taxonID	type	description	language	source
4C61685FFF9D5F28A429904745A1FBB9.taxon	description	Figs 1 – 2, 26 A	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF9D5F28A429904745A1FBB9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body mainly light brown with some regions dark brown (Fig. 1); central plate dark brown with pair of swirl-shaped light brown maculae (Fig. 1 A); sides of frons with two rows of sensory pits on each side (Fig. 1 C); clypeus not swollen (Fig. 1 A, C), with median carina (Fig. 1 A); lateral lobe of pronotum with approximately three sensory pits arranged in group (Fig. 1 C); abdominal tergites (Fig. 1 C, 26 A) with row of sensory pits followed by single isolated ventral sensory pit (tergite IV) or by isolated pair of diagonally aligned ventral sensory pits (tergites V to VII).	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF9D5F28A429904745A1FBB9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype MEXICO • ♂; Toluca Rd.; 24 Nov. 1938; J. S. Caldwell leg.; NMNH USNMENT 01513543 (based on photographs). Other material MEXICO • 1 ♂; “ MICH ” [Michoacán], E Morelia, route 15, Km 18; 19.68392 º N, 101.00981 º W; 2050 m a. s. l.; Oct. 2005; R. Rakitov leg.; sweep; DNA voucher ENT 4920; INHS.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF9D5F28A429904745A1FBB9.taxon	description	Description BODY LENGTH. Male = 2.4 mm. COLORATION. Body mainly light brown with some regions dark brown (Fig. 1 A – C). Vertex (Fig. 1 B) with pair of dark brown maculae. Central plate (Fig. 1 A) dark brown with pair of swirl-shaped light brown maculae; median carina dark brown. Gena and lateral lobe of pronotum (Fig. 1 C) dark brown. Clypeus dark brown with pair of light brown triangular maculae (Fig. 1 A). Pronotum (Fig. 1 B) dark brown with three median light brown stripes connected to stripes on mesonotum. Mesonotum (Fig. 1 B) with additional pair of lateral light brown stripes. Forewing (Fig. 1 B) brown. Legs (Fig. 1 A, C) light brown with several dark brown maculae. Abdomen (Fig. 1 B – C) dark brown with three median light brown interrupted stripes in dorsal view. HEAD AND THORAX. Vertex (Fig. 1 B) hexagonal, shorter than half its width, almost as long as pronotum; posterior margin slightly elevated. Frons (Fig. 1 A) with median carina and pair of sublateral carinae; sublateral carinae convergent and almost fused to each other ventrally (Fig. 1 A); central plate (Fig. 1 A) as long as wide at widest portion, not visible in dorsal view (Fig. 1 B), not extending anteriorly beyond sublateral carinae in lateral view (Fig. 1 C); sides of frons partially visible in frontal view (Fig. 1 A) and almost fused above clypeus, with two rows of sensory pits on each side in lateral view (Fig. 1 C): anterior row with eight sensory pits, ventral pair slightly displaced; posterior row with four sensory pits, most ventral one slightly isolated. Clypeus (Fig. 1 C) not swollen, with median carina. Ocelli absent. Eye oblong. Antenna short, with several small circular structures visible on pedicel. Pronotum (Fig. 1 B) semicircular, shorter than half its width, with median carina; median portion of disc without sensory pits; lateral portion of disc with 14 to 15 sensory pits; lateral lobe of pronotum (Fig. 1 C) with three sensory pits arranged in group. Mesonotum (Fig. 1 B) with median carina and pair of lateral carinae; region between lateral carinae depressed and without sensory pits; region laterad of lateral carinae with nine to 11 sensory pits. Brachypterous, with reduced venation. Legs simple, with carinae, setose; tibia III with single median spine. ABDOMEN. Terga with longitudinal carina. Tergite III (Figs 1 C, 26 A) without sensory pits. Tergite IV (Figs 1 C, 26 A) with row of two sensory pits followed by single isolated ventral one. Tergites V and VI (Figs 1 C, 26 A) with row of four sensory pits followed by isolated ventral pair aligned diagonally. Tergite VII (Figs 1 C, 26 A) with row of three sensory pits followed by isolated ventral pair aligned diagonally. Tergite VIII with one sensory pit (Fig. 26 A). MALE TERMINALIA. Pygofer (Fig. 2 A) with anterior margin deeply concave; posterior margin with dorsal third rounded, middle third concave, ventral third wide and rounded. Connective (Fig. 2 B) inverted Y-shaped, with support bridge with dorsal flap. Style (Fig. 2 C – D) hook-like; anterior portion pointed; dorsal margin with slight protuberance on median third (Fig. 2 D); caudal portion strongly curved anterodorsally in lateral view (Fig. 2 D) and mesad in dorsal view (Fig. 2 C); ventral margin (Fig. 2 D) truncate between anterior and middle portion, irregularly rounded posteriorly; middle portion longer than high, setose; apex serrated (Fig. 2 D). Phallobase (Fig. 2 E – H) sclerotized, symmetrical, with two defined lobes; apex with pair of lobes fused in dorsal view (Fig. 2 E – F) and rounded in lateral view (Fig. 2 G – H); sides expanded and rounded at half-length of aedeagus in dorsal view (Fig. 2 E – F); with dorsal process near to apex in lateral view (Fig. 2 G – H), surrounding almost all aedeagus length. Aedeagus (Fig. 2 E – F) apex narrow and open dorsally, with pair of aedeagal hooks, one curved to side of aedeagus and visible in dorsal view (Fig. 2 E – F), another visible in lateral view (Fig. 2 G – H) and curved ventrally to other side of aedeagus. Suspensorium V-shaped.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF9D5F28A429904745A1FBB9.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species was originally placed in Aphelonema but later transferred to Protrocha by Emeljanov (1996). However, the species treated herein shares more characteristics of Aphelonema, according to the diagnostic features given by Emeljanov (1996, see Discussion), such as (1) lateral lobe of pronotum with no fewer than two, but usually with three or more sensory pits (Fig. 1 C); (2) sides of frons in upper half with two parallel rows of sensory pits (Fig. 1 C); and (3) abdomen with sensory pits aligned in one row and with an isolated pair of ventral sensory pits (Fig. 26 A). Based on this combination of characters we propose that this species returns to its original combination. Its original description is short, includes only a superficial illustration of the male terminalia, and does not include information about abdominal sensory pits or female terminalia. The single male specimen at hand was identified based on the original description, illustrations of male terminalia made by Caldwell (1945), and photographs of the head, thorax and male terminalia of the holotype. However, the abdomen of the holotype was lost so redescription of the distribution of sensory pits on this structure was based on the specimen at hand. Unfortunately, the anal tube of the studied specimen was damaged during dissection.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF9A5F24A43991364225F9A8.taxon	description	Figs 3 – 5, 26 B	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF9A5F24A43991364225F9A8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body mainly dark brown to black with several pale maculae (Fig. 3); vertex hexagonal (Fig. 3 B, E); frons with strong median carina and central plate with pale heart-shaped macula (Fig. 3 A, D); clypeus extending anteriorly, produced into slight snout (Fig. 3 C, F); lateral lobe of pronotum with three to four sensory pits arranged in a row (Fig. 3 C, F); abdominal tergites (Fig. 3 C, F, 26 B) with row of sensory pits followed by single isolated ventral sensory pit (tergite IV) or by isolated pair of diagonally aligned ventral sensory pits (tergites V to VII).	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF9A5F24A43991364225F9A8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Type material USA • 1 ♂, holotype of Bruchomorpha decorata Metcalf, 1923; “ Brownsville, Tex [as] ”; 21 Nov. 1911; palm jungle sweepings; INHS • 1 ♀, allotype of Bruchomorpha decorata Metcalf, 1923; same collection data as for preceding; INHS. MEXICO • 1 ♀, holotype of Bruchomorpha decorata var. nihldecorata Caldwell, 1947; Sonora, Hacienda Naynari, M. B. 209; 19 Mar. 1927; NMNH (based on photographs). Other material MEXICO • 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Jalisco, ca La Huerta; 19 º 27 ′ 58 ″ N, 104 º 39 ′ 13 ″ W; 480 m a. s. l.; 15 Oct. 2001; J. N. Zahniser leg.; vacuum sample; INHS • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 19 º 27 ′ 58 ″ N, 104 º 39 ′ 8 ″ W; 460 m a. s. l.; 16 Oct. 2001; C. H. Dietrich leg.; vacuum sample; INHS • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Veracruz, rt. 180, Km 31, 17 km NW of Alvarado; 18 º 50 ′ N, 95 º 57 ′ W; 0 m a. s. l.; 28 Oct. 2001; C. H. Dietrich leg.; sweep / vacuum sample; INHS • 1 ♂; Durango, rt. 45, Km 121 ca Fco. Primo Verdad; 24.89762 ° N, 104.46098 ° W; 1590 m a. s. l.; 27 Oct. 2005; C. H. Dietrich leg.; vacuum sample; INHS. PANAMA • 1 ♀; Verugas, Pan-Am Highway, 40 km W of Santiago; 8.20298 ° N, 81.18768 ° W; 166 m a. s. l.; Aug. 2005; J. N. Zahniser leg.; sweep; DNA voucher ENT 4205; NMNH.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF9A5F24A43991364225F9A8.taxon	description	Description BODY LENGTH. Male (holotype of Bruchomorpha decorata Metcalf, 1923) = 2.6 mm; females = 3.4 to 4.0 mm. COLORATION. Body mainly black with several pale maculae in males (Fig. 3 A – C); females (Fig. 3 D – F) having lighter, dark brown coloration overall with pale maculae larger than in males. Central plate of frons (Fig. 3 A, D) with pale heart-shaped macula divided by median carina; side of frons (Fig. 3 C, F) pale. Pronotum (Fig. 3 B, E) mostly pale; lateral lobe of pronotum (Fig. 3 C, F) with posterior half pale. Mesonotum (Fig. 3 B, E) with anterior and posterior portions of middle region distinctly pale. Forewings black in males (Fig. 3 B – C) and hyaline in females (Fig. 3 E – F), both with white veins. HEAD AND THORAX. Vertex (Fig. 3 B, E) hexagonal, shorter than half its width, shorter than pronotum length; posterior margin slightly elevated. Frons (Fig. 3 A, D) with strong median carina and pair of sublateral carinae; sublateral carinae convergent and fused to each other ventrally; central plate (Fig. 3 A, D) longer than wide at widest portion, visible in dorsal view (Fig. 3 B, E), not extending anteriorly beyond sublateral carinae in lateral view (Fig. 3 C, F); sides of frons partially visible in frontal view (Fig. 3 A, D) and fused above clypeus, with two rows of sensory pits on each side in lateral view (Fig. 3 C, F): anterior row with eight sensory pits, five dorsal ones grouped together, followed by sixth isolated one aligned with antenna, and pair of ventral ones isolated next to clypeus; posterior row with four sensory pits, most ventral one slightly isolated. Clypeus (Fig. 3 C, F) swollen, extending anteriorly in lateral view, consequently pushing frons anteriorly and producing very lightly produced snout; longer than high in lateral view, with complete and elevated median carina. Ocelli absent. Eye oblong. Antenna short, with several small circular structures visible on pedicel. Pronotum (Fig. 3 B, E) semicircular, shorter than half its width, with distinct median carina; median portion of disc without sensory pits; lateral portion of disc with 15 to 19 (holotype and allotype with 18 to 19) sensory pits; lateral lobe (Fig. 3 C, F) with three (holotype) to four sensory pits arranged in row. Mesonotum (Fig. 3 B, E) with distinct median carina and pair of lateral carinae; region between lateral carinae depressed, without sensory pits; region outerad of lateral carina with 10 to 13 (holotype with 11) sensory pits. Brachypterous, with reticulated venation. Legs simple; with carinae and setae; tibia III with single median spine. ABDOMEN. Terga without longitudinal carinae. Tergite III (Figs 3 F, 26 B) without sensory pits. Tergite IV (Figs 3 F, 26 B) with one row of three to five sensory pits followed by single isolated ventral one. Tergites V to VII (Figs 3 F, 26 B) with one row of three to four (holotype and allotype with three to four) sensory pits followed by isolated ventral pair aligned diagonally (Fig. 26 B). Tergite VIII (Fig. 26 B) with one sensory pit. MALE TERMINALIA. Pygofer (Fig. 4 A) narrow, with anterior margin deeply concave; posterior margin almost straight. Connective (Fig. 4 B) inverted Y-shaped, with support bridge with dorsal flap. Style (Fig. 4 C – D) hook-like; anterior portion pointed; posterior portion strongly curved anterodorsally (Fig. 4 D), converging towards the other in dorsal view (Fig. 4 C); dorsal margin (Fig. 4 D) with slight protuberance on median third; ventral margin (Fig. 4 D) with concavity on anterior third, remainder rounded; middle portion (Fig. 4 D) almost as long as high, setose; apex serrated (Fig. 4 D). Phallobase (Fig. 4 E – H) sclerotized, symmetrical, with two defined lobes; apex with pair of lobes curved ventrally in lateral view (Fig. 4 G – H); apices of lobes truncate in dorsal view (Fig. 4 E – F), surrounding aedeagus from middle third. Aedeagus (Fig. 4 E – F) apex narrow and open dorsally, with pair of hooks, both curved ventrad and anterolaterally, but one positioned more dorsally than other. Suspensorium V-shaped. Segment X of anal tube (Fig. 4 I – J) as long as wide; posterior margin (Fig. 4 I) rounded; setose. FEMALE TERMINALIA. Posterior margin of sternite VII (Fig. 5 B) with median portion slightly produced, setose. Gonoplac (Fig. 5 C) sclerotized, sub-rectangular with apex truncate, setose. Anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII (Fig. 5 D) with three apical teeth: innermost larger than outer ones, narrow and long, middle one widest, outer one short and apically rounded; middle and outer ones closer to each other than to inner one. Posterior connective lamina of gonapophysis IX (Fig. 5 E – F) distal part with longitudinal row of ten to twelve short and triangular spines in lateral view (Fig. 5 F); middle portion with several pits (Fig. 5 F); apex setose (Fig. 5 F). Segment X of anal tube (Fig. 5 G – H) longer than wide at widest portion; posterior margin (Fig. 5 G) pointed with apex rounded; setose.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF9A5F24A43991364225F9A8.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species was identified based on comparisons with the type series (holotype and allotype) from Texas (USA) and the original description by Metcalf (1923) plus the redescription by Doering (1939), which do not include the arrangement of abdominal sensory pits or female terminalia. Previously published illustrations of the dorsal view of the body and lateral view of the head allow comparison of the sensory pits of the sides of the frons and the lateral lobe of pronotum to those of other species. The male terminalia were previously illustrated superficially, but the overall shape could also be compared. Two recently collected available specimens have four sensory pits on each lateral lobe of pronotum (Fig. 3 C, F), which is different from the three sensory pits illustrated by Metcalf (1923) and Doering (1939). Both specimens of the type series have three pits on the right side, but the female allotype has four pits on the left side. A series of several additional specimens from Mexico (see Material examined above) includes one additional male and female with three pits on one pronotal lobe and four on the other; the remaining specimens have three pits on both lobes, as in the holotype, and their genitalia match those of other studied specimens of this species. The holotype of Bruchomorpha decorata var. nihldecorata Caldwell, 1945 also has four pits. Finally, this species is firstly recorded from Panama.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF965F20A424936F4467FB00.taxon	description	Figs 6 – 8, 26 C	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF965F20A424936F4467FB00.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body mainly black, with coppery sheen (Fig. 6); vertex semicircular (Fig. 6 B, E); frons with median carina (Fig. 6 A, D), central plate visible in dorsal view (Fig. 6 B, E); clypeus swollen, but not forming snout (Fig. 6 C, F); lateral lobe of pronotum with three sensory pits arranged in a row (Fig. 6 C, F); abdominal tergites (Figs 6 C, F, 26 C) with row of sensory pits followed by single isolated ventral sensory pit (tergite IV) or isolated pair of diagonally aligned ventral sensory pits (tergites V to VII).	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF965F20A424936F4467FB00.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Other material MEXICO • 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; “ COAH ” [Coahuila de Zaragoza], Cuahtemoc rd., Km 7.4; 25.27970 ° N, 100.98747 ° W; 2120 m a. s. l.; Oct. 2005; C. Dietrich leg.; vacuum sample; INHS • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; DZRJ • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; DNA voucher ENT 4915; DZRJ.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF965F20A424936F4467FB00.taxon	description	Description BODY LENGTH. Males = 1.7 to 2 mm; females = 2.4 to 3 mm. COLORATION. Body mainly black, with coppery sheen (Fig. 6 A – F). Forewings (Fig. 6 B, E) black. Males with legs mostly yellow, except femur III black basally (Fig. 6 A, C). Females with legs light brown with black maculae (Fig. 6 D, F). HEAD AND THORAX. Vertex (Fig. 6 B, E) semicircular, shorter than half its width, shorter than half of pronotum length; posterior margin slightly elevated. Frons (Fig. 6 A, D) with median carina and pair of sublateral carinae; sublateral carinae converge and fuse to each other ventrally; central plate (Fig. 6 A, D) as long as wide at widest portion, visible in dorsal view (Fig. 6 B, E), extending slightly anteriorly beyond sublateral carinae in lateral view (Fig. 6 C, F); sides of frons partially visible in frontal view (Fig. 6 A, D) and fused above clypeus, with two rows of sensory pits on each side in lateral view (Fig. 6 C, F): anterior row with eight sensory pits; posterior row with four sensory pits. Clypeus (Fig. 6 C, F) swollen, extending anteriorly but not producing snout in lateral view; with complete median carina. Ocelli absent. Eye oblong. Antenna short, with several small circular structures visible on pedicel. Pronotum (Fig. 6 B, E) semicircular, shorter than half its width, with median carina; median portion of disc without sensory pits; lateral portion of disc with 12 to 14 sensory pits on each side; lateral lobe of pronotum (Fig. 6 C, F) with three sensory pits arranged in row. Mesonotum (Fig. 6 B, E) with median carina and pair of lateral carinae; region between lateral carinae without sensory pits; regions outerad of lateral carinae with 10 to 11 sensory pits on each side. Brachypterous, with reduced venation. Legs simple, with carinae and setae; tibia III with single median spine. ABDOMEN. Terga without longitudinal carinae. Tergite III (Figs 6 C, F, 26 C) without sensory pits. Tergite IV (Figs 6 C, F, 26 C) with one row of three to five sensory pits, with penultimate pit slightly displaced from row, followed by single isolated ventral one. Tergites V to VII (Figs 6 C, F, 26 C) with one row of three to five sensory pits followed by isolated ventral pair aligned diagonally. Tergite VIII (Fig. 26 C) with one sensory pit. MALE TERMINALIA. Pygofer (Fig. 7 A) narrow, with anterior margin concave; posterior margin almost straight. Connective (Fig. 7 B) inverted Y-shaped, with support bridge with dorsal flap. Style (Fig. 7 C – D) hook-like; anterior portion pointed; caudal portion strongly curved anterodorsally (Fig. 7 D) and curved mesad in dorsal view (Fig. 7 C); dorsal margin (Fig. 7 D) sinuous; ventral margin (Fig. 7 D) with straight angle concavity on anterior fourth, remainder rounded; middle third (Fig. 7 D) as long as high, setose; apex serrated (Fig. 7 D). Phallobase (Fig. 7 E – H) sclerotized, symmetrical, with two defined lobes; apex with pair of lobes with apices truncate in dorsal view (Fig. 7 E – F) and rounded in lateral view (Fig. 7 G – H); sides expanded and rounded at half-length of aedeagus in dorsal view (Fig. 7 E – F); with dorsal process near apex in lateral view (Fig. 7 G – H), surrounding apical half of aedeagus; with a flap covering aedeagal hook in lateral view (Fig. 7 G – H). Aedeagus (Fig. 7 E – F) apex narrow and open dorsally; with pair of hooks, one curved dorsally (Fig. 7 E-F), other curved anteroventrally (Fig. 7 G-H). Suspensorium V-shaped. Segment X of anal tube (Fig. 7 I – J) as long as wide, posterior margin (Fig. 7 I) pointed; setose. FEMALE TERMINALIA. Posterior margin of sternite VII (Fig. 8 B) with median portion produced, setose. Gonoplac (Fig. 8 C) sclerotized, sub-rectangular with apex truncate, setose. Anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII (Fig. 8 D) with three apical teeth: innermost bigger than outer ones, narrow and long, middle one widest, outer one short and apically rounded. Posterior connective lamina of gonapophysis IX (Fig. 8 E – F) distal part with longitudinal row of eight short and wide spines in lateral view (Fig. 8 F); middle portion with several pits (Fig. 8 F); apex setose (Fig. 8 F); region between distal parts with two patches of small setae (Fig. 8 E). Segment X of anal tube (Fig. 8 G – H) longer than wide at widest portion, posterior margin (Fig. 8 G) pointed with apex rounded; setose.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF965F20A424936F4467FB00.taxon	discussion	Remarks Specimens at hand were identified based on the redescription and illustration of the dorsal view of the body, lateral view of the head, and male terminalia by Doering (1939). This species resembles several other species of Bruchomorpha, including Bruchomorpha oculata Newman, 1838, Bruchomorpha minima Metcalf, 1923, Bruchomorpha pallidipes Stål, 1862 and Bruchomorpha tristis Stål, 1862, in its mostly black, metallic shiny appearance. According to Doering (1939), B. mormo can be easily distinguished from other black-colored species by: (1) lack of a lighter colored dorsal stripe (Fig. 6 B, E) and shorter snout (Fig. 6 C, F), which distinguish it from B. oculata; (2) small size, which distinguishes it from B. tristis; (3) shorter snout and yellow legs (Fig. 6 C, F), which distinguish it from B. minima; and (4) circular central plate of frons (Fig. 6 A, D), which is much less elongated than in B. pallidipes.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF925F3DA42791BA424AFDA3.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: DA 853 D 0 B- 3 BF 0 - 4 D 22 - BFBD-D 897 F 8 CEA 14 B Figs 9 – 10, 26 D	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF925F3DA42791BA424AFDA3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body mainly brown, with several randomly distributed irregular pale maculae, and with continuous broad median longitudinal pale-yellow stripe crossing frons, vertex, thorax and abdomen (Fig. 9); vertex hexagonal (Fig. 9 B); frons with ventrally elevated median carina (Fig. 9 A) and central plate visible in dorsal view (Fig. 9 B); clypeus extending anteriorly, produced into slight snout (Fig. 9 A, C); lateral lobe of pronotum with five sensory pits, one pit isolated anteriorly and one posterior vertical row with four pits (Fig. 9 C); abdominal tergites (Figs 9 C, 26 D) with group of sensory pits followed by an isolated pair of diagonally aligned ventral sensory pits.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF925F3DA42791BA424AFDA3.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific name ʻ pseudodorsata ʼ (ʻ pseudo - ʼ, Greek = ʻfalseʼ.) refers to the superficial similarity to Bruchomorpha dorsata Fitch, 1856.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF925F3DA42791BA424AFDA3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype MEXICO • ♀; “ COAH ” [Coahuila de Zaragoza], Cuahtemoc rd., Km 7.4; 25.27970 ° N, 100.98747 ° W; 2120 m a. s. l.; Oct. 2005; C. Dietrich leg.; sweep; DNA voucher ENT 4917; INHS. Paratypes MEXICO • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; INHS • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; DZRJ.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF925F3DA42791BA424AFDA3.taxon	description	Description BODY LENGTH. Females = 3.6 to 4.0 mm. COLORATION. Body mainly brown, with several randomly distributed irregular pale maculae (Fig. 9 A – C). Frons, vertex, thorax and abdomen (Fig. 9 B) with continuous broad median longitudinal pale-yellow stripe. Forewing hyaline, with longitudinal white stripe over commissural margins following body stripe, but not as well defined (Fig. 9 B). HEAD AND THORAX. Vertex (Fig. 9 B) hexagonal, shorter than wide, shorter than pronotum length; posterior margin slightly elevated. Frons (Fig. 9 A) with median carina and pair of sublateral carinae; median carina elevated ventrally; sublateral carinae converge and fuse to each other ventrally (Fig. 9 A); central plate (Fig. 9 A) longer than wide at widest portion, visible in dorsal view (Fig. 9 B), not extending anteriorly beyond sublateral carinae in lateral view (Fig. 9 C); sides of frons partially visible in frontal view (Fig. 9 A) and fused above clypeus (Fig. 9 A), with two rows of sensory pits on each side in lateral view (Fig. 9 C): anterior row with eight sensory pits, five dorsal ones grouped together, followed by three isolated ones after the concavity at anterior margin of frons; posterior row with four sensory pits. Clypeus (Fig. 9 C) swollen, extending anteroventrally in lateral view, forming slightly produced snout, longer than high in lateral view, composing most of snout anteriorly; snout shortly produced, nearly truncate in lateral view (Fig. 9 C), rounded in frontal view (Fig. 9 A), with complete and elevated median carina. Ocelli absent. Eye oblong. Antenna short, with several small circular structures visible on pedicel. Pronotum (Fig. 9 B) sub-rectangular, shorter than half its width; median portion of disc without sensory pits; lateral portion of disc with 20 to 22 sensory pits; with median carina; lateral lobe of pronotum (Fig. 9 C) with five sensory pits, one pit isolated anteriorly and one posterior vertical row with four pits. Mesonotum (Fig. 9 B) with median carina and pair of lateral carinae; region between lateral carinae depressed, without sensory pits; region laterad of lateral carina with 19 to 22 sensory pits. Brachypterous, with reduced venation. Legs simple, with carinae, setose; tibia III with single median spine. ABDOMEN. Terga with longitudinal carina. Tergite III without sensory pits (Figs 9 C, 26 D). Tergites IV to VII (Figs 9 C, 26 D) with group of seven to nine sensory pits followed by isolated ventral pair aligned diagonally (Fig. 26 D). Tergite VIII (Fig. 26 D) with one sensory pit. FEMALE TERMINALIA. Posterior margin of sternite VII (Fig. 10 B) with median portion straight, setose. Gonoplac (Fig. 10 C) sclerotized, sub-rectangular with apex truncate, setose. Anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII (Fig. 10 D) with three apical teeth: innermost larger than outer ones, narrow and long, middle one widest of all, outer one short and apically rounded. Posterior connective lamina of gonapophysis IX (Fig. 10 E – F) distal part with longitudinal row of 10 short spines in lateral view (Fig. 10 F); middle portion with several pits (Fig. 10 F); apex setose (Fig. 10 F). Segment X of anal tube (Fig. 10 G – H) longer than wide at widest portion; caudal margin (Fig. 10 G) with apex rounded; setose.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF925F3DA42791BA424AFDA3.taxon	discussion	Remarks This new species superficially resembles Bruchomorpha dorsata in coloration and overall external morphology, but differs from it mainly in: (1) the shape of the vertex and pronotum, which are both almost semicircular in B. dorsata but hexagonal and subrectangular in B. pseudodorsata sp. nov. (Fig. 9 B); (2) the coloration of the forewing, which is as brown as the body and with a well-defined white stripe following the body stripe in B. dorsata but blurred in B. pseudodorsata sp. nov. (Fig. 9 B); and (3) the pattern of distribution of sensory pits on the abdomen, with one defined row on all segments followed by an isolated ventral pair in B. dorsata and one group of several sensory pits followed by an isolated ventral pair in B. pseudodorsata sp. nov. (Figs 9 C, 26 D). Although the new species is here placed in Bruchomorpha, the pattern of distribution of abdominal sensory pits is different from all the other species of this genus studied herein (Fig. 26 B – C).	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF8F5F3EA47697D845E1FD79.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: BCE 22551 - 8002 - 459 E- 9 C 6 D- 93 D 144 BF 08 E 1 Figs 11 – 12, 26 E	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF8F5F3EA47697D845E1FD79.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body mainly off white with several black maculae and sensory pits bordered by black (Fig. 11); snout as long as half of interocular distance (measured from base to tip) with apex rounded in frontal and lateral view (Fig. 11 A, C); lateral lobe of pronotum with three sensory pits arranged in a row (Fig. 11 C); forewings with reticulated venation (Fig. 11 B – C); abdominal tergites (Figs 11 C, 26 E) with row of sensory pits followed by single isolated ventral sensory pit (tergite IV and V) or an isolated pair of diagonally aligned ventral sensory pits (tergites VI to VII).	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF8F5F3EA47697D845E1FD79.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific name ʻ brachyrhina ʼ (ʻ brachy - ʼ, Greek = ʻshortʼ; ʻ rhina ʼ, Greek = ʻnoseʼ) refers to the short snout of this species if compared to other species of the genus.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF8F5F3EA47697D845E1FD79.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype MEXICO • ♂; “ ZAC ” [Zacatecas], 10.4 km NW Vasco de Quiroga; 23.39637 ° N, 103.55023 ° W; 2500 m a. s. l.; Oct. 2005; C. Dietrich leg.; vacuum sample; DNA voucher ENT 4913; INHS.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF8F5F3EA47697D845E1FD79.taxon	description	Description BODY LENGTH. Male = 2.4 mm. COLORATION. Body mainly off-white with several black maculae and sensory pits bordered by black (Fig. 11 A – C). Vertex (Fig. 11 B) with pair of large black maculae. Frons (Fig. 11 A) with pair of black stripes bordering sublateral carinae and very weak black line covering median carina; side of frons (Fig. 11 C) black where sensory pits are lacking. Gena (Fig. 11 A) black with border white. Clypeus in lateral view (Fig. 11 C) with dorsal portion extended anteriorly black, median portion white with lateral black stripes, ventral portion black. Lateral lobe of pronotum (Fig. 11 C) with anterior portion black. Mesonotum (Fig. 11 B) region between lateral carinae white with pair of elongated black maculae near lateral carinae. Forewings (Fig. 11 B – C) black with white veins; white stripes within cells. Legs (Fig. 11 A, C) white with some elongated black maculae. Abdomen (Fig. 11 B, C) with approximately 15 parallel longitudinal black maculae on each segment; black maculae forming continuous longitudinal line between row of sensory pits and isolated one. HEAD AND THORAX. Vertex (Fig. 11 B) hexagonal, shorter than half its width, as long as half of pronotum length, with slight median carina; posterior margin slightly elevated. Frons (Fig. 11 A) with median carina and pair of sublateral carinae; sublateral carinae converge and fuse to each other ventrally (Fig. 11 A); central plate (Fig. 11 A) longer than wide at widest portion, visible in dorsal view (Fig. 11 B), not extending anteriorly beyond sublateral carinae in lateral view (Fig. 11 C); sides of frons partially visible in frontal view (Fig. 11), fused above clypeus, with two rows of sensory pits on each side in lateral view (Fig. 11 C): anterior row with eight sensory pits, four dorsal ones are grouped, followed by a fifth isolated one aligned between ventral margin of eye and antenna, and three isolated ones ventrally to concavity on anterior margin of frons; posterior row with four sensory pits. Clypeus (Fig. 11 C) not swollen, with dorsal portion extended anteroventrally into slightly produced snout; snout in dorsal view (Fig. 11 B) as long as half of interocular distance (measured from base to tip), apex rounded in frontal and lateral view and with slight median anterodorsal concavity in lateral view (Fig. 11 A, C); with median carina. Ocelli absent. Eye oblong. Antenna short, with several small circular structures visible on pedicel. Pronotum (Fig. 11 B) semicircular, shorter than half its width; posterior margin straight; with median carina; surface of disc almost completely covered by 15 to 17 sensory pits on each side; lateral lobe of pronotum (Fig. 11 C) with three sensory pits arranged in a row. Mesonotum (Fig. 11 B) with slight median carina and pair of lateral carinae; region between lateral carinae depressed, without sensory pits; region outerad of lateral carina with 11 sensory pits. Brachypterous, with reticulated venation, with large cells and lines within those cells. Legs simple, with carinae and setae; tibia III with single median spine. ABDOMEN. Terga with longitudinal carina. Tergite III (Figs 11 C, 26 E) without sensory pits. Tergites IV and V (Figs 11 C, 26 E) with one row of four to five sensory pits, with penultimate one slightly displaced, followed by single isolated ventral one. Tergites VI and VII (Figs 11 C, 26 E) with one row of four sensory pits, penultimate one slightly displaced, followed by isolated ventral pair aligned diagonally (Figs 11 C, 26 E). Tergite VIII (Fig. 26 E) with one sensory pit. MALE TERMINALIA. Pygofer (Fig. 12 A) narrow, with anterior margin deeply concave, posterior margin almost straight, except for slight concavity near ventral portion. Connective inverted Y-shaped, with support bridge with dorsal flap. Style (Fig. 12 B – C) hook-like; anterior portion pointed; caudal portion strongly curved anterodorsally, curved medially in dorsal view (Fig. 12 B); dorsal margin (Fig. 12 C) with slight protuberance on median third; ventral margin (Fig. 12 C) with straight angle between anterior and middle third, mostly rounded posteriorly; median portion (Fig. 12 C) longer than high, setose. Phallobase (Fig. 12 D – G) sclerotized symmetrical, with two defined lobes; apex with pair of lobes truncate in dorsal view (Fig. 12 D – E) and rounded in lateral view (Fig. 12 F – G); sides expanded and rounded at midlength of aedeagus in dorsal view (Fig. 12 D – E); with dorsal process near apex in lateral view, surrounding apical half of aedeagus; with flap covering aedeagal hook in lateral view (Fig. 12 F – G). Aedeagus (Fig. 12 D – E) with apex narrow and open dorsally; with pair of hooks, one curved anterodorsally, the other curved posterocaudally in lateral view (Fig. 12 F – G). Suspensorium V-shaped. Segment X of anal tube (Fig. 12 H – I) as long as wide; posterior margin (Fig. 12 H) rounded; setose.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF8F5F3EA47697D845E1FD79.taxon	discussion	Remarks The new species is apparently very similar to B. rugosa Metcalf, 1923 based on the descriptions and illustrations by Metcalf (1923) and Doering (1939), but can be distinguished from the latter by its darker coloration and slightly more produced snout. Both species are also similar to Fitchiella zahniseri sp. nov., but can be distinguished from the latter by their shorter snout. Unfortunately, the holotype of B. rugosa was not studied herein (it was not found at the INHS collection), but a photograph of a specimen in the L. B. O’Brien collection identified by Doering is available online. Nevertheless, B. rugosa is most likely a species of Fitchiella, based mainly on the shape of the snout and coloration, however, a detailed study of the holotype of B. rugosa is necessary to better allocate this species. The remarkable coloration of F. brachyrhina sp. nov., F. zahniseri sp. nov. and B. rugosa is also present in other species of Fitchiella, such as the type species, Fitchiella robertsoni (Fitch, 1856). These four species can be distinguished from other species of Fitchiella by their color pattern or by the lack of foliaceous legs. Furthermore, these species of Fitchiella can be easily distinguished from the others by the size of their snout. Unfortunately, the connective of the studied specimen was damaged during dissection, but connective shape does not seem informative enough to distinguish genera or species of Peltonotellini.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF8C5F3AA46597B242D7FAFE.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 24 D 79 AE 7 - EA 07 - 4 A 0 D-AF 6 D-FFBA 6 D 5 A 9107 Figs 13 – 15, 26 F	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF8C5F3AA46597B242D7FAFE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body mainly stramineous with several dark brown maculae and sensory pits bordered by dark brown (Fig. 13); snout longer than interocular distance (measured from base to tip) with apex rounded in frontal and lateral view (Fig. 13 A, C – D, F); lateral lobe of pronotum with four sensory pits arranged in a row (Fig. 13 C); forewings with reticulated venation (Fig. 13 B – C, E – F); abdominal tergites (Figs 13 C, F, 26 F) with row of sensory pits followed by single isolated ventral sensory pit (tergite IV and V) or isolated pair of diagonally aligned ventral sensory pits (tergites VI to VII).	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF8C5F3AA46597B242D7FAFE.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific name ʻ zahniseri ʼ is in honor of Dr James Zahniser (USDA = US Department of Agriculture) who collected the type series of this species in Panama and kindly sent us photographs of holotypes of Caliscelidae deposited at the NMNH.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF8C5F3AA46597B242D7FAFE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype PANAMA • ♂; Verugas, Pan-Am Highway, 40 km W of Santiago; 08.20298 ° N, 081.18768 ° W; 166 m a. s. l.; Aug. 2005; J. N. Zahniser leg.; sweep; DNA voucher ENT 4204; NMNH. Paratypes PANAMA • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; INHS • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; DZRJ.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF8C5F3AA46597B242D7FAFE.taxon	description	Description BODY LENGTH. Male = 2.7 mm; females = 3.5 mm. COLORATION. Body mainly stramineous with several dark brown maculae and sensory pits bordered by dark brown; dark brown maculae darker and more extensive in males than females (Fig. 13 A – C vs Fig. 13 D – F). Vertex (Fig. 13 B, E) with pair of large dark brown maculae. Frons (Fig. 13 A, D) with pair of dark brown stripes bordering sublateral carinae and dark brown stripe covering median carina; side of frons (Fig. 13 C, F) dark brown where sensory pits are lacking. Gena (Fig. 13 C, F) with large dark brown macula. Clypeus in lateral view (Fig. 13 C, F) with dorsal portion extended anteriorly dark brown, median portion stramineous, ventral portion dark brown. Lateral lobe of pronotum (Fig. 13 C, F) with anterior portion dark brown. Mesonotum (Fig. 13 B, E) region between lateral carinae stramineous with pair of elongated dark brown maculae near lateral carinae. Forewings (Fig. 13 B – C, E – F) light brown with veins white; white stripes within cells. Legs stramineous with some elongated dark brown maculae. Abdomen (Fig. 13 B – C, E – F) with several elongated dark brown maculae starting from sensory pits and extending posteriorly; dark brown maculae forming continuous longitudinal line between row of sensory pits and isolated one. HEAD AND THORAX. Vertex (Fig. 13 B, E) hexagonal, as long as half its width, as long as half of pronotum length, with slight median carina; posterior margin slightly elevated. Frons (Fig. 13 A, D) with median carina and pair of sublateral carinae; sublateral carinae convergent and fused to each other ventrally (Fig. 13 A, D); central plate (Fig. 13 A, D) longer than wide at widest portion, visible in dorsal view (Fig. 13 B, E), not extending anteriorly beyond sublateral carinae in lateral view (Fig. 13 C, F); sides of frons partially visible in frontal view (Fig. 13 A, D), fused above clypeus, with two rows of sensory pits in lateral view: anterior row with eight sensory pits, five dorsal ones grouped together, followed by three isolated ones ventrally to concavity on anterior margin of frons; posterior row with four sensory pits. Clypeus (Fig. 13 C, F) not swollen, with dorsal portion extending anteriorly, consequently pushing frons and producing moderately produced snout; snout in dorsal view (Fig. 13 B) longer than interocular distance (measured from base to tip), rounded in frontal and lateral view (Fig. 13 C, F), with median carina. Ocelli absent. Eye oblong. Antenna short, with several small circular structures visible on pedicel. Pronotum (Fig. 13 B, E) semicircular, shorter than half its width; posterior margin straight; with median carina; surface of disc almost completely covered by 15 sensory pits on each side; lateral lobe of pronotum (Fig. 13 C, F) with four sensory pits arranged in a row. Mesonotum (Fig. 13 B, E) with slight median carina and pair of lateral carinae; region between lateral carinae depressed, without sensory pits; region outerad of lateral carinae with 11 to 12 sensory pits on each side. Brachypterous, with reticulated venation. Legs simple, with carinae and setae; tibia III with single median spine. ABDOMEN. Terga with longitudinal carina. Tergite III (Figs 13 C, F, 26 F) without sensory pits. Tergite IV (Figs 13 C, F, 26 F) with one row of four to seven (four in holotype) sensory pits, with penultimate one slightly displaced, followed by single isolated ventral one. Tergite V (Figs 13 C, F, 26 F) with one row of four to five (five in holotype) sensory pits, with penultimate one slightly displaced, followed by single isolated ventral one. Tergites VI and VII (Figs 13 C, F, 26 F) with one row of four to five (five in holotype) sensory pits, with penultimate one slightly displaced, followed by isolated ventral pair aligned diagonally. Tergite VIII (Fig. 26 F) with one sensory pit. MALE TERMINALIA. Pygofer (Fig. 14 A) narrow, with anterior margin deeply concave; posterior margin almost straight, except for slight concavity near ventral portion. Connective (Fig. 14 B) inverted Y-shaped, with support bridge with dorsal lap. Style (Fig. 14 C – D) hook-like; anterior portion pointed; caudal portion strongly curved anterodorsally and converging towards the other in dorsal view (Fig. 14 C); dorsal margin (Fig. 14 D) with slight protuberance on median third; ventral margin (Fig. 14 D) with straight angle between anterior and middle third, after that mostly rounded; median portion (Fig. 14 D) longer than high, setose; apex serrated. Phallobase (Fig. 14 E – H) sclerotized, symmetrical, with two defined lobes; apex with pair of lobes truncate in dorsal view (Fig. 14 E – F), rounded in lateral view (Fig. 14 G – H), with dorsal process near apex in lateral view (Fig. 14 G – H) surrounding apical half of aedeagus; with flap covering aedeagal hook in lateral view (Fig. 14 G – H). Aedeagus (Fig. 14 E – F) apex narrow and open dorsally; with pair of hooks, one curved anterodorsally, other curved posteroventrally in lateral view (Fig. 14 G – H). Suspensorium V-shaped. Segment X of anal tube (Fig. 14 I – J) as long as wide; posterior margin (Fig. 14 I) rounded; segment XI of anal tube almost reaching posterior margin of segment X; setose. FEMALE TERMINALIA. Posterior margin of sternite VII (Fig. 15 B) with median portion produced, setose. Gonoplac (Fig. 15 C) sclerotized, sub-rectangular with apex truncate, setose. Anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII (Fig. 15 D) with two conspicuous apical teeth: innermost narrower and longer than outer one; with two small spines laterad of outer tooth. Posterior connective lamina of gonapophysis IX (Fig. 15 E – F) distal part in lateral view (Fig. 15 F) with longitudinal row of nine to 10 wide, triangular, inclined spines; middle portion with several pits (Fig. 15 F); apex setose (Fig. 15 F). Segment X of anal tube (Fig. 15 G – H) longer than wide at widest portion; posterior margin (Fig. 15 G) with apex rounded; setose.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF8C5F3AA46597B242D7FAFE.taxon	discussion	Remarks The new species resembles Fitchiella robertsoni (type species) and F. brachyrhina sp. nov., sharing the following characteristics: (1) pattern of coloration (Figs 11, 13); (2) brachypterous with reticulated venation and with stripes within cells (Figs 11 B, E, 13 B, E); (3) overall shape of snout (Figs 11 C, F, 13 C, F), with anteroventrally produced clypeus, concavity on anterior margin of frons, and knobbed apex (Figs 11 C, 13 C, E); and (4) pattern of distribution of abdominal sensory pits (Fig. 26 E – F). However, the new species can be distinguished from these two similar species by the following combination of characteristics: (1) snout (Fig. 13 C, F) intermediate in length between the two previously described species, with apex less rounded and swollen than in F. robertsoni; and (2) lateral lobe of pronotum with four sensory pits (Fig. 13 C, F). Other species in Fitchiella, such as F. rufipes Lawson, 1933 and F. grandis Lawson, 1933, among other, are easily distinguished from these species, F. robertsoni and F. brachyrhina sp. nov., by: (1) overall shape of snout, which is straight in some species, without concavity on anterior margin of frons and flattened laterally; (2) different pattern of coloration; (3) forewings without reticulated venation; (4) dorsoventrally expanded legs, more or less foliaceous in some species; and (5) different pattern of distribution of abdominal sensory pits (based on photographs of F. rufipes). More studies are necessary to better define Fitchiella.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF885F37A44190E84319FCB4.taxon	description	Figs 16 – 17, 26 G	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF885F37A44190E84319FCB4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body mainly black and pale-yellow, with central plate of frons white and sublateral carinae black, forewing dark brown to black with oblique white stripe over claval suture, abdomen almost black, with broad pale-yellow median longitudinal stripe dorsally and narrower discontinuous white to paleyellow longitudinal stripes laterally, legs reddish brown (Fig. 16); clypeus swollen (Fig. 16 A, C), with weak carina incomplete ventrally (Fig. 16 A); abdominal tergites (Figs 16 C, 26 G) with one sensory pit followed by single isolated ventral sensory pit (tergite IV and V) or isolated pair of diagonally aligned ventral sensory pits (tergites VI to VII).	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF885F37A44190E84319FCB4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined MEXICO • 1 ♀; “ COAH ” [Coahuila de Zaragoza], Cuahtemoc rd., Km 7.4; 25.27970 ° N, 100.98747 ° W; 2120 m a. s. l.; Oct. 2005; C. Dietrich leg.; vacuum sample; INHS • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; DNA voucher ENT 4919; DZRJ.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF885F37A44190E84319FCB4.taxon	description	Description BODY LENGTH. Females = 3.3 to 3.5 mm. COLORATION. Body mainly black and pale-yellow (Fig. 16 A – C). Central plate of frons (Fig. 16 A) white, sublateral carinae black and side of frons pale-yellow in frontal view. Clypeus mainly black, with dorsal portion pale-yellow (Fig. 16 A). Vertex (Fig. 16 B) white to pale-yellow with two pairs of brown maculae; pronotum and mesonotum (Fig. 16 B) with pale-yellow continuous median longitudinal broad stripe. Gena (Fig. 16 C) pale-yellow; with oblique black stripe starting at ventral margin of eyes, reaching clypeus and drop-like black macula near anteroventral margin of eye. Lateral lobe of pronotum (Fig. 16 C) with anterior portion black and posterior portion pale-yellow continuous to forewing stripe. Forewing (Fig. 16 B – C) dark brown to black, with oblique white stripe over claval suture. Abdomen (Fig. 16 B – C) dark brown, almost black, with broad pale-yellow median longitudinal stripe dorsally and narrower discontinuous white to pale-yellow longitudinal stripes laterally. Legs (Fig. 16 A, C) reddish brown. HEAD AND THORAX. Vertex (Fig. 16 B) hexagonal, as long as half its width, as long as pronotum; posterior margin slightly elevated. Frons (Fig. 16 A) with weak median carina and pair of sublateral carinae; sublateral carinae reaching clypeus ventrally (Fig. 16 A); central plate (Fig. 16 A) longer than wide at widest portion, not visible in dorsal view (Fig. 16 B), not extending anteriorly beyond sublateral carinae in lateral view (Fig. 16 C); sides of frons partially visible in frontal view (Fig. 16 A), not fused above clypeus, with two rows of sensory pits on each side in lateral view (Fig. 16 C): anterior row with eight sensory pits, two ventral ones slightly displaced; posterior row with four sensory pits, ventral one slightly isolated. Clypeus (Fig. 16 C) swollen, with weak carina incomplete ventrally. Ocelli absent. Eye oblong. Antenna short, with several small circular structures visible on pedicel. Pronotum (Fig. 16 B) semicircular, shorter than half its width, without median carina; median portion of disc without sensory pits and with posterior portion slightly elevated; lateral portion of disc with 15 to 17 sensory pits; lateral lobe of pronotum (Fig. 16 C) with one sensory pit. Mesonotum (Fig. 16 B) without median carina and with pair of lateral carinae; region between lateral carinae depressed, without sensory pits; region laterad of lateral carina with 14 sensory pits. Brachypterous, with reduced venation. Legs simple, with carinae and setae; tibia III with single median spine. ABDOMEN. Terga without longitudinal carinae. Tergite III (Figs 16 C, 26 G) without sensory pits. Tergites IV and V (Figs 16 C, 26 G) with one sensory pit followed by single isolated ventral one. Tergites VI and VII (Figs 16 C, 26 G) with one sensory pit followed by isolated ventral pair aligned diagonally. Tergite VIII with one sensory pit. FEMALE TERMINALIA. Posterior margin of sternite VII (Fig. 17 B) with sub-rectangular median projection; lateral portions concave; setose. Gonoplac (Fig. 17 C) sclerotized, sub-rectangular with apex convex; setose. Anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII (Fig. 17 D) with three apical teeth: all subequal, two outermost closer to each other than to inner one. Posterior connective lamina of gonapophysis IX (Fig. 17 E – F) distal part in lateral view (Fig. 17 F) with longitudinal row of six wide triangular spines; spines extending anteriorly to stem (Fig. 17 F); middle portion with several pits (Fig. 17 F); apex setose (Fig. 17 F). Segment X of anal tube (Fig. 17 G – H) longer than wide at widest portion; caudal margin (Fig. 17 G) pointed with apex rounded; setose.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF885F37A44190E84319FCB4.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species was originally placed in Aphelonema and later transferred to Nenema by Emeljanov (1996). This species has all the diagnostic combination of characteristics of this genus (see Discussion), so we are following Emeljanov’s allocation. The original description and illustrations of the dorsal view of the body and lateral view of the head by Doering (1941) suffice to identify this species. Unfortunately, we could not redescribe male terminalia of this species due to lack of male specimens. The original description does not include information about abdominal sensory pits or female terminalia. As indicated by Doering (1941), this species is similar to Nenema bivittata (Ball, 1902), Nenema confragosa (Doering, 1941) and Nenema convergens (Bunn, 1930) and can be distinguished from these species by the pattern of coloration (Doering 1941).	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF855F33A4279622404BFC34.taxon	description	Figs 18 – 20, 26 H	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF855F33A4279622404BFC34.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body mainly light yellowish-brown, with broad continuous pale-yellow longitudinal stripe crossing vertex, pronotum and mesonotum; abdomen with one median and two pairs of lateral black longitudinal stripes (Fig. 18); frons with median carina (Fig. 18 A, D), sublateral carinae ventrally curved (Fig. 18 A, D), central plate round, slightly extending anteriorly beyond sublateral carinae in lateral view (Fig. 18 C, F); sides of frons with two rows of sensory pits on each side (Fig. 18 C); abdominal tergites (Figs 18 C, F, 26 H) with row of sensory pits followed by isolated ventral pair (tergite IV) or one isolated row of three sensory pits almost aligned vertically (tergites V to VII), tergite VIII with more than one sensory pit.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF855F33A4279622404BFC34.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined MEXICO • 1 ♂; “ DUR ” [Durango], W of Durango, route 40, Km 31; 23.94487 ° N, 104.85435 ° W; 2500 m a. s. l.; Oct. 2005; C. Dietrich leg.; vacuum sample; DNA voucher ENT 4914; INHS • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; INHS.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF855F33A4279622404BFC34.taxon	description	Description BODY LENGTH. Male = 2.6 mm; female = 3.0 mm. COLORATION. Body mainly light yellowish-brown (Fig. 18 A – F). Vertex, pronotum and mesonotum (Fig. 18 B, E) with broad continuous pale-yellow longitudinal stripe (faint on vertex). Gena (Fig. 18 C, F) with two black maculae, one in front of antenna and another under eye. Clypeus (Fig. 18 F) with black maculae laterally in females. Forewings hyaline (Fig. 18 B – C, E – F). Metathorax with wide black macula (Fig. 18 B – C, E – F). Abdomen (Fig. 18 B, E) with one median and two pairs of lateral black longitudinal stripes; lateral margin of tergites with thin white longitudinal stripe. HEAD AND THORAX. Vertex (Fig. 18 B, E) hexagonal, almost as long as half its width, as long as pronotum; posterior margin slightly elevated. Frons (Fig. 18 A, D) with median carina and pair of sublateral carinae; sublateral carinae convergent and almost fused to each other ventrally (Fig. 18 A, D); central plate (Fig. 18 A, D) almost as long as wide at widest portion, not visible in dorsal view (Fig. 18 B, E), slightly extending anteriorly beyond sublateral carinae in lateral view (Fig. 18 C, F); sides of frons partially visible in frontal view (Fig. 18 A), almost fused above clypeus, with two rows of sensory pits on each side in lateral view (Fig. 18 C, F): anterior row with eight sensory pits, five dorsal ones grouped together, followed by sixth isolated one aligned with antenna and pair of ventral ones isolated next to clypeus; posterior row with four sensory pits. Clypeus (Fig. 18 C, F) not swollen, with median carina, with protuberance in lateral view. Ocelli absent. Eye oblong. Antenna short, with several small circular structures visible on pedicel. Pronotum (Fig. 18 B, E) semicircular, shorter than half of its width, with median carina; median portion of disc without sensory pits; lateral portion of disc with 13 to 15 sensory pits; lateral lobe (Fig. 18 C, F) with four sensory pits arranged in group. Mesonotum (Fig. 18 B, E) with median carina and pair of lateral carinae; region between lateral carinae depressed, without sensory pits; region laterad of lateral carinae with 10 to 11 sensory pits. Brachypterous, with reduced venation. Legs simple, with carinae and setae; tibia III with single median spine. ABDOMEN. Terga with longitudinal carina. Tergite III (Figs 18 C, F, 26 H) without sensory pits. Tergite IV (Figs 18 C, F, 26 H) with one row of two sensory pits followed by isolated pair aligned vertically. Tergites V to VII (Figs 18 C, F, 26 H) with one row of two to four sensory pits followed by isolated row of three to four sensory pits aligned almost vertically. Tergite VIII (Fig. 26 H) with three sensory pits. MALE TERMINALIA. Pygofer (Fig. 19 A) narrow, with anterior margin deeply concave; posterior margin dorsal third with convexity, middle third slightly convex, ventral third with convexity. Connective (Fig. 19 B) inverted Y-shaped, with support bridge with dorsal flap. Style (Fig. 19 C – D) hook-like; anterior portion pointed; caudal portion strongly curved anterodorsally, converging towards the other in dorsal view (Fig. 19 C); dorsal margin (Fig. 19 D) almost straight to caudal portion; ventral margin (Fig. 19 D) with straight angle between anterior third and middle third, remainder rounded; median portion (Fig. 19 D) as long as high, setose; apex serrated (Fig. 19 D). Phallobase (Fig. 19 E – H) sclerotized, symmetrical, with two defined lobes; apex with pair of lobes truncated in dorsal view (Fig. 19 E – F) and rounded in lateral view (Fig. 19 G – H); sides expanded and rounded (Fig. 19 E – F); with pointed dorsal process near apex in lateral view (Fig. 19 G – H), surrounding apical half of aedeagus. Aedeagus (Fig. 19 E – F) with apex narrow and open dorsally, with pair of aedeagal hooks, each curved laterally and crossing the other in dorsal view (Fig. 19 E – F); one aedeagal hook curved anterodorsally and another curved anteroventrally in lateral view (Fig. 19 G – H). Suspensorium V-shaped. Segment X of anal tube (Fig. 19 I – J) as long as wide; posterior margin (Fig. 19 I) rounded; setose. FEMALE TERMINALIA. Posterior margin of sternite VII (Fig. 20 B) with median portion roundly produced; setose. Gonoplac (Fig. 20 C) sclerotized, sub-triangular, setose. Anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII (Fig. 20 D) with three large apical teeth: innermost larger than outer ones; and smaller teeth between and laterad of larger ones. Posterior connective lamina of gonapophysis IX (Fig. 20 E – F) distal part with longitudinal row of eight long, narrow, triangular oblique spines in lateral view; middle portion with several pits (Fig. 20 F); apex setose (Fig. 20 F); region between distal parts with patch of small setae (Fig. 20 E). Segment X of anal tube (Fig. 20 G – H) as long as wide at widest portion; posterior margin (Fig. 20 G) with apex rounded; setose.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF855F33A4279622404BFC34.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species was originally placed in Aphelonema and was later transferred to Protrocha by Emeljanov (1996). However, this species has only part of the diagnostic combination of generic characteristics (see Discussion), sharing other characteristics with Aphelonema, such as (1) sides of frons in upper half with two parallel rows of sensory pits (Fig. 18 C, F); and (2) abdomen with sensory pits aligned in one row (Fig. 18 C, F, 26 H). Additionally, the male terminalia (Fig. 19) of this species are similar to those observed in other species of Aphelonema (as A. brevata, see Fig. 2) and when compared with the type species of Protrocha, the central plate of frons and the distribution of sensory pits on sides of frons are different. We chose to follow Emeljanov’s allocation of this species in Protrocha because we couldn’t check the holotype of this species. Specimens at hand were identified based on the original description and illustrations of Caldwell (1945) mainly because of: (1) the shape of vertex, central plate of frons and pronotum; (2) the lateral lobe of pronotum with four grouped sensory pits (Fig. 18 C, F); and (3) the coloration with five black stripes on abdomen (Fig. 18 B, E). Unfortunately, we were unable to study the holotype (not found at NMNH). The holotype is a female and the original description does not include information about abdominal sensory pits. The only information on the female terminalia given by Caldwell (1945) is “ Last ventral segment of female with a broad caudal flap gently notched in the center. ” However, our female (which was dissected) does not have the mentioned median notch of sternite VII.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF815F0FA47B96E94376FB41.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 82 B 4 DCB 5 - D 192 - 4 D 93 - 86 E 0 - 55 B 01 D 97892 C Figs 21 – 23, 26 I	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF815F0FA47B96E94376FB41.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body mainly black with vertex, pronotum and mesonotum light yellowish-brown with white median longitudinal stripe continuing over abdomen; forewing black with clavus hyaline yellow and with broad white stripe along claval suture (Fig. 21); frons with median carina (Fig. 21 A, D), sublateral carinae ventrally horizontally straight (Fig. 21 A, D), central plate oblong, not extending anteriorly beyond sublateral carinae in lateral view (Fig. 21 C, F); sides of frons with several sensory pits not arranged in rows (Fig. 21 C, F) and pair of isolated sensory pits placed under horizontal portion of sublateral carinae, just above clypeus, on each side (Fig. 21 A, D); abdominal tergites (Figs 21 C, F, 26 I) with row (tergite IV) or group of sensory pits followed by isolated ventral pair (tergite IV) or group of three to four sensory pits (tergites V to VII).	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF815F0FA47B96E94376FB41.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific name ʻ nigrilutea ʼ (ʻ nigri ʼ, Latin = ʻblackʼ; ʻ lutea ʼ, Latin = ʻyellowʼ) refers to the coloration of this species.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF815F0FA47B96E94376FB41.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype MEXICO • ♂; “ MICH ” [Michoacán], Morelia-Guadalajara, route 15, Km 313; 19.98883 ° N, 101.79947 ° W; 1900 m a. s. l.; Oct. 2005; R. Rakitov leg.; sweep; DNA voucher ENT 4921; INHS. Paratypes MEXICO • 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; INHS • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; DZRJ.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF815F0FA47B96E94376FB41.taxon	description	Description BODY LENGTH. Males = 2.5 to 2.8 mm; females = 3.4 to 3.8 mm. COLORATION. Males and females with same coloration (Fig. 21 A – F). Vertex, pronotum and mesonotum light yellowish-brown with broad median longitudinal white stripe (Fig. 21 B, E). Lateral lobe of pronotum (Fig. 21 C, F) dorsally black and ventrally white. Frons pale (Fig. 21 A, D); sides of frons, gena and clypeus black (Fig. 21 C, F). Gena (Fig. 21 C, F) with white macula along clypeus margin. Forewings (Fig. 21 B – C, E – F) black, clavus hyaline yellow, with broad white stripe along claval suture. Legs (Fig. 21 B – C, E – F) black with pale maculae on femora; tarsi brown. Abdomen (Fig. 21 B – C, E – F) black with broad white longitudinal median stripe, with white longitudinal continuous stripe along lateral margins of tergites in lateral view (Fig. 21 C, F), with some red maculae in between abdominal segments (Fig. 21 F). HEAD AND THORAX. Vertex (Fig. 21 B, E) hexagonal, as long as half its width, as long as pronotum length; posterior margin slightly elevated. Frons (Fig. 21 A, D) with median carina and pair of sublateral carinae; sublateral carinae convergent, almost fused to each other, ventrally horizontally straight (Fig. 21 A, D); central plate (Fig. 21 A, D) oblong, as long as wide at widest portion, not visible in dorsal view (Fig. 21 B, E), not extending anteriorly beyond sublateral carinae in lateral view (Fig. 21 C, F); sides of frons partially visible in frontal view, almost fused above clypeus (Fig. 21 A, D), in lateral view with 21 sensory pits not arranged in rows and pair of isolated sensory pits placed under horizontal portion of sublateral carinae, just above clypeus, on each side. Clypeus (Fig. 21 C, F) not swollen, without carinae. Ocelli absent. Eye oblong. Antenna short, with several small circular structures visible on pedicel. Pronotum (Fig. 21 B, E) semicircular, as long as half its width; with median carina; median portion of disc depressed, without sensory pits; lateral portion of disc with 21 to 22 sensory pits on each side; lateral lobe of pronotum (Fig. 21 C, F) with four sensory pits arranged in group. Mesonotum (Fig. 21 B, E) with median carina and pair of lateral carinae; region between lateral carinae depressed, without sensory pits; region outerad of lateral carina with nine to 11 sensory pits. Brachypterous, with reduced venation. Legs simple, with carinae and setae; tibia III with single median spine. ABDOMEN. Terga with longitudinal carina. Tergite III (Figs 21 C, F, 26 I) without sensory pits. Tergite IV (Figs 21 C, F, 26 I) with one row of three to four (four in holotype) sensory pits, with penultimate one displaced, followed by isolated ventral pair aligned diagonally (Figs 21 C, F, 26 I). Tergite V (Figs 21 C, F, 26 I) with one row of four to five (five in holotype) sensory pits, with penultimate one displaced, followed by isolated ventral pair aligned diagonally or group of three sensory pits (Figs 21 C, F, 26 I). Tergite VI (Figs 21 C, F, 26 I) with group of five to six (six in holotype) sensory pits followed by isolated ventral group of three sensory pits. Tergite VII (Figs 21 C, F, 26 I) with group of five to six (six in holotype) sensory pits followed by isolated ventral group of three to four (four in holotype) sensory pits. Tergite VIII (Figs 21 C, F, 26 I) with one sensory pit. MALE TERMINALIA. Pygofer (Fig. 22 A) wide, with anterior margin deeply concave; posterior margin with concavity at middle third; ventral portion broad; setose. Connective (Fig. 22 B) inverted Y-shaped, with support bridge with dorsal flap. Style (Fig. 22 C – D) hook-like; anterior portion pointed; caudal portion strongly curved anterodorsally, converging towards the other in dorsal view (Fig. 22 C); dorsal margin (Fig. 22 D) sinuous; ventral margin (Fig. 22 D) with straight angle between anterior and middle third, after that almost rounded, with round projection in middle of middle third; middle portion (Fig. 22 D) as long as wide, setose; apex serrated (Fig. 22 D). Phallobase (Fig. 22 E – H) sclerotized, symmetrical, with middle portion rounded and narrowing to apex in dorsal view, drop-shaped; apex pointed in dorsal view (Fig. 22 E – F), irregularly rounded in lateral view (Fig. 22 G – H), surrounding aedeagus almost completely. Aedeagus (Fig. 22 E – F) with apex narrowing and open dorsally; with pair of hooks on same side of phallus; in dorsal view (Fig. 22 E – F), one hook strongly spiraled with apex curved posteriorly, other basally directed anteriorly but curved posteriorly; aedeagal hook spiraled dorsally in lateral view (Fig. 22 G – H). Suspensorium V-shaped. Segment X of anal tube (Fig. 22 I – J) as long as wide at widest portion; posterior margin (Fig. 22 I) rounded; setose. FEMALE TERMINALIA. Posterior margin of sternite VII (Fig. 23 B) with median portion produced and with median concavity; lateral portion slightly concave; setose. Gonoplac (Fig. 23 C) sclerotized, subrectangular with apex truncate, setose. Anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII (Fig. 23 D) with six apical teeth: three long, rounded and curved teeth, innermost larger than outer ones, with three small, rounded, straight teeth between them and outerad of them. Posterior connective lamina of gonapophysis IX (Fig. 23 E – F) distal part in lateral view (Fig. 23 F) with longitudinal row of six to eight wide spines; middle portion with several pits (Fig. 23 F); apex setose (Fig. 23 F); region between distal parts with two patches of small setae (Fig. 23 E). Segment X of anal tube (Fig. 23 G – H) longer than wide; caudal margin (Fig. 23 G) slightly pointed; with setae.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFF815F0FA47B96E94376FB41.taxon	discussion	Remarks Although this new species has two to three isolated sensory pits on the abdominal tergites IV and V, and three or four sensory pits on tergite VII (Figs 21 C, F, 26 I) (see Discussion), we chose to allocate this species in Protrocha based on comparisons with photographs of the holotype of P. orbiculata (Ball, 1935) (type species of the genus), with which the new species shares the overall shape of body and distribution of sensory pits on the frons and abdomen (except for the tergites IV and V). The new species was compared to species of Aphelonema described and illustrated in the works of Doering (1941) and Caldwell (1945) and we conclude it is a new species. This species can be distinguished from the type species of the genus, P. orbiculata, by the following combination of characteristics: (1) pronotum shape semicircular in P. orbiculata and sub-rectangular in P. nigrilutea (Fig. 21 B, E); (2) sublateral carinae straight ventrally in P. nigrilutea (Fig. 21 A, D); (3) all abdominal tergites with three isolated sensory pits in P. orbiculata but varying from two to three on tergites IV and V and three to four on tergites VI and VII in P. nigrilutea (Fig. 21 C, F, 26 I).	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFFBD5F0BA470907A4476FDEB.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 32899 C 75 - BD 40 - 461 E-B 89 E- 094 CF 2 FF 8 E 52 Figs 24 – 25, 26 J	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFFBD5F0BA470907A4476FDEB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body mainly brown with broad pale-yellow median stripe crossing vertex, pronotum and mesonotum (Fig. 24); frons with median carina (Fig. 24 A), sublateral carinae ventrally curved (Fig. 24 A), central plate of frons oblong (Fig. 24 A), not extending anteriorly beyond sublateral carinae in lateral view (Fig. 24 C); sides of frons with two well-defined rows of sensory pits and some sensory pits between rows on each side (Fig. 24 C); abdominal tergites (Figs 24 C, 26 J) with row (tergite IV) or group of sensory pits followed by three to four sensory pits almost aligned vertically (tergites V to VII).	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFFBD5F0BA470907A4476FDEB.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific name ʻ punctatosa ʼ (ʻ punctat- ʼ, Latin = ʻpuncturedʼ; ʻ - osa ʼ, Latin = ʻfull ofʼ) refers to several sensory pits covering some structures of the body of this species.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFFBD5F0BA470907A4476FDEB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype MEXICO • ♂; “ COAH ” [Coahuila de Zaragoza], Cuahtemoc rd., Km 7.4; 25.27970 ° N, 100.98747 ° W; 2120 m a. s. l.; Oct. 2005; C. Dietrich leg.; vacuum sample; DNA voucher ENT 4916; INHS.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFFBD5F0BA470907A4476FDEB.taxon	description	Description BODY LENGTH. Male = 2.3 mm. COLORATION. Body mainly brown with broad pale-yellow median stripe crossing vertex, pronotum and mesonotum (Fig. 24 A – C). Clypeus with median longitudinal pale-yellow stripe (Fig. 24 B). Sensory pits on body lighter than background color (Fig. 24 A – C). Forewings hyaline brown (Fig. 24 B – C). Legs (Fig. 24 A, C) pale-yellow with brown maculae on femora and longitudinal stripes on tibiae. HEAD AND THORAX. Vertex (Fig. 24 B) hexagonal, as long as half its width, as long as pronotum; posterior margin slightly elevated. Frons (Fig. 24 A) with median carina and pair of sublateral carinae; sublateral carinae convergent and almost fused ventrally (Fig. 24 A); central plate (Fig. 24 A) oblong, as long as wide at widest portion, not visible in dorsal view (Fig. 24 B), not extending anteriorly beyond sublateral carinae in lateral view (Fig. 24 C); sides of frons partially visible in frontal view, almost fused above clypeus (Fig. 24 A) in lateral view, with two well-defined rows of sensory pits and some sensory pits between rows on each side: anterior row with 10 sensory pits, seven dorsal ones grouped, followed by eighth isolated one aligned to antenna and isolated ventral pair, with three to four sensory pits between anterior and posterior row; posterior row with six to seven sensory pits. Clypeus (Fig. 24 A, C) not swollen and without carina. Ocelli absent. Eye oblong. Antenna short, with several small circular structures visible on pedicel. Pronotum (Fig. 24 B) semicircular, as long as half its width; posterior margin concave; with median carina; median portion of disc depressed, without sensory pits; lateral portion of disc with 20 to 22 sensory pits on each side; lateral lobe of pronotum (Fig. 24 C) with four sensory pits arranged in group. Mesonotum (Fig. 24 B) with median carina and pair of lateral carinae; region between lateral carinae depressed and without sensory pits; region laterad of lateral carina with 11 sensory pits. Brachypterous, with reduced venation. Legs simple, with carinae and setose; tibia III with single median spine. ABDOMEN. Terga with longitudinal carina. Tergite III (Figs 24 C, 26 J) without sensory pits. Tergite IV (Figs 24 C, 26 J) with one row of four sensory pits followed by one isolated ventral row of three pits. Tergites V to VI (Figs 24 C, 26 J) with one anterior row of five sensory pits and posterior single displaced one, followed by isolated ventral row of three pits. Tergite VII (Figs 24 C, 26 J) with one anterior row of five sensory pits and posterior row of two pits, followed by one isolated ventral group of four pits. Tergite VIII with one sensory pit. MALE TERMINALIA. Pygofer (Fig. 25 A) with anterior margin deeply concave; posterior margin with dorsal third almost straight and with slight concavity at middle third. Connective (Fig. 25 B) inverted Y-shaped, with support bridge with dorsal flap. Styles (Fig. 25 C – D) hook-like; anterior portion pointed; posterior portion curved anterodorsally, converging towards the other in dorsal view (Fig. 25 C); dorsal margin (Fig. 25 D) mostly straight before curvature with three small spines near apex; ventral margin (Fig. 25 D) with straight angle between anterior and middle third, after that mostly rounded; middle portion longer than high, setose; apex serrated. Phallobase (Fig. 25 E – H) sclerotized, asymmetrical, with one side more extended anteriorly and more elevated than other side (Fig. 25 E – F); apex rounded in lateral view (Fig. 25 G – H), surrounding apical half of aedeagus. Aedeagus (Fig. 25 E – F) with apex narrow and open dorsally; with single aedeagal hook curved anteriorly to right side in dorsal view (Fig. 25 E – F) and curved anteroventrally in lateral view (Fig. 25 G – H). Suspensorium V-shaped. Segment X of anal tube (Fig. 25 I and 25 J) longer than wide; posterior margin (Fig. 25 I) pointed with apex rounded; setose.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
4C61685FFFBD5F0BA470907A4476FDEB.taxon	discussion	Remarks The new species presents all of the diagnostic characteristics of Protrocha mentioned by Emeljanov (1996; see Discussion) and is therefore placed in this genus. The new species was compared to species of Aphelonema described and illustrated in the works of Doering (1941) and Caldwell (1945) and it can be distinguished from them by the following combination of characteristics: (1) all abdominal tergites (except VIII) with a group of three isolated sensory pits (Figs 24 C, 26 J); (2) pattern of coloration (Fig. 24 A – C); and (3) overall shape of male terminalia (Fig. 25 A – J). Additionally, this species was compared to photographs of the holotype of the type species of the genus, Protrocha orbiculata (Ball, 1935), and it is similar in overall body shape and distribution of sensory pits on the frons and abdomen.	en	de Freitas, Abner S., Dietrich, Christopher H., Takiya, Daniela M. (2020): Five new species of Caliscelidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from Mexico and Panama, with additional redescriptions of little-known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 717: 27-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.717.1097
