taxonID	type	description	language	source
481F878BFFC55B4A33CDFA9BFC0AFEFC.taxon	description	(Fig. 1) Species haec Calyptrantherae gautieri et C. pubipetalae similis lobis corollae distincte pubescentibus autem differt lobis coronae filiformibus et adscendentibus; ab illa etiam differt antherae connectivo dorso longe piloso, a hac connectivi lobo valde filiforme prolongato. TYPUS. — Madagascar. Province de Diego-Suarez / Antsiranana, sous-préfecture de Vohémar, commune rurale de Daraina, forêt de Binara, 13 ° 15 ’ S, 49 ° 37 ’ E, 910 m alt., 2005, P. Ranirison & L. Nusbaumer PR 995 (holo-, S!; iso-, G, TAN). DESCRIPTION Suffrutescent twiner c. 1.5 m long with younger branches densely covered by more or less straight to bent often retrorse rather stiff reddish hairs, glabrescent. Leaves somewhat coriaceous, shining green above, paler below; blade 10 - 13 × 3 - 4.5 cm, narrowly obovate to elliptic, cuneate at base, acuminate at apex, with reddish bent hairs beneath, glabrescent above or with a few remaining hairs especially along the midrib towards base, without colleters at the very base above; margin entire; venation pinnate and looped, reticulate; midrib when dry distinctly impressed above and raised beneath; secondary veins divaricate to right-angled and tertiary veins grossly reticulate, slightly raised on both sides when dry; epidermis ± smooth on both sides; petiole distinct, 1 - 2 cm long, with dense reddish mostly appressed hairs, glabrescent. Inflorescences extra-axillary, shorter than the adjacent leaves; cyme appearing umbel-like but actually with flowers in pairs with reduced internodes at a c. 1 cm long stalk, with 7 - 11 flowers, hairy; pedicels 3 - 4 cm long; bracts and bracteols narrow, 1.5 - 2 mm long. Calyx lobes united only at the very base, 2 - 2.5 × 0.7 - 0.9 mm, much longer than the corolla tube, triangular, acute, with reddish hairs outside, glabrous inside, with a small colleter at each lobe sinus. Corolla ellipsoidal in bud, contorted with the left lobe margin overlying, not or only slightly twisted, with the lobes fused at the base only into a short tube, greenish white in bud turning brownish pink when mature; tube c. 0.7 mm long, glabrous; lobes c. 8 × 3.4 mm, elliptic, acute at apex, ascending to rotate, glabrous outside, villous inside but glabrous along the right margin. Staminal column c. 4.5 mm high (c. 1.5 mm with projecting connectives excluded); filaments broad with short sclerified margins (anther wings) and with five cup-like projections below (pollinium entrances), united into a short cylinder at base; anthers with connectives much prolonged into filiform appendages grouped together basally in a column but diverging above, at lower half covered with dense short and sparser much longer hairs, upper half glabrous; filiform appendages c. 3 mm long; thecae yellow. Corona lobes filiform, c. 2.5 mm long, bent outwards-upwards, shorter than the prolonged connectives, glabrous. Pollinia ellipsoidal, c. 0.15 mm long, attached to minute soft corpuscula. Style narrow and cylindric at lower half but conical below the style-head, c. 0.6 mm high; style-head c. 0.5 mm high, with a discoid lower part that abruptly narrows into the style, and with a narrower and short shallowly bilobed upper part. Fruits unknown. HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION Calyptranthera villosa is known only from the type locality at Daraina in the northeastern part of Madagascar, found in dense humid forest at 910 m altitude. It was collected in flower in November.	en	Klackenberg, Jens (2007): Three new species of Calyptranthera (Apocynaceae, Secamonoideae) from Madagascar. Adansonia (3) 29 (1): 113-121, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5187204
481F878BFFC55B4A33CDFA9BFC0AFEFC.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Calyptranthera villosa has ascending, filiform corona lobes that are distinctly longer than the thecae. This structure is also characteristic for the large-flowered C. baronii Klack. and C. grandiflora Klack. In contrast, C. brevicaudata Klack., C. caudiclava (Choux) Klack., C. gautieri Klack. and C. pubipetala Klack. have short, spathulate and horizontal corona lobes. The remaining of the hitherto described species of this genus, C. schatziana Klack. from the Masoala peninsula, differs by having erect but only c. 1 mm long corona lobes, i. e. about as long as the thecae only. Although furnished with the ascending and filiform corona lobes, C. villosa is probably not closely related to C. baronii or C. grandiflora, but is with its hairy corolla lobes most similar to C. gautieri from the Manongarivo mountains c. 150 km SW of Daraina and to C. pubipetala from the Masoala peninsula c. 150 km S of Daraina, i. e. at relatively short distances from each other but phytogeographically separate. Calyptranthera pubipetala differs from C. villosa by lacking the much prolonged connectives. From C. gautieri it differs by having the corolla lobes densely and almost entirely pubescent inside with only the left margin glabrous, not half of the petal without indumentum as in C. gautieri. Furthermore C. villosa has distinctly hairy connectives, both with dense short hairs and with sparse but much longer straight hairs. See also C. sulphurea. The epithet of this species alludes to the thick indumentum of the petal lobes.	en	Klackenberg, Jens (2007): Three new species of Calyptranthera (Apocynaceae, Secamonoideae) from Madagascar. Adansonia (3) 29 (1): 113-121, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5187204
481F878BFFC75B4C31AEFEA1FF33FDA1.taxon	description	(Fig. 2) Species haec Calyptrantherae gautieri et C. pubipetalae similis lobis corollae distincte pubescentibus autem differt corolla sulphurea. TYPUS. — Madagascar. Province de Diego-Suarez / Antsiranana, sous-préfecture de Vohémar, commune rurale de Daraina, forêt de Binara, 13 ° 15 ’ S, 49 ° 37 ’ E, 802 m alt., 2005, L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison LN 1728 (holo-, G!). DESCRIPTION Suffrutescent twiner c. 1 m long with younger branches densely covered by more or less straight to bent often retrorse rather stiff reddish hairs, glabrescent. Leaves somewhat coriaceous, shining green above, paler below; blade 7 - 10 × 2.5 - 3.5 cm, elliptic, cuneate at base, acuminate at apex, with reddish bent hairs beneath, glabrous above, without colleters at the very base above; margin entire; venation pinnate and looped, reticulate; midrib when dry distinctly impressed above and raised beneath; secondary veins divaricate to right-angled and tertiary veins grossly reticulate, slightly raised on both sides when dry; epidermis ± smooth on both sides; petiole distinct, 0.5 - 1 cm long, with dense reddish mostly appressed hairs, glabrescent. Inflorescences extra-axillary, shorter than the adjacent leaves; cyme appearing umbel-like but actually with flowers in pairs with reduced internodes at a c. 1 cm long stalk, 3 - 5 flowered, hairy; pedicels c. 1 cm long; bracts and bracteols narrow, 1.5 - 3 mm long. Calyx lobes united only at the very base, c. 2.3 × 0.9 mm, much longer than the corolla tube, triangular, acute, with long reddish hairs outside, glabrous inside, with a small colleter at each lobe sinus. Corolla ellipsoidal in bud, contorted with the left lobe margin overlying, not or only slightly twisted, with the lobes fused at the base only into a short tube, greenish yellow with small purple dots at base; tube c. 0.3 mm long, glabrous; lobes c. 6.5 × 3 mm, elliptic, rounded to bluntly acute at apex, rotate, glabrous outside, with rather long and erect but sparse hairs along left margin (seen from above) and on the inside of lobe becoming denser towards base. Staminal column c. 2.8 mm high (c. 1 mm with projecting connectives excluded); filaments broad with short sclerified margins (anther wings) and with five cup-like projections below (pollinium entrances), united into a short cylinder at base; anthers with connectives much prolonged into yellow filiform appendages grouped together basally in a column but diverging above, papillate; filiform appendages c. 1.8 mm long; thecae distinctly papillate, reddish brown. Corona lobes filiform, c. 0.8 mm long, ± horizontal, much shorter than the prolonged connectives, papillate. Pollinia ellipsoidal, c. 0.2 mm long, attached to minute soft corpuscula. Gynoecium not studied. Fruits unknown. HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION Calyptranthera sulphurea is known only from the type locality at Daraina in the northeastern part of Madagascar, found in dense humid forest at 800 m altitude. It was collected in flower in December.	en	Klackenberg, Jens (2007): Three new species of Calyptranthera (Apocynaceae, Secamonoideae) from Madagascar. Adansonia (3) 29 (1): 113-121, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5187204
481F878BFFC75B4C31AEFEA1FF33FDA1.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Calyptranthera sulphurea has yellow flowers. In contrast, all other species of Calyptranthera are basically reddish, from pale rose or almost white to lavender and purple or dull brown. In addition to the yellow flowers this species differs from the sympatric C. villosa by its smaller staminal column, the shorter and more or less horizontal corona lobes, by its connectives lacking long hairs on dorsal side and by the much less hairy corolla lobes. Furthermore, the thecae are reddish brown in C. sulphurea, yellow in C. villosa. The pubescence of the corolla lobes is not seen without magnification, whereas in C. villosa the white (when dry) indumentum completely covers the adaxial side of the lobes. The epithet of this species alludes to the yellow flowers.	en	Klackenberg, Jens (2007): Three new species of Calyptranthera (Apocynaceae, Secamonoideae) from Madagascar. Adansonia (3) 29 (1): 113-121, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5187204
481F878BFFC15B4133CCFD62FB98FD9E.taxon	description	(Fig. 3) Species haec Calyptrantherae caudiclavae similis lobis coronae spathulatis et connectivi lobis filiforme prolongatis, autem differt pedicellis longioribus, connectivi lobis valde prolongatis, floribus majoribus, et lobis corollae parum pubescentibus. TYPUS. — Madagascar. Province de Fianarantsoa, S of Farafangana near Manombo Reserve, 23 ° 03 ’ 20 ’’ S, 47 ° 40 ’ 24 ’’ E, 70 m alt., 2001, McPherson & Rabenantoandro 18448 (holo-, S!; iso-, MO!, TEF). DESCRIPTION Suffrutescent twiner with younger branches densely covered by erect reddish hairs, glabrescent. Leaves somewhat coriaceous, shining green above, paler below; blade 6 - 9 × 3 - 4 cm, elliptic to obovate, cuneate at the base, acuminate to apiculate at apex, pubescent with reddish hairs beneath, when young sparsely so also above but here soon becoming glabrous, without colleters at the very base above; margin entire; venation pinnate and looped, reticulate; midrib when dry distinctly impressed above and raised beneath; primary veins divaricate to right-angled and secondary veins grossly reticulate, slightly raised on both sides when dry; epidermis ± smooth on both sides; petiole distinct, 0.5 - 1 cm long, with dense reddish mostly appressed hairs. Inflorescences extra-axillary, about as long as the adjacent leaves or shorter; cyme with few flowers in pairs near the apex with short internodes and with distinct scars of earlier flower-pairs below, hairy; pedicels 3 - 4 cm long; bracts and bracteols narrow, 1.5 - 2 mm long. Calyx lobes united only at the very base, c. 3 × 1.2 mm, much longer than the corolla tube, triangular to slightly ovate, acute, with reddish hairs outside, glabrous inside, without colleters at the lobe sinuses. Corolla ellipsoidal in bud, contorted with the left lobe margin overlying, not or only slightly twisted, with the lobes fused at the base only into a short tube, dull pale brown with dull red patches surrounding white centre; tube c. 0.5 mm long, glabrous; lobes c. 15 × 7 mm, elliptic, bluntly acute at apex, probably rotate, glabrous outside, finely hairy at basal half inside particularly along the veins and with a patch of straight erect longer white hairs near the base fenced by a submarginal c. 1 mm long row of long distinct somewhat bulbous hairs at each side, with 3 - 5 parallel veins. Staminal column c. 15 mm high (c. 2.5 mm with projecting connectives excluded); filaments broad with short sclerified margins (anther wings) and with five cup-like projections below (pollinium entrance), united into a distinct cylinder at base; thecae finely papillate; connectives much prolonged, at base dorsi-ventrally flattened and narrowly triangular standing together in form of a cone, apically narrowing into 5 free very thin c. 13 mm long filiform club-shaped appendages. Corona lobes club-shaped, c. 0.6 mm long, horizontal, much shorter than the connectives, glabrous but with warty surface. Pollinia ellipsoidal, c. 0.2 mm long, attached to minute soft corpuscula. Style narrow and cylindric at lower half but conical below the stylehead, c. 1.5 mm high; style-head c. 0.5 mm high, with a discoid lower part with 5 pads supporting the pollinia in between and with a narrower and short upper rounded part. Fruits unknown. HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION Calyptranthera filifera is known only from the type locality south of Farafangana in the southern part of the Malagasy east coast. It was found in disturbed forest at 70 m altitude in flower in November.	en	Klackenberg, Jens (2007): Three new species of Calyptranthera (Apocynaceae, Secamonoideae) from Madagascar. Adansonia (3) 29 (1): 113-121, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5187204
481F878BFFC15B4133CCFD62FB98FD9E.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Calyptranthera filifera shares several characters with C. caudiclava and is thought to be closely related to this taxon. Both species have spathulate and horizontal corona lobes, prolonged connectives that C, basally are dorsi-ventrally flattened and form a cone (calyptra) above the thecae, but apically transform to long and filiform and somewhat club-shaped appendages. They also share the character of having two submarginal straight lines of bulbous hairs near the base of the corolla lobes (Fig. 3 D), as well as having the basal part of the filaments, i. e. the part below the cup-shaped entrances for the pollinia, united into a distinct tube (Fig. 3 E). Calyptranthera filifera differs, however, by having larger flowers, twice as long pedicels, shorter connectival cone (calyptra) formed by triangular parts, and exceedingly delicate connectival appendages. Furthermore, C. filifera is finely pubescent over a large part of the petals, C. caudiclava having completely glabrous petals except for the patch of longer hairs at the base of the lobes which is characteristic for both species. Calyptranthera schatziana Klack. from the Masoala peninsula further north along the east coast, is similar to C. filifera by having rather large flowers on long pedicels. Calyptranthera schatziana, however, differs by having erect and narrow, although short, corona lobes (vs. horizontal and club-shaped corona lobes in C. filifera). Calyptranthera filifera differs also by its very long and filiform connectival appendages, that furthermore are dorsi-ventrally flattened and triangularly broadened at base, forming a short calyptra immediately above the thecae. In C. schatziana these appendages are filiform all along to the base. The epithet of this species alludes to the very long and delicate connectival appendages.	en	Klackenberg, Jens (2007): Three new species of Calyptranthera (Apocynaceae, Secamonoideae) from Madagascar. Adansonia (3) 29 (1): 113-121, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5187204
