identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4805C803FFC49E51FE22FEEE30B765C4.text	4805C803FFC49E51FE22FEEE30B765C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudorygmodus Hansen 1999	<div><p>Genus Pseudorygmodus Hansen, 1999</p> <p>Pseudorygmodus Hansen, 1999a: 143. Pseudorygmodus: SHORT &amp; FIKÁýEK (2013): 737 (assigned to subfamily Rygmodinae).</p> <p>Type species. Cylorygmus flintispangleri Moroni, 1985 (original designation).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Adult. Pseudorygmodus may be easily distinguished from all other hydrophilid genera by the combination of the following characters: (1) elytra with metallic sheen (Figs 1–2, 5–6), (2) elytron without scutellar stria (Fig. 24), (3) labrum exposed and well sclerotized (Figs 3–4, 7, 57–58), (4) antenna with 9 antennomeres (Fig. 16), (5) antennal club loosely segmented (Fig. 16), (6) gular sutures fused (Figs 35–36), (7) prosternum very short with distinct transverse groove (Figs 35, 37–38), (8) anapleural sutures present, dividing mesoventrite from other parts of mesothorax (Figs 18, 39, 41), (9) mesoventrite without distinct median elevation or projection (Figs 39, 41), (10) ¿rst abdominal ventrite without median longitudinal carina (Figs 25, 30), (11) posterior margin of abdominal ventrite 5 without notch (Fig. 26), (12) pro- and mesofemora densely pubescent in basal two thirds, but metafemur bare, (13) legs without swimming hairs on tibiae or tarsi, and (14) basal meso- and metatarsomere much shorter than tarsomere 2 (Figs 27–28).</p> <p>Adults of Pseudorygmodus keys out to the Anacaenini using the keys of HANSEN (1991), and to couplet 23 (containing Anacaenini, part of Rygmodinae and Hybogralius Orchymont, 1942) in the tribal key by SHORT &amp; FIKÁýEK (2013). It may be distinguished from all genera of the Anacaenini except Horelophus (as well as from all Rygmodinae and Hybogralius) by the reduced gula and fused gular sutures. In contrast to Horelophus, Pseudorygmodus has the pronotum narrowing anteriad (subquadrate in Horelophus) and its prosternum is extremely short (very long in Horelophus), and both genera also never live together (Horelophus is endemic to New Zealand: FIKÁýEK et al. 2012).</p> <p>Larva (based on SPANGLER 1979a). Pseudorygmodus is easy-to-recognize by the large ligula projecting much further than the labial palps (Fig. 66) and frontal sulci not joining posteriad into the coronal sulcus (Figs 62–63), both of which assign the larva to the subfamily Chaetarthriinae. Within Chaetarthriinae, it is most similar to Anacaena Thomson, 1859 (not to Crenitulus Winters, 1926, for details see Internal phylogeny of Anacaenini below) by the presence of the nearly symmetrical nasale with ¿ve teeth, of which the medium one is lower than the remaining four (Fig. 69). Pseudorygmodus is not co-occurring with any member of Anacaena in its range nor in the habitat it lives in, and its larva is hence easy-to-identify. In Chile, it may co-occur with larvae of Anticura (which differs by the short ligula, nasale bearing only two teeth and frontal sulci converging posteriad: SPANGLER 1979b, ARCHANGELSKY 1997) and possibly also Enochrus (Hugoscottia) (which differs by the short ligula, asymmetrical nasale with variable number of small teeth and frontal sulci converging posteriad: FERNÁNDEZ 1992).</p> <p>Adult morphology. Body elongate, moderately convex. General coloration of dorsal surface dark brown to black, with greenish or bluish metallic sheen; ventral parts reddish brown to dark brown.</p> <p>Head. Clypeus and frons with sparse punctation, each puncture bearing very short apically widened seta, trichobothria absent on frons and clypeus; frontoclypeal suture indistinct; clypeus covering bases of antennae anterior of eyes, slightly projecting anteriad sublaterally, shallowly concave on anterior margin, membrane between clypeus and labrum not or only very narrowly exposed. Eyes small, slightly protruding from outline of head, separated by 4–5× the width of one eye. Labrum largely exposed dorsally, only slightly retracted under clypeus at base, widest subbasally, narrowed basally and arcuately narrowing anteriad, shallowly bisinuate on anterior margin (Fig. 13); dorsal surface with two long setae anterolaterally and a transverse row of long setae (trichobothria) inbetween (Figs 57–58), ground punctation similar to that on clypeus; epipharynx with a lateral row of 4–5 stout setae on each side, median portion with two vertical rows of long cuticular spines and cone-shaped group of similar spines anteriorly, sublateral portion on each side with oval/circular porose ¿eld, basal portion with densely pubescent membranous cone. Mandibles (Fig. 12) symmetrical, with distinct mandibular angle, mandibular apex bi¿d; mediodistal portion with a group of long cuticular projections, medioproximal portion with ¿ne setae, mola moderately large, bearing numerous backwards directed setae on median face. Maxilla (Fig. 14) with a simple subtriangular cardo lacking trichobothria; basistipes triangular, bearing few stout setae (some of them with dough-nut socket); mediostipes rather vaguely delimited from lacinia, the latter membranous, bearing ¿ne hair-like setae mesally and few stouter and longer setae distally, distal portion of lacinia subdivided into dorsal and ventral lobe; galea short, rounded apically, with distal setae arranged into well-de¿ned rows; palpifer rather small, with few rather long setae; palpomeres 2–4 enlarged or not, sexually dimorphic or of the same morphology in both sexes (Figs 49–52); base of palpomere 4 with a group of digitiform sensilla on dorsolateral surface (Figs 14 (detail), 32–33). Labium (Figs 15, 35–36) with submentum slightly shorter and as wide as mentum, bearing sparsely arranged setae; mentum 1.0–1.3× as wide as long, with continually strongly convex anterior margin, its surface flat, without microsculpture, bearing a few large setae (many of those with dough-nut sockets), lateral margins with sparse rows of long setae; prementum subdivided into two membranous lobes bearing ¿ne long setae, palpifer vaguely sclerotized; labial palpus with three palpomeres, palpomere 1 minute, palpomere 2 subequal in length to palpomere 3; palpomere 2 with two long subapical setae; palpomere 3 with numerous small distal short setae and one digitiform sensillum. Antenna (Figs 16, 31) with 9 antennomeres, scapus subcylindrical, ca. 2× longer than pedicel, pedicel widest at midlength, bearing few pore-like sensilla and one tiny seta, antennomeres 3–5 rather long, their combined length ca. 1.5× longer than pedicel, cupula small, antennomeres 7–9 forming a distinct, loosely segmented and densely pubescent antennal club; antennomere 9 slightly longer than antennomere 7 and 8 each. Gula (Figs 35–36) completely reduced posteriorly, with gular sutures confluent, extremely narrow to totally reduced anteriorly, tentorial pits closely aggregated or totally confluent. Temporae without distinct ridge arising from inner margin of each eye.</p> <p>Prothorax. Pronotum weakly and evenly convex, subtrapezoid in shape, widest basally, narrowing anteriad, anterior corners strongly projecting; lateral margins not forming continuous curve with lateral margins of elytra, anterior margin deeply bisinuate, posterior margin weakly bisinuate; ground punctation sparse and rather ¿ne, trichobothria missing; complete anterior, lateral and posterior margins with ¿ne marginal bead (Fig. 46). Hypomeron without distinctly de¿ned lateral glabrous portion, only the lateralmost portion without pubescence, median portion densely pubescent; border between pronotum and hypomeron with series of pits with dough-nut sockets, without distinctly projecting sensilla; hypomeral process large, triangular, rounded mesally. Prosternum (Figs 21, 35, 37–38) very short anterior to procoxae, ca. 0.3× as long as procoxal cavity, with transverse ridge at least submedially, anterior margin slightly projecting mesally, with irregularly serrate shape and series of long setae, prosternal process very narrow, concealed between procoxae. Coxal cavity closed internally, open posteriorly, coxal ¿ssure widely open and not distinguished from coxal cavity, notopleural suture distinct. Accessory ridge below posterior pronotal margin laterally obliterated, recognizable as short and indistict ‘transverse fold’. Profurca consisting of two widely separated projections directed posteromesally at base, bent laterad and slightly widened into narrowly asymmetrical apically.</p> <p>Mesothorax. Scutellum (Fig. 22) with ¿nely microsculptured median portion, bearing sparsely arranged setae; scutellar shield exposed, triangular, pointed posteriorly, slightly longer than wide, with a few ¿ne setae present on its surface. Elytron (Fig. 24) elongate, evenly convex; sutural stria present, reaching ca. apical third to half of elytral length; elytral series more or less regular, formed of punctures of only slightly larger size and slightly more densely arranged than interval punctation; scutellary stria absent, not visible even in slide-mounted elytron; elytral trichobothria absent, punctures of elytral series and intervals each bearing a very short apically slightly widened seta; lateral edge with a narrow bead, straight; epipleuron moderately wide anteriorly, gradually narrowing posteriad, very narrow in posterior half of elytral length, but reaching elytral apex; lateral bare portion of epipleuron very narrow, divided from median pubescent portion by a ¿ne ridge with series of pit-like dough-nut sockets without projecting setae (Figs 44–45); ventral surface without any elevated ridges, only with a narrow longitudinal ¿eld of ¿ne spines situated sublaterally between anterior fourth and midlength. Mesoventrite (Figs 18, 39, 41) distinctly divided from mesanepisternum by distinct anapleural suture; subtrapezoid in shape in anterior two thirds, widely extended laterad in posterior third, coxal lobes of lateral extensions rather small; mesoventrite only very slightly bulged mesally, without distinct protuberances or ridges, bearing very sparse pubescence, medially with few trichobothria; mesoventral process narrow. Mesanepisterna meeting only at anterior margin of mesothorax; anterior collar well-de¿ned, moderately wide; mesal portion of each mesanepisternum pubescent, large lateral portions bare. Mesepimeron with large ventral portion, not reaching anterior collar or mesanepisternum anteriorly, forming lateral margin of coxal cavity; its whole surface sparsely pubescent. Coxal cavities obliquely transverse, ca. 2.5× wider than long, very narrowly separated from each other by mesoventral and metaventral processes. Mesofurca (Fig. 20) well-developed, consisting only of the basal portion, furcal arms absent; basal portions arising as two widely separate projections from posterior wall of coxal cavities, apically widened into lance-like extensions.</p> <p>Metathorax. Metanotum weakly sclerotized, ca. 2.2× wider than long, with rather wide anterior membranous area, alacristae slightly diverging posteriad. Metaventrite (Figs 40, 42) ca. 1.5× longer than mesoventrite, evenly convex, without de¿ned median portion, whole surface (except for a small posteromedian area) bearing more or less dense pubescence; metaventral process narrow, contacting mesoventral process; metacoxal process short but distinctly exposed. Postcoxal ridge very narrow but well-de¿ned, continuous medially. Metanepisternum ca. 4.5–6.0× longer than wide, oblique transverse strengthened anterior ridge present only laterally, mesally reaching anterior margin; whole surface pubescent. Metepimeron not exposed ventrally. Metafurca (Fig. 23) rather large, Y-shaped; stalk grooved medially, without basal extensions; lateral arms rather long, with large anterobasal extensions, apical portions roundly plate-like. Hind wing (Fig. 17) well developed, ca. 2× longer than elytron, venation well-developed in basal half, absent in distal half; anal lobe rather large, well-defned by anal notch; venation nearly identical as that of Horelophus walkeri (see FIKÁýEK et al. 2012), only with the following differences: RP very long, reaching subbasally; median spur longer; RP 3+4 pigmented near posterior margin.</p> <p>Legs. Coxae – procoxae subglobular, narrowly transverse, pubescent ventrally; mesocoxae transverse, rather robust mesally, narrowly separated, ¿nely pubescent ventrally; metacoxae narrowly transverse, subrectangular in ventral view, sparsely pubescent on whole ventral surface. Trochanters with proximal parts concealed by coxae, distal subtriangular parts exposed ventrally, pubescent; meso- and metatrochanter projecting into a small wide spine posterodistally, not forming continuous curve with posterior face of femora, protrochanter without such spine. Femora attached to trochanters by their posteromesal (meso- and metafemora) or anteromesal (profemora) portions only, anteromesal (meso- and metafemora) or posteromesal bases (profemora) free, angulate; pro- and mesofemora densely pubescent in their basal 0.65, metafemora lacking such pubescence except on extremely anterobasal portion, most of their surface bearing sparsely arranged spine-like setae; tibial grooves not de¿ned or very slightly de¿ned (male of P.flintispangleri, Fig. 43). Tibiae slightly longer than femora, cylindrical, slightly widening distad; each tibia with several rather irregular series of spines, distal portion with a group of enlarged spines and two rather short but stout tibial spurs; protibia oblique distally, with 2–3 large closely associated spines subdistally on outer margin closely associated with the outermost series of spines. Tarsi (Figs 27–28) with 5 tarsomeres, basal tarsomere short, shorter than tarsomeres 2–5 each, tarsomere 2 longest, slightly longer than tarsomere 5, tarsomeres 3–4 subequal in length. Ventral setae of all tarsomeres short, spine-like in both sexes; claws rather large, arcuate, bearing a sharp subbasal tooth (Fig. 29), shape sexually dimorphic (in P. flintispangleri) or identical in both sexes (P. versicolor sp. nov.); empodium moderately large, bearing a pair of stout subapical setae.</p> <p>Abdomen (Figs 25, 46, 48) with ¿ve exposed ventrites; ventrite 1 with moderately large bare coxal grooves, remaining portion more or less densely pubescent, median portion without longitudinal carina; ventrites 2–5 subequal in length, more or less densely pubescent on whole surface, posterior margin of ventrites 1–4 smooth, lateral margins of ventrites 1–5 with a narrow bead; posterior margin of ventrite 5 without median emargination or group of enlarged setae, ¿nely serrate with series of small spine-like setae; laterotergite 3 simple, dorsal portion not divided from ventral one by a ridge, bearing an area of goose-head-shaped cuticular projections, without any kind of organized stridulatory ¿le; tergites weakly sclerotized.</p> <p>Genitalia. Male genitalia (Figs 59–61). Aedeagus of simply trilobed type; parameres ca. as long as or indistinctly shorter than phallobase, bearing numerous pore-like sensilla in apical portion; median lobe ca. as long as parameres, with subtriangular apical part, basal apodemes rather long, gonopore large, well de¿ned, apical to subapical; phallobase symmetrical, rounded basally, without distinctly de¿ned manubrium. Sternite 9 widely tongue-like, with very short subbasal lateral struts. Sternite 8 crescent-like, smooth (i.e. not serrate) on posterior margin, densely pubescent, without anterior projection. Female genitalia examined only externally, with long peg-like gonocoxites 9 and gonostyli 9.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4805C803FFC49E51FE22FEEE30B765C4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	FIKÁýEK, Martin;VONDRÁýEK, Dominik	FIKÁýEK, Martin, VONDRÁýEK, Dominik (2014): A review of Pseudorygmodus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae), with notes on the classification of the Anacaenini and on distribution of genera endemic to southern South America. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (2): 479-514, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5299198
4805C803FFCD9E4EFE12FB2636536024.text	4805C803FFCD9E4EFE12FB2636536024.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudorygmodus Hansen 1999	<div><p>Key to species of Pseudorygmodus</p> <p>1. Whole dorsal surface uniformly dark, at most with indistinctly de¿ned paler coloration along lateral margins of elytra and pronotum (Figs 1–2). Maxillary palpi tickened in both sexes, moderately so in females, extremely so in males (Figs 49–50). Metaventrite and abdominal ventrites with very sparse long pubescence (Figs 40, 47). Male metatibiae with a pair of flat buldges on inner face, male femur with one such bulge on posterior margin, female without such bulges (Figs 43, 53–54). Elytral punctation coarse (Figs 1–2). Parameres not widened apically, apex simply rounded (Fig. 59). Body larger (3.9– 4.4 mm).............................................. Pseudorygmodus flintispangleri (Moroni, 1985)</p> <p>– Dorsal surface bicolored, with wide, sharply de¿ned, yellow lateral portions of elytra and pronotum (Figs 5–7). Maxillary palpi not thickened, of the same shape in both sexes (Figs 51–52). Metaventrite and abdominal ventrites with dense pubescence (Figs 42, 48). Metafemora and metatibiae of both sexes simple, without flat bulges on inner or posteri- or margins (Figs 55–56). Elytral punctation ¿ne (Figs 5–6). Parameres widened apically (Fig. 60). Body smaller (3.2–4.1 mm)................... Pseudorygmodus versicolor sp. nov.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4805C803FFCD9E4EFE12FB2636536024	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	FIKÁýEK, Martin;VONDRÁýEK, Dominik	FIKÁýEK, Martin, VONDRÁýEK, Dominik (2014): A review of Pseudorygmodus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae), with notes on the classification of the Anacaenini and on distribution of genera endemic to southern South America. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (2): 479-514, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5299198
4805C803FFD09E4DFEF3FF26310D6584.text	4805C803FFD09E4DFEF3FF26310D6584.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudorygmodus flintispangleri (Moroni 1985)	<div><p>Pseudorygmodus flintispangleri (Moroni, 1985)</p> <p>(Figs 1–4, 31–32, 34, 36–40, 43–44, 46–47, 49–50, 53–54, 57, 59, 62–69, 74)</p> <p>Cylorygmus lineatopunctatus Orchymont, 1933 (misidenti¿cation): SPANGLER (1974: 246, description of adult, notes on biology); SPANGLER (1979a: 745, description of larva and pupa).</p> <p>Cylorygmus flintispangleri Moroni, 1985: 150 (original description).</p> <p>Cylorygmus flintispangleri: ARCHANGELSKY (1997: 67, 174–176, redescription of larva and pupa).</p> <p>Pseudorygmodus flintispangleri (Moroni): HANSEN (1999a: 146, transferred from Cylorygmus); HANSEN (1999b: 235, catalogue).</p> <p>Type locality. Chile, Magallanes Region, Fiordo Peel near glacier, ca. 50°57މS 73°45.5ފW.</p> <p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: J (USNM): ދ J // CHILE:Magal. / Fiordo Peel / nr. glacier / 1 Oct. 1969 / O.S.Flint,Jr. // NEOHOLOTYPE / Cylorygmus / lineatopunctatus / dތ Orchymont [red label] // TypeNo / 72520 / USNM [red label]ތ. ALLOTYPE: ♀ (USNM): same locality label as holotype plus ދ ♀ // NEOALLOTYPE / Cylorygmus / lineatopunctatus / dތ Orchymont [red label] // TypeNo / 72520 / USNM [red label]ތ. PARATYPES: 4 JJ 1 ♀ (USNM): same locality data as the holotype plus ދ NEOPARATYPE / Cylorygmus / lineatopunctatus / dތ Orchymont [blue label]ތ; 2 JJ 2 ♀♀ (USNM): ދ CHILE:Magal. / I.Desolacion / Pto. Churruca / 5 Oct. 1969 / O.S.Flint,Jr. // NEOPARATYPE / Cylorygmus / lineatopunctatus / dތ Orchymont [blue label]ތ [GPS data ca. 53°2‘S 73°56‘W]. We labelled each specimen with label ދ HOLOTYPE [respectively ALLOTYPE or PARATYPE] / CYLORYGMUS / flintispangleri / Moroni, 1985 / M. FikáÞek labelledތ and also attached the identi¿cation label ދ PSEUDORYGMODUS / flintispangleri / (Moroni, 1985) / M. FikáÞek det. 2014ތ.</p> <p>Additional material examined: CHILE: LOS LAGOS: 3 JJ 3 ♀♀ (USNM): P. N. Puyehue, Anticura, elev. 350–460 m [40°40.3މS 72°10.2މW], 12.ii.1978, P. J. Spangler lgt; 1 spec. (torso without head, prothorax and legs, NMPC): PN Puyehue, Anticura, Río Anticura between Salto Pudú and confluence with Río Golgol, floating: mosses from the stones in the river (submerged+just above water) and the flood debris accumulated in logjam, 40°40.0–40.5މS 72°9.9–10.6މW, 350–460 m, 6.–9.xii.2013, FikáÞek, Kment &amp; VondráÞek lgt. LLANQUIHUE: 1 spec. (MNNC): Lago Chapo [41°27މS 72°30މW], ii.1985, J. Zuniga lgt. AYSÉN: 11 spec. (NMPC, NHMW, SEMC): Provincia Capitan Prat, Fiordo Bernardo, northern margin of Glaciar Bernando,48°31މS 73°55މW, Magellanic Moorland:under rocks,sparse vegetation of mosses, by a river on outwash plain, 4.ii.1985,A. C.Ashworth &amp; M. J. Gunderson lgt. MAGALLANES: 2 spec. (MNNC): Fiordo Calém, elev. 150 m [48°22މS 73°33މW], 15.xii.1960, J. Ever lgt.; 5 spec. (BMNH, NMPC): Ultima Esperanza, Fiordo Eyre,Ana Maria, northern margin of Glacier Pio XI, 49°14މS 74°5މW, Magellanic Moorland, glacier margin on recently deglaciated moraine, with sparse vegetation of mosses, 10.ii.1985, A. C. Ashworth &amp; M. J. Gunderson lgt.; 8 spec. (NMPC, NHWM, SEMC): Provincia Capitan Prat, Fiordo Tempanos (Iceberg), northern side of Glaciar Tempanos, 48°44މS 74°03މW, Magellanic Moorland: under rock on open, well drained grass-covered moraine, 31.i.1985, A. C. Ashworth &amp; M. J. Gunderson lgt.; 5 spec. (NMPC): Provincia Ultima Esperanza, Fiordo Tempanos (Iceberg), southern side of Glaciar Tempanos, 48°45މS 74°03މW,Magellanic Moorland:under rocks,sparse vegetation of grasses and mosses on ¿ord shore, 30.i.1985,A.C.Ashworth&amp; M.J.Gunderson lgt.; 1 spec. (MNNC):Puerto Bellavista [51°28މS 73°17މW], 12.xii.1979, S. &amp; C. Manrilla lgt.; 1 spec. (ZMUC): Tierra del Fuego, Cordillera Darwin, 25.ii.1962, E. Shipton lgt., forest litter [precise locality unknown, not included into the analysis of potential distribution].</p> <p>Larva. Not examined. The specimen described by SPANGLER (1979a) was not found in the collection of USNM (C. Micheli, pers. comm.) and the data on larval morphology used here are hence, based purely on the description by SPANGLER (1979a).</p> <p>Redescription. Body. Body elongate oval, moderately convex. Body length 3.9–4.4 mm (4.0 mm in the holotype), body width 2.4–2.7 mm (2.5 mm in the holotype). Coloration. Dorsal surface brown to dark brown, metallic, with very indistinctly lightened lateral margins of pronotum and elytra, epipleuron reddish-brown to dark brown. Ventral portion of head black, remaining ventral portions brown to dark brown. Maxillary palps reddish with darker palpomere 4, remaining head appendages and all parts of legs brown to dark brown. Head. Frons and clypeus with rather coarse, sharply impressed and rather dense punctation, interstices without miscrosculpture. Eyes weakly protruding, separated by ca. 4.0–4.4× the width of one eye. Labrum with punctation slightly ¿ner and denser than on disc of clypeus, bearing a transverse series of many trichobothria with sockets as large as surrounding punctation. Maxillary palpi sexually dimorphic, widened in both sexes, extremely so in males in which palpomere 2 is compressed, slightly concave and with numerous disc-like ¿elds on ventral surface. Posterior tentorial pits situated very close to each other, but still distinctly separated from each other. Thorax. Pronotum with punctation similar to that on head, interstices without microsculpture. Elytral series rather distinct, consisting of punctures which are slightly larger but much more closely aggregated than interval punctuation; interval punctation coarse and dense, slightly coarser and denser than on pronotum; interstices without microsculpture. Prosternum with medially widely interrupted transverse ridge. Mesoventrite with slightly bulged posteromedian portion bearing few setae, anteromedian portion of metaventrite without any impression; anterior portion of mesoventrite does not subdivide the posterior portion of the mesothoracic collar. Metaventrite with very sparse hydrofuge pubescence except posteromesal area and anterior of metacoxae, interstices without microsculpture, shiny; postcoxal ridge of metaventrite crenulate. Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites completely covered with sparse pubescence.</p> <p>Legs. Metafemur and metatibia sexually dimorphic: male femur with a pair of projecting wide low lobes at midlength, weakly de¿ning the tibial groove at least at midlength, female femur without such lobes; male tibia deeply sinuate on inner margin, widened subbasally and subapically; female tibia subcylindrical; claws sexually dimorphic, slightly sinuate in males, arcuate in females. Male genitalia. Aedeagus with parameres evenly rounded apically, without apical widening; median lobe narrowly triangular, gonopore nearly circular.</p> <p>Biology. In southern Chile, repeatedly found at ocean shore close to the glaciers (once in October, ¿ve times in January/February). All specimens from southern Chile were found outside of water, usually under stones and among mosses and roots of grasses (SPANGLER 1974; A. C. Ashworth, pers. comm.; Fig. 11), one specimen was also collected from forest litter. In the north, SPANGLER (1979a) reported the ¿nding of adults, single larva and pupae from debris and loam among grass roots caught up in logjam and driftwood, in the midstream of Río Anticura (PN Puyehue) in February. The intensive collecting in Río Anticura and surrounding rivers and streams performed by the authors between December 5–9 2013 resulted only in the discovery of one dead torso of the species floated from loam and flood debris caught up in logjams, but no living specimens were found. See Discussion for more comments on supposed habitat requierements of this species.</p> <p>Distribution. Widely distributed in southern Chile, from the Los Lagos Region south to the southernmost parts of the Magallanes Region (Cordillera Darwin).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4805C803FFD09E4DFEF3FF26310D6584	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	FIKÁýEK, Martin;VONDRÁýEK, Dominik	FIKÁýEK, Martin, VONDRÁýEK, Dominik (2014): A review of Pseudorygmodus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae), with notes on the classification of the Anacaenini and on distribution of genera endemic to southern South America. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (2): 479-514, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5299198
4805C803FFD19E4AFE1FFAE631CB6424.text	4805C803FFD19E4AFE1FFAE631CB6424.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudorygmodus versicolor FIKÁýEK & VONDRÁýEK 2014	<div><p>Pseudorygmodus versicolor sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 5–7, 12–30, 33, 35, 41–42, 45, 48, 51–52, 55–56, 58, 60–61, 74)</p> <p>Type locality. Chile, La Araucanía Region, Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta, 2.2 km north of Pehuenco, Estero Agua de Los Gringos stream at the place where it is crossed by Sendero Estero Los Gringos track, 37°48.5މS 73°0.7މW, 1160 m a.s.l.</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE: J(MNNC), ‘ CHILE: IX.La Araucanía Region / PN Nahuelbuta, 2.2 km N of / Pehuenco, Estero Agua de Los / Gringos, 37°48.5މS 73°0.7މW / 1160m, 11–12.xii.2013 / FikáÞek, Kment &amp; VondráÞek / CH 37 // floated from mosses at water / level or in the splash zone at / stones at sides and in the middle / of a mountain stream’. PARATYPES: 29 spec. (NMPC, BMNH, FMNH, JBCC, MNNC, SEMC, USNM, ZMUC): same label data as the holotype.</p> <p>Description. Body. Body elongate oval, moderately convex. Body length 3.2–4.1 mm (3.4 mm in the holotype), body width 1.9–2.3 mm (2.0 mm in the holotype). Coloration. Dorsal surface very dark brown to black, elytra with weak bluish metallic sheen; lateral parts of pronotum widely yellow and rather sharply de¿ned from dark pronotal disc; lateral margin of elytra with a narrow yellow stripe which is rather sharply de¿ned anteriorly but rather vaguely posteriorly, epipleuron yellow. Ventral portion of head black, mouthparts brown; prosternum brown, prothoracic hypomeron yellowish; ventral portions of meso- and metathorax dark brown, abdominal ventrites brown to dark brown. Head appendages yellowish proximally, brown to dark brown distally; femora reddish, tibiae and tarsi slightly darker, brown. Head. Frons and clypeus with ¿ne but sharply impressed rather sparse punctation, interstices without miscrosculpture. Eyes weakly protruding, separated by ca. 5.3× the width of one eye. Labrum with punctation similar to that on clypeus, bearing a transverse series of few trichobothria with sockets larger than surrounding punctation. Maxillary palpi not widened, of same morphology in male and female. Posterior tentorial pits fused together.</p> <p>Thorax. Pronotum with punctation similar to that on head, interstices without microsculpture. Elytral series rather indistinct anteromesally, more distinct posteriorly and laterally; interval punctation ¿ne, rather sparse but sharply impressed, punctures only slightly smaller than serial ones; interstices without microsculpture. Prosternum with nearly complete transverse ridge. Mesoventrite nearly flat, only with slightly elevated posteromedian portion, bearing a longitudinal impression anteromedially, anteriorly dividing the posterior portion of the mesothoracic collar. Metaventrite with dense hydrofuge pubescence except posteromesally and anterior of metacoxae; postcoxal ridge of metaventrite straight, not crenulate.</p> <p>Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites completely covered by dense pubescence. Legs. Metafemur and metatibia of the same morphology in male and female; femur slender, subcylindrical, without tibial groove, tibia subcylindrical; claws not sexually dimorphic, arcuate in both sexes. Male genitalia. Aedeagus with parameres widened apically (chopper-like); median lobe widely triangular, gonopore narrowly transverse.</p> <p>Etymology. The species name versicolor (Latin, colorful) reflects the dorsal coloration of this species, combining yellow, black and metallic bluish, in which it differs from P. flintispangleri.</p> <p>Biology. All specimens were floated from the wet moss collected on stones in and along the mountain stream, in the splash zone just above the water-line (Figs 8–10). They co-occurred in this habitat with Anticura flinti Spangler, 1979 and Enochrus (Hugoscottia) variegatus (Steinheil, 1869) (small male specimen corresponding with those from Argentina: Junín de Los Andes identi¿ed by L. Fernández, all specimens deposited in NMPC).</p> <p>Distribution. Only known from the type locality in Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4805C803FFD19E4AFE1FFAE631CB6424	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	FIKÁýEK, Martin;VONDRÁýEK, Dominik	FIKÁýEK, Martin, VONDRÁýEK, Dominik (2014): A review of Pseudorygmodus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae), with notes on the classification of the Anacaenini and on distribution of genera endemic to southern South America. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (2): 479-514, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5299198
4805C803FFD59E46FE02FCA6309B6764.text	4805C803FFD59E46FE02FCA6309B6764.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crenitulus Winters 1926	<div><p>Crenitulus Winters, 1926, stat. restit.</p> <p>Crenitulus Winters, 1926: 54. Type species: Limnebius suturalis LeConte, 1866 (original designation).</p> <p>Crenitulus: ORCHYMONT (1933: 202, synonymized with Anacaena).</p> <p>Gentilina Hebauer, 2003: 112, syn. nov. Type species: Paranacaena nitens Gentili, 1993 (original designation).</p> <p>Gentilina: KOMAREK &amp; BEUTEL (2007: 225, synonymized with Anacaena).</p> <p>Anacaena suturalis group: KOMAREK (2005: 288), KOMAREK (2007: 162), FIKÁýEK &amp; ENGEL (2011: 625); SHORT &amp; FIKÁýEK (2013: 729).</p> <p>Species included (all species are transferred to Crenitulus from Anacaena):</p> <p>Crenitulus attiguus (Orchymont, 1942), comb. nov. – Peru</p> <p>Crenitulus hirsutus (Komarek, 2005), comb. nov. – Costa Rica, Guatemala</p> <p>Crenitulus nitens (Gentili, 1993), comb. nov. – Australia: Queensland</p> <p>Crenitulus paleodominicus (FikáÞek &amp; Engel, 2011), comb. nov. – Dominican amber</p> <p>Crenitulus perpennus (Orchymont, 1942), comb. nov. – Costa Rica</p> <p>Crenitulus solstitialis (Kirsch, 1873), comb. nov. – Central and northern South America</p> <p>Crenitulus schoedli (Komarek, 2005), comb. nov. – Costa Rica</p> <p>Crenitulus suturalis (LeConte, 1866), comb. restit. – widespread in North, Central and South Americas</p> <p>Diagnosis. Adults (partly based on KOMAREK 2005, 2007): Body attenuated posteriad; eyes anteriorly not emarginated by a canthus of frons, remnants of frontoclypeal suture not bent along anterior margin of eye; antenna always with 9 antennomeres; procoxae in many species with apparent strong spines (absent in C. solstitialis, weakly developed on some C. suturalis); gula very narrow; mesoventrite only narrowly reaching anterior margin of mesothorax; elytron with subserially arranged punctures; meso- and metatarsi with few long swimming hairs on dorsal face (except in C. attiguus); aedeagus very similar in all species of Crenitulus: phallobase ca. as long as parameres, without or with very weakly de¿ned broad manubrium; parameres acute apically, regularly convex on outer margin; median lobe slightly narrowing apicad, cut off apically, with very short apodemes; gonopore apical or subapical.</p> <p>Larvae (partly based on ARCHANGELSKY &amp; FIKÁýEK 2004): Nasale with ¿ve teeth, all of more or less the same size, the right one reaching furthest, the left one least projecting; epistomal lobes present, rather small, nearly symmetrical; antenna with rather long antennomere 3, sensorium thin and as long as antennomere 3; maxilla with short stipes and very long palpomere 1; mandibles symmetrical, with two large and one very small basal tooth; labium with long ligula, projecting further than labial palps; seta on inner margin of antennal socket brush-like apically; pronotum with lateral projections; each segment of thorax dorsally with complex set of sclerites, some of which bear sclerotized projections; tergite of abdominal segment 8 tri¿d posteriorly.</p> <p>Comments. The most apparent shared character of all species of Crenitulus is the morphology of the aedeagus, which is extremely similar in all species included here in the genus. KOMAREK (2005) did not include A. perpenna into the Anacaena suturalis group (i.e. what is now Crenitulus), but mentioned the resemblance of its aedeagus with members of the group. The same is true for A. nitens, which KOMAREK (2007) only commented as showing morphological af¿nities to A. suturalis group. Neither of these two species was included in the molecular analyses as DNA-grade material is not available at the moment. It is true that both aforementioned species differ in several aspect from the remaining species of Crenitulus: C. perpennus e.g. in the short terminal antennomere and transverse ridge of the mesoventrite; C. nitens in the mesoventrite without a median protuberance and the pubescence of the metafemur extending slightly further distad than in Neotropical species. However, both species share the aedeagal morphology, which is very characteristic for the genus, and also completely match the generic diagnosis provided above. For these reasons, we include them into Crenitulus.</p> <p>During routine identi¿cation, both the Neotropial and Australian species may only be confused with the genus Anacaena. In the Neotropics, they may be easily distinguished from Anacaena by the metafemoral pubescence con¿ned solely to the base and anterior margin (see KOMAREK 2005: Figs 51, 55–57, 59) whereas the Anacaena species have the pubescence much more extending distad (less so in A. parvula, which may be easily distinguished from Crenitulus by the antenna having 7 antennomeres). The only Australian species of Crenitulus may be easily distinguished from Anacaena by the narrowly elongate, darkly-colored body (more globular, and at least in some species, pale-colored in Anacaena) and by the antenna with 9 antennomeres (8 antennomeres in all Australian Anacaena). In all cases, species of Crenitulus may be easily distinguished from Anacaena by the morphology of the aedeagus: parameres are apically pointed and the phallobase does not have a distinctly constricted basal portion (manubrium) in Crenitulus, whereas the parameres are apically more or less widely rounded in all New World and Australian Anacaena, and the phallobase bears a narrowly projecting manubrium in all Australian Anacaena.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4805C803FFD59E46FE02FCA6309B6764	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	FIKÁýEK, Martin;VONDRÁýEK, Dominik	FIKÁýEK, Martin, VONDRÁýEK, Dominik (2014): A review of Pseudorygmodus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae), with notes on the classification of the Anacaenini and on distribution of genera endemic to southern South America. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (2): 479-514, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5299198
4805C803FFDB9E47FE46FD2030F36488.text	4805C803FFDB9E47FE46FD2030F36488.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydramara Knisch 1925	<div><p>Hydramara Knisch, 1925</p> <p>Known distribution. The genus contains a single species, H. argentina (Knisch, 1925). It is known from the following localities: ARGENTINA: CATAMARCA: El Rodeo [28°12ƍ25ƎS 65°52ƍ42ƎW] (SPANGLER 1979b). COR- DOBA: without precise locality (SPANGLER 1979b; not included into the dataset). LA RIOJA: Departamento General Lamadrid, Río del Peñon [28°52ƍ43.3ƎS 68°34ƍ24.3ƎW] (ARCHANGELSKY 2000); Departamento Sanagasta, Arroyo Tambito, 29°09ƍ47ƎS 67°4ƍ47ƎW (ARCHANGELSKY 2000); Departamento Chilecito, road to Mina de Oro [29°6ƍ25ƎS 67°36ƍ17.4ƎW] (ARCHANGELSKY 2000). MENDOZA: Punta del Agua [35°31ƍ7.4ƎS 68°5ƍ0.3ƎW] (KNISCH 1925); Tala (KNISCH 1925, not localized and not included into the dataset). SALTA: Angastaco [25°37ƍ49ƎS 66°9ƍ39.3ƎW] (SPANGLER 1979); Cafayate [26°4ƍ49ƎS 65°58ƍ58.3ƎW] (SPANGLER 1979b); Cañada la Gotera, Rt. 59, km 23.5 [24°56ƍ33.8ƎS 68° 6ƍ37.4ƎW] (SPANGLER 1979b); Depto. Rosario de la Frontera, El Morenillo [26°12ƍ1.5ƎS 64°50ƍ6ƎW] (SPANGLER 1979b); La Zanja, west of Chicoana [= Las Zanjas, 25°8ƍ20ƎS 65°44ƍ29ƎW] (SPANGLER 1979b). SAN LUIS: Merlo [32°20ƍ17.8ƎS 64°59ƍ54.4ƎW] (SPANGLER 1979). TUCUMAN: Horco Molle [26°47ƍ28.6ƎS 65°19ƍ49.1ƎW] (SPANGLER 1979b); Tipas [= Las Tipas, 26°40ƍ0.7ƎS 65°24ƍ3.7ƎW] (SPANGLER 1979b).</p> <p>Results of the model of the potential distribution. Number of occurrence points analyzed:14.Training AUC:0.979. Treshhold for equal training sensitivity and speci¿city: 0.248. Most contributing climatic layers: bio6 – minimum temperature of the coldest month (50.2 %), bio19 – precipitation of the coldest quarter of the year (27.1 %).</p> <p>Potential distribution. The potential distribution covers a large area of mostly semiarid to arid montane and sub-montane regions in central and northwest Argentina (where actual records are known), but also includes dry parts of the Andean altiplano in Chilean regions Atacama, Antofagasta, Tarapaca and Arica y Parinacota, the dry high-altitude areas in southwestern and western Bolivia, and a narrow isolated belt of dry Andean foothills in southern Peru between the provinces of Lima and Arequipa. A very isolated area of suitable climatic conditions is also present in the southern part of the Argentinian province of Santa Cruz.</p> <p>Biology. Based on the published records, Hydramara argentina inhabits the montane or submontane rivers and streams, often those which are highly seasonal, and dry up for the larger part of the year (SPANGLER 1979b, ARCHANGELSKY 2000).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4805C803FFDB9E47FE46FD2030F36488	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	FIKÁýEK, Martin;VONDRÁýEK, Dominik	FIKÁýEK, Martin, VONDRÁýEK, Dominik (2014): A review of Pseudorygmodus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae), with notes on the classification of the Anacaenini and on distribution of genera endemic to southern South America. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (2): 479-514, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5299198
4805C803FFD99E45FE20FEF13310628C.text	4805C803FFD99E45FE20FEF13310628C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudorygmodus Hansen 1999	<div><p>Pseudorygmodus Hansen, 1999</p> <p>Known distribution. The genus contains two species – the widespread P.flintispangleri (Moroni, 1985) and P.versicolor sp. nov., known from a single locality in Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta (La Araucanía Region). The complete list of known specimens and localities is provided above in the review of the genus; same data were used for the model of the potential distribution of the genus.</p> <p>Results of the model of the potential distribution. Number of occurrence points analyzed: 11. Training AUC: 0.922. Treshhold for equal training sensitivity and speci¿city: 0.448. Most contributing climatic layers: bio19 – precipitation in coldest quarter of the year (75 %).</p> <p>Potential distribution. In the north, the genus may potentially reach the Bío-Bío Region along the Andes Mts. and the northern border of the Los Lagos Region (incl. whole Chiloé island) along the coastal mountain range. In the coastal mountain range, an isolated spot of potential distribution is predicted for the Cordillera de Nahuelbuta, from where P. versicolor is here described. South of the Los Lagos Region, the potential distribution includes coastal areas reaching the southernmost parts of the Magellanes Region. Climatically suitable conditions are also predicted in small isolated spots at high altitudes along the Chilean-Argentinian border north of Region Maule, but these regions were massively affected by glaciation during the Pleistocene, hence, actual distribution there seems less probable. In the northern part of the continual potential distribution, it generally corresponds with the distribution of Valvidian/ Nothofagus forests.</p> <p>Biology. Associated with streams and rivers, most likely to be found in mosses on stones above water, in flood debris accumulated in logjam and on humid places on the banks of the streams. In the south, also likely inhabiting humid places far from streams/rivers. See above for details for each species, and Discussion for more details on supposed habitat differences between species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4805C803FFD99E45FE20FEF13310628C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	FIKÁýEK, Martin;VONDRÁýEK, Dominik	FIKÁýEK, Martin, VONDRÁýEK, Dominik (2014): A review of Pseudorygmodus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae), with notes on the classification of the Anacaenini and on distribution of genera endemic to southern South America. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (2): 479-514, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5299198
4805C803FFD99E42FE43FBA9305C6004.text	4805C803FFD99E42FE43FBA9305C6004.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Andotypus Spangler 1979	<div><p>Andotypus Spangler, 1979</p> <p>Known distribution. The genus contains two species – the widespread Andotypus ashworthi Spangler, 1979, and Andotypus sp. nov. (to be described by FIKÁýEK et al. 2014) known from a single female from Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta (La Araucanía Region). The complete list of known specimens and localities was provided by FIKÁýEK et al. (2014) and these data were used here for estimating the potential distribution of the genus.</p> <p>Results of the model of the potential distribution. Number of occurrence points analyzed: 44. Training AUC: 0.980. Treshhold for equal training sensitivity and speci¿city: 0.086. Treshhold for maximum sensitivity and speci¿city: 0.063. Most contributing climatic layers: bio19 – precipitation in coldest quarter of the year (58 %), bio15 – precipitation seasonality (18.5 %), bio17 – precipitation of driest quarter of the year (17.3 %). The maximum sensitivity/speci¿city treshhold was used for the prediction, as the area of potential distribution predicted using equal sensitivity/speci¿city did not cover all actual records of the genus.</p> <p>Potential distribution. Four isolated regions were predicted as potential distribution for the genus: the coastal area in sourthern Bío-Bío and northern Araucanía Regions (ca. between Concepción and Carahue), a large area ranging from southernmost Bío-Bío in the Andes Mts. (ca. Reserva Nacional Ralco and volcan Callaqui) through the whole width of Chile south to ca. 46°S, coastal areas south of Golfo de Penas between ca. 47.5– 51°S, and a small coastal area between ca. 52– 54°S. The species was actually recorded in all these regions except the southernmost one.</p> <p>Biology. Usually collected using meat/cheese-baited pitfall traps in forested areas, also found by sifting leaf-litter and accumulations of decaying plant matter, probably including beach drift (SPANGLER 1979c, FIKÁýEK et al. 2014).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4805C803FFD99E42FE43FBA9305C6004	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	FIKÁýEK, Martin;VONDRÁýEK, Dominik	FIKÁýEK, Martin, VONDRÁýEK, Dominik (2014): A review of Pseudorygmodus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae), with notes on the classification of the Anacaenini and on distribution of genera endemic to southern South America. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (2): 479-514, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5299198
4805C803FFDE9E42FE7CFE6630A06520.text	4805C803FFDE9E42FE7CFE6630A06520.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anticura Spangler 1979	<div><p>Anticura Spangler, 1979</p> <p>Known distribution. The genus contains a single species, A. flinti Spangler, 1979. It is known from the following localities: ARGENTINA: NEUQUÉN: San Martin de los Andes, Arroyo Rosales [40°6ƍ56ƎS 71°18ƍ25ƎW] (SPANGLER 1979d). CHILE: LA ARAUCANÍA: Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta, 2.2 km N of Pehuenco, Estero Agua de Los Gringos, 37°48.5މS 73°0.7މW, 1160 m (FikáÞek, unpubl.data); 21.8 km SE of Pucón, Rio Palguín at Ruta S- 941 km 9, 39°24.6މS 71°46.4މW, 650 m (FikáÞek, unpubl. data); Villarica (FikáÞek, unpubl. data, not included into the analysis). LOS LAGOS: Parque Nacional Puyehue, Anticura, in Rio Anticura, 350–460 m, 40°40.3ƍS 72°10.2ƍW (SPANGLER 1979d; FikáÞek, unpubl.data); Parque Nacional Puyehue, Anticura, in Rio Gol Gol, 380 m [40°39ƍ43ƎS 72°10ƍ16ƎW] (SPAN- GLER 1979d); Parque Nacional Puyehue,Aguas Calientes, in Rio Chanlefu [40°44ƍS 72°18ƍ42ƎW] (SPANGLER 1979d). Results of the model of the potential distribution. Number of occurrence points analyzed: 6.Training AUC:0.972. Treshholds for equal and maximum sensitivity and speci¿city: 0.269. Most contributing climatic layers: bio19 – precipitation in coldest quarter of the year (78.3 %).</p> <p>Potential distribution. A wide continual potential distribution was predicted for this genus, ranging from high altitude places in the Metropolitan Region Santiago de Chile through the Andes Mts. southwards to ca. Puerto Aysén (45.5°S), and south of ca. Concepción extending also to large regions in the coastal mountain range. An isolated smaller region of potential distribution is also predicted along the coast between Golfo de Penas and Isla Duque de York. The potential range also includes the forested areas on eastern slopes of Andes Mts. in Argentinian provinces Mendoza, Neuquén, Río Negro and Chubut. The potential distribution is actually much wider than the distribution currently known from available records.</p> <p>Biology. To be collected in mountain streams and rivers, most frequently from mosses growing at water level or just above on the stones at sides or even directly in the stream; also collected from flood debris accumulated in river logjams.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4805C803FFDE9E42FE7CFE6630A06520	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	FIKÁýEK, Martin;VONDRÁýEK, Dominik	FIKÁýEK, Martin, VONDRÁýEK, Dominik (2014): A review of Pseudorygmodus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae), with notes on the classification of the Anacaenini and on distribution of genera endemic to southern South America. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (2): 479-514, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5299198
4805C803FFDE9E43FE5CFB7A36116344.text	4805C803FFDE9E43FE5CFB7A36116344.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cylorygmus Orchymont 1933	<div><p>Cylorygmus Orchymont, 1933</p> <p>Known distribution. In South America, the genus contains a single species, C. lineatopunctatus Orchymont, 1933. It is known from the following localities: CHILE: SANTIAGO: Lo Águila (or Hospital Lo Águila) [33°54ƍS 70°46ƍW] (MORONI 1985; FikáÞek, unpubl. data); Peñalolén, 14 km SE of Santiago de Chile [33°33ƍ21ƎS 70°31ƍ41.3ƎW] (Newton &amp; Thayer, unpubl. data); Rungua [33°0ƍ24.12ƎS 70°53ƍ20.4ƎW] (FikáÞek, unpubl. data); Quebrada La Plata [33°29ƍ38ƎS 70°53ƍ23ƎW] (FikáÞek, unpubl. data); Rangue [33°51ƍ19ƎS 70°53ƍ11ƎW] (FikáÞek, unpubl.data). VALPARAÍSO: 4 km E of Quebrada Alvarado, 500 m, 33°3ƍS 71°3ƍW (Newton &amp; Thayer, unpubl. data); La Vega vicinity, 940 m, 33°2.71ƍS 71°1.63ƍW (Newton &amp; Thayer, unpubl. data); Parque Nacional La Campana, Sector Granizo, Cajon La Opositora, 685 m, 32°58.78ƍS 71°6.93ƍW (Newton &amp; Thayer, unubl. data); Parque Nacional La Campana, Sector Ocoa, 4.75 km SE of park entrance, “La Cascada”, 870 m, 32°57.7ƍS 71°3.2ƍW (FikáÞek, unpubl. data); Parque Nacional La Campana, Sector Ocoa, vicinity of Quebrada Buitrera, 415 m, 32°55.89ƍS 71°5.1ƍW (Newton &amp; Thayer, unpubl. data); Quillota [32°52ƍS 71°15ƍ0ƎW] (ORCHYMONT 1933, MORONI 1985, FikáÞek, unpubl. data).</p> <p>Results of the model of the potential distribution. Number of occurrence points analyzed: 10. Training AUC: 0.995.Treshholds for equal and maximum sensitivity and speci¿city:0.328.Most contributing climatic layers:bio18 – precipitation of warmest quarter of the year (35.7 %), bio19 – precipitation of coldest quarter of the year (24.7 %), bio14 – precipitation of driest month (15.7 %).</p> <p>Potential distribution. Compared to other hydrophilid endemic genera, a very small area of potential distribution was predicted for Cylorygmus lineatopunctatus. It includes the small part of the Coastal Cordillera from northern Valparaíso Region southwards to the central/ southern O’Higgins Region (i.e. Vizcachas Mts. and the Altos de Cantillana range) and the adjacent foothills. Actual records are known from both these ranges. An additional small area of climatically suitable conditions is predicted in the coastal mountain range of the southernmost Antofagasta province, but actual occurrence there does not seem probable due to large isolation of this area from the southern range of the species and the lack of forests in this area (it is part of the Atacama Desert).</p> <p>Biology. Collected in leaf accumulations at sides of the streams, either in forested areas or even in small remnants of forests e.g. in deep ravines (Newton &amp; FikáÞek, unpubl. data).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4805C803FFDE9E43FE5CFB7A36116344	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	FIKÁýEK, Martin;VONDRÁýEK, Dominik	FIKÁýEK, Martin, VONDRÁýEK, Dominik (2014): A review of Pseudorygmodus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae), with notes on the classification of the Anacaenini and on distribution of genera endemic to southern South America. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (2): 479-514, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5299198
