taxonID	type	description	language	source
4C5687B4FF9BFF80E543E863FA4BF99B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male holoptic. Body black in general color, bright silvery grey-dusting pruinosity on thorax and abdomen (Figs. 1 - 3). Frontal vitta, antenna and palp black. Gena and parafacialia black with silvery pruinosity (Figs. 1 a, 2 a, d, 3 a, d, g). Anepimeron, anepisternum, and meron black, silvery pruinose (Figs. 2 c, f). Prescutellar region, and postalar callus pruinose. Scutellum apically pruinose. Apical scutellar setae longer than basal and discal scutellar setae. Abdomen with 3 subtriangular dark spots basally connected on each abdominal tergite (Fig. 3 c). Arista short pubescent. Presence of a keel on face, between antennae. Prosternum and katepimeron setulose. Meron bare or posteriorly setulose below spiracle. Katepisternum 1 + 2, covered by many long setae, including a differentiated seta discernible below the two posteriors one. Apex of scutellum ventrally setulose. Prealar short or absent. 1 supra-alars. 2 intra-alars. 2 postalars. Wing hyaline. Lower calypter 1.5 times larger than upper one. Fore tibia with one a seta. Hind tibia with 1 av (submedian), 2 ad (supramedian and submedian), 1 d (preapical), and a long pd (submedian) seta. Pulville small, similar to tarsomere width. Subcostal vein evenly bowed towards the Costal vein, without any sinuosity. Vein dm-m straight. Palpi claviform. Sternite 1 setulose. Sternite 5 with a serrated edge on its posterior incision (Figs. 4 a, e, i, m, q). Cerci triangular on posterior view (Figs. 4 b, f, j, n, r). Pregonite with two long setae, postgonite with a median long seta and distiphallus very large and rounded (Figs. 4 d, h, l, p, t). Female: Dichoptic; body dark brown, palpi claviform, twice enlarged than male; interfrontal setae present. Thorax with 3 - 5 longitudinal stripes. Katepisternum 1 + 2, without several long covered setae. Pulville smaller, about half of tarsomere width. Epiproct as long as its wide, tergite 6 and 7 T-shaped dorsally (Figs. 5 b, e, h, k). Hypoproct longer than wide, sternite 6 and 7 trapezoid (Figs. 5 c, f, i, l). Three spermathecae, one smaller with about half diameter of the others.	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF9BFF80E543E863FA4BF99B.taxon	discussion	The Palaearctic species C. nigricans Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 was erroneously recorded from Neotropical Region (Pont, 1974), and C. monticola Bigot, 1885 occurs in the Nearctic Region of Mexico and United States (Griffiths, 1987). Both species were not included in the key. The species C. costana Séguy, 1934 is only known from its type-locality in Uruguay, this species probably is not an Anthomyiidae, due to male terminalia and dorsocentrals setae 2 + 4, and also was not included in the key.	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF98FF84E650EA0EFECCF94C.taxon	description	(Figs. 1, 4 a-d, 6)	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF98FF84E650EA0EFECCF94C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Calythea andina new species can be separated from the other species of the genus in having the distance between the presutural acrostichal rows, at least the two first pairs of setae, similar to the distance to dorsocentral rows; calypters white, with apical half of upper calypter brownish, calypter margin basally brownish.	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF98FF84E650EA0EFECCF94C.taxon	description	Description. Male holotype. Body length: 4.5 mm. Wing length: 4.5 mm. Thorax black, silvery pruinose on postpronotal lobe and notopleuron; pronotum pruinose basally, parallel to notopleural suture and extending to transverse suture (Fig. 1 b). Calypters white with basal edge brown and apical edge white. Halter basally brownish and yellow apically. Legs black with pulvillus yellowish. Abdomen black, silvery pruinose on tergites 2 - 5, forming two dorsal almost triangular spots, segments 3 and 4 with prolonged spots laterally and apically. Head. Eyes bare. Frontal vitta very narrow, distance between eyes shorter than width of anterior ocellus (Fig. 1 a). 4 - 5 pairs of frontal setae. Face projecting beyond frontal angle. Gena shorter than length of pedicel. Parafacialia very narrow, with about 1 / 5 of postpedicel width. Postpedicel twice longer than pedicel. Pedicel with long dorsal setae, shorter than pedicel. Thorax. 2 postpronotals; dorsocentrals 2 + 3; acrostichals 4 + 8 setulaelike, with only prescutellar developed; prealar absent. Anepisternum with row of 4 posterior setae and upward anterior seta below anterior notopleural seta. Scutellum with a pair of basal, preapical and apical setae; apical seta almost twice as long as basal seta. Meron with a tuft of 4 - 5 setulae. Katepimeron with 7 - 8 setulae. Legs. Fore tibia with 1 submedian p seta; 1 preapical d seta, and 1 apical pv; fore pretarsus with 1 basal v seta. Mid femur with 4 v setae at base; and 2 p preapical setae; midtibia with 1 median pv seta, 1 submedian p seta; preapical seta on av, d, pv, and v. Hind femur with 2 av rows, 1 long and stout and 1 long fine; 2 ad, 2 d, and 1 pd preapicals; 1 pv row long and sparse setae; hind tibia with a submedian av, 1 supramedian and 1 submedian ad, and a long submedian pd seta three times longer than tibia width; preapical seta on av and d; hind pretarsus with 1 basal v seta. Abdomen. With many covered setulae; sternite 1 setulose, setulae twice longer than length of sternite; tergite 3 - 5 with long median and lateral marginal seta, terminal segment with apical and discal setae; sternite 5 rectangular with a serrated edge on its posterior incision (Fig. 4 a). Terminalia. Cerci triangular from posterior view (Fig. 4 b); surstyli, from posterior view, long and straight with rounded median projection on inner surface (Fig. 4 b), and from lateral view, slightly curved and slightly enlarged apically (Fig. 4 c); Hypopygium on lateral view with phalapodema long and slightly curved, pregonite with two long setae, postgonite with median long seta and three apical setulae, epiphallus distally curved and as long as postgonite, distiphallus very large and rounded (Fig. 4 d). Female. Unknown.	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF98FF84E650EA0EFECCF94C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet andina refers to the Andean distribution of this species. The specific epithet andina (nominative, adjective feminine) is derived from the Andes Mountains, where the specimens were collected. Gender female.	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF98FF84E650EA0EFECCF94C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. Male. Ecuador. Imbabura, N. Perueho. Otavalo [0.2360, - 78.2622], 2000 m, L. E. Peña, i. 1971 (MZUSP). Paratypes (3 ♂♂). Colombia. Antioquia, Alejandría [6.3759, - 75.1414], A. Vélez, ii. 1972, # catal 2005 (CEUA); Ecuador. Imbabura, N. Perueho. Otavalo [0.2360, - 78.2622], 2000 m, L. E. Peña, i. 1971, (DZUP); Loja, La Toma, W. de Loja [- 4.0081, - 79.2110], 1500 m, L. E. Peña, xi. 1970 (MZUSP).	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF98FF84E650EA0EFECCF94C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Colombia and Ecuador (Fig. 6).	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF98FF84E650EA0EFECCF94C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. There are some male specimens from Costa Rica with 2 - 5 setulae on meron, which probably belong to this new species (V. Michelsen, pers. comm.).	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF9CFF85E561EB6CFD1BF9BA.taxon	description	(Figs. 2, 4 e-h, 5 a-c, 6)	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF9CFF85E561EB6CFD1BF9BA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Calythea cochlearis new species can be separated from the other species of the genus in having the distance between the presutural acrostichal rows, at least the two first pairs, longer than their distance to dorsocentral rows; and postgonite bilobate.	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF9CFF85E561EB6CFD1BF9BA.taxon	description	Description. Male holotype. Body length: 4.2 mm. Wing length: 4.0 mm. Thorax black, silvery pruinose on postpronotal lobe and notopleuron; pronotum pruinose basally parallel to notopleural suture and extending to transverse suture (Fig. 2 b). Calypters white with edge yellow. Halter basally brownish and yellow apically. Legs black with pulvillus yellowish. Abdomen black with silvery pruinose on tergites 2 - 5, forming two dorsal almost triangular spots, segments 3 and 4 with laterally and superiorly prolonged spots. Head. Eyes bare. Frontal vitta very narrow, distance between eyes shorter than width of anterior ocellus (Fig. 2 a). 6 - 7 pairs of frontal setae. Face projecting beyond frontal angle. Gena shorter than length of pedicel. Parafacialia very narrow, with about 1 / 5 of postpedicel width. Postpedicel twice longer than length of pedicel. Pedicel with a long dorsal seta, shorter than length of pedicel. Thorax. 2 postpronotals; dorsocentrals 2 + 3; acrostichals 4 + 8 setulaelike, with only the prescutellar developed; prealar absent. Anepisternum with a row of 4 posterior setae and an upward anterior seta below anterior notopleural seta. Scutellum with a pair of basal, preapical and apical setae; the apical seta almost twice as long as basal seta. Meron with a tuft of 4 - 6 setulae, located posteriorly below spiracle. Katepimeron with 6 - 9 setulae. Legs. Fore tibia with 1 submedian p seta; 1 preapical d seta, and 1 apical pv; fore pretarsus with 1 basal v seta. Mid femur with 4 v setae at base; and 2 p preapical setae; midtibia with 1 median pv seta, 1 submedian p seta; preapical seta on av, d, pv, and v. Hind femur with 2 av rows, 1 long and stout and 1 long fine; 2 ad, 2 d, and 1 pd preapicals; 1 pv row long and sparce setae; hind tibia with a submedian av, 1 supramedian and 1 submedian ad, and a long submedian pd seta three times longer than tibia width; preapical seta on av and d; hind pretarsus with 1 basal v seta. Abdomen. With many covered setulae; sternite 1 setulose, setulae slightly longer than length of sternite; tergite 3 - 5 with long median and lateral marginal seta, terminal segment with apical and discal setae; sternite 5 quadrangular with a serrated edge on its posterior incision (Fig. 4 e). Terminalia. Cerci triangular from posterior view (Fig. 4 f); surstyli, from posterior view, long and straight with an acute median projection on inner surface (Fig. 4 f), and from lateral view, slightly curved and enlarged apically (spoon-like) (Fig. 4 g); Hypopygium on lateral view with phalapodema long and slightly curved, pregonite with two long setae, postgonite bilobate with a median long seta and two apical setulae, epiphallus as long as postgonite, distiphallus very large and rounded (Fig. 4 h). Female. Similar to male, except: Body length: 4.0 - 4.5 mm. Wing length: 3.8 - 4.0 mm. Thorax with 3 conspicuous dorsal stripes, the central stripe twice wider than the laterals and exceeding the line of acrostichal setae; and 2 dotted strips on dorsocentral setae region between the central stripe and the laterals (Fig. 2 e). Scutellum fully covered by pruinose, except basally on lateral region and dorsally on the basal third. Anepisternum with a row of 3 posterior setae. Meron with a tuft of 3 - 4 setulae, located posteriorly below spiracle. Katepimeron with 4 - 5 setulae. Terminalia with cerci dilated distally, with long setae; epiproct subtriangular, as long as its wide; hypoproct subconical, twice longer than its wide; sternite 6 and 7 trapezoid; tergite 6 and 7 T-shaped dorsally; sternite 8 as long as tergite 8 (Fig. 5 a-c).	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF9CFF85E561EB6CFD1BF9BA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the spoon-like shape of the surstyli in lateral view (latin word cochlearis = spoon). Gender neuter.	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF9CFF85E561EB6CFD1BF9BA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. Brazil. Paraná. Jundiaí do Sul, Fazenda Monte Verde [- 23.423531, - 50.281910], Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR, Malaise trap, 22. ix. 1986 (DZUP 099249). Paratypes (n = 55). Argentina: Tucumán, V. Padre Monti, Burruyacú [- 26.4998, - 64.7412], R. Golbach, 17. i – 7. ii. 1948, 1 ♂ (DZUP); Brazil: Maranhão. Parque Estadual Mirador, Base da Geraldina [- 6.623888, - 45.869166], J. A. Rafael & F. L. Oliveira, 28 – 30. ix. 2006, 1 ♀ (INPA); Mato Grosso do Sul. Bodoquena Fazenda California [- 20.698333, - 51.881955], Van Someren modified, Lamas, C. J. E., 07 – 08. viii. 2011, 1 ♀ (MZUSP); Minas Gerais. Araxá [- 19.5934, - 46.9411], C. T. & C. Elias, 22. xi. 1965, 1 ♂ (DZUP 099242); Viçosa [- 20.7536, - 42.8761], G. R. Lima, 12. viii. 1986 (Nº 68), 1 ♂ (DZUP); Paraná. Guarapuava, Est. Sta. Clara [- 25.632814, - 51.964977], Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR, 15. ix. 1986, 1 ♀ (DZUP 099273); Jundiaí do Sul, Fazenda Monte Verde [- 23.423531, - 50.281910], Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR, Malaise trap, 02. xi. 1987, 1 ♀ (DZUP 099276); same label information, except: 22. ix. 1986, 1 ♀ (DZUP 099280); 07. ix. 1987, 1 ♀ (DZUP 099281); light trap, 04. x. 1986, 2 ♂♂ (DZUP 099241; 099248); light trap, 02. ix. 1986, 1 ♂ (DZUP 099243); Palmas, Linha Alegre, Fazenda Cerro Chato [- 26.50252, - 51.67033], Malaise, 1224 m, M. Savaris & A. L. Norrbom, 3 - 4. iii. 2015, 3 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀ (DZUP); Ponta Grossa, V. Velha, IAPAR [- 25.244012, - 50.011530], Ganho & Marinoni, Malaise trap, 06. ix. 1999, 1 ♀ (DZUP 099274); same label information, except: 10. vii. 2000, 2 ♀♀ (DZUP 058573, 099275); 01. xi. 1999, 1 ♀ (DZUP); 28. viii. 2000, 1 ♀ (DZUP); Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR, 18. viii. 1986, 1 ♀ (DZUP 463152); Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR, 01. x. 1986, 1 ♀ (DZUP 058557); light trap, Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR, 04. viii. 1986, 1 ♀ (DZUP 099279); Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR, 04. x. 1986, 1 ♂ (DZUP 058550); Telêmaco Borba, Res. Biol. Klabin [- 24.297941, - 50.618785], Malaise trap, Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR, 12. x. 1987, 1 ♀ (DZUP 058495); Piauí. Guaribas, Parque Nacional Serra das Confusões, Andorinha; 09 º 08 ’ 27.8 ” S; 43 º 33 ’ 42.1 ” W, 515 m, Malaise trap, J. A. Rafael & F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, 01 – 10. ix. 2013, 1 ♂ (CZMA). Same label information, except: 11 – 20. viii. 2013, 1 ♂ (CZMA); 20 – 31. viii. 2013, 1 ♂ (DZUP); Piracuruca, P. N. de Sete Cidades, Posto ICMBio, 04 º 05 ’ 57 ” S; 41 º 42 ’ 34 ” W, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira & J. S. Pinto Júnior, 01 – 14. ii. 2013, 1 ♂ (CZMA); Rio Grande do Sul. Quaraí [- 30.384608, - 56.448744], J. R. Cure, 21. xi. 1985, 2 ♂♂ and 4 ♀♀ (DZUP 099239 – 40, 099269, 099277, 462901, 462909); Santa Catarina. Nova Teutônia [- 27.1833, - 52.3833], 300 – 500 m, Fritz Plaumann, 6. v. 1961, 1 ♀ (MZUSP); São Paulo. São Carlos, EMBRAPA, Faz. Canchim [- 21.954680, - 47.847250], Airton S. Soares, xii. 2010, 9 ♂♂ and 7 ♀♀ (MZUSP, 5 ♂♂ and 4 ♀♀; DZUP, 4 ♂♂ and 3 ♀♀); Sergipe. Canindé do São Francisco, Res. CHESF, Tabuleiro Argiloso Plano, área 1 [- 9.6296, - 37.8028], Malaise trap, Luciana Ianuzi, 14. ix. 2000, 1 ♂ Projeto Xingó (DZUP). Non-type material. Rio Grande do Sul. Quaraí [- 30.384608, - 56.448744], J. R. Cure, 19 - 20. xi. 1985, 2 ♂♂ (DZUP 099251 – 52).	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF9CFF85E561EB6CFD1BF9BA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Argentina (Tucumán) and Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Piauí, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe) (Fig. 6).	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF9CFF85E561EB6CFD1BF9BA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Two male specimens from Quaraí (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) have the surstyli slightly narrower, this was considered as morphological variation and these specimens were not included as paratypes.	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF9DFF8AE543EA3DFCBEFD57.taxon	description	(Figs. 3 a-c, 4 i-l, 5 d-f, 6)	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF9DFF8AE543EA3DFCBEFD57.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Calythea comis can be separated from the other Neotropical species of the genus in the frons with fronto-orbital plates separated by frontal vitta (Fig. 3 a); distance between presutural acrostichal rows, even anteriorly in the first pair, shorter than their distance to dorsocentral rows; and pattern of pruinosity, which extends forward covering the region of dorsocentral setae, forming an inconspicuous stripe (Fig. 3 b).	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF9DFF8AE543EA3DFCBEFD57.taxon	description	Redescription. Male. Body length: 4.5 - 5.0 mm. Wing length: 4.0 - 4.5 mm. Thorax black with silvery pruinose on postpronotal lobe and notopleuron; pronotum pruinose basally running parallel to the notopleural suture, extending to transverse suture with forward projection, reaching the anterior dorsocentral presutural seta (Fig. 3 b). Calypters white with the edge yellow. Halter basally brownish and yellow apically. Legs black with pulvillus yellowish. Abdomen black with silvery pruinosity on tergites 2 - 5, forming two dorsal almost triangular spots, segments 3 and 4 with laterally and superiorly prolonged spots. Head. Eyes bare. Frontal vitta narrow, distance between eyes subequal to width to anterior ocellus (Fig. 3 a). 6 - 7 pairs of frontal setae. Face not projecting beyond frontal angle. Gena shorter than length of pedicel. Parafacialia relatively broad, with about 1 / 3 of postpedicel width. Postpedicel twice longer than pedicel. Pedicel with long dorsal setae, shorter than pedicel. Thorax. 2 postpronotals; dorsocentrals 2 + 3; acrostichals 4 + 8 setulaelike, with only the prescutellar developed; prealar absent. Anepisternum with a row of 5 posterior setae and an upward anterior seta below anterior notopleural seta. Scutellum with a pair of basal, preapical and apical setae; the apical seta almost twice longer than the basal one. Meron with a tuft of 4 - 5 setulae, located posteriorly below spiracle. Katepimeron with 4 - 5 setulae. Legs. Fore tibia with 1 submedian p seta; 1 preapical d seta, and 1 apical pv; fore pretarsus with 1 basal v seta. Mid femur with 4 v setae at base; and 2 p preapical setae; midtibia with 1 median pv seta, 1 submedian p seta; preapical seta on av, d, pv, and v. Hind femur with 2 av rows, 1 long and stout and 1 long fine; 2 ad, 2 d, and 1 pd preapicals; 1 pv row of long and sparse setae; hind tibia with a submedian av, 1 supramedian and 1 submedian ad, and a long submedian pd seta three times longer than tibia width; preapical seta on av and d; hind pretarsus with 1 basal v seta. Abdomen. With many covered setulae; sternite 1 setulose, setulae twice longer than sternite length; tergite 3 - 5 with long median and lateral marginal seta, terminal segment with apical and discal setae; sternite 5 rectangular with a serrated edge on posterior incision (Fig. 4 i). Terminalia. Cerci triangular in posterior view (Fig. 4 j); surstyli in posterior view long and straight, with proximal rounded incision (Fig. 4 j), and in lateral view, slightly curved and slightly enlarged apically (Fig. 4 k); Hypopygium in lateral view with phalapodema long and slightly curved, pregonite with two long setae, postgonite with a median long seta and two apical setulae, epiphallus as long as postgonite, distiphallus very large and rounded (Fig. 4 l). Female. Similar to male, except: Thorax with 3 conspicuous dorsal stripes, width of central stripe not exceeding the line of acrostichal setae; and 2 inconspicuous thin stripes close to central stripe, with about 1 / 5 the width of central stripe (Fig. 3 c). Scutellum fully pruinose, except basally on lateral region. Anepisternum with a row of 3 posterior setae. Meron with a tuft of 3 - 5 setulae, located posteriorly below spiracle. Katepimeron with 3 setulae. Terminalia with cerci dilated distally, with long setae; epiproct subtriangular, as long as its wide; hypoproct subconical, 1.3 times longer than its wide; sternite 6 and 7 trapezoid; tergite 6 and 7 T-shaped dorsally; sternite 8 shorter than tergite 8 (Figs. 5 d-f).	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF9DFF8AE543EA3DFCBEFD57.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Brazil: Paraná, Antonina, Reserva Sapitanduva [- 25.439498, - 48.746125], Lâmpada [light trap], Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR, 02. xi. 1986, 1 ♀ (DZUP 099272); Castro [- 24.7978, - 49.9976], S. Loroca, ix. 1961, 3 ♂♂ (DZUP 099245 – 47); Curitiba [- 25.4332, - 49.2667], P. D. Hurd, xi. 1959, 2 ♀♀ (DZUP 099270 – 71); same label information, except: 900 m, Dept. Zoologia, 14. i. 1986, 1 ♀ (DZUP 099278); Palmas [Palmas Grasslands Wildlife Refuge], 1115 m, grasslands, - 26.5025, - 51.6755, A. C. Pereira, 9. xii. 2013, 1 ♂ (DZUP); same label information except: 29. x. 2014, 2 ♀♀ (DZUP); 28. iv. 2014, 1 ♀ (DZUP); 16. i. 2014, 1 ♂ (DZUP); 20. x. 2014, 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ (DZUP); 29. x. 2014, 1 ♀ (DZUP); inside forest, - 26.5022, - 51.6738, 12. vii. 2014, 1 ♂ (DZUP); regeneration area, - 26.5572, - 51.5422, 03. xii. 2013, 1 ♀ (DZUP); 21. ix. 2012, 1 ♂ (DZUP); Tijucas do Sul, Morro do Araçatuba, - 25.8997, - 49.0096, 1200 m, P. C. Grossi, 01. xi. 2010, 2 ♂♂ and 22 ♀♀ (DZUP); Rio Grande do Sul, Arroio Grande, Distrito Mauá [- 32.233483, - 53.086682], Malaise trap, R. F. Krüger, 22. xi. 2002, 2 ♀♀ (DZUP 099253; 099256); same label information, except: P. B. Ribeiro, 6 ♀♀ (DZUP 099259 – 64); 15. xi. 2002, 2 ♀♀ (DZUP 099254 – 55); 07. ii. 2003, 1 ♀ (DZUP 099257); 31. i. 2003, 1 ♀ (DZUP 099258); Santa Catarina, Itajaí, EMPASC [- 26.9534, - 48.7358], C. Paloschi, ix. 1988, 1 ♂ (DZUP 099244); same label information except: xi. 1989, 4 ♀♀ (DZUP 099265 – 68). Chile: Bío-Bío, Lag. Laja [- 37.4042, - 71.3415], Luis Peñas, 13. ii. 1957, 1 ♂ (WSU); Los Lagos, Maullín, Llanquihue [- 41.2675, - 73.0240], Luis Peñas, 16 – 21. ii. 1957, 2 ♂♂ (WSU); Valparaíso, Laguna Verde [- 33.1054, - 71.6676], L. E. Peña, x. 1969, 15 ♂♂ and 6 ♀♀ (MZUSP).	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF9DFF8AE543EA3DFCBEFD57.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Argentina (Río-Negro), Brazil (Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul *, Santa Catarina), Chile (Bío-Bío *, Los Lagos, Valparaíso *) and Peru (Tacna) (Malloch, 1934; Albuquerque, 1953; Pont and Ackland, 2009; Gomes et al., 2019) (Fig. 6). * = new records.	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF9DFF8AE543EA3DFCBEFD57.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The type-locality indicated as Tacna, Chile (Stein 1911; Pont and Ackland 2009) is a region that currently belongs to Peru. Some specimens from Chile have the body covered by pollen. There are some male specimens from Argentina, Brazil and Chile with 1 - 4 setulae on meron, which probably belong to this species (V. Michelsen, pers. comm.).	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF92FF8AE561EF47FAE2FC1E.taxon	description	(Figs. 3 d-f, 4 m-p, 5 g-i, 6)	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF92FF8AE561EF47FAE2FC1E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Calythea crenata can be separated from the other species of the genus by the setulose eyes; face projecting beyond frontal angle; parafacialia very narrow, with about 1 / 5 of postpedicel width (Fig. 3 d); thorax without pruinose near transversal suture (Fig. 3 e); distance between presutural acrostichal rows twice longer than to dorsocentral rows; acrostichal setae thin, similar to covered setulae; hind tibia with a posterodorsal seta 4 times longer than tibia width.	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF92FF8AE561EF47FAE2FC1E.taxon	description	Description. Female. Thorax with a dorsal stripe, covering the lines of acrostichal setae (Fig. 3 f). Scutellum fully pruinose, except for a central triangle basally. Anepisternum with a row of 3 posterior setae. Meron with a tuft of 0 – 2 setulae, located posteriorly below spiracle. Katepimeron with 6 – 9 setulae. Terminalia with cerci dilated distally, with long setae; epiproct subtriangular, as long as wide; hypoproct subconical, twice longer than wide; sternite 6 and 7 trapezoid; tergite 6 and 7 subtriangular dorsally; sternite 8 slightly shorter than tergite 8 (Figs. 5 g-i).	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF92FF8AE561EF47FAE2FC1E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Colombia: Boyacá, SFF [Santuario de Flora y Fauna] Iguaque Cabeña Chaina, 5.4166, - 73.45, 2600 m, P. Rema, 17. v – 5. vi. 2001, 1 ♂ (DZUP 099250); same label information, except: A. Roberto, 9 – 31. viii. 2001, 1 ♂ (DZUP); A. Roberto, 31. viii – 16. ix. 2001, 1 ♀ (DZUP). Ecuador: Azuay, Portete de Tarqui, Sur de Cuenca [- 2.9012, - 79.0070], L. E. Peña, xii. 1970, 3 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀ (MZUSP); 1 ♂ (DZUP 462892); Loja, La Toma, W. de Loja [- 4.0081, - 79.2110], 1500 m, L. E. Peña, xi. 1970, 4 ♂♂ and 4 ♀♀ (MZUSP); Saraguro [- 3.6217, - 79.2380], 2900 m, L. E. Peña, xi. 1970, 5 ♂♂ and 1 ♀ (MZUSP). Mexico: Chiapas, Pueblo Nuevo, Arroyo Grande [17.1582, - 92.8972], F. Árias, 15. xii. 1985, 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ (CNIN); Guerrero, Omiltemi [17.5564, - 99.6869], F. Árias, 10. vii. 1985, 2 ♂♂ and 7 ♀♀ (CNIN, 1 ♂ and 4 ♀♀; DZUP, 1 ♂ and 3 ♀♀); same label information, except: 11. vii. 1985, 2 ♀♀ (CNIN; DZUP); Hidalgo, km 90, Pachuca-Tampico [20.7961, - 98.7091], F. Árias & R. Medina, 14. iii. 1986, 2 ♀♀ (CNIN; DZUP); Mexico, Dexcanic Alto [19.4306, - 99.1342], F. Árias, 29. iii. 1986, 1 ♀ (CNIN); km 15 carretera Periferica Ajusco [19.2155, - 99.2468], J. Butze, 1. v. 1979, 1 ♂ (CNIN); Mexico D. F. km 30 carretera Sn. Gregorio-Oaxtepec, [19.2084, - 99.0688], 2750 m, J. Butze, 7. xii. 1979, 2 ♂♂ (CNIN; DZUP); Tequesquinahuac, C. Tlaloc [19.3987, - 98.7085], J. Butze, 15. iv. 1982, 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ (CNIN); Temascaltepec, Real de Arriba [19.0428, - 100.2261], A. Cadena & L. Cervantes, 4. vi. 1988, 1 ♀ (CNIN); Morelos, Huitzilac [19.0313, - 99.2671], E. Olucra, 17. xi. 1978, 1 ♂ (CNIN); same label information, except: E. Ramirez, 18. vii. 1984, 1 ♂ (CNIN); E. Jimenez, 17. xi. 1978, 1 ♀ (CNIN); 2 km NW, Huitzilac [19.0313, - 99.2671], 2750 m, J. Butze & A. Ibarra, 18. vii. 1984, 3 ♂♂ (CNIN, 2 ♂♂; DZUP, 1 ♂); same label information, except: J. Butze & E. Ramirez, 4 ♂♂ (CNIN; DZUP); J. Butze & V. Hernández, 2 ♂♂ (CNIN; DZUP); A. Ibarra, 1 ♀ (CNIN); km 58 Carretera Xochimilco-Caxtepec [19.0397, - 98.9562], J. Butze, 8. xii. 1978, 1 ♀ (CNIN); Nicolas Zapata [19.0375, - 98.9115], J. Butze, 6. xii. 1978, 1 ♀ (CNIN); Veracruz, km 120 Autopista Puebla Orizaba [18.8358, - 97.1389], 2800 m, J. Butze, 17. vii. 1978, 2 ♂♂ (CNIN; DZUP). Peru: Cuzco, Est. Biol. Wayqecha, jct. Trochas Schefflera & Picaflor [- 13.17385, - 71.58808], 2905 m, A. L. Norrbom, B. D. Sutton & O. Quispe, 1 – 12. vi. 2012, 2 ♀♀ (DZUP, USNM); same label information, except: Campo de Futbol [- 13.17445, - 71.5880], 2900 m, 4 - 7. vii. 2016, 3 ♂♂ and 7 ♀♀ (DZUP, 1 ♂ and 3 ♀♀; USNM, 2 ♂♂ and 4 ♀♀).	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF92FF8AE561EF47FAE2FC1E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Colombia (Boyacá *), Costa Rica, Ecuador (Azuay *, Loja * and Pichincha), Mexico (Durango, Estado de Mexico *, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Mexico, Morelos, Sinaloa, Veracruz), Puerto Rico, Peru (Arequipa, Chanchamayo, Cuzco *, Tarma) and Saint Thomas Island (Stein, 1904, 1911; Curran, 1928; Albuquerque, 1953; Griffiths, 1986; Michelsen, 2010; Grisales et al., 2016) (Fig. 6). * = new records.	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF92FF8AE561EF47FAE2FC1E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Redescribed by Albuquerque (1953) and Griffiths (1986). The geographical information about the previous record from Colombia is only indicated as Colombia’s Cordillera (Stein, 1904) and was not included in the map. The records from North America are based on Griffiths’ (1986) map. There is morphological variation in the calypters of this species, which range from light to dark brown.	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF92FF8AE62FEF99FC6CF951.taxon	description	(Figs. 3 g-i, 4 q-t, 5 j-l, 6)	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF92FF8AE62FEF99FC6CF951.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Calythea micropteryx can be separated from the other species of the genus in having face not projecting beyond frontal angle; parafacialia very narrow, with about 1 / 5 of postpedicel width (Fig. 3 g); distance between presutural acrostichal rows, except anteriorly in the first pair of setae, shorter than their distance to dorsocentral rows; hind tibia with a posterodorsal seta twice longer than tibia width. Also, this is the smaller neotropical species (body length: 3.3 – 3.5; wing length: 3.2 – 3.5). Type-material examined. Paralectotypes. United States, California, Kinb., 3 ♂♂ (NHRS: 459 67; 464 67; 460 67).	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF92FF8AE62FEF99FC6CF951.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Mexico. Baja California, Golfo California, Isla Angel de la Guarda, Puerto Refugio [29.3407, - 113.4311], F. Árias, 6. ii. 1986, 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ (CNIN); Campeche, Grutas de Ixta, Cambilxunau [19.9911, - 89.7642], F. Árias, 21. vi. 1986, 1 ♂ (CNIN).	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF92FF8AE62FEF99FC6CF951.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba); United States (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Campeche *, Chihuahua, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Zacatecas); Cuba, Dominican Republic (Griffiths, 1986; Michelsen, 2010) (Fig. 6). * = new record.	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
4C5687B4FF92FF8AE62FEF99FC6CF951.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Redescribed by Griffiths (1986). The records from North America are based on Griffiths (1986) map. The record from Costa Rica (Michelsen, 2010) is based on a misidentification (V. Michelsen, pers. comm.).	en	Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de (2022): Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210102) 66 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102
