identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4B3187E4FFCAFF8B8FE444DAFBC46F13.text	4B3187E4FFCAFF8B8FE444DAFBC46F13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Culicoides Latreille 1809	<div><p>Genus Culicoides Latreille, 1809: 251 .</p><p>Type species: Culicoides punctatus Latreille (= Ceratopogon punctatus Meigen), by monotypy.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B3187E4FFCAFF8B8FE444DAFBC46F13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nandi, Mou;Mazumdar, Abhijit	Nandi, Mou, Mazumdar, Abhijit (2014): Revision of the subgenus Diphaomyia Vargas of Culicoides Latreille from India with description of a new species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 3793 (4): 465-474, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3793.4.5
4B3187E4FFCAFF888FE44003FC836E88.text	4B3187E4FFCAFF888FE44003FC836E88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Culicoides clavipalpis	<div><p>Clavipalpis Group</p><p>Female. Eyes contiguous to narrowly separated, bare or hairy. Antenna with SCo restricted to proximal flagellomeres and absent in 9–13. Hind tibial comb with 4 spines. Wing with pale spot over r-m cross vein often centred distal to the cross vein, a small round pale spot usually at extreme apex of cell r3, variable in shape, usually diagnostic for species without any pale spot between it and distal poststigmatic spots, cell m2 always with pale spot lying in front of Cu fork straddling on veins M1 and M2 often vary in species, distal pale spots in cells m1 and m2 not reaching the wing margin (except for notatus), anal cell with pale basal and a distal, transverse, somewhat double or medially constricted pale spot; macrotrichia sparse almost all over the wing and mostly arranged in lines on distal part of the wing.</p><p>Male. Aedeagus often with sclerotized lateral process, aedeagal stem parallel-sided and channel-like (tapered and sharp-pointed in similis) distally, parameres each with rounded basal knob, stem slender with more or less developed ventral lobe and fan-like distal expansion of parameres with lateral spines.</p><p>Species included. C. causeyi Majumdar &amp; Das Gupta C. clavipalpis Mukerji, C. distinctus Sen &amp; Das Gupta, C. huffi Causey, C. mukerjii Majumdar &amp; Das Gupta, C. similis Carter, Ingram &amp; Macfie, C. soleamaculatus sp. n.</p><p>Culicoides causeyi Majumdar &amp; Das Gupta (PLATE 1A1–A3)</p><p>Culicoides causeyi Majumdar &amp; Das Gupta, In Gangopadhyay &amp; Das Gupta, 1998: 127 .</p><p>Materials examined. 2♀, 1♂, West Bengal, Kalyani, 22.9750° N, 88.4344°E, 23 April 2006, Coll. U. Majumdar.</p><p>Diagnosis (Modified after Gangopadhyay &amp; Das Gupta, 1998). This species may be diagnosed by the following combination of characters: Females with bare, almost touching eyes, SCo on flagellomeres 1,3,5–8; maxillary palpus with shallow and large sensory pit; wing from the pale spot just below of it, touching the vein M1, pale spot distal to anal cell medially constricted. Males without lateral processes on aedeagus and notched at tip, fan-like expansion of parameres bearing 6 lateral spines.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B3187E4FFCAFF888FE44003FC836E88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nandi, Mou;Mazumdar, Abhijit	Nandi, Mou, Mazumdar, Abhijit (2014): Revision of the subgenus Diphaomyia Vargas of Culicoides Latreille from India with description of a new species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 3793 (4): 465-474, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3793.4.5
4B3187E4FFC9FF888FE444F3FDA5689F.text	4B3187E4FFC9FF888FE444F3FDA5689F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Culicoides clavipalpis Mukerji	<div><p>Culicoides clavipalpis Mukerji</p><p>(PLATE 1B1–B3)</p><p>Culicoides clavipalpis Mukerji, 1931: 1052; Causey, 1938: 405; Sen &amp; Das Gupta, 1959: 620; Delfinado, 1961: 641; Lee, 1978: 40; Howarth, 1985: 81; Wirth &amp; Hubert, 1989: 368; Yu et al., 2005: 917; Dyce et al., 2007: 34.</p><p>Materials examined. 1♀, West Bengal, Dum Dum, 22.6200 N, 88.4200 E, 24 August 1967, Coll. S.K. Das Gupta; 4♂, 12♀, West Bengal, Habra, 22.8300 N, 88.6300 E, 2 May 1998, Coll. P.K. Chaudhuri.</p><p>Diagnosis (Modified after Wirth &amp; Hubert, 1989). This species may be distinguished by the following combination of characters like, bare, contiguous eyes; SCo on flagellomeres 1,6–8; trilobed proximal poststigmatic spot on wing, cell m1 with two distinct pale spots, very narrow distal pale spot on cell cua1. Males with aedeagus having two lateral arms and channel like distal stalk, short apicolateral processes, parameres with fan-like expansion bearing 4–5 lateral spines.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B3187E4FFC9FF888FE444F3FDA5689F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nandi, Mou;Mazumdar, Abhijit	Nandi, Mou, Mazumdar, Abhijit (2014): Revision of the subgenus Diphaomyia Vargas of Culicoides Latreille from India with description of a new species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 3793 (4): 465-474, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3793.4.5
4B3187E4FFC9FF888FE4431EFDEB6A94.text	4B3187E4FFC9FF888FE4431EFDEB6A94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Culicoides distinctus Sen & Das Gupta	<div><p>Culicoides distinctus Sen &amp; Das Gupta</p><p>(PLATE 1C1–C3)</p><p>Culicoides distinctus Sen &amp; Das Gupta, 1959: 618; Wirth &amp; Hubert, 1989: 370.</p><p>Materials examined. Paratypes 1♂, 1♀, Dum Dum, August 1957, Coll. S.K. Das Gupta; 1♀, Dum Dum, 11 July 2000, Coll. U. Majumdar.</p><p>Diagnosis (Modified after Wirth &amp; Hubert, 1989). This species may be diagnosed by the following combination of characters like, SCo present on flagellomeres 1,5–8; proximal poststigmatic pale spot bilobed, posterior lobe almost straight towards vein M1, cell m1 with a single distal pale spot. Males with aedeagus having lateral processes, tergum IX with moderately long apicolateral process, parameres with low ventral lobes and distal fan-like expansion bearing 5 lateral spines.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B3187E4FFC9FF888FE4431EFDEB6A94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nandi, Mou;Mazumdar, Abhijit	Nandi, Mou, Mazumdar, Abhijit (2014): Revision of the subgenus Diphaomyia Vargas of Culicoides Latreille from India with description of a new species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 3793 (4): 465-474, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3793.4.5
4B3187E4FFC9FF898FE44107FA8E6D62.text	4B3187E4FFC9FF898FE44107FA8E6D62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Culicoides huffi Causey	<div><p>Culicoides huffi Causey</p><p>(PLATE 1D1–D3)</p><p>Culicoides huffi Causey, 1938: 406; Delfinado, 1961: 644; Lee, 1978: 54; Howarth, 1985: 82; Wirth &amp; Hubert, 1989: 372; Gangopadhyay &amp; Das Gupta, 1998: 129.</p><p>Materials examined. 2♀, 2♂, Habra, 28 August 1999, Coll. P.K. Chaudhuri.</p><p>Diagnosis (Modified after Wirth &amp; Hubert, 1989). This species can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters like, bare, narrowly separated eyes; SCo on flagellomeres 1,3,5–8, proximal poststigmatic pale spot separated from the pale spot crossing the vein M1, anal cell with medially constricted distal pale spot, posterior lobe being large and broadly touching the margin. Males with aedeagus without any lateral process, parameres with low ventral lobes and fan-like expansion of parameres bearing 9 lateral spines.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B3187E4FFC9FF898FE44107FA8E6D62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nandi, Mou;Mazumdar, Abhijit	Nandi, Mou, Mazumdar, Abhijit (2014): Revision of the subgenus Diphaomyia Vargas of Culicoides Latreille from India with description of a new species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 3793 (4): 465-474, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3793.4.5
4B3187E4FFC8FF898FE44799FCD36F16.text	4B3187E4FFC8FF898FE44799FCD36F16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Culicoides mukerjii Majumdar & Das Gupta	<div><p>Culicoides mukerjii Majumdar &amp; Das Gupta</p><p>(PLATE 1E1–E3)</p><p>Culicoides mukerjii Majumdar &amp; Das Gupta, In Gangopadhyay &amp; Das Gupta 1998: 125 .</p><p>Materials examined. Paratype ♀, Habra, 22 May 1967, Coll. B.C. Majumdar; 2♂, 3♀, Kalyani, 14 April 2004, Coll. S. Nandi; 1♂, 2♀, West Bengal, Burdwan, 23.2383 N, 87.8608 E, 21 April 2005, Coll. S. Nandi.</p><p>Diagnosis (Modified after Gangopadhyay &amp; Das Gupta, 1998). The species described by Majumdar &amp; Das Gupta in Diphaomyia may be recognized by moderately separated, bare eyes, SCo on flagellomeres 1,5–8, proximal poststigmatic pale spot constricted, posterior lobe slightly directed in front, prominent constriction of distal anal pale spot; rudimentary spermatheca swollen distally. Male with aedeagus possessing lateral processes and fan-like expansion of parameres bearing 6 lateral spines.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B3187E4FFC8FF898FE44799FCD36F16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nandi, Mou;Mazumdar, Abhijit	Nandi, Mou, Mazumdar, Abhijit (2014): Revision of the subgenus Diphaomyia Vargas of Culicoides Latreille from India with description of a new species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 3793 (4): 465-474, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3793.4.5
4B3187E4FFC8FF898FE44585FC576950.text	4B3187E4FFC8FF898FE44585FC576950.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Culicoides similis Carter, Ingram & Macfie	<div><p>Culicoides similis Carter, Ingram &amp; Macfie</p><p>(PLATE 1F1–F3)</p><p>Culicoides similis Carter, Ingram &amp; Macfie, 1920: 255; Smith &amp; Swaminath, 1932: 183; Causey, 1938: 404; Sen &amp; Das Gupta, 1959: 618; Khamala &amp; Kettle, 1971: 78; Howarth, 1985: 85; Wirth &amp; Hubert, 1989: 382.</p><p>Materials examined. 10♀, 8♂, West Bengal, Ashokenagar, 13.0351 N, 80.2095 E, August, 1968, (Coll. S.K. Das Gupta); 5♀, 2♂, Jharkhand, Maithon, 23.7800 N, 86.8100 E, 12.vii.1987, Coll. N. Saha; 5♀, 5♂, Burdwan, 8 July 2005, Coll. B. Pan.</p><p>Diagnosis (Modified after Wirth &amp; Hubert, 1989). This species may be recognized by: bare, narrowly separated eyes, SCo on flagellomeres 1,3,5–8; proximal poststigmatic pale spot is faintly continuous with that of the pale spot on r-m and separated from the pale spot on vein M1, cell m2 with two pale spots, pale spot on cell cua1 broader than in other species, distal pale spot on anal cell broader anteriorly and constricted posteriorly. Male aedeagus without lateral processes and with slender, sharp-pointed stalk.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B3187E4FFC8FF898FE44585FC576950	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nandi, Mou;Mazumdar, Abhijit	Nandi, Mou, Mazumdar, Abhijit (2014): Revision of the subgenus Diphaomyia Vargas of Culicoides Latreille from India with description of a new species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 3793 (4): 465-474, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3793.4.5
4B3187E4FFC8FF8C8FE443CBFDB86FAD.text	4B3187E4FFC8FF8C8FE443CBFDB86FAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Culicoides soleamaculatus	<div><p>Culicoides soleamaculatus sp. n.</p><p>(FIGS.1A–K, PLATE 1G1–G3)</p><p>Type materials. Holotype ♀, Habra, 22 June 1967, Coll. S.K. Das Gupta. Paratypes ♂, data same as holotype; 2♀, 3♂, Habra, 7 April 1967, Coll. B.C. Majumdar; 5♀, 4♂, West Bengal, Bankura, 23.2500 N, 87.0667 E, 11 May 1989, Coll. P.K. Chaudhuri; 2♀, 2♂, West Bengal, Chinsura, 22.9000°N, 88.3900°E, 2 June 2003, Coll. U. Majumdar; 4♀, 6♂, West Bengal, Diamond Harbour, 22.2000°N, 88.2000°E, 19 July 1975, Coll. S.K. Das Gupta; 1♀, West Bengal, Purulia, 23.3333°N, 86.3667°E, 11June 2003, Coll. S. Nandi; 1♀, 2♂, West Bengal, Raniganj, 23.3333°N, 86.3667°E, 23 June 2001, Coll. U. Majumdar; 4♀, 2♂, Jharkhand, Dehri-on-Sone, 24.8700°N, 84.1800°E, 22 June 2002, Coll. N. Saha.</p><p>Etymology. The name “ soleamaculatus ” derives from the horse shoe shaped pale spot in cell r3 of the wing.</p><p>Diagnosis. The new species may be identified by the following combination of characters like, very narrowly separated eyes; fore and mid femur with sub-apical pale bands in addition to sub-basal pale tibial bands, hind tibial comb with 4 spines in female and 5 spines in males; wing cell r3 with distal horse-shoe shaped pale spot, proximal poststigmatic pale spot transversely meeting the wing anteriorly and vein M1 posteriorly. Male aedeagus with long, slender apical process and a pair of posteriorly directed lateral arms, parameres with sinuate stem ending in a terminal filament of 8 sub-apical spines.</p><p>Description. Adult female. Head. Frontovertex dark gray with about 15 SCh. Eyes bare and very narrowly separated or just touching at a point. Antenna (FIG.1A) brown, flagellar segments with pale base, SCo present on flagellomeres 1–8; length ratio of flagellomeres 1-13: 7.8-5.3-5.5-5.8-5.9-5.9-5.9-6-9.7-10-10-10.8-17.8, total length 0.31 (0.30–0.31, n=12). Maxillary palpus (FIG.1B) dark brown, third segment very large, strongly swollen distad with a sub apical sensory pit bearing 24–25 capitate sensilla; length ratio of palp segments I–V: 4-6.8-14.6- 3.5-5.1. Mandible (FIG.1C) with 9 teeth (7–10, n=10), maxillary blade with 9 teeth.</p><p>PLATE 1. Photographs of wings, eye separation and spermathecae: A1–A3. C. causeyi; B1–B3. C. clavipalpis; C1–C3. C. distinctus; D1–D3. C. huffi; E1–E3. C. mukerjii; F1–F 3. C. similis; G1–G3. C. soleamaculatus sp. n.</p><p>Thorax. (FIG.1D). Scutum dark brown with irregular median and lateral pale areas, scutellum with 4 large and 2 small bristles. Legs. (FIG.1E). Fore and mid femora pale basally, darkened apically with a sub apical pale band; hind femora pale basally and darkening apically but lacking a pale band, bases of all tibiae dark brown with a sub basal pale band and becoming pale apically; hind tibial comb (FIG.1F) with 4 unequal spines, first one from spur longest, spur tip frayed. Wing. (FIG.1G). Brown with contrasting wing pattern, cell r3 with distal pale spot horse shoe shaped and poststigmatic pale spot transverse, meeting the wing margin anteriorly and vein M1 posteriorly, veins M1 and M2 bordered by faint pale marking; macrotrichia rather sparse; radial cells sub equal. Halter pale.</p><p>Abdomen. Spermathecae (FIG.1H) well sclerotized, ovoid, slightly unequal, with long necks, rudimentary third spermatheca and sclerotized ring present.</p><p>Adult male. Similar to the female in wing (FIG. 1I) and usual sexual differences. Tergum IX more or less quadrate with a pair of short, slender apicolateral processes and without median notch; sternum IX with a broad, shallow caudomedian excavation, ventral membrane bare; gonocoxite stout with distinct internal roots, sharp, elongated and hooked ventral root sharp with well developed short curved and blunt anterior lobe, dorsal root long, stout slightly curved towards tip; gonostylus progressively narrowed from base to inwardly bent apex; aedeagus (FIG.1J) with slender, divergent arms, basal arch broad, rounded extending about half of aedeagal length, long apical process with a pair of lateral, posteriorly directed processes; parameres (FIG.1K) separated, each with thimble like basal cap and sinuate stem possessing a well developed ventral lobe, slender and curved distal part terminated with filament bearing 8 sub apical fringing spines.</p><p>Remarks. This species is much closer to C. similis in similar proximal poststigmatic pale spot but differ in the shape of distal most pale spot on cell r3, in distribution of SCo, absence of sub apical pale band on fore femur and greater number of mandibular teeth.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B3187E4FFC8FF8C8FE443CBFDB86FAD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nandi, Mou;Mazumdar, Abhijit	Nandi, Mou, Mazumdar, Abhijit (2014): Revision of the subgenus Diphaomyia Vargas of Culicoides Latreille from India with description of a new species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 3793 (4): 465-474, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3793.4.5
