Tattersfield 2013	<div><p>Dadagulella pembensis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4442210F-A097-400D-B34F-96A4B7677CE7</p><p>Figs 32, 46, 60, 66-68, 70, 75, 79-80, 84; Table 1</p><p>““ Gulella” radius (Preston, 1910) ” – Rowson et al. 2010 b: 9-10, 28-29, figs 60-61.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From Pemba Island, with the final ‘a’ elided for euphony.</p><p>Type material examined</p><p>TANZANIA: holotype NMW.Z.2009.013.00227: 1 ad., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.69&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.94" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.69/lat -4.94)">Ngezi Forest Reserve</a> (4.94°S, 39.69°E), Pemba I., Zanzibar, dry forest on dark, sandy soil on coral rag on Tondooni peninsula within reserve, leg. BR, B. H. Warren &amp; CFN, 7 Feb. 2009; fig. 60 in Rowson et al. (2010b) . Paratypes NMW. Z. 2009.013.00228: 2 ads, data as holotype. Paratypes MRAC. MT. 803796-7: 2 ads, data as holotype. Paratypes NHMUK. 20120261: 2 ads, data as holotype. Paratypes NMK: 2 ads, data as holotype. Paratypes NMT: 2 ads, data as holotype. Paratypes NMSA. L8694/T3063: 2 ads, data as holotype. Paratypes RMNH. MOL. 288090: 2 ads, data as holotype.</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>TANZANIA: NMW. Z.2009.013.00229: 15 juvs, data as holotype; one figured as fig. 61 in Rowson et al. (2010 b). NMW. Z.2009.013.00230: 3 ads, near Chwaka (5.39° S, 39.77° E), Pemba I., Zanzibar, clove and fruit tree woodland on dark, sandy soil, leg. BR, B. H. Warren &amp; CFN, 15 Feb. 2009. NMW. Z.2009.013.00231: 3 ads, Msitu Mkuu Forest Reserve (5.00° S, 39.83° E), Pemba I., Zanzibar, moist forest on dark (not sandy) soil on coral rag in high forest in north of reserve, leg. BR, B. H. Warren &amp; CFN, 10 Feb. 2009. NMW. Z.2009.013.00232: 3 ads, Ngezi Forest Reserve, Pemba I., Zanzibar, dry forest and thicket on dark, sandy soil on coral rag on coast of Tondooni peninsula within reserve, leg. BR, B. H. Warren &amp; CFN, 8 Feb. 2009. NMW. Z.2009.013: Many additional ads and juvs from the type locality and other sites on Pemba I., Feb. 2009; see table 2 of Rowson et al. (2010 b).</p><p>Description</p><p>SHELL (Figs 32, 46, 60). Large (4.80 - 5.50 mm high x 2.00 - 2.50 mm wide), of 6.5 - 7.5 whorls. Ovateacuminate, spire narrowly to broadly acuminate (spire angle 51 - 65°). Apex sharply pointed. Embryonic whorls smoothly granulate. Later whorls with relatively coarse ribs (12 - 15 per mm on penultimate whorl). Sutures shallow, shell appearing relatively straight-sided. Umbilicus closed or nearly so. Peristome complete, or incomplete parietally. Outer palatal surface of aperture with a depression corresponding to the palatal tooth and often another corresponding to the basal tooth. Dentition 6-fold, consisting of: one lamella-like parietal tooth; one slab-like palatal tooth, forming a parieto-palatal sinus; one basal denticle; a deep-set columellar baffle, sometimes folded, sub-bifid or sub-trifid; and two shallower, broad columellar denticles. Juvenile shells (Fig. 46) with 3-fold dentition, similar to some forms of D. r. radius comb. nov.: one parietal lamella; one basal tooth; and one columellar thickening. Earlier basal teeth are retained in juveniles.</p><p>CEPHALOPODIUM. Pale yellow, with apricot to orange tentacle retractors.</p><p>SALIVARY GLANDS (Fig. 70). United, soft, not tumid, elongate, Y-shaped; each duct leaving at the apex of the lobe and evenly thick throughout.</p><p>RADULA (Figs 66-68). With a unicuspid central tooth and around 15 laterals in each half-row, gradually diminishing in size laterally. All laterals bicuspid, tricuspid, or quadricuspid, with outer cusps much smaller than inner cusps. Teeth delicate, short and flake-like at the ventral end of the radular ribbon.</p><p>GENITALIA (Figs 75, 79, 80). Vas deferens appearing thickened prior to insertion on penis, but actually with a short, broad parallel diverticulum. Penial sheath absent but with a thin sheath-like layer contiguous with wall of lower penis. Interior of penis with weak radial pilasters and small rhombic pads. Apical, muscular part of penis with a single large hook, associated with a spatulate “scoop” with microscopically serrated tip. Elsewhere in penis, one or two longitudinal rows of short, simple hooks mounted on rhombic pads. “Spermatophore” (see Discussion) present in penis of two Ngezi specimens; partially digested remains in bursa of another.</p><p>Range and habitat</p><p>Pemba Island, Tanzania, where widespread in forest and other vegetated habitats.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species was discussed by Rowson et al. (2010 b), who suggested a thorough revision of the group to establish whether the Pemba populations were part of a variable D. radius comb. nov. or a subspecies or species endemic to Pemba. This uncertainty was incorporated into their conclusions on endemism on the island (Rowson et al. 2010 b: 28-29, 32). We find here that there is little or no overlap with D. radius comb. nov. s.l. or other species, so conclude that this is an island endemic, which we here name D. pembensis sp. nov. Like specimens of D. r. radius comb. nov. on the opposite mainland at Amboni (e.g. Figs 15, 53), D. pembensis sp. nov. is large and has a complex pattern of 6-fold dentition. However it is distinguishable from them by its even larger size, shallower sutures, and having on average an extra 0.5 whorls. It differs from D. minuscula mahorana subsp. nov. which has similar dentition, in its larger size, shallower sutures, and stronger and more widely spaced ribs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4511E41DD837FFD2FDF8FA7AF196FD75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rowson, Ben;Tattersfield, Peter	Rowson, Ben, Tattersfield, Peter (2013): Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the “ Gulella radius group ” (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies. European Journal of Taxonomy 37 (37): 1-46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.37
4511E41DD831FFD1FE1EFD39F6B1FD9E.text	4511E41DD831FFD1FE1EFD39F6B1FD9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dadagulella nictitans (Rowson & Lange 2007) Rowson & Tattersfield 2013	<div><p>Dadagulella nictitans (Rowson &amp; Lange, 2007) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 33, 84; Table 1</p><p>Gulella nictitans Rowson &amp; Lange, 2007: 27-31, figs 4-7, 14-19.</p><p>Type material examined</p><p>KENYA: holotype NMK: 1 ad., Taita Hills, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=38.37&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 38.37/lat -3.45)">Macha Forest Reserve</a> (3.45°S, 38.37°E), leaf litter in indigenous forest (site IB), 1550 m alt., leg. C.N. Lange, 27 Nov. 1998 . Paratypes NMW. Z. 2007.024.00007-00009: 3 ads, data as holotype. Paratype NMW. Z. 2007.024.00010: 1 juv., data as holotype.</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>None.</p><p>Description</p><p>SHELL (Fig. 33). Medium-sized (3.60 - 3.90 mm high x 2.00 - 2.20 mm wide), of 5.5 whorls. Ovateacuminate, although spire (spire angle 64 - 69°) less acuminate than in other Dadagulella gen. nov. Apex rounded. Embryonic whorls smoothly granulate. Later whorls with relatively coarse ribs (13 - 15 per mm on penultimate whorl). Sutures of intermediate depth. Umbilicus closed or nearly so. Peristome complete. Outer palatal surface of aperture with a long, furrow-like depression corresponding to the palatal tooth. Dentition 5-fold or 6-fold, consisting of: one V-shaped parietal tooth; one slab-like palatal tooth, forming a conspicuous and narrow parieto-palatal sinus; and two to three shallow columellar teeth, the lower the largest. A deep set-columellar baffle is partly or completely hidden by the constricted aperture, while a basal denticle is completely hidden behind the palatal tooth. However, the baffle and basal denticle are probably present in all specimens. One broken juvenile shell is known; it appears to lack teeth.</p><p>CEPHALOPODIUM. Pale cream, with pale tentacle retractors.</p><p>SALIVARY GLANDS. United, soft, not tumid, elongate, Y-shaped; each duct leaving at the apex of the lobe and evenly thick throughout.</p><p>RADULA. Not successfully prepared.</p><p>GENITALIA. Figured in Rowson &amp; Lange (2007).Vas deferens thickened prior to insertion on penis but apparently without diverticulum. Penial sheath absent. Interior of penis with weak radial pilasters, a single longitudinal pilaster, and small rhombic pads. Apical, muscular part of penis with two large hooks, associated with a spatulate “scoop” with microscopically serrated tip. Elsewhere in penis a single longitudinal row of short, simple hooks mounted on rhombic pads.</p><p>Range and habitat</p><p>Montane forest (1400 - 1900 m) at the type locality and three other Forest Reserves in the Taita Hills, southeastern Kenya (Rowson &amp; Lange 2007).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species is included in Dadagulella gen. nov. on the basis of the apical penial scoop and hooks, and the Y-shaped salivary gland. Its shell features are consistent with inclusion in Dadagulella gen. nov. although the apex is more rounded than in other species. A slightly or strongly rounded apex occurs in D. selene comb. nov. and D. meredithae comb. nov. The parieto-palatal sinus, hidden basal denticle, and columellar dentition of D. nictitans comb. nov. allow it to be separated from other species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4511E41DD831FFD1FE1EFD39F6B1FD9E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rowson, Ben;Tattersfield, Peter	Rowson, Ben, Tattersfield, Peter (2013): Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the “ Gulella radius group ” (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies. European Journal of Taxonomy 37 (37): 1-46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.37
4511E41DD832FFD1FDE8FD21F0B7F80C.text	4511E41DD832FFD1FDE8FD21F0B7F80C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dadagulella frontierarum Rowson & Tattersfield 2013	<div><p>Dadagulella frontierarum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9D028B17-9FCB-47E8-96B1-5901B8E3EA4E</p><p>Figs 34, 61, 84; Table 1</p><p>Etymology</p><p>After Frontier Tanzania, the organisation which collected the specimens; given the ending ‘- arum ’ for a feminine noun in the genitive plural.</p><p>Type material examined</p><p>TANZANIA: holotype NMW. Z. 2003.074.00001: 1 ad., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=38.77&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.87" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 38.77/lat -4.87)">Mtai Forest Reserve</a> (4.87°S, 38.77°E), East Usambara Mts, Muheza District (plot 69/3), submontane forest at 970 m alt., leg. Frontier Tanzania, 8 Mar. 1997 . Paratypes NMW. Z. 2003.074.00002: 2 ads, data as holotype. Paratype NMW. Z. 2003.074.00003: 1 ad., data as holotype. Paratype NMW. Z. 2003.074.00004: 1 ad., data as holotype but 7 Mar. 1997. Paratypes NMT: 2 ads, data as holotype.</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>None.</p><p>Description</p><p>SHELL (Figs 34, 61). Medium-sized (3.15 - 3.40 mm high x 1.80 - 2.05 mm wide), of 4.5 - 5.0 whorls. Ovateacuminate, spire narrowly acuminate (spire angle 68 - 77°). Apex sharply pointed. Embryonic whorls smoothly granulate. Later whorls with few, widely-spaced, coarse ribs (5 - 7 per mm on penultimate whorl). Sutures very deep. Umbilicus narrowly open. Peristome complete, almost detached. Outer palatal surface of aperture with a depression corresponding to the lower palatal teeth. Dentition 6-fold, consisting of: one complex, V-shaped and flaring parietal tooth; three palatal teeth, the lower two larger and set low down on the palatal surface, not forming a parieto-palatal sinus; one basal, in-running denticle; and one shallow but strong, in-running columellar tooth. Shells and anatomy of juveniles unknown.</p><p>Range and habitat</p><p>Submontane forest (970 m elevation) in the East Usambara Mountains, northeastern Tanzania.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The complex dentition and detached peristome of D. frontierarum sp. nov. are unlike that of any other Dadagulella gen. nov. species. It is also characteristic for its few whorls, few ribs and sharply pointed apex. Biogeographically a close relationship with other species in and around the East Usambaras would seem likely but there is no strong resemblance.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4511E41DD832FFD1FDE8FD21F0B7F80C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rowson, Ben;Tattersfield, Peter	Rowson, Ben, Tattersfield, Peter (2013): Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the “ Gulella radius group ” (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies. European Journal of Taxonomy 37 (37): 1-46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.37
4511E41DD833FFDFFDDAFE8BF691FEAF.text	4511E41DD833FFDFFDDAFE8BF691FEAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dadagulella delta Rowson & Tattersfield 2013	<div><p>Dadagulella delta sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BF3B 1698 -C8EF-4B28-89A8-D1AA85773A42</p><p>Figs 35, 72, 76, 81, 84; Table 1</p><p>“ Gulella sp. 12” – Tattersfield et al. 2006: 52-53.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From Greek ‘ delta ’, after the letter we originally used as an informal morphospecies name for the species; used as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material examined</p><p>TANZANIA: holotype NMW.Z.2003.001.00019: 1 ad., Mt. Mwanihana Forest Reserve (7.82°S, 36.83°E), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.83&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.82" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.83/lat -7.82)">Udzungwa Mts National Park</a>, Kilombero District, forest at 1050 m alt., leg. BR, PT, MBS &amp; CFN, 29 Jan. 2003 . Paratype NMW. Z. 2003.001.00020: 1 ad., data as holotype but 1200 m alt., 30 Jan. 2003.</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>None.</p><p>Description</p><p>SHELL (Fig 32). Large (4.20 - 4.30 mm high x 2.10 - 2.40 mm wide), of 6.5 whorls. Ovate-acuminate, spire broadly acuminate (spire angle 56 - 66°). Apex pointed. Embryonic whorls smoothly granulate. Later whorls with coarse, sinuous ribs (12-13 per mm on penultimate whorl). Sutures of intermediate depth. Umbilicus narrowly open. Peristome incomplete parietally. Outer palatal surface of aperture with a depression corresponding to the palatal tooth. Dentition weak, 3-fold (although could be interpreted as 2-fold or 4-fold), consisting of: one lamella-like parietal tooth; one weak palatal tooth, not forming a parieto-palatal sinus; a columellar baffle so deeply set as to be almost invisible in apertural view; and a very weak shallow columellar swelling. Juvenile shells unknown.</p><p>CEPHALOPODIUM. Pale cream, with pale tentacle retractors.</p><p>SALIVARY GLANDS (Fig. 72). United, soft, not tumid, elongate, bilobed; each duct leaving at the whitened apex of the lobe and evenly thick throughout.</p><p>RADULA. Not successfully prepared.</p><p>GENITALIA (Figs 76, 81). Vas deferens appearing thickened prior to insertion on penis but actually with an elongate, parallel diverticulum. Penial sheath absent. Interior of penis with weak radial pilasters and small rhombic pads. Apical part of penis with a single large hook, associated with a spatulate “scoop” with microscopically serrated tip. Elsewhere in penis, an elongate cluster of short, simple hooks mounted on rhombic pads.</p><p>Range and habitat</p><p>Montane forest (1000 - 1200 m) in the Udzungwa Mountains, central Tanzania.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species is distinctive in its simple and weak dentition, weaker than in any other Dadagulella gen. nov. species except in D. rondoensis (Verdcourt, 1994) comb. nov. and D. conoidea (Verdcourt, 1996) comb. nov. which have a more conical shape. It can be distinguished from Gulella udzungwensis</p><p>van Bruggen, 2003, which also occurs on Mt. Mwanihana (van Bruggen 2003), by having a more acuminate spire and more pointed apex, deeper sutures, sinuous ribs and no basal tooth.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4511E41DD833FFDFFDDAFE8BF691FEAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rowson, Ben;Tattersfield, Peter	Rowson, Ben, Tattersfield, Peter (2013): Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the “ Gulella radius group ” (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies. European Journal of Taxonomy 37 (37): 1-46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.37
4511E41DD83CFFDEFE26FEF0F07BFBF7.text	4511E41DD83CFFDEFE26FEF0F07BFBF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dadagulella selene (van Bruggen & Van Goethem 1999) Rowson & Tattersfield 2013	<div><p>Dadagulella selene (van Bruggen &amp; Van Goethem, 1999) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 36, 84; Table 1</p><p>Gulella selene van Bruggen &amp; Van Goethem, 1999: 39-40, figs 11-12.</p><p>Gulella selene – van Bruggen 2000: 233.</p><p>Type material examined</p><p>DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: paratype RBINS.MT.1645: 1 ad., Kivu Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.5/lat -0.0)">Virunga National Park</a>, northern sector, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.5/lat -0.0)">Kalivina River</a>, tributary of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.5/lat -0.0)">Talya Nord River</a>, bamboo forest, Hagenia Moench, 1000- 2720 m (approx. 0.0°S, 29.5°E), leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck &amp; H. Synave, 28 Aug. 1953 (examined digital photograph only).</p><p>Type locality</p><p>“D.R. Congo, Kivu Province, Virunga National Park, northern sector, at Musabaki (=Musavaki) River, 2720 m ” (van Bruggen &amp; Van Goethem 1999) (approx. 0.0°S, 29.5°E).</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>None.</p><p>Description</p><p>SHELL (Fig. 36). Medium-sized (3.60 - 3.70 mm high x 2.10 - 2.20 mm wide), of 6.0 - 6.25 whorls. Ovateacuminate, although spire (spire angle 70°) less acuminate than in other Dadagulella gen. nov. Apex rounded. Embryonic whorls “completely smooth, although there is a hint of spiral engraving” (van Bruggen &amp; Van Goethem 1999). Later whorls with numerous, fine, very weak ribs (about 16 per mm on penultimate whorl). Sutures of intermediate depth. Umbilicus closed or nearly so. Peristome complete. Outer palatal surface of aperture with a depression corresponding to the palatal tooth. Dentition 5-fold, consisting of: one lamella-like parietal tooth; one bifid slab-like palatal tooth, not forming a parietopalatal sinus; a baso-columellar tooth or denticle; a deep-set columellar baffle and a shallower columellar tooth. Dentition alternatively recognisable as 6-fold, if the bifid palatal tooth is interpreted as two teeth (van Bruggen 1969). Juvenile shells and anatomy unknown.</p><p>Range and habitat</p><p>Montane forest (1000 - 2720 m) in the Albertine Rift. The type locality and the other in the Virunga National Park are in bamboo forest (van Bruggen &amp; Van Goethem 1999). Wronski &amp; Hausdorf (2010) also record it from montane forest at around 2300 m in Echuya Forest Reserve, southwestern Uganda.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Van Bruggen &amp; Van Goethem (1999) considered this species to belong to the group of species among which van Bruggen (1969) placed D. browni comb. nov. They noted that within this group D. selene comb. nov. was the most weakly sculptured and had distinctive dentition. These comments are still applicable among the larger number of species we attribute to Dadagulella gen. nov. However, like D. browni semulikiensis subsp. nov., D. selene comb. nov. is notable for occurring far to the northwest of other Dadagulella gen. nov species. It deserves further study from the perspective of Conogulella Pilsbry, 1919 (see Discussion).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4511E41DD83CFFDEFE26FEF0F07BFBF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rowson, Ben;Tattersfield, Peter	Rowson, Ben, Tattersfield, Peter (2013): Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the “ Gulella radius group ” (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies. European Journal of Taxonomy 37 (37): 1-46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.37
4511E41DD83DFFDDFE63FBB7F6E2FD5C.text	4511E41DD83DFFDDFE63FBB7F6E2FD5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dadagulella meredithae (van Bruggen 2000) Rowson & Tattersfield 2013	<div><p>Dadagulella meredithae (van Bruggen, 2000) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 37, 84; Table 1</p><p>Gulella meredithae van Bruggen, 2000: 226-232, figs 1-7.</p><p>“…an as yet unidentified species from Malawi ” – van Bruggen &amp; Meredith 1984: 165.</p><p>Gulella meredithae – Rowson &amp; Lange 2007: 31.</p><p>Type material examined</p><p>MALAWI: holotype RMNH.59399: 1 ad., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.8/lat -10.6)">Nyika National Park</a> (approx. 10.6°S, 33.8°E), Rumphi District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.8/lat -10.6)">Juniper Forest</a>, approx. 2100 m alt., leg. H.M. Meredith, 16 Sep. 1983.</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>None.</p><p>Description</p><p>SHELL (Fig. 37). Small (2.30 - 3.10 mm high x 1.40 - 1.60 mm wide), of 5.5 - “&lt;6” whorls. Ovate-acuminate, although spire (spire angle 58 - 77°) less acuminate than in other Dadagulella gen. nov species. Apex rounded (in holotype) to weakly pointed. Embryonic whorls smoothly granulate. Later whorls with very fine, very numerous ribs (about 27 per mm on penultimate whorl). Sutures of intermediate depth. Umbilicus closed or nearly so. Peristome incomplete parietally. Outer palatal surface of aperture with a depression corresponding to the palatal tooth. Dentition 3-fold to 4-fold, consisting of at least: one lamella-like parietal tooth; one slab-like palatal tooth, not forming a parieto-palatal sinus; and a mammillate columellar baffle. Additional teeth limited to a shallow, weak columellar swelling. Juvenile shells with 2-fold to 3-fold dentition: one parietal tooth; one columellar tooth; and usually one basal tooth (termed labral by van Bruggen 2000). Van Bruggen (2000) showed that earlier sets of dentition are visible through the shells of some transparent juveniles, even in the preceding whorls, suggesting slow or no resorbtion. Anatomy unknown.</p><p>Range and habitat</p><p>Montane forest (above 1500 m to around 2450 m) in northern and central Malawi, and adjacent part of Zambia (Chowo Forest). Van Bruggen (2000) suspected it to range into parts of Tanzania adjoining northern Malawi.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species is distinctive in its small size, very fine, numerous ribs, and dentition. It differs from D. radius comb. nov. s.l. and D. browni comb. nov. s.l. in the lack of a basal tooth or denticle. The apex is rounded in the holotype but more conical in paratypes figured by van Bruggen (2000).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4511E41DD83DFFDDFE63FBB7F6E2FD5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rowson, Ben;Tattersfield, Peter	Rowson, Ben, Tattersfield, Peter (2013): Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the “ Gulella radius group ” (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies. European Journal of Taxonomy 37 (37): 1-46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.37
4511E41DD83EFFDCFE00FD63F6D1F80C.text	4511E41DD83EFFDCFE00FD63F6D1F80C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dadagulella minuscula subsp. minuscula (Morelet 1877) minuscula (Morelet 1877	<div><p>Dadagulella minuscula minuscula (Morelet, 1877) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 38-39, 62-63, 84; Table 1</p><p>Pupa minuscula Morelet, 1877: 340 .</p><p>Pupa fischeriana Morelet, 1877: pl. XII, fig. 5 (objective synonym).</p><p>Ennea fischeriana – Morelet 1881: 230-231. — Richardson 1988: 103 (objective synonym).</p><p>Ennea (Gulella) fischeriana – Tryon 1885: 100, pl. 20, fig. 39.</p><p>Ennea (Uniplicaria) fischeriana – Kobelt 1905: 166, pl. 22, fig. 10; 1910: 158.</p><p>Pupa minuscula – Kobelt 1905: 166; 1910: 158. — van Bruggen 1975: 166.</p><p>Ennea minuscula – Preston 1910: 529.</p><p>Gulella minuscula Morelet (non Gulella minuscula Emberton &amp; Pearce, 2000) – Fischer-Piette &amp; Vukadinovic 1974: 55. — Richardson 1988: 103. — Rowson 2007a: 441-442. — Rowson &amp; Lange 2007: 31. — Muratov 2010: 277.</p><p>Type material examined</p><p>COMOROS: lectotype (here designated) and paralectotype NHMUK. 1893.2.4.87-88: 2 ads, “ Anjouan I. ” (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.22" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.45/lat -12.22)">Nzwani I.</a>, approx. 12.22°S, 44.45°E), labelled “types”. The smaller of the two specimens is apparently the shell figured in Morelet (1877: pl. XII, fig. 5) under the name “ fischeriana ”. It was evidently formerly on a white card mount. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.22" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.45/lat -12.22)">This</a> shell is here designated lectotype, while the larger is considered a paralectotype (although Morelet’s description could in fact have been made from a single shell).</p><p>Type locality</p><p>“Dans l’île d’Anjouan (Johanna)” (Morelet 1877; from title of paper).</p><p>Description</p><p>SHELL (Figs 38-39, 62-63). Variable in size, shape and dentition, small to large (3.00 - 4.10 mm high x 1.90 - 2.00 mm wide), of 6.5 - 7.0 whorls. Ovate-acuminate, spire broadly acuminate (spire angle 48 - 63°). Apex pointed. Embryonic whorls smoothly granulate. Later whorls with relatively fine, numerous ribs (10 - 13 per mm on penultimate whorl). Sutures relatively deep. Umbilicus closed or nearly so. Peristome complete, or incomplete parietally. Outer palatal surface of aperture with a depression corresponding to the palatal tooth. Dentition 4-fold (lectotype, Figs 38, 62) to 5-fold (paralectotype, Figs 39, 63), consisting of: one lamella-like parietal tooth; one slab-like palatal tooth, often bifid, but with parietopalatal sinus barely present; one basal denticle; and one deep-set columellar baffle, always visible. An additional shallow columellar denticle is present in the paralectotype. Shells and anatomy of juveniles unknown.</p><p>Range and habitat</p><p>Nzwani (Anjouan) island in the Comoros archipelago; habitat unknown.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Morelet (1877) described this species from Anjouan (type locality implied by the paper’s title) under the name “ Pupa minuscula ” but figured it under the name “ Pupa fischeriana ” (pl. XII, fig. 5). In the paper he compared it to three species from “Île Bourbon” (Réunion), but none is very like it, suggesting Morelet was unaware of other Dadagulella gen. nov. species and probably meaning that D. m. minuscula comb. nov. was the first species of the group to be collected. Two of the Réunion species are streptaxids of the Mascarene genus Gonospira Swainson, 1840 while the third belongs to the Pupillidae Turton, 1831 (see Griffiths &amp; Florens 2006). Although Kobelt (1905, 1910) classified D. m. minuscula comb. nov. (under fischeriana) in the subgenus Ennea (Uniplicaria) L. Pfeiffer, 1856, it is very unlike Pupa cerea Dunker, 1848, the type species of Uniplicaria. Preston (1910) made a more relevant comparison in his description of Ennea radius, noting that his species had coarser ribs, a columellar denticle, and a bifid palatal tooth that were absent in D. m. minuscula comb. nov. Given these remarks and the fact that Preston cited only Anjouan as a locality for D. m. minuscula comb. nov., it thus appears he examined only the lectotype of the latter or material that was very like it. We agree that these features distinguish the lectotype of D. m. minuscula comb. nov. from that of D. r. radius comb. nov. However, the paralectotype (if it is such; see also below) of D. m. minuscula comb. nov., while having similarly fine ribs, has a stronger shallow columellar denticle that resembles that of D. r. radius comb. nov. Although we have seen no mainland specimen that exactly matches either of them, both specimens of D. m. minuscula comb. nov. fall within the range of variation seen in D. r. radius comb. nov. in other respects. It is therefore possible that the two taxa are synonymous, in which case Morelet’s name would take priority over Preston’s. It is even possible that D. minuscula comb. nov. s.l. consists of populations of D. radius comb. nov. s.l. derived from specimens introduced from the African mainland (the alternative, that D. radius comb. nov. s.l. was introduced into East Africa from the Comoros appears unlikely given the variation seen in East African populations and the many similar species there). That said, the isolated, volcanic Comoros archipelago comprises a region of endemism in itself and D. minuscula comb. nov. s.l. could easily be a Comoros endemic whose overlapping variation with D. radius comb. nov. s.l. is due to homoplasy. Resolving the relationships between these two taxa, and D. m. mahorana subsp. nov. below, is likely to require anatomical or molecular data. Until such information becomes available, and while we focus on other issues within Dadagulella gen. nov., we maintain the two species as separate. Van Bruggen (1986) took a similar approach with two other streptaxids, one described by Preston from the Shimba Hills, the other by Morelet from Mayotte.</p><p>There is a nomenclatural issue concerning the name minuscula Morelet, 1877 . Morelet (1881) tried to replace the name used for the (1877) description, Pupa minuscula, with the name used for the (1877) figure, Ennea fischeriana . Morelet (1881) wrote that the name P. minuscula had been published in error. Subsequently both Tryon (1885: 100) and Kobelt (1905: 166; 1910: 158) accepted fischeriana as the species name. However, when revising the fauna of the Comoros, Fischer-Piette &amp; Vukadinovic (1974) disagreed. They treated E. fischeriana is an objective synonym of P. minuscula since the latter was not preoccupied and was validly introduced. This point of view was followed by Richardson (1988). As a consequence, the lectotype of D. m. minuscula comb. nov. in NHMUK also becomes the lectotype of E. fischeriana and the latter name remains unavailable for a taxon founded on another specimen. This includes the paralectotype, which is further discussed below.</p><p>Finally, we note that, although Emberton &amp; Pearce (2000) described a junior homonym of minuscula Morelet, 1877 in Gulella ( G. minuscula Emberton &amp; Pearce, 2000) no replacement name is required since minuscula Morelet is here transferred from Gulella to Dadagulella gen. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4511E41DD83EFFDCFE00FD63F6D1F80C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rowson, Ben;Tattersfield, Peter	Rowson, Ben, Tattersfield, Peter (2013): Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the “ Gulella radius group ” (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies. European Journal of Taxonomy 37 (37): 1-46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.37
4511E41DD838FFDAFDA1FE8BF394FBA8.text	4511E41DD838FFDAFDA1FE8BF394FBA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dadagulella minuscula subsp. mahorana Rowson & Tattersfield 2013	<div><p>Dadagulella minuscula mahorana subsp. nov.</p><p>Figs 40, 64, 84; Table 1</p><p>? Ennea (Uniplicaria) fischeriana “grössere Form auf Mayotte ” – Kobelt 1905: 166.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From English noun or adjective ‘Mahoran’, denoting a person or thing from Mayotte; Latinized by the addition of the feminine ending ‘- a ’ and used as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material examined</p><p>MAYOTTE: holotype NMW.1955.158.25051: 1 ad., “ Mayotte I. ”, standing as “ fischeriana ” . Paratypes NMW. 1955.158.25065: 2 ad., data as holotype.</p><p>Type locality</p><p>Mayotte (approx. 12.85°S, 45.15°E), Comoros archipelago.</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>MAYOTTE: NHMUK.1882.5.27.6-7: 2 ad., “Mayotte” (approx. 12.85°S, 45.15°E), standing as “ fischeriana ”. NHMUK.20110171: 2 ad., “Mayotte”, standing as “ fischeriana ”. RMNH.MOL.273928: 1 ad., “Mayotte”, standing as “ fischeriana ”.</p><p>Description</p><p>SHELL (Figs 40, 64). Variable in size, shape and dentition, large (4.30 - 4.60 mm high x 1.90 - 2.20 mm wide), of 6.5 - 7.5 whorls. Ovate-acuminate, spire narrowly acuminate to coeloconoid (spire angle 50 - 57°). Apex pointed. Embryonic whorls smoothly granulate. Subsequent whorls with finer, much more numerous ribs than the lectotype of D. r. radius comb. nov. (15 - 23 per mm on penultimate whorl). Sutures relatively deep. Umbilicus closed or nearly so. Peristome complete, or incomplete parietally. Outer palatal surface of aperture with a depression corresponding to the palatal tooth. Dentition 6-fold, consisting of: one lamella-like parietal tooth, sometimes slightly bifid; one slab-like palatal tooth, often bifid, but with parieto-palatal sinus barely present; one basal denticle; two shallow columellar denticles; and one deep-set columellar baffle, folded and sub-trifid, always visible. Shells and anatomy of juveniles unknown.</p><p>Range and habitat</p><p>Mayotte; habitat unknown.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This Mayotte subspecies is here separated from its counterpart on Nzwani for the first time. Specimens of Dadagulella gen. nov. species from Mayotte were first discussed by Morelet (1881) under his proposed replacement name for Pupa minuscula (see above). He noted specimens from Mayotte were larger and had more complex dentition than those from Anjouan. Tryon (1885) and Kobelt (1905) followed Morelet in treating D. fischeriana (i.e. D. minuscula comb. nov. s.l.) as a variable species that was present on the “ Comoros Islands” (Tryon 1885) or on Anjouan, with a “grössere Form auf Mayotte ” (Kobelt 1905, although his dimensions of 9 mm x 2 mm must be erroneous). Both authors appear to have copied Morelet’s (1877) figure of the lectotype of D. m. minuscula comb. nov., unless they saw material very like it, and appear to have repeated (translated) Morelet’s (1881) comments on dentition. Tryon (1885) says “sometimes the parietal lamina is accompanied by a more profound very small tooth” but this may be a misinterpretation of Morelet’s (1881) “le pli pariétal peut être accompagné d’une très petite denticule plus profonde”, with “plus profonde” meaning ‘deeper’, rather than ‘profound’, i.e. ‘more obvious’ or ‘more important’. Morelet’s “denticule” is likely to refer to the bifid shape of the parietal tooth, rather than to an additional parietal denticle (like that of D. browni comb. nov. s.l.) which is not present in any of the specimens of D. minuscula comb. nov. s.l. we examined. It is not clear to which of the other teeth Morelet’s (1881) “cinquième petite dent, dans la gorge de la coquille” refers, because all Mayotte specimens we examined have 6-fold dentition. It could even be the fifth tooth, i.e. the shallow columellar denticle, of the paralectotype of D. m. minuscula comb. nov., since Morelet (1881) is not explicit about the shell he is referring to. This raises another unfortunate possibility: that the paralectotype of D. m. minuscula comb. nov., apparently from Anjouan, was in fact a specimen without type status that was added later, and may even have come from Mayotte (or elsewhere), which would accord with Morelet’s (1881) amendments to his description. However, we have no other reason to doubt the existing labels.</p><p>We here introduce the name D. m. mahorana subsp. nov. for the larger, coeloconoid specimens from Mayotte, the name fischeriana Morelet being unavailable (see above). They are indeed larger than the two specimens of D. m. minuscula comb. nov. (the size ranges do not overlap), are more elongate, have a more coeloconoid spire, finer and more numerous ribs, and 6-fold dentition including two shallow columellar denticles. These same features also distinguish them from D. radius comb. nov. s.l., which they overlap in size but only barely in the higher number of ribs per millimetre. Although as with D. radius comb. nov. s.l., it is difficult to distinguish intra- and interspecific variability, it is clear that the differences between the holotype of D. m. mahorana subsp. nov. and the lectotype of D. m. minuscula comb. nov., each collected on different islands, are substantial and sufficient for most modern authors to consider them distinct species. Alternatively, and given the residual uncertainty about the paralectotype of D. m. minuscula comb. nov., they may form part of a complex of subspecies. Again, further data is needed to address this.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4511E41DD838FFDAFDA1FE8BF394FBA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rowson, Ben;Tattersfield, Peter	Rowson, Ben, Tattersfield, Peter (2013): Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the “ Gulella radius group ” (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies. European Journal of Taxonomy 37 (37): 1-46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.37
4511E41DD839FFD8FE7EFBF6F6ECFCF7.text	4511E41DD839FFD8FE7EFBF6F6ECFCF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dadagulella rondoensis (Verdcourt 1994) Rowson & Tattersfield 2013	<div><p>Dadagulella rondoensis (Verdcourt, 1994) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 41, 84; Table 1</p><p>Gulella rondoensis Verdcourt, 1994: 137-139, fig. 1.</p><p>Gulella rondoensis – Verdcourt 2006: 48.</p><p>Type material examined</p><p>TANZANIA: holotype SMF.310150: 1 ad., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.22&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.12" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.22/lat -10.12)">Rondo Forest Reserve</a>, Rondo Plateau, Lindi District (10.12°S, 39.22°E), evergreen forest with Milicia Sim, Albizia Durazz., Dialium L., etc. in small gully and amphitheatre around a well on escarpment, 650 m alt., leg. Bidgood, Abdallah &amp; Vollesen, 10 Feb. 1991 (examined digital photograph only).</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>None.</p><p>Description</p><p>SHELL (Fig. 41). Large (4.10 mm high x 2.20 mm wide), of 6.25 whorls. Subconical (maximum width being in bottom third of the shell, at body whorl). Spire narrowly acuminate, almost cyrtoconoid (convex) rather than coeloconoid (spire angle 52°). Apex sharply pointed. Embryonic whorls punctate or malleate, rather than merely granulate. Later whorls with relatively fine ribs (about 14 per mm on penultimate whorl). Sutures of intermediate depth. Umbilicus narrowly open. Peristome incomplete parietally. Dentition weak, 3-fold (although could be interpreted as 2-fold), consisting of: one lamellalike parietal tooth, with a swelling above it that recalls the one in D. conoidea; one weak palatal tooth, not forming a parieto-palatal sinus; and one very weak, shallow columellar swelling. Further minute swellings just perceptible in the holotype (Fig. 41) were not noted by Verdcourt (1994) who interpreted the dentition as 2-fold. Shells and anatomy of juveniles unknown.</p><p>Range and habitat</p><p>Forest at the type locality, southeastern Tanzania.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species differs from D. conoidea comb. nov. in its weaker dentition, smaller size, and in having punctate apical whorls. Along with D. conoidea comb. nov. and D. delta sp. nov. it has weaker dentition than other Dadagulella gen. nov. However, both D. rondoensis comb. nov. and D. conoidea comb. nov. are distinctively more conical, i.e. less ovate than other Dadagulella gen. nov. These two are attributed to the genus somewhat speculatively, on the basis of their acuminate spire and pointed apex. These features mean they do not obviously fit into Gulella or any of its named subgenera, or indeed other plausible streptaxid genera. No anatomical or juvenile shell data are available for either species, both being known from single specimens. The punctuate apex of D. rondoensis comb. nov., unique in Dadagulella gen. nov., may not be significant in this respect (see Rowson 2007b for a discussion on the value of apical sculpture in distinguishing African streptaxid genera). The apex of D. conoidea comb. nov. is less obviously punctuate, although it may have been worn smooth (Verdcourt 1996). In the description of D. rondoensis comb. nov., Verdcourt (1994) discussed a resemblance only to Gulella galactochila (Crosse, 1885), a much larger and more broadly acuminate Tanzanian species that we consider to lack the characteristic features of Dadagulella gen. nov. Although G. galactochila has not been dissected, the anatomy of another species very similar to it ( G. udzungwensis van Bruggen, 2003) lacks the anatomical features of Dadagulella gen. nov. (Rowson unpublished). In his discussion of D. conoidea comb. nov., Verdcourt (1996) made no reference to either D. rondoensis comb. nov. or G. galactochila, but only to two species that we here treat in Dadagulella gen. nov. ( D. r. radius comb. nov. and D. cuspidata comb. nov.). We contend firstly that D. rondoensis comb. nov. and D. conoidea comb. nov. are more similar to one another than either is to G. galactochila, and secondly that the resemblance between D. conoidea comb. nov., D. r. radius comb. nov. and D. cuspidata comb. nov. extends also to D. rondoensis comb. nov .. Our attribution of them to Dadagulella gen. nov. reflects this point of view.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4511E41DD839FFD8FE7EFBF6F6ECFCF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rowson, Ben;Tattersfield, Peter	Rowson, Ben, Tattersfield, Peter (2013): Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the “ Gulella radius group ” (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies. European Journal of Taxonomy 37 (37): 1-46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.37
4511E41DD83BFFE6FE7BFCBAF724F80C.text	4511E41DD83BFFE6FE7BFCBAF724F80C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dadagulella conoidea (Verdcourt 1996) Rowson & Tattersfield 2013	<div><p>Dadagulella conoidea (Verdcourt, 1996) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 42, 84; Table 1</p><p>Gulella conoidea Verdcourt, 1996: 135-137, fig. 1.</p><p>Gulella conoidea – Tattersfield 1998b: 37. — Verdcourt 2006: 48.</p><p>Type material examined</p><p>TANZANIA: Holotype RMNH.MOL.57150: 1 ad., East Usambara foothills, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=38.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.58" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 38.45/lat -4.58)">Kwamgumi/Segoma Reserve</a>, about 4.57°- 4.58°S, 38.43° - 38.45°E, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=38.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.58" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 38.45/lat -4.58)">Muzi R./Sigi R.</a> junction, leg. Frontier Tanzania (examined digital photograph only).</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>None.</p><p>Description</p><p>SHELL (Fig. 42). Large (5.5 mm high x 2.80 mm wide), of 8.0 whorls. Subconical (maximum width being in bottom third of the shell, at body whorl). Spire narrowly acuminate, almost cyrtoconoid (convex) rather than coeloconoid (spire angle 48°). Apex sharply pointed. Embryonic whorls “probably smooth but worn” (Verdcourt 1996). Later whorls with relatively weak ribs (about 11 per mm on penultimate whorl). Sutures relatively shallow. Umbilicus narrowly open. Peristome incomplete parietally, or nearly so. Dentition 3-fold (although could be interpreted as 4-fold), consisting of: one lamella-like parietal tooth, with a swelling above it that recalls that in D. rondoensis comb. nov.; one strongly bifid palatal tooth (or pair of teeth), not forming a parieto-palatal sinus; and a shallow columellar tooth or denticle. Shells and anatomy of juveniles unknown.</p><p>Range and habitat</p><p>Altitude and habitat not stated but probably in lowland forest at approximately 200 m at the type locality, northeastern Tanzania. Another species ( D. radius comb. nov.) also occurs at Kwamgumi.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>See D. rondoensis comb. nov. above.</p><p>Key to species and subspecies (adult shells)</p><p>1. Dentition simple, 2-fold to 4-fold (Figs 35, 38, 41, 42, 51, 56, 62), never including a parietal denticle to the left of parietal tooth ............................................................................................................... 2</p><p>– Dentition complex, 5-fold to 8-fold (Figs 52-55, 57-61, 63, 64) (if in doubt key from here) ......... 8</p><p>2. Basal denticle absent ........................................................................................................................ 3</p><p>– Basal denticle present (may be partly or wholly hidden behind palatal tooth, e.g. Fig. 56, so if alternative fails return here) ............................................................................................................. 6</p><p>3. Shell small (up to 3.1 mm high) with very fine, very numerous ribs (about 27 per mm on penultimate whorl) (Fig. 37) ...................................................... D. meredithae (van Bruggen, 2000) comb. nov.</p><p>– Shell large (4.1 - 5.5 mm high) and with 13 or fewer ribs per mm on penultimate whorl (Figs 35, 41- 42) .................................................................................................................................................... 4</p><p>4. Shell ovate-acuminate (maximum width approximately at middle of shell); spire broadly acuminate (spire angle 56° or more); ribs sinuous (Fig. 35) ..................................................... D. delta sp. nov.</p><p>– Shell subconical (maximum width in bottom third of shell); spire narrowly acuminate (spire angle 52° or less); ribs not sinuous (Figs 41-42) ....................................................................................... 5</p><p>5. One palatal tooth, columellar dentition weak or absent; 4.10 mm high (Fig. 41) .............................. ...................................................................................... D. rondoensis (Verdcourt, 1994) comb. nov.</p><p>– Two palatal teeth; one strong shallow columellar tooth; 5.5 mm high (Fig. 42) ................................ ......................................................................................... D. conoidea (Verdcourt, 1996) comb. nov.</p><p>6. Deep-set columellar baffle clearly visible through aperture (if not so clearly visible, then apex pointed and not rounded) (e.g. Figs 51-57, 62-64) .......................................................................... 7</p><p>– Columellar baffle barely visible through aperture; apex rounded (Taita Hills, Kenya) (Fig. 33) ...... ............................................................................. D. nictitans (Rowson &amp; Lange, 2007) comb. nov.</p><p>7. No columellar dentition other than deep-set baffle; basal denticle present, either completely hidden by a slab-like palatal tooth or visible only when shell is turned (Kimboza, Uluguru Mts, Tanzania) (Figs 28, 56) ..................................................................................................... D. ecclesiola sp. nov.</p><p>– Usually with shallow columellar dentition as well as deep-set baffle; basal denticle clearly visible in normal apertural view .................................................................................................................... 19</p><p>8. Parietal tooth strongly V-shaped, flaring, directed outwards; three palatal teeth; shell of 5.0 or fewer whorls (Figs 34, 61) .................................................................................... D. frontierarum sp. nov.</p><p>– Shell without this combination of characters ................................................................................... 9</p><p>9. Upper shallow columellar tooth strong, squarish, projecting into aperture as far or further than any deeper columellar baffle (Figs 30-31, 36, 58-59) .......................................................................... 10</p><p>– Shallow columellar dentition projecting less far into aperture than any deeper columellar baffle (Figs 51-57, 60-64) ................................................................................................................................. 12</p><p>10. Apex rounded; spire broadly acuminate, spire angle 70°; ribs weak, almost disappearing in the middle of the whorl (Virunga NP, DR Congo) (Fig. 36) .................................................................... .............................................................. D. selene (van Bruggen &amp; Van Goethem, 1999) comb. nov.</p><p>– Apex sharply pointed; spire acuminate or coeloconoid, spire angle 65° or less; ribs prominent, running from suture to suture; apex finely radially striate in fresh specimens (Figs 30-31) .......... 11</p><p>11. Shell more than 4.0 mm high; parietal tooth simple, lamella-like; two palatal teeth (W. Usambara Mts, Tanzania) (Figs 31, 59) .......................................... D. cuspidata (Verdcourt, 1962) comb. nov.</p><p>– Shell up to 4.0 mm high; parietal tooth V-shaped; one palatal tooth (elsewhere in Tanzania) (Figs 30, 58) ..................................................................................................................... D. minareta sp. nov.</p><p>12. Outer palatal surface of aperture with very deep, long, furrow-like depression; basal denticle absent or not visible in apertural view (Figs 29, 33, 57) ........................................................................... 13</p><p>– Outer palatal surface of aperture with shallow, not furrow-like depression; basal denticle clearly visible in apertural view ................................................................................................................. 14</p><p>13. Apex sharply pointed; spire coeloconoid (Ngorongoro, Tanzania) (Figs 29, 57) .. D. cresswelli sp. nov.</p><p>– Apex rounded (Taita Hills, Kenya) (Fig. 33) ...... D. nictitans (Rowson &amp; Lange, 2007) comb. nov.</p><p>14. Sculpture of widely-spaced, flaring, subtriangular, lamella-like ribs; spire narrowly acuminate (spire angle &lt;50°) (Cabo Delgado, Mozambique) (Fig. 27) ......... D. delgada (Muratov, 2010) comb. nov.</p><p>– Shell without this combination of characters ................................................................................. 15</p><p>15. Shell 4.8 mm - 5.5 mm high (Pemba I., Tanzania) (Figs 32, 60) ..................... D. pembensis sp. nov.</p><p>– Shell up to 4.6 mm high ................................................................................................................. 16</p><p>16. Shell up to 3.3 mm high; parieto-palatal sinus narrow, appearing parallel-sided in apertural view; nearly always with an additional, small parietal denticle to the left of parietal lamella; nearly always with two basal denticles (Figs 21-26, 54-55) ... 17 ( D. browni (van Bruggen, 1969) comb. nov. s.l.)</p><p>– Shell up to 4.6 mm high; parieto-palatal sinus wide, not parallel-sided in apertural view; always without a small parietal denticle to the left of parietal lamella, even if shell less than 3.3 mm high .............. 19</p><p>17. Only one basal denticle present; no columellar dentition other than a deep-set baffle (Mafia I., Tanzania) (Figs 21, 54) ................................................................... D. browni mafiensis subsp. nov.</p><p>– Two basal denticles almost always present; one or two columellar denticles present in addition to a deep-set baffle (Figs 22-26, 55) ..................................................................................................... 18</p><p>18. Shell 3.15 - 3.25 mm high; sutures relatively shallow; peristome complete; parieto-palatal sinus longer and narrower, not widening appreciably towards its inner end (Semuliki NP, Uganda) (Figs 22, 55; compare with Figs 23-26) ............................................ D. browni semulikiensis subsp. nov.</p><p>– Shell (2.55 - 3.20 mm high; sutures relatively deep; peristome incomplete parietally; parieto-palatal sinus shorter and broader, widening towards its inner end (South Africa, Mozambique, S. Tanzania) (Figs 23-26; compare with Figs 22, 55) ............ D. browni browni (van Bruggen, 1969) comb. nov.</p><p>19. Sculpture of numerous, fine ribs (15 or more per mm on penultimate whorl); spire coeloconoid, elongate (Mayotte) (Figs 40, 64) ............................................ D. minuscula mahorana subsp. nov.</p><p>– Shell without this combination of characters (e.g. Figs 1-20, 38-39) ............................................ 20</p><p>20. Shell 4.0 mm or more high, sculpture of few, coarse, widely-spaced ribs (5 - 10 per mm on penultimate whorl); dentition 4-fold to 5-fold (Taru Desert and elsewhere in SE Kenya) (Figs 6-8, 51). ............ ......................................................................... D. radius calva (Connolly, 1922) comb. et stat. nov.</p><p>– Shell without this combination of characters ................................................................................. 21</p><p>21. Dentition 5-fold or more, although when shallow columellar dentition is weak, might be considered 4-fold (lowlands of SE. Kenya and NE. Tanzania) (Figs 1-5, 9-20, 52-53) ....................................... ..................................................................................... D. radius radius (Preston, 1910) comb. nov.</p><p>– Dentition 4-fold, lacking a shallow columellar tooth (as in the lectotype) or 5-fold, with a shallow columellar tooth (as in the paralectotype) (Nzwani [Anjouan] I., Comoros) (Figs 38-39, 62-63) ..... ....................................................................... D. minuscula minuscula (Morelet, 1877) comb. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4511E41DD83BFFE6FE7BFCBAF724F80C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rowson, Ben;Tattersfield, Peter	Rowson, Ben, Tattersfield, Peter (2013): Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the “ Gulella radius group ” (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies. European Journal of Taxonomy 37 (37): 1-46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.37
