identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9491A4CFA1A152B09498B49D908DD2FF.text	9491A4CFA1A152B09498B49D908DD2FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sciadicleithrum anapurusensis Silva & Ottoni & Viana & Saraiva & Justo & Cohen 2025	<div><p>Sciadicleithrum anapurusensis sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 2</p><p>Host.</p><p>Saxatilia brasiliensis (Bloch, 1792) ( Cichlidae, Cichliformes)</p><p>Type-locality.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.119358&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.671" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.119358/lat -3.671)">Stream Estrela, balneary of Anapurus</a>, urban zone of the municipality of Anapurus, Munim River Basin, Maranhão State, Brazil (03°40'15.6"S, 043°7'9.7"W).</p><p>Other localities.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.28722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.8550277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.28722/lat -3.8550277)">Stream Feio, San José village</a>, rural zone of the municipality of Chapadinha, Munim River Basin, Maranhão State, Brazil (03°51'18.1"S, 043°17'14.0"W)</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet specific refers to the host’s location, the municipality of Anapurus, Maranhão State, Brazil.</p><p>Specimens deposited.</p><p>Holotype (CHIOC 40480), Paratypes (CHIOC: 40481 a, b; 40482; 40483; 40484; 40485; 40486 a, b; 40487)</p><p>Number of examined hosts.</p><p>64.</p><p>Number of parasites.</p><p>274.</p><p>Prevalence.</p><p>64.1 %.</p><p>Range of intensity.</p><p>1–27 parasites per fish.</p><p>Mean intensity.</p><p>6.7 parasites per infected fish.</p><p>Mean abundance.</p><p>4.3 parasites per analyzed fish.</p><p>Description.</p><p>(Based on 27 specimens mounted in Hoyer’s medium): Body elongated, fusiform, 363 (256–470, n = 27) long, including haptor, by 138 (108–195, n = 27) wide at level of ovary; tegument smooth; three developed cephalic lobes, two lateral and one terminal; four pairs of head organs; cephalic glands indistinct; accessory granules sparse in cephalic area; four equidistant eyespots, eye granules elongate ovate. Pharynx 32 (28–38, n = 5) in diameter; esophagus short; caeca confluent posterior to testis, without diverticula (Fig. 2 A). Copulatory complex comprises male copulatory organ (MCO) and accessory piece. MCO 111 (92–123, n = 16) long and 18 (15–22, n = 15) wide, composed of 2 clockwise rings; accessory piece 40 (27–50, n = 22) long, 12 (10–14, n = 19) wide, non-articulated to MCO base, bifurcated, with unequal branches at distal portion, the longest widens to distal region, with a subterminal thin projection and terminal end hook-shaped (Fig. 2 B). Gonads slightly overlapping. Testis dorsal to germarium; vas deferens looping left intestinal cecum; seminal vesicle elongated and single rounded prostatic reservoir. Germarium pretesticular; seminal receptacle, Mehlis’ glands, ootype, eggs, and uterus not observed (Fig. 2 A). Vagina weakly sclerotized, opening ventrally, forming a bulb near the aperture, vaginal canal long, thin (Fig. 2 C). Vitellaria distributed throughout the trunk (Fig. 2 A). Peduncle broad; haptor subhexagonal 97 (75–133, n = 25) wide. Ventral anchor 17 (13–20, n = 26) long, straight, with short deep root, superficial root developed presenting a little hump between the superficial and deep roots, base 14 (11–16, n = 26) wide (Fig. 2 D); dorsal anchor 31 (23–37, n = 27), long, with differentiated roots, well-developed superficial root, and short and developed deep root, base 19 (14–22, n = 24) (Fig. 2 E). Ventral bar 27 (22–35, n = 26) long, yoke-shaped, with enlarged extremities and delicate postero-medial umbiliform membrane (Fig. 2 F, G); dorsal bar 19 (15–22, n = 25) long, straight, with extremities directed posteriorly (Fig. 2 H). Hook pairs similar in shape and dissimilar in size, pairs 1 and 5 slightly smaller: Pair 1, 11 (11–12, n = 10); pair 2, 12 (12–13, n = 10); pair 3, 13 (12–13, n = 10); pair 4, 13 (13, n = 10); pair 5, 11 (10–12, n = 9); pair 6, 13 (12–13, n = 9); pair 7, 12 (12–13, n = 9) with Ancyrocephalinae distribution, straight shank with protuberant thumb, recurved shaft, point; FH loop about ¾ shaft length.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Sciadicleithrum anapurusensis sp. nov. was allocated in Sciadicleithrum by the diagnostic characters of the genus, such as the male copulatory organ that consists of a spiral tube comprising one to several clockwise rings, gonads overlapping, testis dorsal to ovary, and hooks of similar shape and size and not dilated shank (Kritsky et al. 1989). Species of the genus were characterized as presenting two variably developed umbeliform membranes on the anterior bar margin, but this character is no longer considered differential, as some species that do not exhibit these characteristics were included in the genus. The new species differs from all congeneric species in the general morphology of the sclerotized structures (anchors, bars, vagina, accessory piece, and the number of MCO rings). The new species is closely related to Sciadicleithrum satanopercae Yamada, Takemoto, Bellay &amp; Pavanelli, 2009, Sciadicleithrum araguariensis Paschoal, Tavares-Dias, Scholz &amp; Luque, 2016, Sciadicleithrum edgari Paschoal, Tavares-Dias, Scholz &amp; Luque, 2016, and Sciadicleithrum amazoniensis Morey, Dávila, Arimuya, Sousa, Cruces &amp; Chero, 2024 by the bifurcated accessory piece, but differs by the presence of postero-medial umbiliform membranes in the ventral bar.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9491A4CFA1A152B09498B49D908DD2FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Silva, Marciara L.;Ottoni, Felipe P.;Viana, Diego C.;Saraiva, Dennisiane J.;Justo, Marcia Cristina N.;Cohen, Simone C.	Silva, Marciara L., Ottoni, Felipe P., Viana, Diego C., Saraiva, Dennisiane J., Justo, Marcia Cristina N., Cohen, Simone C. (2025): Sciadicleithrum spp. (Dactylogyridae, Monopisthocotyla) parasitizing Saxatilia brasiliensis (Cichlidae, Cichliformes) from the Munim River Basin, northeastern Brazil, with a description of a new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (4): 2161-2169, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.147382
F4F2665C00E059FD8728A5120CEAD7A2.text	F4F2665C00E059FD8728A5120CEAD7A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sciadicleithrum araguariensis Paschoal, Scholz, Tavares-Dias & Luque 2016	<div><p>Sciadicleithrum araguariensis Paschoal, Scholz, Tavares-Dias &amp; Luque, 2016</p><p>Fig. 3</p><p>Type host and locality.</p><p>Saxatilia labrina (Spix &amp; Agassiz, 1831) [= Crenicichla labrina (Spix &amp; Agassiz, 1831)] ( Cichlidae, Cichliformes), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.8666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.2/lat 0.8666667)">Araguari River in Ferreira Gomes</a> (0°52'N, 51°12'W), Amapá State, Brazil .</p><p>Other host.</p><p>Saxatilia brasiliensis (Bloch, 1792) ( Cichlidae, Cichliformes)</p><p>Other localities.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.119358&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.671" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.119358/lat -3.671)">Stream Estrela, balneary of Anapurus</a>, urban zone of the municipality of Anapurus, Munim River Basin, Maranhão State (03°40'15.6"S, 043°7'9.7"W); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.28722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.8550277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.28722/lat -3.8550277)">Stream Feio, San José village</a>, rural zone of the municipality of Chapadinha, Munim River Basin, Maranhão State, Brazil (03°51'18.1"S, 043°17'14.0"W).</p><p>Specimens deposited.</p><p>Voucher (CHIOC 40488; 40489; 40490; 40491 a-d) .</p><p>Number of examined hosts.</p><p>64.</p><p>Number of parasites.</p><p>83.</p><p>Prevalence.</p><p>50 %.</p><p>Range of intensity.</p><p>1–6 parasites per fish.</p><p>Mean intensity.</p><p>2.6 parasites per infected fish.</p><p>Mean abundance.</p><p>1.3 parasites per analyzed fish.</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>(based on 20 specimens mounted in Hoyer’s medium; original measurements are presented in brackets): Body elongated, fusiform, 342 (250–397, n = 15) [412–430 (419; n = 8)] long, 141 (71–198, n = 17) [95 (90–102; n = 6)], width at the region near vagina; tegument smooth; three cephalic lobes, two lateral and one terminal; four well-developed eye spots, posterior pair larger than anterior; pharynx spherical, 35 (32–41, n = 6) [22 (21–24; n = 4)] in diameter (Fig. 3 A). Copulatory complex comprises male copulatory organ (MCO) and accessory piece. MCO tubular, thin, with 1.5 to 2 clockwise rings, 97 (75–110; n = 9) [100 (92–104; n = 4)] long. Accessory piece 29 (21–38; n = 7) [40 (38–42; n = 5)] long by 12 (8–15; n = 9) wide, non-articulated to the MCO base, formed by a bifurcated tube at mid-region and a slightly sclerotized cap at distal region (Fig. 3 B). Vagina strongly sclerotized, vaginal aperture bulbous-shaped, and vaginal canal long (Fig. 3 C). Egg 60 (n = 1) in diameter. Haptor 101 (81–128, n = 17) [43 (40–48; n = 8)] wide (Fig. 3 A); ventral anchor 18 (15–22, n = 17) [26 (24–28; n = 7)] long, base 12 (11–16, n = 17) [22 (21–24; n = 7)], superficial root elongated and short deep root, presenting a little hump between the roots, straight shaft and recurved point (Fig. 3 D); dorsal anchor 27 (23–30, n = 16) [34 (31–39; n = 7)] long, base, 13 (11–18, n = 16) [32 (30–34; n = 6)] base, slightly elongated superficial root, inconspicuous deep root (Fig. 3 E); ventral bar 30 (24–34, n = 20) [31 (29–34; n = 4)] long, yoke-shaped, with expanded ends and delicate umbelliform membrane (Fig. 3 F); dorsal bar 22 (18–26, n = 14) [22 (21–25; n = 5)] long, straight, with expanded ends directed posteriorly and postero-medial umbelliform membrane (Fig. 3 G). Hooks of similar shape and size: Pair 1, 11 (10–12, n = 12); pair 2, 12 (11–12, n = 12); pair 3, 13 (12–13, n = 12); pair 4, 13 (12–13, n = 11); pair 5, 11 (10–11, n = 6); pair 6, 12 (12–13, n = 9); pair 7, 12 (12–13, n = 11) [14 (12–16; n = 9)] with ancyrocephaline distribution, straight shaft, prominent thumb, recurved point; FH loop about ¾ shaft length (Fig. 3 H).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Sciadicleithrum araguariensis was originally described from specimens of Crenicichla labrina (now recognized as Saxatilia labrina) collected from the Araguari River in Ferreira Gomes, Amapá State, Brazil. The species is now reported in S. brasiliensis from Maranhão State. The specimens analyzed in this study are morphologically similar to those described originally, except for the presence of a cap at the distal portion of the accessory piece. While the original description characterized the accessory piece as Y-shaped and proximally bent, it did not mention the structure observed in the current specimens. Upon re-examining the holotype and paratypes, the cap was observed by the authors of this study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F4F2665C00E059FD8728A5120CEAD7A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Silva, Marciara L.;Ottoni, Felipe P.;Viana, Diego C.;Saraiva, Dennisiane J.;Justo, Marcia Cristina N.;Cohen, Simone C.	Silva, Marciara L., Ottoni, Felipe P., Viana, Diego C., Saraiva, Dennisiane J., Justo, Marcia Cristina N., Cohen, Simone C. (2025): Sciadicleithrum spp. (Dactylogyridae, Monopisthocotyla) parasitizing Saxatilia brasiliensis (Cichlidae, Cichliformes) from the Munim River Basin, northeastern Brazil, with a description of a new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (4): 2161-2169, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.147382
