identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4A040B08E074FFB5FEA1FCCFAF5B059B.text	4A040B08E074FFB5FEA1FCCFAF5B059B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diodora gibberula IL	<div><p>Diodora gibberula IL to CL H (PA), P, C</p> <p>Diodora graeca 17, 18, 31, 33, 34 Rh = Rhodolith beds Order Neogastropoda</p> <p>Family Conidae Literature list</p> <p>1) Mortensen, 1943</p> <p>Conus ermineus L to SL, H, S</p> <p>Conus ventricosus IL to CL, H (beneath boulders, PA), S</p> <p>19, 28 2) Pérès and Picard, 1964</p> <p>5, 11, 31, 33, 34 3) Lipkin and Safriel, 1971 Family Columbellidae 4) Conti and Rossini, 1985</p> <p>Columbella rustica IL, H (beneath boulders, 2, 5, 6, 17, 27, 29, 31, 33, 34 5) Taylor, 1987 PA), P</p> <p>Family Muricidae 6) Russo et al., 1991</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A040B08E074FFB5FEA1FCCFAF5B059B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mancosu, Andrea;Nebelsick, James H.	Mancosu, Andrea, Nebelsick, James H. (2020): Tracking biases in the regular echinoid fossil record: The case of Paracentrotus lividus in recent and fossil shallow-water, high-energy environments. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 42) 23 (2): 1-35, DOI: 10.26879/1090, URL: https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2020/3132-taphonomy-regular-echinoids
4A040B08E074FFB5FEA1FAABAF570435.text	4A040B08E074FFB5FEA1FAABAF570435.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gemophos viverratus IL, H, S	<div><p>Gemophos viverratus IL, H, S</p> <p>12, 28, 30 9) Rubio and Rolan, 2002 Family Nassariidae 10) Russo et al., 2002</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A040B08E074FFB5FEA1FAABAF570435	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mancosu, Andrea;Nebelsick, James H.	Mancosu, Andrea, Nebelsick, James H. (2020): Tracking biases in the regular echinoid fossil record: The case of Paracentrotus lividus in recent and fossil shallow-water, high-energy environments. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 42) 23 (2): 1-35, DOI: 10.26879/1090, URL: https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2020/3132-taphonomy-regular-echinoids
4A040B08E074FFB5FEA1FB7DAF6F0466.text	4A040B08E074FFB5FEA1FB7DAF6F0466.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hexaplex trunculus IN, IL	<div><p>Hexaplex trunculus IN, IL to CL, H (PA), S</p> <p>5, 16, 17, 33, 34 7) Hall-Spencer, 1998 Family Pisaniidae 8) Peharda et al., 2002</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A040B08E074FFB5FEA1FB7DAF6F0466	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mancosu, Andrea;Nebelsick, James H.	Mancosu, Andrea, Nebelsick, James H. (2020): Tracking biases in the regular echinoid fossil record: The case of Paracentrotus lividus in recent and fossil shallow-water, high-energy environments. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 42) 23 (2): 1-35, DOI: 10.26879/1090, URL: https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2020/3132-taphonomy-regular-echinoids
4A040B08E074FFB5FEA1F9D8A8A307DD.text	4A040B08E074FFB5FEA1F9D8A8A307DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Jujubinus exasperatus IL	<div><p>Jujubinus exasperatus IL to CL, H (PA), P, C</p> <p>Clanculus jussieui IL to CL, P, C</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A040B08E074FFB5FEA1F9D8A8A307DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mancosu, Andrea;Nebelsick, James H.	Mancosu, Andrea, Nebelsick, James H. (2020): Tracking biases in the regular echinoid fossil record: The case of Paracentrotus lividus in recent and fossil shallow-water, high-energy environments. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 42) 23 (2): 1-35, DOI: 10.26879/1090, URL: https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2020/3132-taphonomy-regular-echinoids
4A040B08E074FFB5FEA1FD7BAF5C020A.text	4A040B08E074FFB5FEA1FD7BAF5C020A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Patella rustica ML, IL, H (PA	<div><p>Patella rustica ML, IL, H (PA)</p> <p>31, 33, 34 PA = Photophilic algae</p> <p>2, 31, 33, 34 C = Coralligenous Order Lepetellida</p> <p>Family Fissurellidae</p> <p>SABEL = Sabellaria alveolata reef</p> <p>SA = Sciaphilic algae</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A040B08E074FFB5FEA1FD7BAF5C020A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mancosu, Andrea;Nebelsick, James H.	Mancosu, Andrea, Nebelsick, James H. (2020): Tracking biases in the regular echinoid fossil record: The case of Paracentrotus lividus in recent and fossil shallow-water, high-energy environments. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 42) 23 (2): 1-35, DOI: 10.26879/1090, URL: https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2020/3132-taphonomy-regular-echinoids
4A040B08E074FFB5FEA1FA16AF200777.text	4A040B08E074FFB5FEA1FA16AF200777.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tritia incrassata IL, H (PA, SABEL	<div><p>Tritia incrassata IL, H (PA, SABEL), S, P</p> <p>6, 11, 27, 29, 40 11) Antoniadou et al., 2005</p> <p>Order Trochida</p> <p>Family Turbinidae</p> <p>12) Rolán, 2005</p> <p>13) Sivan et al., 2006</p> <p>Bolma rugosa IL to CL, H (PA, SA), P, C 11, 17, 18, 25, 31, 33, 34, 40 14) Spadini, 2006</p> <p>Family Trochidae 15) Trigui El-Menif et al., 2007</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A040B08E074FFB5FEA1FA16AF200777	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mancosu, Andrea;Nebelsick, James H.	Mancosu, Andrea, Nebelsick, James H. (2020): Tracking biases in the regular echinoid fossil record: The case of Paracentrotus lividus in recent and fossil shallow-water, high-energy environments. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 42) 23 (2): 1-35, DOI: 10.26879/1090, URL: https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2020/3132-taphonomy-regular-echinoids
4A040B08E074FFB4FEA1F93EA8B204B3.text	4A040B08E074FFB4FEA1F93EA8B204B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clanculus corallinus IL	<div><p>Clanculus corallinus IL to CL, H (PA), P, C</p> <p>Phorcus turbinatus ML, IL, H (PA)</p> <p>4, 6, 11, 17, 18, 22, 25, 27, 16) Vasconcelos et al., 2007 31, 33, 34, 38, 40</p> <p>9, 14 17) Beqiraj et al., 2008</p> <p>4, 11, 17, 18, 31, 33, 34 18) Casellato and Stefanon, 2008</p> <p>2, 31, 33, 34 19) Rosenberg et al., 2009</p> <p>Habitat-Substrate- Taxon Biocoenosis References Abbreviations</p> <p>Order Caenogastropoda ?</p> <p>Family Cerithiidae</p> <p>Cerithium lividulum IL, H (PA), S</p> <p>Cerithium vulgatum IL to CL, H, S, P</p> <p>Bittium latreillii IL to CL, H (PA, Rh), P, C</p> <p>Family Epitoniidae</p> <p>Epitonium clathrus IL to CL, H (PA), S</p> <p>Family Triphoridae</p> <p>Triphoridae ind.</p> <p>Order Littorinimorpha</p> <p>Family Triviidae</p> <p>Trivia arctica IL to CL</p> <p>Family Littorinidae</p> <p>Melarhaphe neritoides SupraL to IL, H (PA)</p> <p>Class Bivalvia</p> <p>Order Arcida</p> <p>Family Arcidae</p> <p>Arca noae IL to CL, H (PA, SABEL, SA), P</p> <p>Family Glycymerididae</p> <p>Glycymeris nummaria IL to CL, S</p> <p>Family Noetiidae</p> <p>Striarca lactea IL, H, P, C</p> <p>Order Cardiida</p> <p>Family Cardiidae</p> <p>Acanthocardia tuberculata IL to CL, S (SFBC), P</p> <p>Order Carditida</p> <p>Family Carditidae</p> <p>Cardita calyculata ML, IL, H (PA), S, P</p> <p>Order Venerida</p> <p>Family Veneridae</p> <p>Irus irus ML, IL to CL, H (PA, SABEL), C, S, P</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A040B08E074FFB4FEA1F93EA8B204B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mancosu, Andrea;Nebelsick, James H.	Mancosu, Andrea, Nebelsick, James H. (2020): Tracking biases in the regular echinoid fossil record: The case of Paracentrotus lividus in recent and fossil shallow-water, high-energy environments. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 42) 23 (2): 1-35, DOI: 10.26879/1090, URL: https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2020/3132-taphonomy-regular-echinoids
4A040B08E075FFB4FEA1F9BBA8A007F3.text	4A040B08E075FFB4FEA1F9BBA8A007F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clausinella fasciata IL, S	<div><p>Clausinella fasciata IL, S</p> <p>Order Lucinida</p> <p>Family Lucinidae</p> <p>Lucinella divaricata IL to CL, S, P</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A040B08E075FFB4FEA1F9BBA8A007F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mancosu, Andrea;Nebelsick, James H.	Mancosu, Andrea, Nebelsick, James H. (2020): Tracking biases in the regular echinoid fossil record: The case of Paracentrotus lividus in recent and fossil shallow-water, high-energy environments. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 42) 23 (2): 1-35, DOI: 10.26879/1090, URL: https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2020/3132-taphonomy-regular-echinoids
4A040B08E075FFB6FEA1F954AF790714.text	4A040B08E075FFB6FEA1F954AF790714.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ctena decussata IL, P, S	<div><p>Ctena decussata IL, P, S</p> <p>Order Ostreida</p> <p>Family Ostreidae</p> <p>Ostrea sp. 20) Sciberras et al., 2009</p> <p>21) Rufino et al., 2010</p> <p>31, 34 22) Albano and Sabelli, 2011</p> <p>2, 11, 17, 25, 31, 33, 34 23) Gutierrez-Mas, 2011 6, 10, 11, 20, 25, 38 24) Öztürk, 2011</p> <p>25) Albano and Sabelli, 2012 31, 34 26) Župan et al., 2012</p> <p>27) Belgacem et al., 2013</p> <p>28) Sessa et al., 2013</p> <p>29) Urra et al., 2013</p> <p>30) Brunetti and Della Bella, 2014 31, 33 31) Öztürk et al., 2014</p> <p>32) Pitacco et al., 2014</p> <p>2, 3, 5, 31, 33, 34 33) Alf and Haszprunar, 2015</p> <p>34) Poursanidis et al., 2016</p> <p>35) Chimienti et al., 2017</p> <p>36) Kersting et al., 2017</p> <p>8, 17, 18, 26, 27, 31, 33, 34, 37) Morton and Puljas, 2017 40</p> <p>38) Donnarumma et al., 2018</p> <p>2, 13, 23 39) Giacobbe and Renda, 2018</p> <p>40) Casoli et al., 2019</p> <p>15, 22, 25</p> <p>2, 8, 11, 17, 31, 33, 34</p> <p>2, 27, 29, 31, 33, 34</p> <p>2, 11, 27, 31, 33, 40</p> <p>29</p> <p>7, 21, 33</p> <p>11, 21, 35, 38</p> <p>35, 38, 39</p> <p>are dominated by the presence of encrusting thalli and low protuberances.</p> <p>Recent Paracentrotus lividus Remains</p> <p>In Sa Mesa Longa Beach (Figure 6A) remains of Paracentrotus occur abundantly on and within the sediments, around rocky bottoms on which living specimens commonly occur (Figure 6 B-H). Other echinoids are represented by very rare remains of the regular echinoid Arbacia lixula (Figure 6I) along with highly abundant tests of the minute clypeasteroid echinoid Echinocyamus pusillus (Figure 6J).</p> <p>The remains of Paracentrotus from Sa Mesa Longa Beach occur in a broad spectrum of preservation (Table 2 -Part 2 and 3; Figure 6 B-H) similar to that of the studied fossil counterparts. They mainly consist of isolated coronal elements, most of which belonging to ambulacral and interambulacral plates (see Table 2 -Part 2 and 3). Fragments consisting of several plates still sutured together are also frequent. Genital and ocular plates of the apical system were also collected, but are relatively rare. Additionally, complete specimens lack spines, the apical system and the Aristotle’s lantern. Fragmented remains representing large parts of the test are present, though rare. Intraplate fragmentation along with surface abrasion occur very commonly (see Table 2 -Part 2 and 3). Both complete denuded specimens and test fragments show encrustation by polychaete serpulids, including the genus Spirorbis and coralline algae (Figure 6 B-E).</p> <p>Numerous disarticulated elements of the Aristotleʼs lantern were recovered and include mostly hemipyramids and subordinately rotulae and teeth. Epiphyses and compasses also occur sporadically. Lantern elements are commonly affected by fragmentation and abrasion while encrustation is low and restricted to hemipyramids and teeth. Spines also abundantly occur. Their state of preservation is also similar to those in the fossil deposits ranging from pristine and complete, which were rarely found, to fragmentary and abraded. Some specimens show regenerated tips. Spine remains also show encrustation by coralline algae.</p> <p>The very rarely encountered remains of Arbacia lixula consist exclusively of test fragments and isolated plates. The preservation of clypeasteroid Echinocyamus pusillus ranges from complete pristine specimens to fragmented and abraded ones.</p> <p>Morphology, Test Thickness and Plate Sutures of Paracentrotus lividus</p> <p>The test of Paracentrotus is moderately thick with thickness decreasing slightly from near the apex to the ambitus. The ambulacral plates are usually thicker than adjoining interambulacral plates at the ambitus. Both ambulacral and interambulacral plates are thicker at their margins. The extent of plate thickening is greater along the radial sutures, particularly along the perradial sutures between ambulacral plates, which form a radial ridge when viewed from inside the test. The peristomial margin is thick with the perignathic girdle forming a reinforcing palisade just inside the peristomial edge. Plates are interconnected along sutures by collagenous fibers, crossing plate boundaries. Galleried stereom (sensu Smith, 1980) occurs at the sutures between interambulacral plates (Figure 7). This stereom, which possesses long parallel galleries running in one direction only and shows no pore alignment perpendicular to this direction, is functionally associated with long bundles of collagen fibers at the sutures (Smith, 1980).</p> <p>In Paracentrotus, parallel galleries can be observed along interradial and adradial sutures between interambulacral plates (aboral to oral direction) (Figure 7 A-B) whereas no pore alignment can be observed along latitudinal sutures in interambulacral plates (Figure 7C). In ambulacral plates, galleried stereom can be observed along the adoral sutures joining ambulacral and interambulacral plates, along the adradial sutures, as well as along the perradial suture joining ambulacral plates together (Figure 7D). Additionally, knob-like trabecular protrusions interlock with cavities formed by the opposing plate’s stereom thus interlocking the adjacent plates (Figure 7C). This occurs for both radial (longitudinal) sutures (adradial, interradial and perradial) and circumferential (latitudinal) sutures (adapical and adoral).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A040B08E075FFB6FEA1F954AF790714	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mancosu, Andrea;Nebelsick, James H.	Mancosu, Andrea, Nebelsick, James H. (2020): Tracking biases in the regular echinoid fossil record: The case of Paracentrotus lividus in recent and fossil shallow-water, high-energy environments. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 42) 23 (2): 1-35, DOI: 10.26879/1090, URL: https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2020/3132-taphonomy-regular-echinoids
