identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2EAC5E3BF24957ED84EC9C68089ABD5A.text	2EAC5E3BF24957ED84EC9C68089ABD5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phylloporia crystallina Y. C. Dai, F. Wu, Meng Zhou & Vlasak 2022	<div><p>Phylloporia crystallina Y.C. Dai, F. Wu, Meng Zhou &amp; Vlasak sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2, 3</p><p>Type.</p><p>Ecuador, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.06666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.75/lat -0.06666667)">Mindo Valley</a>, San Carlos, Cascadas; alt. 1400m; 0°4'S, 78°45'W; 20 Jun. 2021; Vlasák leg.; on angiosperm freshly dead stump in tropical cloud forest; JV2106/102 (holotype BJFC038563, isotype PRM957106). GenBank: ON129551 (ITS); ON006467 (LSU)</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>- Crystallina (Lat.): refer to the species having abundant large rhomboid crystals in tube trama.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Phylloporia crystallina is characterized by pileate, perennial basidiomata with a thin layer of context between individual tube layers, a duplex context with a black line separating the upper tomentum and a lower compacted layer, small pores 9-10 per mm, a monomitic hyphal system, generative hyphae thin- to distinctly thick-walled with simple septa, the absence of cystidia and cystidioles, the presence of large rhomboid crystals in tube trama, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 2.8-3 × 2-2.3 μm, and growth on angiosperm stump in the Neotropics.</p><p>Basidiomata.</p><p>Perennial, effused reflexed, imbricate, broadly attached to the substrate, hard corky when fresh, woody hard when dry. Pilei applanate to semi-circular, projecting up to 2 cm and 3 cm wide. Pileal surface curry yellow to cinnamon buff when fresh, become purplish chestnut when dry, concentrically sulcate with narrow zones, densely tomentum when juvenile, become velutinate to matted with age, the tomentum up to 1 mm thick, wearing off, leaving a dense trichoderm, sometime covered by mosses; margin sharp, entire. Pore surface pinkish buff to buff yellow and glancing when fresh, become honey yellow when dry; pores round, 9-10 per mm; dissepiments thin, entire. Context umber, up to 3 mm thick, duplex, with a black line separating the upper tomentum and a lower compacted layer, the upper tomentum soft corky, the lower layer hard corky. Tubes fulvous, paler than context, up to 5 mm long, distinctly stratified, usually filled a thin context among tube layers.</p><p>Hyphal structure.</p><p>Hyphal system monomitic; generative hyphae simple septate; tissue darkening but otherwise unchanged in the shape of the hyphae in KOH.</p><p>Context. Hyphae in the lower context golden yellow, fairly thick-walled with a wide lumen, unbranched, frequently simple-septate, loosely interwoven, slightly CB+, 3-5 μm diam.; hyphae in the upper tomentum yellow, fairly thick-walled with a wide lumen, unbranched, frequently simple septate, straight, regularly arranged, 5-7 μm diam.</p><p>Tubes. Tramal hyphae hyaline to yellow, thin- to thick-walled with a narrow to medium lumen, rarely branched, frequently to occasionally simple septate, flexuous, loosely interwoven, slightly CB+, 2-3.5 μm diam.; hyphae at dissepiment edges smooth; large rhomboid crystals abundant among tube trama.</p><p>Hymenium. Cystidia and cystidioles absent; basidia barrel-shaped with four sterigmata and a simple septum at the base, 5-7 × 3.5-4 μm . Basidioles similar to basidia in shape, but slightly smaller. Basidiospores broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, yellowish, thick-walled, smooth, not collapsed, IKI-, CB-, (2.7-) 2.8-3 (-3.1) × 2-2.3 (-2.4) μm, L = 2.9 μm, W = 2.1 μm, Q = 1.38 (n = 30/1).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Phylogenetically (Fig. 1), Phylloporia crystallina is related to P. montana Oliveira-Filho &amp; Gibertoni (Wu et al. 2019). However, P. montana has wider pores (3-5 per mm vs. 9-10 per mm) and larger and cylindrical basidiospores (4-5 × 2-3 μm vs. 2.8-3 × 2-2.3 μm) (Wu et al. 2019). Morphologically, P. crystallina resembles P. crataegi L.W. Zhou &amp; Y.C. Dai by sharing perennial and pileate basidiomata with duplex context, a monomitic hyphal system, interwoven tramal hyphae, the absence of cystidia and cystidioles, and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores (Zhou and Dai 2012). However, the latter species differs from P. crystallina by the absence of rhomboid crystals, distinctly longer basidia (8-11 μm vs. 5-7 μm), and growth on living Crataegus in temperate China (Zhou and Dai 2012). In addition, P. crystallina and P. crataegi are phylogenetically distantly related (Fig. 1). P. chrysites (Berk.) Ryvarden is a Neotropical species. It has similar basidiospores as P. crystallina, but the former is readily distinguished from the latter by its annual habit and larger pores (9-10 per mm vs. pores 6-8 per mm, Wu et al. 2022).</p><p>Trametes lilliputiana Speg. and Pyropolyporus subpectinatus Murrill were originally described from Brazil and Cuba, respectively (Spegazzini 1889; Murrill 1908), and they were treated as synonyms of Phylloporia pectinata (Klotzsch) Ryvarden (Bresadola 1912; Ryvarden 1985; Rajchenberg and Wright 1987). However, these two taxa may be different from Phylloporia pectinata because its type locality is in India (Wu et al. 2022). The type of T. lilliputiana is sterile, but its pilei are confluent and thin, and its upper surface is smooth according to its original description (Spegazzini 1889). P. subpectinatus has globose basidiospores (Murrill 1908). So, these two taxa are closer or identical to P. pectinata which has a dimitic hyphal structure and globose basidiospores (Ryvarden 2004); while P. crystallina has a monomitic hyphal system and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2EAC5E3BF24957ED84EC9C68089ABD5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhou, Meng;Wu, Fang;Dai, Yu-Cheng;Vlasak, Josef	Zhou, Meng, Wu, Fang, Dai, Yu-Cheng, Vlasak, Josef (2022): Two new species of Phylloporia (Hymenochaetales) from the Neotropics. MycoKeys 90: 71-83, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.90.84767, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.90.84767
C58E74F909D65885A372835B90CFB8D1.text	C58E74F909D65885A372835B90CFB8D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phylloporia sumacoensis Y. C. Dai, F. Wu, Meng Zhou & Vlasak 2022	<div><p>Phylloporia sumacoensis Y.C. Dai, F. Wu, Meng Zhou &amp; Vlasak sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 4, 5</p><p>Type.</p><p>Ecuador, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.6666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.6/lat -0.6666667)">Guamani</a>, Wild Sumaco Lodge; alt. 1200m; 0°40'S, 77°36'W; 30. Sep. 2021; Vlasák leg.; on living liana in tropical cloud forest; JV2109/73 (holotype BJFC038576, isotype PRM957107). GenBank: ON129552 (ITS); ON006468 (LSU) .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>- Sumacoensis (Lat.): refer to the species being found close to Sumaco Vulcan, Ecuador.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Phylloporia sumacoensis is characterized by pileate, perennial basidiomata with a thin layer of context between individual tube layers, a duplex context with a black line separating the upper tomentum and a lower compacted layer, very small pores 10-12 per mm, a monomitic hyphal system, generative hyphae thin- to distinctly thick-walled with simple septa, the hyphae at dissepiment edges bearing fine crystals, presence of cystidioles, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores as 3-3.7 × 2.1-2.8 μm, and growth on living liana at medium elevation in the Neotropical cloud forest.</p><p>Basidiomata.</p><p>Perennial, pileate, solitary, broadly attached to the substrate, corky when fresh, hard corky when dry. Pilei applanate to semi-circular, projecting up to 4 cm, 5 cm wide and 15 mm thick at base. Pileal surface fuscous to vinaceous gray when fresh, become fulvous to date brown when dry, concentrically zonate and sulcate, densely tomentose, the tomentum up to 4 mm thick; margin obtuse, entire. Pore surface brownish gray to yellowish gray and glancing when fresh, become snuff brown when dry; pores round, 10-12 per mm; dissepiments thick, entire. Context fulvous, up to 8 mm thick, duplex, with a black line separating an upper soft corky tomentum, up to 4 mm thick and the lower compacted layer, hard corky, up to 4 mm thick. Tubes fawn, darker than context, up to 7 mm long, distinctly stratified, usually with a thin layer of context between individual tube layers.</p><p>Hyphal structure.</p><p>Hyphal system monomitic; generative hyphae simple septate; tissue darkening but otherwise unchanged in the shape of the hyphae in KOH.</p><p>Context. Hyphae in the lower context golden yellow, thick-walled with a narrow to medium lumen, unbranched, occasionally simple septate, interwoven, 3-5 μm diam.; hyphae in the tomentum brownish yellow, fairly thick-walled with a wide lumen, unbranched, frequently simple septate, some collapsed, loosely interwoven, 5-7 μm diam.</p><p>Tubes. Tramal hyphae hyaline to golden yellow, thin- to thick-walled with a narrow to medium lumen, rarely branched, frequently to occasionally simple septate, parallel or subparallel along the tubes, 2-4 μm diam.; hyphae at dissepiment edges bearing fine crystals.</p><p>Hymenium. Cystidia absent, fusoid cystidioles rarely present; basidia barrel-shaped with four sterigmata and a simple septum at the base, 10-12 × 4.5-5 μm . Basidioles similar to basidia in shape, but slightly smaller. Basidiospores broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, yellowish, thick-walled, smooth, some collapsed, IKI-, CB-, (2.9-)3-3.7(-3.9) × 2.1-2.8 μm, L = 3.18 μm, W = 2.48 μm, Q = 1.28 (n = 30/1).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Phylogenetically, Phylloporia sumacoensis is closely related to two other Neotropical species, P. spathulata (Hook.) Ryvarden sensu auctore and P. ulloae R. Valenz. et al. (Fig. 1). However, P. spathulata differs from P. sumacoensis in having stipitate basidiomata, wider pores (7-9 per mm vs. 10-12 per mm), and the absence of cystidioles (Ryvarden 2004). Phylloporia ulloae differs from P. sumacoensis in having wider pores (6-8 per mm vs. 10-12 per mm) and longer basidia (14.5-16 μm vs. 10-12 μm) (Valenzuela et al. 2011). Morphologically, P. sumacoensis is similar to P. fontanesiae L.W. Zhou &amp; Y.C. Dai by sharing same pores size and broadly ellipsoid basidiospore (Zhou and Dai 2012), but the latter species has an annual habit, shorter basidia (6-7 × 3.5-4 µm vs. 10-12 × 4.5-5 μm), shorter basidiospores (2.5-3 μm vs. 3-3.7 μm), and growth on living Fontanesia in Asia (Zhou and Dai 2012). In addition, P. sumacoensis and P. fontanesiae are phylogenetically distantly related (Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C58E74F909D65885A372835B90CFB8D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhou, Meng;Wu, Fang;Dai, Yu-Cheng;Vlasak, Josef	Zhou, Meng, Wu, Fang, Dai, Yu-Cheng, Vlasak, Josef (2022): Two new species of Phylloporia (Hymenochaetales) from the Neotropics. MycoKeys 90: 71-83, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.90.84767, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.90.84767
