identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
441A8784536E782AFF68FF3BF7242061.text	441A8784536E782AFF68FF3BF7242061.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zalmoxidae Sorensen 1886	<div><p>Family Zalmoxidae Sørensen, 1886</p><p>Type genus. Zalmoxis Sørensen, 1886; type species Zalmoxis robustus Sørensen, 1886, by subsequent designation: Roewer (1949: 20).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/441A8784536E782AFF68FF3BF7242061	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sharma, Prashant P.	Sharma, Prashant P. (2012): New Australasian Zalmoxidae (Opiliones: Laniatores) and a new case of male polymorphism in Opiliones. Zootaxa 3236: 1-35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3236.1.1
441A8784536E7826FF68FEC8F496250B.text	441A8784536E7826FF68FEC8F496250B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zalmoxis princeps	<div><p>Zalmoxis princeps sp. nov.</p><p>Figs. 1–4</p><p>Types. Male holotype (MNHN [ex MCZ DNA 102358]) from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=166.95924&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.342028" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 166.95924/lat -22.342028)">Port Boisé Bay</a> (22° 20' 31.3" S, 166° 57' 33.3" E), New Caledonia, 1 m elevation, collected 29 April 2007 by J. Murienne and P.P. Sharma from sifted litter . 5 male (2 used for DNA extraction [ex MCZ DNA 102358], dissected for genitalia, and mounted on SEM stub MCZ 124546; 1 mounted on SEM stubs MCZ 124547–124548; 2 in ethanol) and 4 female (4 in ethanol; 1 used for DNA extraction and leg IV mounted on SEM stub MCZ 124547) paratypes (MCZ 124549 [ex MCZ DNA 102358]), same collecting data as holotype. 1 female paratype (used for DNA extraction [ex MCZ DNA 102354]) from Pic du Grand Kaori (22° 16' 47.2" S, 167° 53' 41.1" E), New Caledonia, 237 m elevation, collected 17 April 2007 by J. Murienne and P.P. Sharma from sifted litter (MCZ 124550). One male paratype (used for DNA extraction [ex MCZ DNA 102355]) from Forêt Nord (Kwa Neie) (22° 19' 22.5" S, 166° 54' 54.2" E), New Caledonia, 197 m elevation, collected 17 April 2007 by J. Murienne and P.P. Sharma from sifted litter (MCZ 124551) .</p><p>Additional material studied. 6 juveniles, same collecting data as holotype . 1 juvenile (used for DNA extraction) from Pic du Grand Kaori (22° 16' 46.6" S, 167° 49' 40.5" E), New Caledonia, 254 m elevation, collected 17 April 2007 by J. Murienne and P.P. Sharma from sifted litter (MCZ DNA 102353) . 1 juvenile from Port Boisé Bay (22° 20' 26.0" S, 166° 57' 32.1" E), New Caledonia, 2 m elevation, collected 29 April 2007 by J. Murienne and P.P. Sharma from sifted litter . 1 female and 3 juveniles from Port Boisé Bay (22° 20' 31.3" S, 166° 57' 33.3" E), New Caledonia, 10 m elevation, collected 29 April 2007 by J. Murienne and P.P. Sharma from sifted litter.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet, an invariable noun in apposition, refers to the embellished armature of the legs and opisthosomal sternites in males of this species. From Latin, “ princeps, principis ” meaning “first, chief, sovereign”.</p><p>Diagnosis. Distinguished from congeners by embellished armature of male leg IV, particularly spiny tubercles on femur and tibia; sternite 7 armed with two enlarged tubercles; anal plate armed with seven enlarged tubercles, three of these massive; rutrum with long lateral extensions; and flattened pergula with eight setae.</p><p>Description. Total length of male holotype (female paratype [MCZ 124549] in parentheses) 3.18 (2.46), greatest width of prosoma 1.05 (1.04), greatest width of opisthosoma 2.26 (1.74); length-to-width ratio 1.41 (1.41). Body campaniform, dark orange to brown (in alcohol, depending on incidence of light), almost entirely with dense microgranulate surface microstructure (sensu Murphree 1988). Eyes present on low, well-developed ocularium. Ocularium wider than long, removed from anterior margin of carapace, without spines or tubercles. Anterior margin of carapace with two pairs of pegs above coxae of leg I and single median peg. Scutal grooves of mesotergum distinctly “V” shaped. Free tergites with regular belts of setose tubercles (Fig. 1).</p><p>Ventral prosomal complex of male with coxae II and III meeting in midline, coxae I and IV not so. Anterior and posterior margins of coxae III with tubercular bridges to adjacent coxae, and coxae I–III with setose tubercles. Coxae IV of male greatly enlarged, with setose tubercles concentrated on anterior margin. Genital operculum subtriangular. Spiracles not concealed, anterior to row of tubercles. Opisthosomal sternites 3–6 and 8 with regular belts of setose tubercles, with tubercles enlarging laterally. Sternite 7 with two enlarged tubercles flanking the midline. Anal plate armed with nine tubercles: three greatly enlarged setose tubercles on transverse midline of segment, with two smaller pairs of setose tubercles flanking longitudinal midline, arranged anterior and posterior to greatly enlarged tubercles, and one small anterior-most pair (Fig. 2).</p><p>Chelicerae (Fig. 3 a) sexually monomorphic, with prominent bulla on proximal article. Proximal article with denticulate granulation basally and ventrally. Second article not incrassate, free of ornamentation, with dorsal margin bearing several setae. Distal article with delicate dentition, free of ornamentation. Palpi (Fig. 3 b) robust and spined ventrally and/or ventrolaterally, typical of zalmoxids. Palpal tarsus with two pairs of megaspines.</p><p>Legs (I–IV; Fig. 3 c–g) finely granulated. Trochanter, patella, and tibia of all legs bearing irregular rows of setose tubercles. Leg I (Fig. 3 c) femur with ventral row of small tubercles. Male leg IV (Fig. 3 f) sexually dimorphic, incrassate, elongated, and heavily armored. Male trochanter IV and patella IV each bearing a large ventral tubercle. Male femur IV bearing dorsal and ventral rows of prominent tubercles, with ventral row enlarging distally. Male patella IV with a row of dorsal tubercles. Male tibia IV with one dorsal, one ventral, two mesal, and two ectal rows of tubercles enlarging distally. Calcaneus of male metatarsus IV with a ventral pair of distally-directed, hook-like tubercles. Metatarsi I–IV divided distally, with calcaneus less ornamented but generally more setose. Tarsal claws I–IV smooth, unmodified. Tarsal segmentation 3: 6: 5: 6 (Fig. 3).</p><p>Appendage measurements of holotype (length/width):</p><table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><th>Tr</th><th>Fe</th><th>Pa</th><th>Ti</th><th>Mt</th><th>Ta</th><th>Total</th></tr><tr><th>Leg I</th><td>0.20/0.17</td><td>0.75/0.16</td><td>0.40/0.17</td><td>0.53/0.15</td><td>0.74/0.15</td><td>0.55/0.09</td><td>3.17</td></tr><tr><th>Leg II</th><td>0.30/0.22</td><td>1.07/0.15</td><td>0.57/0.20</td><td>0.94/0.16</td><td>1.20/0.07</td><td>1.30/0.07</td><td>5.38</td></tr><tr><th>Leg III</th><td>0.26/0.33</td><td>0.87/0.18</td><td>0.41/0.27</td><td>0.72/0.19</td><td>1.03/0.12</td><td>0.75/0.08</td><td>4.04</td></tr><tr><th>Leg IV</th><td>0.50/0.40</td><td>1.80/0.40</td><td>0.86/0.45</td><td>1.34/0.32</td><td>1.30/0.15</td><td>0.87/0.11</td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Palp</th><td>0.27/0.24</td><td>0.58/0.24</td><td>0.35/0.24</td><td>0.53/0.28</td><td>—</td><td>0.50/0.16</td><td>2.23</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>Proximal</td><td>Second</td><td>Distal</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><th>Chelicera</th><td>0.39/0.21</td><td>0.45/0.26</td><td>0.30/0.05</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr></table><p>Appendage measurements of female paratype (MCZ 124549) (length/width):</p><table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><th>Tr</th><th>Fe</th><th>Pa</th><th>Ti</th><th>Mt</th><th>Ta</th><th>Total</th></tr><tr><th>Leg I</th><td>0.20/0.17</td><td>0.70/0.13</td><td>0.35/0.16</td><td>0.49/0.15</td><td>0.74/0.07</td><td>0.59/0.08</td><td>3.07</td></tr><tr><th>Leg II</th><td>0.26/0.19</td><td>1.00/0.15</td><td>0.50/0.16</td><td>0.83/0.16</td><td>1.20/0.07</td><td>1.07/0.08</td><td>4.86</td></tr><tr><th>Leg III</th><td>0.24/0.25</td><td>0.87/0.16</td><td>0.38/0.23</td><td>0.64/0.16</td><td>0.91/0.09</td><td>0.65/0.10</td><td>3.69</td></tr><tr><th>Leg IV</th><td>0.34/0.23</td><td>1.05/0.18</td><td>0.64/0.25</td><td>0.94/0.18</td><td>1.21/0.10</td><td>0.76/0.10</td><td>4.94</td></tr><tr><th>Palp</th><td>0.24/0.24</td><td>0.64/0.24</td><td>0.32/0.21</td><td>0.55/0.25</td><td>—</td><td>0.47/0.16</td><td>2.22</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>Proximal</td><td>Second</td><td>Distal</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><th>Chelicera</th><td>0.54/0.31</td><td>0.80/0.27</td><td>0.21/0.03</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr></table><p>Penis (Fig. 4) with two pairs of setae on rutrum and eight setae on pergula (one median pair, and two trios displaced laterally from midline). One pair of setae displaced from midline and posterior to pergula. Rutrum with long lateral extensions. Pergula flattened, not projecting ventrally.</p><p>Distribution. Known from three formerly contiguous forests in the southern province of New Caledonia: Pic du Grand Kaori, Forêt Nord, and Port Boisé.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/441A8784536E7826FF68FEC8F496250B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sharma, Prashant P.	Sharma, Prashant P. (2012): New Australasian Zalmoxidae (Opiliones: Laniatores) and a new case of male polymorphism in Opiliones. Zootaxa 3236: 1-35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3236.1.1
441A878453627822FF68FB61F4D42284.text	441A878453627822FF68FB61F4D42284.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zalmoxis mendax	<div><p>Zalmoxis mendax sp. nov.</p><p>Figs. 5–8</p><p>Types. Male holotype (MNHN [ex MCZ DNA 102246]) from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=164.78334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 164.78334/lat -20.55)">Mt. Panie</a> track (20° 33' S, 164° 47' E), New Caledonia, collected 18 November 2000 by Bouchard, Burwell, and G.B. Monteith . 6 male (2 in ethanol; 2 extracted for DNA, dissected for genitalia, and mounted on SEM stubs MCZ 124553–124554; 2 mounted on SEM stubs MCZ 124556–124561) and 6 female (6 in ethanol; one with leg IV mounted on SEM stub MCZ 124555) paratypes, same collecting locality as holotype (MCZ 124552) .</p><p>Additional material studied. 18 females and 1 juvenile, same collecting data as holotype (MCZ).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet, an invariable noun in apposition, refers to the condition of the first walking leg, which bears four tarsomeres—a condition that occurs in a genus of questionable validity, Metazalmoxis (discussed below). From Latin, “ mendax, mendacis ” meaning “liar”.</p><p>Diagnosis. Distinguished from congeners by its large size; unique tarsal formula (4: 7: 5: 6); stout male leg IV bearing armature only as a ventral row of tubercles enlarging distally on the femur; rounded rutrum bearing two pairs of setae; and small pergula with two pairs of ventral setae and one pair of large dorsolateral setae.</p><p>Description. Total length of male holotype (female paratype [MCZ 124552] in parentheses) 3.43 (3.28), greatest width of prosoma 1.44 (1.32), greatest width of opisthosoma 2.40 (2.24); length-to-width ratio 1.43 (1.46). Body campaniform, dark brown (in alcohol, depending on incidence of light), almost entirely with dense microgranulate surface microstructure. Eyes present on low, well-developed ocularium. Ocularium wider than long, removed from anterior margin of carapace, with low irregular tubercles. Anterior margin of carapace with two pairs of pegs above coxae of leg I and single median peg. Scutal grooves of mesotergum distinct, sinuous, and losing curvature posteriorly (not “V”-shaped). Mesotergum and free tergites with regular belts of setose tubercles (Fig. 5).</p><p>Ventral prosomal complex of male with coxae II and III meeting in midline, coxae I and IV not so (Fig. 6 a). Anterior and posterior margins of coxae III with tubercular bridges to adjacent coxae, and coxae I–IV with low setose tubercles. Coxae IV of male greatly enlarged, with setose tubercles uniformly distributed. Genital operculum sub-triangular. Spiracles not concealed, anterior to row of tubercles. Opisthosomal sternites with regular belts of low setose tubercles. Anal plate armed with three tubercles slightly larger than others (Fig. 6 a).</p><p>Chelicerae (Fig. 6 b) sexually monomorphic, with prominent bulla on proximal article. Proximal article with denticulate granulation basally and ventrally. Second article not incrassate, free of ornamentation, with dorsal margin bearing several setae. Distal article with delicate dentition, free of ornamentation. Palpi (Fig. 6 c) robust and spined ventrally and/or ventrolaterally, typical of zalmoxids. Palpal tarsus with two pairs of megaspines.</p><p>Legs (I–IV; Fig. 7) finely granulated. Leg I trochanter with two ventral tubercles, femur with ventral row of small tubercles (Fig. 7 a). Leg IV sexually dimorphic, male leg IV incrassate, elongated, and lightly armored (Fig. 7 d). Male femur IV bearing ventral row of prominent tubercles enlarging distally. Male patella IV with a row of dorsal tubercles. Male tibia IV with one dorsal, one ventral, two mesal, and two ectal rows of tubercles enlarging distally. Calcaneus of male metatarsus IV with a ventral pair of distally-directed, hook-like tubercles. Metatarsi I– IV divided distally, with calcaneus less ornamented but generally more setose. Tarsal claws I–IV smooth, unmodified. Tarsal segmentation 4: 7: 5: 6 (Fig. 7).</p><p>Appendage measurements of holotype (length/width):</p><table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><th>Tr</th><th>Fe</th><th>Pa</th><th>Ti</th><th>Mt</th><th>Ta</th><th>Total</th></tr><tr><th>Leg I</th><td>0.29/0.24</td><td>1.29/0.16</td><td>0.55/0.23</td><td>0.84/0.16</td><td>1.44/0.07</td><td>0.80/0.10</td><td>5.21</td></tr><tr><th>Leg II</th><td>0.43/0.24</td><td>2.14/0.24</td><td>0.84/0.25</td><td>1.76/0.19</td><td>2.18/0.08</td><td>1.64/0.10</td><td>8.99</td></tr><tr><th>Leg III</th><td>0.42/0.43</td><td>1.62/0.24</td><td>0.65/0.34</td><td>1.22/0.25</td><td>1.92/0.13</td><td>1.04/0.11</td><td>6.87</td></tr><tr><th>Leg IV</th><td>0.60/0.42</td><td>2.66/0.40</td><td>1.28/0.50</td><td>2.04/0.36</td><td>2.38/0.28</td><td>1.18/0.13</td><td>10.14</td></tr><tr><th>Palp</th><td>0.27/0.33</td><td>0.92/0.28</td><td>0.45/0.29</td><td>0.69/0.37</td><td>—</td><td>0.73/0.20</td><td>3.06</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>Proximal</td><td>Second</td><td>Distal</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><th>Chelicera</th><td>0.63/0.35</td><td>1.02/0.31</td><td>0.43/0.09</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr></table><p>Appendage measurements of female paratype (MCZ 124552) (length/width):</p><table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><th>Tr</th><th>Fe</th><th>Pa</th><th>Ti</th><th>Mt</th><th>Ta</th><th>Total</th></tr><tr><th>Leg I</th><td>0.26/0.23</td><td>1.09/0.16</td><td>0.50/0.20</td><td>0.78/0.16</td><td>1.24/0.06</td><td>0.75/0.11</td><td>4.62</td></tr><tr><th>Leg II</th><td>0.29/0.25</td><td>1.80/0.20</td><td>0.75/0.24</td><td>1.54/0.17</td><td>1.80/0.09</td><td>1.68/0.08</td><td>7.86</td></tr><tr><th>Leg III</th><td>0.36/0.36</td><td>1.50/0.20</td><td>0.60/0.30</td><td>1.10/0.21</td><td>1.70/0.12</td><td>0.93/0.10</td><td>6.19</td></tr><tr><th>Leg IV</th><td>0.52/0.30</td><td>2.00/0.22</td><td>0.74/0.32</td><td>1.60/0.24</td><td>2.13/0.14</td><td>1.26/0.11</td><td>8.25</td></tr><tr><th>Palp</th><td>0.25/0.30</td><td>0.85/0.27</td><td>0.49/0.25</td><td>0.63/0.34</td><td>—</td><td>0.64/0.19</td><td>2.86</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>Proximal</td><td>Second</td><td>Distal</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><th>Chelicera</th><td>0.63/0.35</td><td>1.02/0.31</td><td>0.43/0.09</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr></table><p>Penis (Fig. 8) with two pairs of setae on rutrum and three pairs setae on pergula (one median, one ventrolateral, and one dorsolateral). One pair of setae displaced from midline and posterior to pergula. Rutrum small with rounded edges, wider than long, without lateral arrowhead-like extensions. Pergula slightly projecting ventrally.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/441A878453627822FF68FB61F4D42284	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sharma, Prashant P.	Sharma, Prashant P. (2012): New Australasian Zalmoxidae (Opiliones: Laniatores) and a new case of male polymorphism in Opiliones. Zootaxa 3236: 1-35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3236.1.1
441A87845366783FFF68FBE6F4D626E4.text	441A87845366783FFF68FBE6F4D626E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zalmoxis kaktinsae	<div><p>Zalmoxis kaktinsae sp. nov.</p><p>Figs. 9–11</p><p>Types. Male holotype (MNHN [ex MCZ DNA 102350]) from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=166.34894&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.060139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 166.34894/lat -22.060139)">Mt. Mou</a>, summit (22° 3' 36.5" S, 166° 20' 56.2" E), New Caledonia, 1227 m elevation, collected 12 April 2007 by J. Murienne and P.P. Sharma from sifted litter . 1 male paratype (used for DNA extraction, dissected for genitalia, and mounted on SEM stubs MCZ 124562– 124563]), same collecting data as holotype.</p><p>Etymology. The name honors Natalia Kaktins, a secondary school teacher of Latin and the classics who introduced the author to the mythology of Zalmoxis and other Thracian deities.</p><p>Diagnosis. Distinguished from congeners by the belt of large tubercles on sternite 7; the large tubercle on the lateral-most part of each opisthosomal sternite, forming a row on each side; armature of tibia IV in males, which bears a ventral row of tubercles with a single large tubercle in the center, and three smaller tubercles distally and five proximally; rutrum subrectangular in shape, longer than wide, tapering proximally; and a “double” pergula fused medially, bearing eight setae set equidistant from each other.</p><p>Description. Total length of male holotype 2.04, greatest width of prosoma 0.86, greatest width of opisthosoma 1.36; length-to-width ratio 1.50. Body campaniform, dark orange to brown (in alcohol, depending on incidence of light), almost entirely with dense microgranulate surface microstructure. Eyes present on low, welldeveloped ocularium. Ocularium wider than long, removed from anterior margin of carapace, without spines or tubercles. Anterior margin of carapace with two pairs of pegs above coxae of leg I and single median peg. Mesotergum generally smooth, mesotergal grooves distinctly “V”-shaped. Free tergites armed with regular belts of pointed setose tubercles (Fig. 9).</p><p>Ventral prosomal complex with coxae II and III meeting in midline, coxae I and IV not so (Fig. 10 a). Anterior and posterior margins of coxae III with tubercular bridges to adjacent coxae, and coxae I–II with low setose tubercles. Coxae IV greatly enlarged, with setose tubercles concentrated on anterior surface. Genital operculum semicircular. Spiracles not concealed, anterior to row of tubercles. Single large tubercle on the lateral-most part of each opisthosomal sternite, forming an anteroposterior row of large tubercles along lateral edges of sternites. Opisthosomal sternites additionally armed with low tubercles tapering medially, except sternite 7, which bears six large tubercles medially and two larger tubercles laterally. Anal plate armed with five tubercles approximating the size of median tubercles of sternite 7 (Fig. 10 b).</p><p>Chelicerae (Fig. 11 a) sexually monomorphic, with prominent bulla on proximal article. Proximal article with denticulate granulation basally and ventrally. Second article not incrassate, free of ornamentation, with dorsal margin bearing several setae. Distal article with delicate dentition, smooth, free of ornamentation. Palpi (Fig. 11 b) robust and spined ventrally and/or ventrolaterally, typical of zalmoxids. Palpal tarsus with two pairs of megaspines.</p><p>Legs (I–IV) finely granulated, of striated appearance due to de-pigmented regions on leg joints (Fig. 11 c–f). Leg I trochanter with one ventral and one dorsal tubercle, femur with ventral row of small tubercles (Fig. 11 c). Leg IV incrassate, elongated, and heavily armored (Fig. 11 f). Trochanter IV with one large ventral tubercle; femur IV bearing ventral row of four prominent tubercles with intermittent small tubercles. Femur, patella, and tibia IV dorsally and laterally covered with low setose tubercles. Male tibia IV with one dorsal row of tubercles enlarging proximally; and one ventral row of nine tubercles, with the largest, distally-directed, hook-like tubercle flanked by three smaller tubercles distally and five proximally. Metatarsus IV with a ventral row of setose tubercles and a lateral row of bulbous setose tubercles. Metatarsi I–IV divided distally, with calcaneus less ornamented but generally more setose. Tarsal claws I–IV smooth, unmodified. Tarsal segmentation 3: 4: 5: 5 (Fig. 11).</p><p>Appendage measurements of holotype (length/width):</p><table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><th>Tr</th><th>Fe</th><th>Pa</th><th>Ti</th><th>Mt</th><th>Ta</th><th>Total</th></tr><tr><th>Leg I</th><td>0.16/0.14</td><td>0.54/0.10</td><td>0.28/0.14</td><td>0.40/0.12</td><td>0.55/0.06</td><td>0.43/0.06</td><td>2.36</td></tr><tr><th>Leg II</th><td>0.19/0.14</td><td>0.81/0.10</td><td>0.39/0.25</td><td>0.65/0.13</td><td>0.71/0.06</td><td>0.84/0.07</td><td>3.59</td></tr><tr><th>Leg III</th><td>0.19/0.23</td><td>0.66/0.15</td><td>0.33/0.20</td><td>0.54/0.15</td><td>0.64/0.08</td><td>0.40/0.06</td><td>2.76</td></tr><tr><th>Leg IV</th><td>0.35/0.27</td><td>1.20/0.27</td><td>0.54/0.33</td><td>0.88/0.27</td><td>0.95/0.11</td><td>0.44/0.07</td><td>4.36</td></tr><tr><th>Palp</th><td>0.19/0.15</td><td>0.35/0.16</td><td>0.23/0.16</td><td>0.35/0.18</td><td>—</td><td>0.28/0.13</td><td>1.40</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>Proximal</td><td>Second</td><td>Distal</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><th>Chelicera</th><td>0.39/0.19</td><td>0.45/0.20</td><td>0.17/0.04</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr></table><p>Penis (Fig. 12) with two pairs of setae on diminutive rutrum and a “double” pergula fused medially. Eight setae on pergula (set approximately equidistant from each other). One pair of setae displaced from midline and slightly posterior to pergula. Rutrum small and subrectangular, longer than wide, without lateral arrowhead-like extensions or rounded edges, and tapering proximally. Pergula slightly projecting ventrally. Female unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/441A87845366783FFF68FBE6F4D626E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sharma, Prashant P.	Sharma, Prashant P. (2012): New Australasian Zalmoxidae (Opiliones: Laniatores) and a new case of male polymorphism in Opiliones. Zootaxa 3236: 1-35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3236.1.1
441A8784537A783CFF68FC62F4D42380.text	441A8784537A783CFF68FC62F4D42380.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zalmoxis perditus	<div><p>Zalmoxis perditus sp. nov.</p><p>Figs. 13–14</p><p>Types. Male holotype (MNHN [ex MCZ DNA 102356]) from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=167.52225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.589167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 167.52225/lat -22.589167)">Baie d'Upi</a>, Isle of Pines (22° 35' 21.0" S, 167° 31' 20.1"E), New Caledonia, 4 m elevation, collected 20 April 2007 by J. Murienne and P.P. Sharma from sifted litter. 1 female (in ethanol, used for DNA extraction [ex MCZ DNA 102356]) paratype, same collecting data as holotype (MCZ 124564).</p><p>Additional material studied. One juvenile, same collecting data as holotype.</p><p>Etymology. The name refers to the collecting locality of this species, the Isle of Pines, which is located to the south of the main island of New Caledonia (Grande Terre). From Latin, “ perditus, -a, -um ” meaning “lost” or “abandoned”.</p><p>Diagnosis. Distinguished from congeners by the coloration pattern, forming a pigment-free “U” shape on the opisthosomal sternites; a single lateral peg on the ectal surface of coxae II of both sexes; two ventroectal tubercles on femur IV of males; five tubercles, enlarging distally, on tibia IV of males; rutrum of arrowhead shape; and a “double” pergula not fused medially, bearing eight setae set equidistant from each other.</p><p>Description. Total length of male holotype (female paratype [MCZ 124564] in parentheses) 1.96 (1.50), greatest width of prosoma 0.76 (0.66), greatest width of opisthosoma 1.34 (1.26); length-to-width ratio 1.46 (1.19). Body campaniform, dark orange to brown (in alcohol, depending on incidence of light), almost entirely with dense microgranulate surface microstructure. Eyes present on low, well-developed ocularium. Ocularium wider than long, removed from anterior margin of carapace, without spines or tubercles. Anterior margin of carapace with two pairs of pegs above coxae of leg I and single median peg. Scutal grooves of mesotergum distinctly “V”-shaped. Free tergites with regular belts of small setose tubercles (Fig. 13).</p><p>Ventral prosomal complex with coxae II and III meeting in midline, coxae I and IV not so. Anterior and posterior margins of coxae III with tubercular bridges to adjacent coxae, and coxae I–II with low setose tubercles. Coxae II with lateral peg on ectal surface in both sexes. Coxae IV greatly enlarged. Genital operculum sub-triangular. Spiracles not concealed, anterior to row of tubercles. Coloration pattern of opisthosomal sternites forming a pigment-free “U” shape in both sexes. Opisthosomal sternites armed with low tubercles tapering medially, except sternite 8, which bears six larger tubercles. Anal plate armed with five tubercles, two of these large (Fig. 13).</p><p>Chelicerae sexually monomorphic, with prominent bulla on proximal article. Proximal article with denticulate granulation basally and ventrally. Second article not incrassate, free of ornamentation, with dorsal margin bearing several setae. Distal article with delicate dentition, free of ornamentation. Palpi robust and spined ventrally and/or ventrolaterally, typical of zalmoxids. Palpal tarsus with two pairs of megaspines.</p><p>Legs (I–IV) finely granulated, of slightly striated appearance due to de-pigmented regions on leg joints. Femora of legs I–II with ventral row of small tubercles. Male leg IV incrassate, elongated, and armored. Femur of male leg IV with two large ventroectal tubercles flanked by row of smaller ventromesal tubercles; tibia IV bearing ventral row of seven tubercles tapering proximally. Femur, patella, and tibia IV dorsally and laterally covered with low setose tubercles. Metatarsi I–IV divided distally, with calcaneus less ornamented but generally more setose. Tarsal claws I–IV smooth, unmodified. Tarsal segmentation 3: 5: 5: 6.</p><p>Appendage measurements of holotype (length/width):</p><table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><th>Tr</th><th>Fe</th><th>Pa</th><th>Ti</th><th>Mt</th><th>Ta</th><th>Total</th></tr><tr><th>Leg I</th><td>0.15/0.12</td><td>0.42/0.10</td><td>0.24/0.13</td><td>0.34/0.10</td><td>0.47/0.06</td><td>0.31/0.06</td><td>1.93</td></tr><tr><th>Leg II</th><td>0.17/0.13</td><td>0.56/0.09</td><td>0.33/0.13</td><td>0.53/0.11</td><td>0.49/0.05</td><td>0.59/0.05</td><td>2.67</td></tr><tr><th>Leg III</th><td>0.17/0.18</td><td>0.51/0.10</td><td>0.27/0.16</td><td>0.42/0.14</td><td>0.52/0.07</td><td>0.35/0.06</td><td>2.24</td></tr><tr><th>Leg IV</th><td>0.23/0.23</td><td>0.89/0.22</td><td>0.44/0.25</td><td>0.67/0.19</td><td>0.70/0.10</td><td>0.40/0.06</td><td>3.33</td></tr><tr><th>Palp</th><td>0.14/0.12</td><td>0.32/0.12</td><td>0.21/0.13</td><td>0.28/0.16</td><td>—</td><td>0.29/0.13</td><td>1.24</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>Proximal</td><td>Second</td><td>Distal</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><th>Chelicera</th><td>0.22/0.16</td><td>0.52/0.15</td><td>0.12/0.03</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr></table><p>Appendage measurements of female paratype (MCZ 124564) (length/width):</p><table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><th>Tr</th><th>Fe</th><th>Pa</th><th>Ti</th><th>Mt</th><th>Ta</th><th>Total</th></tr><tr><th>Leg I</th><td>0.15/0.12</td><td>0.44/0.11</td><td>0.24/0.12</td><td>0.29/0.10</td><td>0.40/0.06</td><td>0.35/0.06</td><td>1.87</td></tr><tr><th>Leg II</th><td>0.15/0.13</td><td>0.49/0.10</td><td>0.30/0.12</td><td>0.45/0.10</td><td>0.44/0.06</td><td>0.60/0.06</td><td>2.43</td></tr><tr><th>Leg III</th><td>0.16/0.14</td><td>0.45/0.11</td><td>0.25/0.15</td><td>0.34/0.13</td><td>0.47/0.06</td><td>0.40/0.06</td><td>2.07</td></tr><tr><th>Leg IV</th><td>0.17/0.15</td><td>0.69/0.12</td><td>0.34/0.16</td><td>0.52/0.13</td><td>0.64/0.07</td><td>0.42/0.06</td><td>2.78</td></tr><tr><th>Palp</th><td>0.12/0.14</td><td>0.34/0.12</td><td>0.17/0.13</td><td>0.27/0.15</td><td>—</td><td>0.27/0.08</td><td>1.17</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>Proximal</td><td>Second</td><td>Distal</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><th>Chelicera</th><td>0.22/0.15</td><td>0.51/0.17</td><td>0.14/0.03</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr></table><p>Penis (Fig. 14) with two unpaired setae on right margin of rutrum (possible anomaly) and a “double” pergula with unfused, slightly projecting margins. Eight setae on distal pergula (set approximately equidistant from each other). One pair of setae displaced from midline and slightly posterior to proximal pergula. Rutrum with lateral arrowhead-like extensions.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/441A8784537A783CFF68FC62F4D42380	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sharma, Prashant P.	Sharma, Prashant P. (2012): New Australasian Zalmoxidae (Opiliones: Laniatores) and a new case of male polymorphism in Opiliones. Zootaxa 3236: 1-35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3236.1.1
441A878453787837FF68F9C8F4D421DD.text	441A878453787837FF68F9C8F4D421DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zalmoxis falcifer	<div><p>Zalmoxis falcifer sp. nov.</p><p>Figs. 15–18</p><p>Types. Male holotype (WAM [ex MCZ DNA105836]) from Bonaparte Archipelago, W.A. (14° 31' S 124° 55' E), Australia, collected August 2002 by M.S. Harvey . 1 male (used for DNA extraction [ex MCZ DNA105836], dissected for genitalia, and mounted on SEM stubs MCZ 124565–124566) and 1 female (in ethanol; legs mounted on SEM stub MCZ 124574) paratype, same collecting data as holotype (MCZ 124567).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet, an invariable noun in apposition, refers to the gargantuan curved spine on tibia IV of males of the species. From Latin, “ falcifer, -era, -erum, itself from “ falx, falcis ” meaning “sickle” or alternatively a curved pole-arm historically used in combat by the Thracians and Dacians; and “ ferre ” meaning “to carry” or “to bear”.</p><p>Diagnosis. Distinguished from congeners by greatly incrassate tibia IV with a massively enlarged apophysis in males. Apophysis curved into a semicircle, ornamented with setose tubercles, and bearing four smaller tubercles on concave edge. Rutrum enlarged, rhomboid in dorsal aspect, with lateral extensions and bearing two pairs of setae.</p><p>Description. Total length of male holotype (female paratype [MCZ 124567] in parentheses) 2.28 (2.12), greatest width of prosoma 1.00 (0.85), greatest width of opisthosoma 1.74 (1.68); length-to-width ratio 1.31 (1.26). Body campaniform, dark orange to light brown (in alcohol, depending on incidence of light), almost entirely with dense microgranulate surface microstructure. Eyes present on low, well-developed ocularium. Ocularium wider than long, removed from anterior margin of carapace, without spines or tubercles. Anterior margin of carapace with two pairs of pegs above coxae of leg I and single median peg. Scutal grooves of mesotergum forming obtuse “V” shape. Area IV and margin of area V of mesotergum, and free tergites with belts of prominent setose tubercles (Fig. 15).</p><p>Ventral prosomal complex with coxae II and III meeting in midline, coxae I and IV not so (Fig. 16 a). Anterior and posterior margins of coxae III with tubercular bridges to adjacent coxae, and coxae I–III with low setose tubercles. Coxae IV greatly enlarged, with larger setose tubercles on anterior margin. Genital operculum sub-triangular. Spiracles not concealed, anterior to row of tubercles. Opisthosomal sternites armed with belts of low tubercles, except sternite 7, which bears one anterior and one posterior belt, with posterior belt of tubercles larger than anterior. Anal plate armed with eight prominent setose tubercles (Fig. 16 a).</p><p>Chelicerae (Fig. 16 b) sexually monomorphic, with prominent bulla on proximal article. Proximal article with denticulate granulation basally and ventrally. Second article not incrassate, smooth, free of ornamentation, with dorsal margin bearing several setae. Distal article with delicate dentition, free of ornamentation. Palpi (Fig. 16 c) robust and spined ventrally and/or ventrolaterally, typical of zalmoxids. Palpal tarsus with two pairs of megaspines.</p><p>Legs (I–IV) finely granulated (Fig. 17). Femora of legs I–II with ventral row of small tubercles (Fig. 17 a, b). Male leg IV incrassate, elongated, and heavily armored (Fig. 17 d, e). Coxa IV of male with single tubercle on mesal surface. Femur IV of male incrassate and bearing multiple rows of prominent tubercles on ventral and ventrolateral surfaces. Tibia IV of male greatly incrassate with a massively enlarged apophysis. Apophysis curved into a semicircle, ornamented with setose tubercles on both mesal and ectal surfaces, and bearing four smaller tubercles on concave edge. Metatarsus IV of male with ventral row of tubercles tapering distally. Calcaneus of male metatarsus IV with a small ventral pair of distally-directed, hook-like tubercles. Metatarsi I–IV divided distally, with calcaneus less ornamented but generally more setose. Tarsal claws I–IV smooth, unmodified. Tarsal segmentation 3: 5: 5: 6 (Fig. 15).</p><p>Appendage measurements of holotype (length/width):</p><table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><th>Tr</th><th>Fe</th><th>Pa</th><th>Ti</th><th>Mt</th><th>Ta</th><th>Total</th></tr><tr><th>Leg I</th><td>0.16/0.17</td><td>0.72/0.15</td><td>0.36/0.17</td><td>0.47/0.16</td><td>0.74/0.09</td><td>0.52/0.10</td><td>2.97</td></tr><tr><th>Leg II</th><td>0.22/0.20</td><td>1.00/0.16</td><td>0.48/0.20</td><td>0.85/0.17</td><td>1.09/0.09</td><td>0.87/0.10</td><td>4.51</td></tr><tr><th>Leg III</th><td>0.25/0.25</td><td>0.80/0.18</td><td>0.40/0.25</td><td>0.71/0.19</td><td>1.07/0.11</td><td>0.60/0.10</td><td>3.83</td></tr><tr><th>Leg IV</th><td>0.33/0.30</td><td>1.30/0.36</td><td>0.55/0.32</td><td>1.05/1.04</td><td>1.60/0.14</td><td>0.62/0.11</td><td>5.45</td></tr><tr><th>Palp</th><td>0.15/0.15</td><td>0.44/0.16</td><td>0.26/0.15</td><td>0.35/0.21</td><td>—</td><td>0.37/0.16</td><td>1.57</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>Proximal</td><td>Second</td><td>Distal</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><th>Chelicera</th><td>0.45/0.23</td><td>0.66/0.20</td><td>0.19/0.04</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr></table><p>Appendage measurements of female paratype (MCZ 124574) (length/width):</p><table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><th>Tr</th><th>Fe</th><th>Pa</th><th>Ti</th><th>Mt</th><th>Ta</th><th>Total</th></tr><tr><th>Leg I</th><td>0.20/0.17</td><td>0.69/0.13</td><td>0.36/0.16</td><td>0.46/0.14</td><td>0.78/0.08</td><td>0.53/0.08</td><td>3.02</td></tr><tr><th>Leg II</th><td>0.21/0.19</td><td>0.92/0.14</td><td>0.48/0.16</td><td>0.75/0.14</td><td>0.97/0.08</td><td>0.88/0.09</td><td>4.21</td></tr><tr><th>Leg III</th><td>0.23/0.19</td><td>0.82/0.14</td><td>0.38/0.20</td><td>0.62/0.16</td><td>0.98/0.09</td><td>0.57/0.09</td><td>3.60</td></tr><tr><th>Leg IV</th><td>0.25/0.20</td><td>1.06/0.16</td><td>0.40/0.17</td><td>0.74/0.15</td><td>1.22/0.11</td><td>0.61/0.08</td><td>4.28</td></tr><tr><th>Palp</th><td>0.16/0.15</td><td>0.44/0.15</td><td>0.25/0.15</td><td>0.35/0.18</td><td>—</td><td>0.37/0.14</td><td>1.57</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>Proximal</td><td>Second</td><td>Distal</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><th>Chelicera</th><td>0.46/0.24</td><td>0.65/0.21</td><td>0.20/0.04</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr></table><p>Penis (Fig. 18) with two pairs of setae on rutrum and three pairs setae on pergula (one median pair at base of rutrum, and two pairs displaced laterally from midline). One pair of setae displaced from midline and posterior to pergula. Rutrum enlarged, rhomboid in dorsal aspect, with lateral extensions. Pergula projecting ventrally.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/441A878453787837FF68F9C8F4D421DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sharma, Prashant P.	Sharma, Prashant P. (2012): New Australasian Zalmoxidae (Opiliones: Laniatores) and a new case of male polymorphism in Opiliones. Zootaxa 3236: 1-35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3236.1.1
441A878453737834FF68FEA8F38E2693.text	441A878453737834FF68FEA8F38E2693.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zalmoxis furcifer	<div><p>Zalmoxis furcifer sp. nov.</p><p>Figs. 19–22, 25</p><p>Types. Male holotype (QM [ex MCZ DNA106311]) from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.46172&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.06136" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.46172/lat -16.06136)">Daintree National Park</a>, Cape Tribulation Road, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.46172&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.06136" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.46172/lat -16.06136)">Emmagen Creek</a>, adjacent to “4WD track”, Cape Tribulation section, Queensland (16° 3' 40.9" S, 145° 27' 42.2" E), Australia, 30 m elevation, collected 26 April 2011 by R.M. Clouse and P.P. Sharma from sifted litter . 6 male (3 in ethanol; 1 dissected for genitalia and mounted on SEM stub MCZ 124568; 1 dissected for genitalia and mounted on SEM stubs MCZ 124568, MCZ 124571; 1 mounted on SEM stubs 124572–124573) and 5 female (3 in ethanol; 1 used for DNA extraction [ex MCZ DNA106311]; 1 mounted on SEM stub MCZ 124570) paratypes, same collecting locality as holotype (MCZ 124569) . 2 male and 3 female paratypes (MAGNT) from Daintree National Park, Mossman Gorge, on trail at end of road, Cape Tribulation section, Queensland (16° 28' 19.5" S, 145° 19' 49.7" E), Australia, 69 m elevation, collected 28–IV–2011 by R.M. Clouse and P.P. Sharma from sifted litter . 3 male and 3 female paratypes (WAM) from Barron Gorge National Park, Crystal Cascades trail, Queensland (16° 57' 50.6" S, 145° 40' 45.2" E), Australia, 75 m elevation, collected 29–IV–2011 by R.M. Clouse and P.P. Sharma from sifted litter . 2 male and 2 female paratypes (MHNG) from vicinity of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.96019&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.29175" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.96019/lat -17.29175)">Russell River National Park</a>, Graham Range, Queensland (17° 17' 30.3" S, 145° 57' 36.7" E), Australia, 44 m elevation, collected 30–IV–2011 by R.M. Clouse and P.P. Sharma from sifted litter.</p><p>Additional material studied. 1 male, 3 females and 2 juveniles from Daintree National Park, Mossman Gorge, on trail at end of road, Cape Tribulation section, Queensland (16° 28' 19.5" S, 145° 19' 49.7" E), Australia, 69 m elevation, collected 28–IV–2011 by R.M. Clouse and P.P. Sharma from sifted litter . 3 males, 4 females (1 used for DNA extraction [MCZ DNA106316]), and 2 juveniles from Barron Gorge National Park, Crystal Cascades trail, Queensland (16° 57' 50.6" S, 145° 40' 45.2" E), Australia, 75 m elevation, collected 29–IV–2011 by R.M. Clouse and P.P. Sharma from sifted litter. 2 males, 2 females (1 used for DNA extraction [MCZ DNA106318]) and 1 juvenile from vicinity of Russell River National Park, Graham Range, Queensland (17° 17' 30.3" S, 145° 57' 36.7" E), Australia, 44 m elevation, collected 30–IV–2011 by R.M. Clouse and P.P. Sharma from sifted litter . 2 females and 2 juveniles from vicinity of Russell River National Park, Graham Range, Queensland (17° 17' 23.5" S, 145° 57' 38.4" E), Australia, 38 m elevation, collected 30–IV–2011 by R.M. Clouse and P.P. Sharma from sifted litter . 2 females from Emmagen Creek, Daintree National Park, Cape Tribulation section, Queensland (16° 3' 41" S, 145° 27' 43" E), Australia, 22 m elevation, collected 18–II–2003 by C. D’Haese and G. Giribet.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet, an invariable noun in apposition, refers to the incidence of polymorphism in males of this species, likely indicative of alternative mating strategies. Derived from Latin, “ furcifer ” meaning “rascal” or “scoundrel”.</p><p>Diagnosis. Distinguished from congeners by coloration pattern; armature of free tergites (three large tubercles at posterior margin of last tergite) and anal plate (single large median tubercle); and greatly elongate walking leg IV in males.</p><p>Description. Total length of male holotype (female paratype [MCZ 124569] in parentheses) 2.26 (2.26), greatest width of prosoma 1.04 (0.94), greatest width of opisthosoma 1.74 (1.82); length-to-width ratio 1.30 (1.24). Body campaniform, colored yellow and black or brown (in alcohol, depending on incidence of light), almost entirely with dense microgranulate surface microstructure. Eyes present on low, well-developed ocularium. Ocularium wider than long, removed from anterior margin of carapace, without spines or tubercles. Anterior margin of carapace with two pairs of pegs above coxae of leg I and single median peg. Scutal grooves of mesotergum slightly curved, not “V”-shaped. Areas III–IV of mesotergum bearing medial pair of minute tubercles. Opisthosomal tergite VI with belt of small setose tubercles, tergite VII with median tubercle prominently enlarged, and tergite VIII with three large median tubercles. Dorsum mottled, with pigmentation concentrated on margins and midline of mesotergal areas (Fig. 19).</p><p>Ventral prosomal complex with coxae II and III meeting in midline, coxae I and IV not so (Fig. 20 a). Anterior and posterior margins of coxae III with tubercular bridges to adjacent coxae, and coxae I–III with low setose tubercles. Coxae IV greatly enlarged. Genital operculum sub-triangular. Spiracles not concealed, anterior to row of tubercles. Opisthosomal sternites armed with belts of flattened tubercles. Anal plate armed with one prominent median tubercle, flanked by four smaller tubercles, in turn adjacent to even smaller and very low tubercles. Venter mottled, with pigmentation concentrated around spiracles, sternites 7–8, and margins of anal plate. (Fig. 19).</p><p>Chelicerae (Fig. 21 a) sexually monomorphic, with prominent bulla on proximal article. Proximal article with denticulate granulation basally and ventrally. Second article not incrassate, free of ornamentation, with dorsal margin bearing several setae. Distal article with delicate dentition, free of ornamentation. Palpi (Fig. 21 b) robust and spined ventrally and/or ventrolaterally, typical of zalmoxids. Palpal tarsus with two pairs of megaspines.</p><p>Legs (I–IV) finely granulated (Fig. 21 c–g). Femora of legs I–IV with ventral row of fine tubercles. Male leg IV greatly elongated but neither armored nor incrassate (Fig. 21 f). Coxae of all legs with few tubercles on mesal surface. Metatarsi I–IV divided distally, with calcaneus less ornamented but generally more setose. Tarsal claws I– IV smooth, unmodified. Tarsal segmentation 3: 6: 5: 6 (Fig. 21 c–f).</p><p>Appendage measurements of holotype (length/width):</p><table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><th>Tr</th><th>Fe</th><th>Pa</th><th>Ti</th><th>Mt</th><th>Ta</th><th>Total</th></tr><tr><th>Leg I</th><td>0.21/0.18</td><td>1.02/0.16</td><td>0.44/0.18</td><td>0.78/0.14</td><td>1.40/0.07</td><td>0.67/0.10</td><td>4.52</td></tr><tr><th>Leg II</th><td>0.29/0.25</td><td>1.85/0.16</td><td>0.69/0.21</td><td>1.76/0.15</td><td>1.13/0.06</td><td>1.29/0.10</td><td>7.01</td></tr><tr><th>Leg III</th><td>0.25/0.27</td><td>1.40/0.15</td><td>0.53/0.27</td><td>1.19/0.16</td><td>1.88/0.10</td><td>0.80/0.09</td><td>6.05</td></tr><tr><th>Leg IV</th><td>0.25/0.33</td><td>4.70/0.15</td><td>1.74/0.28</td><td>5.30/0.14</td><td>4.80/0.13</td><td>1.05/0.10</td><td>17.84</td></tr><tr><th>Palp</th><td>0.18/0.18</td><td>0.50/0.17</td><td>0.27/0.15</td><td>0.37/0.19</td><td>—</td><td>0.38/0.13</td><td>1.70</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>Proximal</td><td>Second</td><td>Distal</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><th>Chelicera</th><td>0.51/0.13</td><td>0.68/0.22</td><td>0.20/0.07</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr></table><p>Appendage measurements of female paratype (MCZ 124574) (length/width):</p><table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><th>Tr</th><th>Fe</th><th>Pa</th><th>Ti</th><th>Mt</th><th>Ta</th><th>Total</th></tr><tr><th>Leg I</th><td>0.20/0.17</td><td>0.74/0.14</td><td>0.35/0.16</td><td>0.53/0.15</td><td>0.85/0.06</td><td>0.56/0.08</td><td>3.23</td></tr><tr><th>Leg II</th><td>0.24/0.23</td><td>1.17/0.15</td><td>0.53/0.19</td><td>0.96/0.16</td><td>1.22/0.07</td><td>1.12/0.10</td><td>5.24</td></tr><tr><th>Leg III</th><td>0.25/0.24</td><td>0.87/0.15</td><td>0.41/0.24</td><td>0.67/0.17</td><td>1.10/0.10</td><td>0.63/0.09</td><td>3.93</td></tr><tr><th>Leg IV</th><td>0.26/0.24</td><td>1.32/0.16</td><td>0.51/0.25</td><td>1.14/0.18</td><td>1.57/0.10</td><td>0.76/0.10</td><td>5.56</td></tr><tr><th>Palp</th><td>0.16/0.17</td><td>0.48/0.16</td><td>0.25/0.15</td><td>0.35/0.19</td><td>—</td><td>0.35/0.14</td><td>1.59</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>Proximal</td><td>Second</td><td>Distal</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><th>Chelicera</th><td>0.54/0.25</td><td>0.67/0.22</td><td>0.25/0.05</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr></table><p>Penis (Fig. 22) with two pairs of setae on rutrum and four pairs setae on pergula (one median pair, two ventrolateral pairs with bases in close proximity, and one lateral pair). One pair of setae displaced from midline and posterior to pergula. Rutrum arrowhead-like with lateral extensions. Pergula projecting ventrally, typical of zalmoxids.</p><p>Variation. Manifested in the size of the body and the fourth walking legs of males. Male body length 2.00– 2.48 (n=20); male leg IV length 9.20–18.30 mm (n = 20).</p><p>Distribution. Known from multiple sites in the northern part of the Wet Tropics Range of Queensland, Australia. The range likely extends from Daintree National Park in the north to Russell River National Park in the south.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/441A878453737834FF68FEA8F38E2693	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sharma, Prashant P.	Sharma, Prashant P. (2012): New Australasian Zalmoxidae (Opiliones: Laniatores) and a new case of male polymorphism in Opiliones. Zootaxa 3236: 1-35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3236.1.1
