taxonID	type	description	language	source
535BF735FFC03E4E589CA260FA574A02.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A genus of subfamily Lestidiinae with a relatively short body; head, snout and jaws relatively long compared to the short body in all sizes; nostrils directly above or slightly behind posterior end of maxilla; anus immediately behind pelvic-fin base; a well-developed ventral adipose fin between anus and anal-fin origin; and relatively low vertebrae count (75 – 80). Blotches usually present on dorsum and anal fin in juveniles but absent in adults. No luminous organs around eye, abdominal surface and inside abdominal cavity.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Pogonoski, John J. (2025): First adult record of Uncisudis advena (Rofen, 1963) from northwestern Australia (Family Paralepididae). Zootaxa 5673 (3): 424-430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.3.6
535BF735FFC03E4E589CA260FA574A02.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Based on Global Biodiversity Information Facility (https: // www. gbif. org /), Uncisudis are widely distributed in tropical to temperate seas in all three major oceans, with adults recorded from the Atlantic Ocean. Uncisudis longirostra is found mostly in the Atlantic Ocean, with some scattered records in the Pacific and western Indian oceans; U. quadrimaculata is found only in the Atlantic Ocean; U. advena is found in all three major oceans but absent in the eastern Pacific; and U. posteropelvis is found in the northern Pacific Ocean. Lanam (2022: 83) indicated that “ all [U. longirostra, U. quadrimaculata, U. advena] [are found] within the warmer waters near the equator. None of the species are in the colder oceans. Uncisudis advena has strong populations along the west coasts of the Atlantic Ocean while the other two species … do not follow the coasts as closely. ” According to our observation, Uncisudis posteropelvis which was known only from juveniles (not treated in Lanam 2022) has a similar distribution pattern to U. advena.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Pogonoski, John J. (2025): First adult record of Uncisudis advena (Rofen, 1963) from northwestern Australia (Family Paralepididae). Zootaxa 5673 (3): 424-430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.3.6
535BF735FFC03E4E589CA260FA574A02.taxon	discussion	Remarks. There are currently four valid species recognized in Uncisudis. The species are rather similar in general appearance, pigmentation, and share similar meristic counts. Although their differences are minor, the relative positions of pelvic, dorsal and anal fins seem to be important for identifying species. Because almost all specimens documented are juveniles, no complete information on their lateral-line scale and vertebral counts are available, adult specimens are needed to better understand these species.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Pogonoski, John J. (2025): First adult record of Uncisudis advena (Rofen, 1963) from northwestern Australia (Family Paralepididae). Zootaxa 5673 (3): 424-430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.3.6
535BF735FFC33E4C589CA09CFB664F7A.taxon	vernacular_names	English name: Alien Hooktooth Barracudina	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Pogonoski, John J. (2025): First adult record of Uncisudis advena (Rofen, 1963) from northwestern Australia (Family Paralepididae). Zootaxa 5673 (3): 424-430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.3.6
535BF735FFC33E4C589CA09CFB664F7A.taxon	description	Figure 1; Tables 1 – 2	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Pogonoski, John J. (2025): First adult record of Uncisudis advena (Rofen, 1963) from northwestern Australia (Family Paralepididae). Zootaxa 5673 (3): 424-430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.3.6
535BF735FFC33E4C589CA09CFB664F7A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CAS-SU 55575, holotype, 28 ° 58 ’ N, 88 ° 18 ’ W, Gulf of Mexico, 27 Oct. 1960. CSIRO H 3081 - 03, 220 mm SL, 18 ° 43 ’ S, 116 ° 46 ’ E, north of Nickol Bay, Northwest Shelf, Western Australia, coll. R Jackson, scampi net, 513 m (bottom), 30 Oct. 1991.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Pogonoski, John J. (2025): First adult record of Uncisudis advena (Rofen, 1963) from northwestern Australia (Family Paralepididae). Zootaxa 5673 (3): 424-430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.3.6
535BF735FFC33E4C589CA09CFB664F7A.taxon	description	Condition of specimen. The specimen is in good condition, but the abdominal region is badly damaged, and the pelvic girdle is lost. A fresh color photograph and radiograph film taken earlier show presence of a small pelvic fin, on which the following description is based. The head and teeth are complete. Rays of other fins are damaged, but the numbers are countable. The anus is situated slightly behind dorsal-fin base, based on a pore (cloaca) remaining at the end of a short gut and the position of the pelvic fin. There is a well-developed ventral adipose fin before anal-fin origin, originating immediately behind the anus. The pelvic fin origin is slightly behind a vertical through the dorsal-fin base in the radiograph. Pigmentation partly retained, with some fading in preservative. There is a lanternfish (Myctophidae) inside the stomach (also damaged). Description. Morphometric and meristic data are presented in Tables 1 – 2. Body relatively short, compressed. Caudal peduncle long, about 1.5 times eye diameter. Ventral adipose fin not evidently developed on abdominal ridge or only rudimentary (based on remaining portion of abdominal region) but well-developed between margin of anus and anal-fin origin. Anus situated slightly behind a vertical through posterior end of dorsal-fin base. Head, snout and jaws slender and pointed, body relatively short. Mouth large, terminal, its gape extending to about one eye diameter before eye when mouth fully opened; a skin fold originating at middle of snout and ending about vertical through anterior margin of eye; tip of lower jaw slightly upturned, with a blunt fleshy process. Eye small, situated at posterior third of head. No light organ in front of or on lower margin of eye. Interorbital space relatively narrow; some straight ridges on top of snout and irregular ridge on top of head. Posterior end of maxilla extending to about 0.8 eye diameter in front of the eye. Two nostrils directly above posterior end of maxilla, about 0.8 eye diameter in front of the eye. Numerous sensory canals on snout, cheek, operculum, and jaws; numerous sensory pores on dorsal surface of snout and lower surface of lower jaw. Five gill arches, gill filaments present on first four arches. The fourth gill arch mostly connected to the gill chamber by a membrane. Pseudobranchs present on inner wall of gill cover, anterior half inside a deep pocket. Gill rakers present on epibranchial, ceratobranchial and hypobanchial; shield shaped, closely spaced, each with 9 – 11 small teeth, roughly arranged in a cluster. Teeth on pharyngeal arch slender, forming an oval patch with about 5 rows at middle. Short row of small teeth on fifth ceratobranchial on each side, forming a V-shaped pattern. Dorsal fin situated at about middle of body (without head and caudal fin). Pectoral fin slightly behind a vertical through posterior margin of gill cover, its upper base approximately horizontal with lower margin of eye. A small pocket behind pectoral-fin base. Pelvic fin origin slightly behind a vertical through dorsal-fin origin (Fig. 1 C) Anal fin originating slightly before posterior quarter of the fish. Adipose fin large, with a long base, situated above rear portion of anal-fin base. Two small fangs at tip of upper jaw, followed by single row of numerous small retrorse teeth along upper jaw, gradually smaller on posterior portion, estimated more than 150 in number. Vomerine teeth absent. Four (right) / two (left) either depressible or fixed fangs at front of lower jaw, followed by two rows of fangs on lower jaw forming 9 / 5 tooth pairs, those in inner row long, depressible, with a knife-like tip; those in outer row much shorter, fixed, curved backwards. Four widely-spaced tooth pairs on anterior portion of each palatine, those in inner row depressible and long, those in outer row small and fixed, posterior portion with single row of 8 small fixed, loosely arranged teeth. One row of 11 small straight teeth on each side of tongue. Body smooth without scales, except for a single row of lateral-line scales originating from above pectoral girdle and running to above about posterior third of anal-fin base. Lateral-line scales as high as their width, gradually smaller and narrower posteriorly; row of 3 pores on each side of scale, the anteriormost pore largest; no pore on border of scales. Luminescent duct absent. Coloration. When fresh (Fig. 1 A), body light gray with dorsal surface of head and dorsum brown. Dense melanophores on snout and lips of lower jaw. Large silvery white patch on abdominal region covering black peritoneum. Posterior region of lateral body (above posterior 2 / 3 of anal fin base) light brown. In preservation, body overall brown with dorsum uniformly dark brown; broad band of scattered melanophores on abdominal ridge (from skin remaining); large, more or less scattered melanophores on entire lateral line, and gradually extending downward, to entire lateral sides behind dorsal-fin origin. Dense melanophores on snout and lips of lower jaw, scattered ones on rest of head. All fins, except for pelvic fin, covered with melanophores. Gill chamber mostly black, gill arches and filaments pale; mouth cavity pale. Peritoneal membrane uniformly black; stomach black. No trace of black blotches on body.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Pogonoski, John J. (2025): First adult record of Uncisudis advena (Rofen, 1963) from northwestern Australia (Family Paralepididae). Zootaxa 5673 (3): 424-430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.3.6
535BF735FFC33E4C589CA09CFB664F7A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Most records are from the Atlantic Ocean, with some scattered recorded in the Indian and Pacific Oceans (see https: // www. gbif. org / species / 2401570). Currently, all records from FishNet 2 (https: // fishnet 2. net /) are from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Bathymetric range 813 – 887 m in the Gulf of Mexico (McEachran & Fechhelm 1998); our specimen was taken from a scampi trawl with a bottom depth of 513 m.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Pogonoski, John J. (2025): First adult record of Uncisudis advena (Rofen, 1963) from northwestern Australia (Family Paralepididae). Zootaxa 5673 (3): 424-430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.3.6
