taxonID	type	description	language	source
68FCCE8B11D95BC096A31D19D82D57DD.taxon	description	Figs 3, 4, 5, 6, Table 1	en	Kováč, Ľubomír, Karaman, Marko, Mehrafrooz Mayvan, Mahmood (2025): Convergent evolution underground - two new troglomorphic collembolan species of the genus Schaefferia Absolon, 1900 (Collembola, Poduromorpha, Hypogastruridae) from Iran and Montenegro. Subterranean Biology 54: 1-22, DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.54.157228
68FCCE8B11D95BC096A31D19D82D57DD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Eyes absent, PAO large with 7 subequal lobes formed around central circle. Ant IV with 7 – 8 sensilla and simple apical vesicle. Claw enlarged, with an internal tooth and pair of lateral teeth. Retinaculum with 3 – 4 teeth, furca well-developed, with 5 dental setae.	en	Kováč, Ľubomír, Karaman, Marko, Mehrafrooz Mayvan, Mahmood (2025): Convergent evolution underground - two new troglomorphic collembolan species of the genus Schaefferia Absolon, 1900 (Collembola, Poduromorpha, Hypogastruridae) from Iran and Montenegro. Subterranean Biology 54: 1-22, DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.54.157228
68FCCE8B11D95BC096A31D19D82D57DD.taxon	description	Description. Body appearance. Length 1.9 mm on average (n = 3, max. length 2 mm). Habitus typical of Ceratophysella Börner in Brohmer, 1932 without eyes. Colour alive white without traces of pigment. Cuticular granulation rather uniform, slightly coarser on Abd V – VI, macro- and mesosetae differentiated. Antenna. It is nearly as long as head, with apical bulb (Fig. 3 A – D). Length of Ant I, II, III, IV in holotype as 0.07, 0.06, 0.07, 0.1 mm, respectively. Ant I with 7 setae; Ant II with 6 dorsal and 6 ventral setae in a single row and 1 short smooth seta near its base (dorsal setae clearly coarser and thicker); Ant III and IV clearly separated, Ant III sensory organ with 2 central short and curved rods flanked by 2 long guard sensilla (Fig. 3 B), a small ventrolateral microsensillum in a ventral pit, and 7 dorsal and 8 ventral ordinary setae; Ant IV with a simple apical bulb (Fig. 3 C), 7 – 8 cylindrical blunt sensilla (a, b, c, d, e, f, g and h) (after Yosii 1962), subapical ms near base of sensillum a, apical organite os placed near sensillum b and 20 setae around sensilla. Head. Eyes absent. PAO near base of Ant I well developed, large, about 33 µm in diameter, with 7 subequal lobes formed around central circle (Fig. 3 F). Labrum typical of the genus with 2 + 2 prelabral and 5, 5, 4 labral setae. Labium with all normal papillae (A – E) and 6 proximal setae. Left mandible with 4 teeth and right mandible with 5 teeth. Abdomen. Ventral tube with 4 + 4 apical setae. Retinaculum with 3 – 4 teeth (asymmetry observed). Furca well-developed (Fig. 5 B), length of manubrium, dens, mucro in holotype as 0.11, 0.06, 0.01 mm, respectively; manubrium with 12 setae; dens with 5 setae (basal seta longer); mucro about 1 / 4 of dens length, with lateral lamella, mucro and dens taken together are as long as inner edge of claw III. Anal spines long (86 µm), on papillae (Fig. 6 C). Ratio anal spines (including papilla): claw III = 1.6; ratio anal spines: dens = 1.9. Legs. Legs I – III with normal setae, tenent hair acuminate. Setal pattern as in Fig. 4 A – C. Leg I – III with 3, 8, 8 setae on coxae, 7, 7, 7 setae on trochanters, 14, 13, 12 setae on femora and 19, 19, 18 setae on tibiotarsi, respectively. Claw slender, 78 μm long in holotype, internal edge with strong medial tooth and lateral edge with pair of basal teeth; pretarsus with 1 lobe and 2 setae (1 external and 1 internal) reaching base of lateral teeth (Fig. 4 D – F). Ratio of claw I length: width = 3.2.	en	Kováč, Ľubomír, Karaman, Marko, Mehrafrooz Mayvan, Mahmood (2025): Convergent evolution underground - two new troglomorphic collembolan species of the genus Schaefferia Absolon, 1900 (Collembola, Poduromorpha, Hypogastruridae) from Iran and Montenegro. Subterranean Biology 54: 1-22, DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.54.157228
68FCCE8B11D95BC096A31D19D82D57DD.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named in the honour of prof. Dr. Penelope Greenslade, an outstanding Collembola taxonomist and ecologist.	en	Kováč, Ľubomír, Karaman, Marko, Mehrafrooz Mayvan, Mahmood (2025): Convergent evolution underground - two new troglomorphic collembolan species of the genus Schaefferia Absolon, 1900 (Collembola, Poduromorpha, Hypogastruridae) from Iran and Montenegro. Subterranean Biology 54: 1-22, DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.54.157228
E1C81178695D5C6089E9EB4657F1A2F7.taxon	description	Figs 9, 10, 11, 12, Table 1	en	Kováč, Ľubomír, Karaman, Marko, Mehrafrooz Mayvan, Mahmood (2025): Convergent evolution underground - two new troglomorphic collembolan species of the genus Schaefferia Absolon, 1900 (Collembola, Poduromorpha, Hypogastruridae) from Iran and Montenegro. Subterranean Biology 54: 1-22, DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.54.157228
E1C81178695D5C6089E9EB4657F1A2F7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Eyes absent, PAO small, forming a rosette of 5 – 6 regular oval vesicles. Ant IV with 7 – 8 sensilla and simple apical vesicle. Th I with 2 + 2 setae, Abd V without seta p 2. Claw without internal or lateral teeth. Retinaculum with 3 – 4 teeth, furca well-developed, with 5 dental setae.	en	Kováč, Ľubomír, Karaman, Marko, Mehrafrooz Mayvan, Mahmood (2025): Convergent evolution underground - two new troglomorphic collembolan species of the genus Schaefferia Absolon, 1900 (Collembola, Poduromorpha, Hypogastruridae) from Iran and Montenegro. Subterranean Biology 54: 1-22, DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.54.157228
E1C81178695D5C6089E9EB4657F1A2F7.taxon	description	Description. Body appearance. Length 1.4 mm on average (n = 4, max. length 1.5 mm). Habitus typical of Ceratophysella, body fusiform. Colour live white without traces of pigment, cuticular granulation rather uniform throughout the body, with well-differentiated setae. Antenna. It is nearly as long as head, with apical bulb (Fig. 9 A – C). Length of Ant I, II, III, IV in holotype as 0.05, 0.04, 0.04, 0.07 mm, respectively. Ant I with 7 setae; Ant II with 7 dorsal and 6 ventral setae in a single row; Ant III and IV clearly separated, Ant III sensory organ with 2 central short and curved rods flanked by 2 guard sensilla (Fig. 9 B), small ventrolateral microsensillum in a pit, 10 dorsal and 9 ventral setae; Ant IV with a simple apical bulb, 7 – 8 cylindrical blunt sensilla (a, b, c, d, e, f, g and h), subapical ms near base of sensillum a, apical organite os placed between sensilla a and b, and 18 setae around sensilla. Head. Eyes absent. PAO small but very distinct and located near base of Ant I, about 17 µm in diameter, with 5 – 6 equal lobes forming a rosette of 5 – 6 regular oval vesicles (Fig. 9 E). Labrum typical of the genus with 2 + 2 prelabral setae and 5, 5, 4 labral setae. Labium with all normal papillae (A – E) and 6 proximal setae. Left mandible with 4 teeth and right mandible with 5 teeth. Abdomen. Ventral tube with 4 + 4 apical setae. Retinaculum with 3 – 4 teeth (asymmetry). Furca well-developed as in Fig. 11 B, length of manubrium, dens, mucro in holotype as 0.04, 0.04, 0.01 mm respectively; manubrium with 8 setae; dens with 5 setae; mucro about 1 / 3 of dens length, with lateral lamella, mucro + dens slightly longer than inner edge of claw III. Anal spines shorter than claws (45 μm), on papillae (Fig. 12 C). Ratio anal spines: claw III = 0.9; ratio anal spines: dens = 1. Legs. Tibiotarsi I – III with acuminate tenent hair. Setal pattern as in Fig. 10 A – C. Leg I – III with 3, 8, 8 setae on coxae, 7, 7, 7 setae on trochanters, 15, 15, 13 setae on femora and 19, 19, 18 setae on tibiotarsi, respectively. Claw slender, 70 μm long in holotype, without internal or lateral teeth; pretarsus with 1 lobe and 2 setae (1 external and 1 internal) (Fig. 10 D – F). Ratio of claw I length: width = 5.8.	en	Kováč, Ľubomír, Karaman, Marko, Mehrafrooz Mayvan, Mahmood (2025): Convergent evolution underground - two new troglomorphic collembolan species of the genus Schaefferia Absolon, 1900 (Collembola, Poduromorpha, Hypogastruridae) from Iran and Montenegro. Subterranean Biology 54: 1-22, DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.54.157228
E1C81178695D5C6089E9EB4657F1A2F7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name of the new species is derived from the Montenegro country in Europe, where it was discovered.	en	Kováč, Ľubomír, Karaman, Marko, Mehrafrooz Mayvan, Mahmood (2025): Convergent evolution underground - two new troglomorphic collembolan species of the genus Schaefferia Absolon, 1900 (Collembola, Poduromorpha, Hypogastruridae) from Iran and Montenegro. Subterranean Biology 54: 1-22, DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.54.157228
