identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4F248367DB5D5C319ADBFEA636B98710.text	4F248367DB5D5C319ADBFEA636B98710.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pachyseius destitutus	<div><p>Pachyseius destitutus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1–6, 19–21)</p><p>Diagnosis. Dorsal shield bearing 29 pairs of long and pointed setae, z1 absent; anterior margin of ventri-anal shield conspicuously concave, with three pairs of pre-anal setae, post-anal seta longer than other ventri-anal setae; anterolateral margins of ventrianal shield closely adjacent to relatively long and narrow metapodal shield; presternal shields absent; peritrematal shields fused with exopodal shields, their posterior ends reaching beyond coxae IV; soft integument between peritrematal shields and anterolateral margins of ventri-anal shield with one pair of small oval platelets; epigynal shield reduced in size, relatively small, posterior margin with a transverse row of four elongate platelets and a pair of small oval platelets; lateral and opisthogastric soft integument with 11 pairs of setae.</p><p>Specimens examined. Holotype female, Trabzon Province, Demirkapı Village, 40°34'23'' N, 40°24'06'' E, alt. 1740 m, 17 June 2014, litter under Pinus sp. Paratypes: 16 females, same data as holotype.</p><p>Female. Dorsum (Fig. 1). Dorsal shield 485–535 long, 275–300 wide at widest point, oblong (length/width, 1.70–1.78), ornamented with net-like pattern, and bearing 29 pairs of mostly long and pointed needle-like setae, setae z1 absent (Fig. 19); setae j1 shortest, 10–12; j2 34–50; j3, s4, s5, and Z1 70–75; z6 60–65; J 5 22–28, other dorsal setae 35–60; a pair of lyrifissures near bases of j2; slit-like gland pores gdj3 present between seta j2 and s2; anterior ends of peritremes extending forward beyond level of gdj3.</p><p>Venter (Fig. 2). Pre-sternal shields absent. Sternal shield 135–145 long, 65–75 wide at level of coxae II; central region ornamented with punctate polygonal lines; carrying three pairs of pointed needle-like setae and two pairs of lyrifissures, edges of shield strongly sclerotised. Length of sternal setae st 1-3 20–28. Metasternal shields small, each bearing a metasternal seta (18–22) and a poroid. Epigynal shield 58–65 long, 70–85 wide at widest point, with punctate ornamentation, and a row of four elongate platelets and a pair of small oval platelets along its posterior margin; genital pores situated outside postero-lateral margins of shield, genital setae length 18–22. Ventri-anal shield with a concave anterior margin (Fig. 20) 182–210 long, 182–200 wide at widest point (length/width, 0.95– 1.07), with polygonal ornamentation, bearing three pairs of pointed pre-anal setae (Jv1 and Jv2, 20–25; Jv3 shorter, 14–16), a pair of longer para-anal setae (28–30), and a long postanal seta (30–38). Peritrematal shields fused with exopodal shields, with four pairs of small post-stigmatal pores, their posterior ends rounded, enclosing posterior margins of coxae IV and extending medially almost to genital setae. Opisthogastric soft integument between peritrematal shields and anterolateral margins of ventri-anal shield with one pair of oval platelets. Metapodal shields elongated (60–62 long) and very close to anterolateral margins of ventri-anal shield. Lateral and opisthogastric soft integument bearing 11 pairs of setae (15–22).</p><p>Gnathosoma (Fig. 3). Corniculi short and horn-like; hypostomal seta h3 longest (45–52), h2 shortest (10–14), and h 1 23–27 long; pc 15–19 long; deutosternal groove with five rows of denticles and two smooth transverse lines (Fig. 21). Palp with 3-tined apotele. Anterior and lateral margins of epistome denticulate (Fig. 4). Cheliceral digits slender, movable digit about 45 long, with two subdistal teeth and an terminal hook, fixed digit about 40 long (to dorsal seta), medially edentate, terminally with bidentate hook; pilus dentilis minute; arthrodial brush short (Fig. 5).</p><p>Spermathecal apparatus . Spermathecal tubes not visible in the available specimens.</p><p>Legs. Chaetotaxy: Leg I. Coxa 0 0/2 0, trochanter 1 1/3 1, femur 2 5/4 2, genu 2 5/3 2, tibia 2 5/3 2. Leg II. Coxa 0 0/2 0, trochanter 1 0/3 1, femur 2 5/3 1, genu 2 5/2 2, tibia 2 4/2 2, tarsus 3 7/5 3. Leg III. Coxa 0 0/2 0, trochanter 1 0/3 1, femur 1 3/1 1, genu 2 4/1 1, tibia 1 3/2 1, tarsus 3 7/5 3. Leg IV. Coxa 0 0/1 0, trochanter 1 0/3 1, femur 1 3/1 1, genu 2 4/1 1, tibia 1 3/2 1, tarsus 3 7/5 3. Tarsus II with one large spur-like seta (Fig. 6).</p><p>Etymology. The name destitutus, lacking, refers to the loss of dorsal shield seta z 1 in this species.</p><p>Notes. The new species may be easily distinguished from the other congeners by the dorsal shield with 29 pairs of setae, z1 absent, and the peritrematal shields fused with all the exopodal shields. The only other species of Pachyseius that lacks seta z1 is P. cavernicola (we have examined the holotype of P. cavernicola, and confirm that z1 setae are absent), but these two species are clearly distinguished by the number of pre-anal setae (two pairs in P. cavernicola, three in P. destitutus), the different length and form of the dorsal shield setae (spatulate in P. cavernicola, pointed in P. destitutus), the shape of the epistome (broadly arched in P. cavernicola, narrower in P. destitutus), and the number of spur-like seta on tarsus II (two in P. cavernicola, one in P. destitutus). The collection of 17 females and no males, and the apparent absence of insemination structures in the females, suggests that P. destitutus may be thelytokous, but that is unconfirmed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F248367DB5D5C319ADBFEA636B98710	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Özbek, Hasan Hüseyin;Halliday, Bruce	Özbek, Hasan Hüseyin, Halliday, Bruce (2015): Two new species of Pachyseius Berlese (Acari: Pachylaelapidae) from Turkey, with a key to the world species. Zootaxa 3957 (1): 98-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.8
4F248367DB5F5C349ADBFBAD3788821D.text	4F248367DB5F5C349ADBFBAD3788821D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pachyseius quadrigeminus	<div><p>Pachyseius quadrigeminus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 7–18; 22)</p><p>Diagnosis. In female, peritrematal shields fused with exopodal shields; ventri-anal shield bearing four pairs of preanal setae; pre-sternal shields absent; area between peritrematal shields and anterolateral margins of ventri-anal shield with two pairs of oval platelets, lateral and opisthogastric soft integument with seven pairs of setae. In male, holoventral shield present, opisthogastric region of shield with four pairs of ventral setae; spermatodactyl 90–110 long, and distally narrowed. Tarsus II with two spur-like setae.</p><p>Specimens examined. Holotype female, Gümüşhane Province, Çıkrıkdüzü Wold, 40°39'58'' N, 38°59'50'' E, alt. 1990 m, 12 October 2013, litter under Abies sp. Paratypes: 2 females, same data as holotype; 1 female and 6 males; Gümüşhane Province, Kürtün Town, Örümcek Forest, 40°39'48'' N, 39°01'46'' E, alt. 1455 m, 1 June 2009, litter under Picea sp.; 1 female, Gümüşhane Province, Kürtün Town, Kızılali Wold, 40°48'17'' N, 39°04'04'' E, alt. 1555 m, 13 October 2013, litter under Rubus sp.</p><p>Female. Dorsum (Fig. 7). Dorsal shield 600–676 long, 310–368 wide at widest point, oblong (length/width, 1.71–1.94), ornamented with reticulate pattern, carrying 30 pairs of setae, all smooth and pointed; setae z1 shortest (8–10); j 1 15–20; z2, s2, r3 and J5 distinctly longer (30–40), other dorsal setae 20–30 long; a pair of lyrifissures present between j2 and z1; a pair of slit-like gland pores gdj3 present between seta z1 and z2. Anterior ends of peritremes reaching or extending beyond level of z1.</p><p>Venter (Fig. 8). Pre-sternal shields absent. Sternal shield 140–152 long, 80–90 wide at level of coxae II, central region ornamented with punctate polygonal lines, carrying three pairs of smooth pointed setae and two pairs of lyrifissures, edges of shield strongly sclerotised. Length of setae st 1–3 25–36. Metasternal shields very small, each bearing a metasternal seta (20–25) and a poroid. Epigynal shield 85–95 long, 100–110 wide at widest point, with punctate ornamentation; one pair of elongate platelets on its posterior margin; genital pores situated outside shield; genital setae length 23–27. Ventri-anal shield (Fig. 22) longer than wide, 248–270 long, 208–233 wide at widest point (length/width 1.10–1.21), reticulated with punctate lines, and bearing four pairs of sub-equal pre-anal setae (20–30), a pair of longer para-anal setae (30–35) and a long post-anal seta (40–46). Peritrematal shields fused with exopodal shields, with two pairs of small post-stigmatal pores and truncated posterior margin, their posterior ends rounded, enclosing posterior margins of coxae IV and extending beyond level of genital setae. Soft integument between peritrematal shields and anterolateral margins of ventri-anal shield with two pairs of oval platelets. Metapodal shields elongate (60–65 long) and not well separated from anterolateral margins of ventri-anal shield. Lateral and opisthogastric soft integument bearing seven pairs of setae (15–25).</p><p>Gnathosoma (Fig. 9). Subcapitulum with four pairs of setae, all smooth and needle-like, h3 longest (48–52), h2 shortest (12–15), setae pc 18–22 long, h 1 26–30 long. Deutosternum wide, with five long transverse rows of denticles. Corniculi horn-like. Palp with 3-tined apotele. Anterior and lateral margins of tongue-shaped epistome denticulate (Fig. 10). Cheliceral digits slender, movable digit 54–58 long, with two subdistal teeth and a terminal hook; arthrodial brush short; fixed digit 40–45 long (to dorsal seta), with a single submedial tooth and bidentate terminal hook; pilus dentilis not seen (Fig. 11).</p><p>Spermathecal apparatus . Spermathecal tubes long and fine, associated with coxae III (Fig. 12).</p><p>Legs. Chaetotaxy: Leg I. Coxa 0 0/2 0, trochanter 1 1/3 1, femur 2 5/4 2, genu 2 5/3 2, tibia 2 5/3 2. Leg II. Coxa 0 0/2 0, trochanter 1 0/3 1, femur 2 5/3 1, genu 2 5/2 2, tibia 2 4/2 2, tarsus 3 7/5 3. Leg III. Coxa 0 0/2 0, trochanter 1 0/3 1, femur 1 3/1 1, genu 2 4/1 1, tibia 1 3/2 1, tarsus 3 7/5 3. Leg IV. Coxa 0 0/1 0, trochanter 1 0/3 1, femur 1 3/1 1, genu 2 4/1 1, tibia 1 3/2 1, tarsus 3 7/5 3. Tarsus II with two large spur like setae (Fig. 13). Male. Dorsum. Dorsal shield 510–558 long, 313–342 wide at widest point, oblong (length/width, 1.59–1.66), ornamented with reticulate pattern. Other features as in female.</p><p>Venter (Fig. 14). Holoventral shield present, 423–464 long, 80–85 wide at level of coxae II; sternal region with punctate-reticulate ornamentation, and bearing five pairs of needle-like setae and three pairs of lyrifissures; opisthogastric portion of shield ornamented with punctate polygonal lines, with four pairs of setae (15–28); anal portion with a pair of para-anal setae (25–30) and longer post-anal seta (35–40). Peritrematal shields connected to holoventral shield. Other features as in female.</p><p>Gnathosoma. Epistome triangular, with denticulate anterior margin (Fig. 15). Movable digit of chelicera 60–65 long, with a larger subterminal tooth and bidentate terminal hook; spermatodactyl directed posteriorly, 90–110 long, and distally narrowed; fixed digit about 46 long (to dorsal seta), slender, edentate and with a minute pilus dentilis; arthrodial brush short (Fig. 16).</p><p>Legs. Femur II with well-developed ventral spur, genu II and tibia II each with smaller ventral spur (Fig. 17); tarsus II with two spur-like dorsal setae (Fig. 18).</p><p>Etymology. The name quadrigeminus, four pairs, refers to the presence of four pairs of setae on the ventri-anal shield, in addition to the circumanal setae.</p><p>Notes. The new species is easily distinguishable from the other congeners by the ventri-anal shield with four pairs of pre-anal setae, peritrematal shields fused with exopodal shields, and the male with a holoventral shield.</p><p>The ventri-anal shield in Pachyseius usually has two or three pairs of pre-anal setae. Only P. sinicus has four pairs, but according to Özbek &amp; Halliday (2014), two of these pairs are on the extreme lateral edges of the shield, where their positions may show intra-specific or artificial variation. All of our females of P. quadrigeminus sp. nov. carry four pairs of setae, and they are well inside the lateral edges of the shield.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F248367DB5F5C349ADBFBAD3788821D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Özbek, Hasan Hüseyin;Halliday, Bruce	Özbek, Hasan Hüseyin, Halliday, Bruce (2015): Two new species of Pachyseius Berlese (Acari: Pachylaelapidae) from Turkey, with a key to the world species. Zootaxa 3957 (1): 98-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.8
4F248367DB5A5C359ADBF94531DA848C.text	4F248367DB5A5C359ADBF94531DA848C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pachyseius	<div><p>Key to females of the world species of Pachyseius</p><p>1. Peritrematal shields fused with exopodal shields II–IV or only exopodal shields IV................................. 2</p><p>- Peritrematal shields free, not fused with exopodal shields..................................................... 10</p><p>2. Dorsal shield bearing 29 pairs of setae, z1 absent............................................................. 3</p><p>- Dorsal shield bearing 30 pairs of setae, z1 present............................................................ 4</p><p>3. Most dorsal shield setae with expanded spatulate tips, ventri-anal shield with two pairs of setae...................................................................................................... P. cavernicola Ishikawa, 1989</p><p>- All dorsal shield setae fine, pointed, needle-like, ventri-anal shield with three pairs of setae........... P. destitutus sp. nov.</p><p>4. Anterior margin of sternal shield with a pair of pointed horn-like projections anterior to setae st1 ...................... 5</p><p>- Anterior margin of sternal shield straight or curved, but without a pair of horn-like projections........................ 7</p><p>5. Opisthogastric soft integument between peritrematal shields and anterolateral margins of ventri-anal shield without any plate-</p><p>lets; anterior margin of epistome truncate; small species, length described as 526 Μm...................................................................................................... P. huanrenensis Chen, Bai &amp; Gao, 2009 - Opisthogastric soft integument between peritrematal shields and anterolateral margins of ventri-anal shield with platelets; anterior margin of epistome triangular and pointed; larger species, length more than 600 Μm............................. 6</p><p>6. Lateral and opisthogastric soft integument with 11 pairs of setae; anterior margin of epistome not serrated, triangular, without a sharp point; one pair of distinct platelets present between peritrematal shields and anterolateral margins of ventri-anal shield; anterior dorsal shield setae long; j3 longer than distance j3–j4; j4 longer than distance j3–j4; z5 longer than distance z5–z6 ............................................................................ P. sinicus Yin, Lu &amp; Lan, 1986</p><p>- Lateral and opisthogastric soft integument with five pairs of setae; anterior margin of epistome serrated, triangular, produced into a sharp point; two pairs of distinct platelets present between peritrematal shields and anterolateral margins of ventri-anal shield; anterior dorsal shield setae short; j3 shorter than distance j3–j4; j4 shorter than distance j3–j4; z5 shorter than distance z5–z6........................................................................ P . chenpengi Ma &amp; Yin, 2000</p><p>7. Metasternal plates fused with sternal shield to form a sternal-metasternal complex bearing four pairs of setae........................................................................................ P. morazae Mašán &amp; Mihál, 2007</p><p>- Metasternal setae on separate metasternal plates, sternal shield with three pairs of setae.............................. 8</p><p>8. Metapodal plates greatly expanded and ornamented, widest anteriorly, their anterior ends abutting exopodal plates IV.......................................................................... P. pachylaelapoides Mašán &amp; Mihál, 2007</p><p>- Metapodal plates long and narrow, not greatly expanded, widely separated from ventri-anal and exopodal shields......... 9</p><p>9. Pre-sternal shields present; ventri-anal shield with three pairs of setae.................... P. cicaki Mašán &amp; Mihál, 2007</p><p>- Pre-sternal shield absent; ventri-anal shield with four pairs of setae.......................... P. quadrigeminus sp. nov.</p><p>10. Ventri-anal shield with three pairs of setae................................................................. 11</p><p>- Ventri-anal shield with two pairs of setae.................................................................. 16</p><p>11. Almost all dorsal shield setae slightly spatulate............................................ P. iraola Moraza, 1993</p><p>- All dorsal shield setae fine and needle-like................................................................. 12</p><p>12. Pre-sternal area with a pair of well-defined sclerotised pre-sternal plates, clearly separated from sternal shield by a strip of unsclerotised soft skin.................................................... P. crymophilus Mašán &amp; Fenďa, 2014</p><p>- Pre-sternal area weakly granulate-reticulate; anterior margin of this weakly sclerotised area may be more distinct, but always connected to sternal shield by an area of granular ornamentation............................................... 13</p><p>13. Ventri-anal shield triangular, widest anterior to setae Jv2 ...................................................... 14</p><p>- Ventri-anal shield oval-shaped, widest posterior to setae Jv2 ................................................... 15</p><p>14. Metapodal shields closely abutting anterolateral margins of ventri-anal shield subequal in length and width (length/width: 0.96–1.07); lateral and ventral soft integument with nine pairs of setae................. P. wideventris Afifi &amp; Nasr, 1984</p><p>- Metapodal shields and lateral margins of ventri-anal shield well separated; ventri-anal shield longer than wide (length/width: 1.08–1.28); lateral and ventral soft integument with eight pairs of setae...................... P. humeralis Berlese, 1910</p><p>15. Anterior dorsal shield setae short; j3 not long enough to reach j2 or edge of shield, z2 not long enough to reach edge of shield; anterior end of peritreme clearly extending beyond gdj3; ornamentation on ventri-anal shield punctate-lineate over entire shield.................................................................... P. masani Özbek &amp; Halliday, 2014</p><p>- Anterior dorsal shield setae long; j3 long enough to reach j2 and edge of shield, z2 long enough to reach edge of shield; anterior end of peritreme level with gdj3; ornamentation on ventri-anal shield very faint or absent in central area of shield............................................................................................ P. slavicus Mašán, 2007</p><p>16. Metapodal plates small and oval, fused with and partly enclosed by edges of ventri-anal shield.................................................................................................... P. strandtmanni Solomon, 1982</p><p>- Metapodal plates much longer than wide, not fused to ventri-anal shield, posterior ends may be abutting ventri-anal shield. 17</p><p>17. Distinct pre-sternal shields present....................................................................... 18</p><p>- Distinct pre-sternal shields absent........................................................................ 20</p><p>18. Peritrematal shield posteriorly truncated, not expanded at level of stigma; large post-stigmatal pore located posterior to stigma; lateral and opisthogastric soft integument with 19 pairs of setae.................... P. siranensis Özbek &amp; Halliday, 2014</p><p>- Peritrematal shield posteriorly not truncated, and expanded at level of stigma; large post-stigmatal pore located lateral to stigma; lateral and opisthogastric soft integument with 11–12 pairs of setae....................................... 19</p><p>19. Tarsus II with two spur-like setae, lateral and opisthogastric soft integument with 11 pairs of setae.................................................................................................. P. anisimovi Marchenko, 2015</p><p>- Tarsus II with one spur-like setae, lateral and opisthogastric soft integument with 12 pairs of setae.................................................................................................... P. orientalis Nikolsky, 1982</p><p>20. Posterior ends of peritrematal shields not reaching posterior level of exopodal plates IV............................. 21</p><p>- Posterior ends of peritrematal shields reaching posterior level of exopodal plates IV................................ 22</p><p>21. Ventri-anal shield wide anteriorly, narrower posterior to setae Jv2 ............................ P. morenoi Moraza, 1993</p><p>- Ventri-anal shield narrow anteriorly, widest posterior to setae Jv2 ...................... P. angustiventris Willmann, 1935</p><p>22. Anterior half of ventri-anal shield clearly wider than posterior half, its postero-lateral margins concave; epistome anteriorly narrowed, cone-shaped; tarsus II one spur-like seta....................................... P. friedrichi Mašán, 2008</p><p>- Anterior half of ventri-anal shield only slightly wider than posterior half, its lateral margins convex; epistome anteriorly truncated; tarsus II two spur-like setae...................................................... P. angustus Hyatt, 1956</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F248367DB5A5C359ADBF94531DA848C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Özbek, Hasan Hüseyin;Halliday, Bruce	Özbek, Hasan Hüseyin, Halliday, Bruce (2015): Two new species of Pachyseius Berlese (Acari: Pachylaelapidae) from Turkey, with a key to the world species. Zootaxa 3957 (1): 98-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.8
4F248367DB545C3A9ADBFF5131DA82C0.text	4F248367DB545C3A9ADBFF5131DA82C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pachyseius	<div><p>Key to males of the world species of Pachyseius</p><p>1. Peritrematal shield fused exopodal shields; holoventral shield present; spermatodactyl long and pointed tip............................................................................................... P. quadrigeminus sp. nov.</p><p>- Peritrematal shields free, not fused with exopodal shields; sternogenital and ventri-anal shields present; spermatodactyl short and with truncate tip................................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Almost all dorsal shield setae slightly spatulate; anterior section of ventri-anal shield well expanded, much longer than posterior section of sternogenital shield...................................................... P. iraola Moraza, 1993</p><p>- Almost all dorsal shield setae needle like; anterior part of ventri-anal shield equal length to posterior section of sternogenital shield....................................................................... P. anisimovi Marchenko, 2015</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F248367DB545C3A9ADBFF5131DA82C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Özbek, Hasan Hüseyin;Halliday, Bruce	Özbek, Hasan Hüseyin, Halliday, Bruce (2015): Two new species of Pachyseius Berlese (Acari: Pachylaelapidae) from Turkey, with a key to the world species. Zootaxa 3957 (1): 98-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.8
