taxonID	type	description	language	source
530A87AB3B27F472BDAC44B7E2A1F8EE.taxon	description	(Figs 1, 2)	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B27F472BDAC44B7E2A1F8EE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Eleven colonies from samples MBM 284480, MBM 284481, MBM 0 92324, MBM 0 92317 (Jiaozhou Bay), MBM 194795 (Luxun Park), and MBM 194944 (Beihai, Lingshan Island). Figured material. Two colonies from MBM 0 92324 (Jiaozhou Bay).	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B27F472BDAC44B7E2A1F8EE.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, flexible, with internodes consisting of a single zooid. Zooid approximately 100 µm wide at the distal end, up to 230 µm at bifurcation. Apertures circular, diameter approximately 90 µm. Pseudopores scattered, slit-like, approximately 1.9 – 2.1 µm wide by 20 – 30 µm long. No gonozooids observed in the studied material.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B27F472BDAC44B7E2A1F8EE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The specimens described by Liu et al. (2001) do not show widening of tubes at bifurcation as seen here. Although this feature might be significant at species level, the absence of gonozooids in the new material prevents the introduction of a new species. Liu et al. (2001) described the gonozooid of F. allooeciata as cylindrical, enlarged through the whole internode, with convex frontal walls and situated on the disto-lateral side of the maternal zooid. The ooeciopore is longer than wide and the ooeciostome is directed frontally. Occurrence. Jiaozhou Bay, Luxun Park and Lingshan Island on rocks at about 1 – 5 m depth.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B24F477BDAC4520E24AFEC2.taxon	description	(Figs 3 – 6) lsid: zoobank. org: act: 1 E 1 DF 6 A 1 - 190 C- 4689 - AA 38 - 5377226 CC 530	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B24F477BDAC4520E24AFEC2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Crisia with gonozooid occupying almost the entire width of the branch and brood chamber as long as 2 – 3 autozooids. Ooeciopore larger than an autozooidal aperture, facing frontally, oval, with a straight distal edge, and often adjacent to an autozooidal aperture.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B24F477BDAC4520E24AFEC2.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Specimen MBM 284486 from Yangkou (Laoshan) (Figs 3, 4). Paratypes. MBM 284371 and MBM 284372 (Lingshan Island), MBM 284479 (Haijiao, Lingshan Island), MBM 284485 and MBM 284488 (Yangkou, Laoshan). Additional material. More than 30 colonies, from samples MBM 0 92255, MBM 194665, MBM 194688, MBM 194759, MBM 194937 and MBM 194942 (Haijiao, Lingshan Island), MBM 0 92292, MBM 0 92315, MBM 0 92318 and MBM 188532 (Jiaozhou Bay), MBM 2843975 (Yangkou, Laoshan) and MBM 284367, MBM 284364 (Lingshan Island).	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B24F477BDAC4520E24AFEC2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Referring to the wide gonozooid occupying the full width of the branch; in Chinese phonetic transcription, ‘ wide’ is guǎng.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B24F477BDAC4520E24AFEC2.taxon	description	Description. Width of internodes approximately 270 – 350 µm, length approximately 1.3 – 3.8 mm; approxi- mately 15 – 20 autozooids per internode. Autozooids approximately 230 µm long (the zooids attached to gonozooid can exceed its length, up to 320 µm), width approximately 80 – 100 µm. Apertures circular, approximately 58 – 68 µm in diameter, with peristome facing frontally. Pseudopores on the frontal wall slit-like (approximately 25 µm long by 2 µm wide), numerous and longitudinally oriented. Gonozooid as long as two to three autozooids, extending across entire branch width. The proximal part of the gonozooid (before dilation) is wider than the equivalent part of an autozooid. Ooeciopore frontally oriented, larger than an autozooidal aperture, oval, wider (ca. 115 µm) than long (ca. 50 µm), distal edge more or less straight, adjacent to the neighbouring autozooidal aperture. Pseudopores more numerous than in autozooids but similar in shape or size.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B24F477BDAC4520E24AFEC2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The most similar species is Crisia denticulata (Lamarck, 1816), which based on Hayward & Ryland (1985) has a similarly extended gonozooid and a similar shape and position of the ooeciopore. The new species mainly differs in having a less convex gonozooid and in the lack of characteristic black joints between internodes. Moreover, C. denticulata has been reported only from Europe (Hayward & Ryland 1985).	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B24F477BDAC4520E24AFEC2.taxon	description	The most distinctive feature of this species is the very large size of the ooeciopore on the extended gonozooid. Occurrence. Haijiao (Lingshan Island), Jiaozhou Bay and Yangkou (Laoshan).	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B22F477BDAC42AFE206F8C2.taxon	description	(Figs 7 – 10) v. Tubulipora similis Liu in Liu, Yin & Ma, 2001: p. 789, pl. 5, figs 4 – 7.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B22F477BDAC42AFE206F8C2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. MBM 284348 and MBM 194943 (Beihai 5 m depth, Lingshan Island); MBM 0 92355 and MBM 284454 (Jiaozhou Bay); MBM 188628, MBM 284458 and MBM 284459 (Qingdao Coast) and MBM 283978, MBM 283980, MBM 284526, MBM 284493 and MBM 284496 (float of fishing net, First Bathing Beach). Figured material. three colonies from MBM 284496 (float of fishing net, First Bathing Beach).	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B22F477BDAC42AFE206F8C2.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, lobate. Autozooids wide (approximately 80 – 100 µm), arranged in somewhat longitudinal rows. Apertures circular, peristomes long (approximately 160 – 320 µm), slightly curved and perforated by sparse, very small pseudopores (diameter approximately 4 µm). Budding margin consists of 2 – 4 rows of incompletely developed zooids, forming a characteristic edge. Protoecium approximately 110 – 120 µm in diameter with distinctly serrate margins, lacking pseudopores. Gonozooid triangular, longer (660 – 700 µm) than wide (580 – 620 µm distally), with a distinctly narrower proximal part (less than 150 µm), spreading over 2 – 5 autozooidal tubes and perforated by these tubes; pseudopores numerous, large (ca. 9 µm in diameter). Ooeciopore elongate, oval-tosemilunar, situated in the middle part of the gonozooid, adjacent to the proximal margin of the closest autozooid, 130 – 140 µm wide by ca. 30 – 50 µm long. Ooeciostome sometimes with extended lips developed around the ooeciopore. Basal lamina not extended distally beyond the budding zone.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B22F477BDAC42AFE206F8C2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is similar to Tubulipora flabellaris (Fabricius, 1780) and Tubulipora pulchra MacGillivray, 1885 a (Liu et al. 2001). Tubulipora similis differs mainly in having a protoecium with a serrate margin and a triangular gonozooid with the ooeciopore situated in the middle, very close to a distal autozooid. The ooeciopore is always situated on the proximal margin of the autozooidal peristome. Moreover, the budding margin of T. similis is formed only by incompletely developed zooidal tubes, and therefore lacks the wide distal fringe of basal lamina seen in T. pulchra. This species is also very similar to specimens described by Harmer (1915) as Tubulipora concinna MacGillivray, 1885 a in the size and position of the gonozooid, including the position, size and shape of the ooeciopore. As no protoecium was described by Harmer (1915), the attribution of his material remains uncertain. The original illustration of Tubulipora concinna (MacGillivray 1885 a, p. 94, pl. 1, fig. 10), as well as new photographs of the type material made by Bock (1982), shows however a narrow, tubular ooeciostome and is therefore more similar to Qingdaoella n. gen. described below. Some specimens have the dentition of the protoecium somewhat sparse and less defined, feature may be correlated with the substrate encrusted. Occurrence. Beihai (5 m, Lingshan Island), Jiaozhou Bay and First Bathing Beach.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B23F474BDAC466FE227FCBD.taxon	description	(Figs 11 – 15) lsid: zoobank. org: act: 612 DC 68 B-D 2 A 8 - 4263 - AFF 7 - 9 CCF 73 C 62 C 38 v. Tubulipora pulchra: Liu, Yin & Ma, 2001: p. 383, pl. 5, figs 1 – 3. v. Tubulipora pulchra: Seo, 2005: p. 275, pls 7, 8.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B23F474BDAC466FE227FCBD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Tubulipora with autozooid arranged in fascicles containing 2 – 10 autozooidal tubes, protoecium with smooth margin. Gonozooid slightly triangular, with oval ooeciopore adjacent to the proximal or near the proximal margin of the closest distal autozooidal tube. Basal lamina visible beyond the budding zone.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B23F474BDAC466FE227FCBD.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Specimen MBM 284359 from Jiaozhou Bay (Figs 11, 12). Paratypes. Specimens MBM 284369, MBM 284362, MBM 284490, MBM 284346 (Jiaozhou Bay). Additional material. More than 10 colonies from samples MBM 194708, MBM 194683, MBM 194656, MBM 194700, MBM 194710, MBM 194676 and MBM 194667 (Jiaozhou Bay).	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B23F474BDAC466FE227FCBD.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Referring to the large pseudopores of the gonozooecium.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B23F474BDAC466FE227FCBD.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, almost circular, sometimes lobate. Autozooids wide (approximately 100 µm), arranged in somewhat radial rows. Apertures rounded to square-shaped, often in fascicles of 2 – 10 during late astogeny. Peristomes long (ca. 160 – 220 µm), slightly curved and perforated by very small pseudopores (ca. 4 µm in diameter). Budding margin with 2 – 4 rows of partially developed zooids overlapping the margin, forming a characteristic edge, without the basal lamina limited to the margin of the colony, not extending further. Protoecium approximately 100 – 110 µm in diameter, often with smooth margins. Gonozooid slightly triangular, longer (1250 – 1660 µm) than wide (620 – 1100 µm), spreading over 2 – 5 autozooidal tubes and perforated by these tubes; pseudopores numerous, large (diameter approximately 12 µm). Ooeciopore elongated oval, centrally situated, approximately 100 – 120 µm wide by 40 – 50 µm long, adjacent to the proximal margin of the succeeding autozooid. Ooeciostome with distinctly extended lips developed around the ooeciopore.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B23F474BDAC466FE227FCBD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new species differs from other Tubulipora species in having autozooidal tubes in fascicles, combined with a very large, elongated, almost triangular gonozooid with elongated oval ooeciopore attached to the proximal margin of the succeeding autozooidal tube, non-serrate protoecium and basal lamina projecting beyond the budding zone. The new species differs from T. similis in having a subcircular, non-serrate protoecium and a somewhat upright ooeciostome (vertical to the colony surface) with slightly flared lips, while in T. similis the ooeciostome is slightly curved. Moreover, the new species has autozooecial apertures that are polygonal, arranged in fascicles and the ooeciopore is elongate oval, while in the T. similis the ooeciopore is circular.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B23F474BDAC466FE227FCBD.taxon	description	Occurrence. Jiaozhou Bay in Qingdao and also Jeju Island in Korea (Seo 2005).	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B21F47BBDAC438FE49FFF19.taxon	description	(Figs 16 – 21) lsid: zoobank. org: act: E 7 C 19 B 17 - 7 B 70 - 45 A 6 - 989 B-DCC 1004 FD 20 D	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B21F47BBDAC438FE49FFF19.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Exidmonea with 2 – 6 autozooidal tubes in each fascicle, gonozooid situated at bifurcation, with ooeciopore located on its distalmost edge, downwardly curved, swan-neck shaped, hidden / immersed between bifurcating branches.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B21F47BBDAC438FE49FFF19.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Specimen MBM 284444 from Lingshan Island (Figs 16 – 18). Paratypes. Specimens MBM 284469, MBM 284470, MBM 284472, MBM 284376 (Jiaozhou Bay) and MBM 284499 (Jiaozhou Bay). Additional material. More than 10 colonies from samples MBM 0 92370, MBM 194661 (Lingshan Island), MBM 0 92378 (Jiaozhou Bay) and MBM 0 91767 (Jiaozhou Bay)	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B21F47BBDAC438FE49FFF19.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Referring to the immersed / submerged ooeciostome in the zone of bifurcation.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B21F47BBDAC438FE49FFF19.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, dichotomously branched. Branches short (the distance between successive bifurcations approximately 880 – 1380 µm) and narrow (430 – 500 µm wide before bifurcation). Approximately 6 – 8 autozooidal fascicles between successive branch bifurcations. Fascicles alternating, each consisting of 2 – 6 autozooidal apertures. Distance between fascicles in the longitudinal direction ca. 210 – 300 µm. Apertures oval to rounded rectangular, diameter approximately 90 – 110 µm. Gonozooid triangular, small (ca. 410 – 460 µm wide by 500 – 520 µm long), situated frontally in the zone of bifurcation, spreading over two or three fascicles, with densely porous frontal wall (pseudopore diameter ca. 8 – 10 µm). Ooeciopore located on the distalmost edge of the gonozooid, hidden between bifurcating branches, narrower than autozooidal tubes (ca. 60 µm wide). Ooeciostome short, downwardly curved, swan-neck shaped, adjacent to a deformed autozooidal tube with elongated oval aperture. Dorsal side of the colony flat, with arcuate growth lines and pseudopores arranged parallel to them; kenozooids absent.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B21F47BBDAC438FE49FFF19.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Idmonea pauper Canu & Bassler (1929, p. 545, pl. 84, figs 13, 14) is similar to the new species in the size and position of gonozooid, but differs in having ooeciopore adjacent to the first peristome of a fascicle. The downwardly curved, swan-neck shaped ooeciostome of the new species is similar to that of Idmidronea atlantica (Forbes in Johnston, 1847), as described by Hayward & Ryland (1985). However, I. atlantica differs mainly in having much denser fascicles and longer branches (more than 20 fascicles between successive bifurcation and the branch is more than 4 mm long). Moreover, I. atlantica develops a kenozooidal overgrowth on the dorsal side of the branches. Occurrence. Jiaozhou Bay and Lingshan Island.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B2FF479BDAC40DFE49DFC29.taxon	description	(Figs 22 – 25) lsid: zoobank. org: act: 190 A 0 C 00 - 38 AB- 43 B 1 - B 1 D 8 - 6060329257 E 3	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B2FF479BDAC40DFE49DFC29.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Idmidronea with gonozooid frontally situated between the fascicles, and straight ooeciostome arranged between regular autozooidal apertures.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B2FF479BDAC40DFE49DFC29.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Specimen MBM 284448 from Lingshan Island (Figs 22, 23). Paratype. Specimen MBM 284471 (Jiaozhou Bay) Additional material. Two colonies without gonozooecium from samples MBM 0 92370 (Lingshan Island) and MBM 0 92378 (Jiaozhou Bay).	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B2FF479BDAC40DFE49DFC29.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Referring to the straight direction of the ooeciostome, not curved as commonly in other Idmidronea species.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B2FF479BDAC40DFE49DFC29.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, robust, and dichotomously branched. Branches short and wide (length about 1000 – 1300 µm, width at the proximal end of the branch about 670 – 820 µm), with ca. 5 – 8 zooidal fascicles between successive bifurcations. Fascicles alternating, consist of 3 – 6 autozooidal apertures. Autozooidal tubes wide (ca. 138 – 153 µm); length of the frontal wall 380 – 456 µm, diameter of apertures ca. 100 µm. Gonozooid frontal, elongate (length about 1300 µm), spreading over three or four fascicles, frontal wall porous. Ooeciopore oval, slightly smaller than the autozooidal aperture (diameter approximately 70 – 80 µm), situated close to the bifurcation, proximally oriented, usually close to a regular autozooid. Dorsal side of the branch porous, almost flat and slightly convex. Kenozooids approximately 40 µm in diameter, developed on the proximal portion of the branch, spreading over the colony in the distal direction.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B2FF479BDAC40DFE49DFC29.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Idmidronea atlantica as described by Hayward & Ryland (1985) is similar to the new species in the position of the gonozooid, but differs in having much longer branches and the swan-neck-shaped ooeciostome. Idmidronea biporata Brood, 1976 also has a straight ooeciostome but differs in having very delicate colonies, much narrower branches, and fascicles consisting of only two autozooidal apertures. Many recent Idmidronea species have a similar arrangement of autozooidal tubes, and similar-sized branches and pseudopores, but lack a gonozooid to compare with the new species. For example, Idmonea contorta Busk, 1875 (p. 12, pl. 8) from South Africa shows similar arrangement of autozooidal tubes as does Idmonea australis MacGillivray, 1885 b (p. 470, pl. 68, fig. 2). In addition to the presence of kenozooids, which may be a variable character that may (or may not) develop in basal branches during late astogeny, this species differs from Exidmonea intercalata n. sp. in having straight oriented ooeciostome, situated more or less in the central part of the gonozooid. Exidmonea intercalata n. sp. has downwardly curved, swan-neck shaped ooeciostome, situated in the margin of the gonozooid. Occurrence. Lingshan Island and Jiaozhou Bay.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B2CF47FBDAC43F4E255F985.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Qingdaoella miaotiao n. sp. Other species included. Qingdaoella concinna (MacGillivray, 1885 a) n. comb., and Qingdaoella conaria n. sp.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B2CF47FBDAC43F4E255F985.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colony encrusting, lobate, circular-to-oval shaped, multiserial (tubuliporiform). Autozooids arranged in series diverging from protoecium. Gonozooid extended, wider than long, penetrated by autozooidal tubes, pseudopores large. Ooeciostome slender, often tubular (sometimes wider at the base), isolated, never closely attached to an autozooidal tube. Ooeciopore small, diameter approximately half of an autozooidal aperture.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B2CF47FBDAC43F4E255F985.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Referring to the city of Qingdao.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B2CF47FBDAC43F4E255F985.taxon	discussion	Remarks. No other cyclostome genus shows such long and distinct ooeciostomes except for Entalophoroecia Harmelin, 1974, which differs in having adnate (stomatoporiform) and erect (pustuloporiform) colonies, unlike the multiserial encrusting lobate colonies of the new genus. Moreover, Entalophoroecia has very small gonozooids situated at the edge of the colony as terminal expansions; the gonozooid is never perforated by autozooidal tubes; and the protoecium is flat with a peripheral ring of pseudopores, which is not observed in Qingdaoella n. gen. The genus is also similar to Tubulipora in the general colony form, but differs in having a very long tubular ooeciostome usually directed proximally. In Tubulipora the ooeciopore is much wider, usually half of the diameter of an autozooidal aperture, while in Qingdaoella n. gen. the ooeciopore is about one-fifth of the diameter of an autozooidal aperture, and the ooeciostome is shorter in Tubulipora. The long ooeciostome is a very stable character of Qingdaoella species. Among several hundred studied colonies, none shows Tubulipora - like short ooeciostomes. Owing to the general form of the colony and the growth pattern of the autozooidal tubes, together with the similar development of the gonozooid, this genus is placed in the family Tubuliporidae. Qingdaoella miaotiao n. sp. (Figs 26 – 31) lsid: zoobank. org: act: BABD 8 EEA-E 7 FC- 40 F 3 - 89 B 2 - CD 9 E 26310 B 56 v. Tubulipora flabellaris: Liu, Yin & Ma, 2001: p. 380, pl. 6, figs 4, 5.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B2CF47FBDAC43F4E255F985.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colony lobate, encrusting. Autozooids arranged in regular rows, apertures arranged in uniserial fascicles. Gonozooid extended, very large. Ooeciostome long, almost tubular, distally directed. Protoecium discoidal, large.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B2CF47FBDAC43F4E255F985.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Specimen MBM 284350 from Lingshan Island (Figs 26 – 29). Paratypes. Specimens MBM 284353 (Lingshan Island), MBM 284463, MBM 284462, MBM 284455, MBM 284452, MBM 284440, MBM 284449 (Jiaozhou Bay), MBM 284387 (Xuejiadao), MBM 284381, MBM 284380, MBM 284379 (Zhonggang), MBM 284355 (First Bathing Beach). Additional material. More than fifty colonies from samples MBM 194757 (Lingshan Island), MBM 0 92302, MBM 194965, MBM 0 92380 (Jiaozhou Bay), MBM 194679, MBM 194789 (Xuejiadao), MBM 194841 (Zhonggang) and MBM 194748 (First Bathing Beach).	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B2CF47FBDAC43F4E255F985.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Referring to the slender ooeciostome; in Chinese phonetic transcription, ‘ slender’ is miáotiáo.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B2CF47FBDAC43F4E255F985.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, lobate, oval-to-fan-shaped, approximately 4 mm wide by 3 mm long. Autozooid arranged in uniserial, rarely multiserial, radial rows; peristomes long, up to 400 µm; apertures rounded square to circular (diameter 90 – 110 µm), 2 – 5 joined together, forming radially oriented fascicles. Gonozooids up to 1.8 mm long by more than 3 mm wide, often merged together with indistinct borders (the number of merged gonozooids can only be determined by counting the ooeciostomes), with up to 20 penetrating autozooidal tubes; pseudopores evenly distributed, approximately 10 – 12 µm in diameter. Ooeciostome long (ca. 130 – 150 µm), tubular (ca. 70 µm wide at the bottom and 60 µm at the top), distally directed, parallel to the autozooidal tube. Ooeciopore circular, diameter approximately 55 – 60 µm. Protoecium circular, large (diameter about 160 – 180 µm), with a smooth margin, without pseudopores.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B2CF47FBDAC43F4E255F985.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Specimens described by Liu et al. (2001) as Tubulipora flabellaris (Fabricius, 1780) have the same features as those described here as Qingdaoella miaotiao n. sp., particularly the arrangement of the gonozooid with tubular ooeciostome, and the arrangement of the autozooidal tubes. The true T. flabellaris is found only in Europe, and has a wide, semilunar ooeciopore joined to the neighbouring autozooidal tube (see Hayward & Ryland 1985, p. 88, fig. 30). A similar specimen was described by Harmer (1915) as Berenicea lineata MacGillivray, 1885 a. This specimen has uniserial and multiserial rows of autozooidal tubes, an extended gonozooid and long, distally directed ooeciostome. It differs from Qingdaoella miaotiao n. sp. mainly in having no autozooidal peristomes penetrating the gonozooid and a protoecium completely concealed under the centre of the colony, as well as having a projecting basal lamina. All these differences can be considered as within-species variability, partly due to different ecological conditions. It is possible that the material described by Harmer is the same as our new species. The original description of Berenicea lineata MacGillivray, 1885 a does not contain information about the ooeciostome; therefore, we are unable to decide whether this species is also the same as Qingdaoella miaotiao n. sp. Tubulipora connata MacGillivray, 1885 a (pl. 2, fig. 2) is also very similar in having uniserial fascicles and a long ooeciostome, but differs in having more regularly arranged zooids in fascicles (up to seven zooids in each fascicle), a smaller gonozooid with ooeciostome situated in the margin.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B2CF47FBDAC43F4E255F985.taxon	description	Qingdaoella concinna (MacGillivray, 1885 a) n. comb. differs from Qingdaoella miaotiao n. sp. in having apertures not arranged in fascicles and an ooeciostome that is shorter and conical tubular (much wider at the base than at the top). Occurrence. Lingshan Island, Jiaozhou Bay, Xuejiadao, Zhonggang, and First Bathing Beach along the coast of Qingdao, and probably also in the Siboga Expedition material (Harmer 1915).	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B2AF47DBDAC46BFE464FE21.taxon	description	(Figs 32 – 35)	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B2AF47DBDAC46BFE464FE21.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Specimens MBM 284453 (Jiaozhou Bay), MBM 284495 and MBM 284494 (First Bathing Beach). Additional material. More than 10 colonies from samples MBM 0 92380 (Jiaozhou Bay), MBM 194688 (Lingshan Island) and MBM 283980 (First Bathing Beach).	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B2AF47DBDAC46BFE464FE21.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, lobate to circular, approximately 2 mm in diameter. Autozooids usually arranged in slightly radial alternating rows, sometimes arranged quincuncially; peristomes very long, up to 400 µm; apertures circular (diameter ca. 100 µm), independent, never joined in fascicles. Gonozooid developed at margin of colony, wider (800 – 1200 µm) than long (400 – 500 µm), evenly perforated, pseudopores 8 – 10 µm in diameter. Ooeciopore ca. 40 – 50 µm in diameter. Ooeciostome long, erect, conical / tubular, slender, directed proximally, about 80 – 100 µm long, diameter of the base approximately 90 – 100 µm. Protoecium not observed.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B2AF47DBDAC46BFE464FE21.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Qingdaoella concinna (MacGillivray, 1885 a) n. comb. is very similar to the erect part of Entalophoroecia deflexa (as described by Hayward & Ryland 1985, p. 113, fig. 39), but differs in having encrusting colonies. Moreover, in E. deflexa, the ooeciostome is free, unattached, upright and almost parallel to the autozooidal peristome, whereas in Q. concinna n. comb. it is attached obliquely to an autozooidal peristome. The most similar species is Tubulipora lucida MacGillivray, 1885 a (p. 116, pl. 5, fig. 1) shows similar gono- zooid and arrangement of autozooidal tubes, but no ooeciostome illustrated (or described). Oncousoecia abrupta Osburn, 1953 (p. 626, pl. 65, figs 6, 7) has similar arrangement of autozooid, and similar shape of ooeciostome, but it is distally oriented Qingdaoella concinna (MacGillivray, 1885) n. comb. differs from other similar species in having apertures not arranged in fascicles and very wide gonozooid with long, proximally directed ooeciostome.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B2AF47DBDAC46BFE464FE21.taxon	description	Occurrence. Jiaozhou Bay, First Bathing Beach, Lingshan Island along the coast of Qingdao, and also Port Phillip Heads, Victoria, Australia.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B28F47DBDAC41E3E308F81C.taxon	description	(Figs 36 – 39) lsid: zoobank. org: act: DE 989 AF 5 - 2990 - 49 F 0 - 9 FE 0 - 0 DBC 16 C 2 DC 52	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B28F47DBDAC41E3E308F81C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Similar to the previous species, except that it has short, conical / tubular (wider at the base, narrower at the top) ooeciostome, directing frontally or slightly proximally; ooeciopore much wider than that of the previous species; protoecium shallow, with smooth margins.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B28F47DBDAC41E3E308F81C.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Specimen MBM 284351 from Lingshan Island (Figs 36, 37). Paratypes. Specimens MBM 284383, MBM 284382, MBM 284384 (Zhonggang), MBM 284438, MBM 284435 (Luxun Park), MBM 284439, MBM 284451, MBM 284450, MBM 284441, MBM 284442 (Jiaozhou Bay), MBM 284339, MBM 284338, MBM 284337, MBM 284336, MBM 284389, MBM 284388, MBM 284386 (Xuejiadao), MBM 284352 (Lingshan Island), MBM 284354 (First Bathing Beach), MBM 284508, MBM 284509 (Houwan, Huangdao). Additional material. More than twenty colonies from samples MBM 194757 (Lingshan Island), MBM 194841 (Zhonggang), MBM 195087 (Luxun Park), MBM 0 92380, MBM 0 92347 (Jiaozhou Bay, MBM 194789, MBM 194787 (Xuejiadao), MBM 194679 (Houwan, Huangdao) and MBM 194748 (First Bathing Beach).	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B28F47DBDAC41E3E308F81C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Referring to the conical / tubular ooeciostome.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B28F47DBDAC41E3E308F81C.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, lobate, oval-to-fan-shaped, approximately 3 mm wide by 2 mm long. Autozooids arranged in uniserial, rarely multiserial, radial rows; peristomes long (up to 300 µm), perforated by scattered pseudopores; apertures rounded square to circular (100 – 110 µm in diameter), 2 – 5 joined together, forming radially oriented fascicles. Gonozooid very large (1500 – 1600 µm wide by 600 – 800 µm long); more than one gonozooids often developed in each colony, never merged together, with distinct margins, frontal wall penetrated by numerous (up to 20) autozooidal tubes, and evenly perforated, with pseudopores ca. 10 – 12 µmin diameter. Ooeciostome moderately long (about 40 – 100 µm), conical (80 – 100 µm wide at the base, 50 – 60 µm at the top), obliquely oriented, often vertical to the frontal surface of the colony. Ooeciopore circular, diameter approximately 50 – 55 µm. Protoecium circular, slightly elongated, with smooth margins and a flat frontal wall, no pseudopores.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B28F47DBDAC41E3E308F81C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species differs from Qingdaoella miaotiao n. sp. in having smaller and not merged gonozooid (the edges of the gonozooid is distinguishable), shorter conical (not cylindrical) ooeciostome, directed frontally or proximally (not distally). Moreover, Qingdaoella miaotiao n. sp. has more isolated apertures and less pronounced pseudopores on the autozooidal peristomes. The protoecium is slightly elongate (approximately 100 x 90 µm), while Q. miaotiao n. sp. has much larger (diameter about 160 – 180 µm) and more circular protoecium. Qingdaoella concinna n. comb. differs from Q. conaria n. sp. in having autozooidal tubes arranged independently (lacking any traces of fascicles), apertures very regularly circular and presence of pseudopores on the peristome.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B29F462BDAC477AE469FF51.taxon	description	(Figs 40 – 42) v. Tubulipora rugatata Liu in Liu, Yin & Ma, 2001: p. 790, pl. 7, figs 1 – 3.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B29F462BDAC477AE469FF51.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Samples MBM 284446, MBM 284333, MBM 284334 and MBM 284477 (Lingshan Island), and more than 50 colonies from samples MBM 0 92370, MBM 194770, MBM 0 92255, MBM 194743 (Lingshan Island).	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B29F462BDAC477AE469FF51.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, branching. Zooids arranged in indistinct rows. Branches connected by calcified pillars formed by kenozooids. Gonozooid extended; Ooeciopore circular, small, not directly attached to the neighbouring autozooidal tube. Dorsal side of the colony smooth and convex.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B29F462BDAC477AE469FF51.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Liu et al. (2001) did not illustrate the gonozooid and ooeciopore. However, they described the gonozooid as being laterally expanded and proximally narrow, with a convex frontal wall; ooeciopore situated in the middle of the gonozooid, urceolate shaped. Specimens with gonozooids were found in the collection of Liu et al. (2001), and they have ooeciopores identical to those in the specimens described here.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B37F461BDAC417EE274FB6D.taxon	description	(Figs 43 – 45) v. Tubulipora pulcherrimoidea Liu in Liu, Yin & Ma, 2001: p. 790, pl. 7, figs 4, 5 (cum syn.).	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B37F461BDAC417EE274FB6D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Samples MBM 284447, MBM 284374, MBM 284373, MBM 284335, MBM 284476, MBM 284475, MBM 284474, MBM 284478 (Lingshan Island), MBM 284473 and MBM 284498 (Jiaozhou Bay), MBM 284431 (Qingdao) and more than hundred colonies from samples MBM 0 92245, MBM 0 92255, MBM 0 92340, MBM 0 92370, MBM 194663, MBM 194665, MBM 194770 (Lingshan Island), MBM 0 92378 and MBM 0 91767 (Jiaozhou Bay) and First Bathing Beach.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B37F461BDAC417EE274FB6D.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, branching. Zooids arranged in indistinct rows. Rarely calcified pillars made by numerous kenozooids and connecting neighbouring branches develop. Gonozooid extended, slightly wider than long; ooeciopore oval, elongate and large; ooeciostome slightly curved distally, frontally or distally directed, edges extended, not directly attached to the neighbouring autozooidal tube. Dorsal side of the colony smooth and porous, with visible growth lines.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B37F461BDAC417EE274FB6D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Idmonea pulcherrima Kirkpatrick, 1890 is very similar to Nevianipora pulcherrimoidea n. comb. in having connecting kenozooids, and curved ooeciostomes. Liu in Liu et al. (2001) argued that this species differed from Kirkpatrick’s species only in having “ concentric wrinkles on the basal surface of the branch ”. The type specimens of Idmonea pulcherrima Kirkpatrick, 1890 stored at the Natural History Museum in London (NHMUK 1889.8.21.73) from Tizard Reef also show much narrower branches, smaller gonozooids with more convex walls, large circular ooeciopores and denser connecting kenozooids. These features clearly differentiate I. pulcherrima from N. pulcherrimoidea n. comb. Nevianipora pulcherrimoidea n. comb. differs from N. rugatata n. comb. mainly in the shape of the ooeciopore, which in the former species is oval, elongate (Fig. 45), while in the latter species is almost rounded (Fig. 41). Harmer (1915) described I. pulcherrima (placing it in the genus Tubulipora) in detail and proved that kenozooids are not always present, and the ooeciopore had a shape very similar to that of the studied material (with curved peristome and extended edges). The ooeciopore in the types of I. pulcherrima is very different to that of the studied material, so, we keep these species separate. Liu in Liu et al. (2001) synonymised the new species with materials previously determined as Diaperoecia radicata (Kirkpatrick, 1888) by Lu (1991) and Huang et al. (1990). Kirkpatrick (1888) did not observe the ooeciopore in I. radicata. Canu & Bassler (1929) placed I. radicata in Diaperoecia (p. 538, pl. 82, figs 1 – 5) and described the ooeciopore as small and transverse orthogonal, arguing that this species differs from I. pulcherrima mainly in the shape of the ooeciostome (never urn-shaped) and the absence of kenozooids.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B37F461BDAC417EE274FB6D.taxon	description	Occurrence. Lingshan Island, Jiaozhou Bay and the First Bathing Beach.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B34F467BDAC4597E5FEFD01.taxon	description	(Figs 46 – 49) lsid: zoobank. org: act: D 0 A 1 C 723 - B 08 E- 4 F 19 - B 35 A-D 489 DE 51 CF 01	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B34F467BDAC4597E5FEFD01.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colony large, autozooids arranged in indistinct transversal rows. Gonozooid very large, extending over up to 20 autozooidal tubes, frontal wall indistinct. Ooeciopore elongated to circular, attached to the autozooidal tube. Pseudopores large, numerous, often close by radially arranged laminae.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B34F467BDAC4597E5FEFD01.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Specimen MBM 284503 from Jiaozhou Bay (Figs 46 – 48). Paratypes. Specimens MBM 284360, MBM 284358 (Jiaozhou Bay) and MBM 284445 (Lingshan Island). Additional material. More than 10 colonies from samples MBM 194701, MBM 0 92324, MBM 284363, MBM 284361, MBM 284385, MBM 194797, MBM 0 92236 and MBM 194840 (Jiaozhou Bay), MBM 194797, MBM 0 92370 (Lingshan Island), MBM 284502 from Nanhai road.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B34F467BDAC4597E5FEFD01.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Referring to the ellipsoidal shape of the ooeciopore. In Chinese phonetic transcription, ‘ ellipsoidal’ is tuǒyuán.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B34F467BDAC4597E5FEFD01.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, lobate, large, branches up to 2 mm wide, distance between bifurcations up to 3.5 mm. Autozooids densely arranged, in somewhat transverse rows, peristomes short, apertures only on one side, almost circular, approximately 160 – 180 µm in diameter. Pseudopores large (diameter approximately 13 – 15 µm) closed by radially arranged laminae (Fig. 48). Gonozooid very large, perforated by autozooidal tubes, frontal wall only slightly elevated; pseudopores the same as that of autozooidal tubes (diameter approximately 9 – 10 µm), and therefore, the gonozooid almost indistinct. Ooeciopore elongate, oval to elliptical (up to 210 µm wide by 80 – 100 µm long), rarely circular (diameter of approximately 120 µm). Ooeciostome slightly turned towards the direction of growth, attached to one autozooidal tube. Protoecium not observed. Dorsal side of the colony with distinct, concentric growth lines and minute pseudopores.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B34F467BDAC4597E5FEFD01.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species is similar to Entalophora multipora MacGillivray, 1895 (p. 140, pl. 21, fig. 1) in the general shape and size of the colony and the arrangement of autozooid. However, no gonozooids have been described in the latter species. Diastopora patina Lamarck as described by MacGillivray (1895, p. 130, pl. 20, figs 4, 5) has a similar arrangement of autozooidal tubes, but differs in having much smaller gonozooids, which are not perforated by autozooidal tubes. The species belongs to Hemipustulopora because of the large colonies with wide branches and apertures only on one side, arranged in slightly transverse rows; frontal, much extended gonozooid; and smooth dorsal side with visible, concentric growth lines. Hemipustulopora has been recorded only from South Africa (Brood 1976).	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B34F467BDAC4597E5FEFD01.taxon	description	Occurrence. Nanhai Road, Jiaozhou Bay and Lingshan Island.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B32F466BDAC437BE78BFEB5.taxon	description	(Figs 50 – 53) lsid: zoobank. org: act: D 543 A 880 - 0975 - 4203 - B 6 EB- 58 C 65 BE 4 D 8 B 6	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B32F466BDAC437BE78BFEB5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Colony encrusting, autozooid arranged concentrically. Gonozooid minute, on the margin of the colony, not perforated by autozooidal tubes. Ooeciopore oval, no ooeciostome observed.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B32F466BDAC437BE78BFEB5.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Specimen MBM 284365 from Jiaozhou Bay (Figs 50 – 51). Paratype. Specimen MBM 0 92366 (Jiaozhou Bay). Additional material. Three more specimens from samples MBM 194696, MBM 0 92322, MBM 194656 (Jiaozhou Bay).	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B32F466BDAC437BE78BFEB5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Referring to the small ooeciopore.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B32F466BDAC437BE78BFEB5.taxon	description	Description. Colonies encrusting, ‘ Berenicea’ - like. Autozooids arranged in indistinct concentric rows. Autozooidal tubes approximately 100 – 120 µm wide; peristomes short (100 – 150 µm long), perforated by minute pseudopores (diameter approximately 4 – 5 µm); apertures elongated oval (about 80 – 90 µm wide by 120 – 130 µm long). Budding margins formed by 2 – 3 rows of incompletely developed autozooids; basal lamina visible. Gonozooid minute (ca. 580 – 600 µm wide by 500 – 530 µm long), spreading over 4 – 5 autozooidal tubes, but not perforated by these tubes; frontal walls perforated by pseudopores larger (diameter 6 – 8 µm) than those of autozooidal tubes. Ooeciopore oval, transversely elongate (90 – 100 µm wide, 35 – 38 µm long), distally oriented, situated on the distal part of the gonozooid, close to but not joined with the neighbouring autozooidal aperture.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B32F466BDAC437BE78BFEB5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species belongs to Microeciella due to the small gonozooid not perforated by autozooidal tubes, with the ooeciopore situated on the distal part of the gonozooid.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B32F466BDAC437BE78BFEB5.taxon	description	The genus Microeciella differs from the more common genus Plagioecia in having a gonozooid not perforated by autozooidal tubes. We fully agree with the arguments made by Taylor & Wilson (1999), and list this recent material under the genus Microeciella instead of Eurystrotos Hayward & Ryland, 1985, which is, according to Taylor & Zatoń (2008) a junior synonym of Oncousoecia. Occurrence. Jiaozhou Bay.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B33F464BDAC47BDE5FDFBB9.taxon	description	(Figs 54 – 58) lsid: zoobank. org: act: EF 30433 D- 8345 - 4 AE 0 - A 734 - 284 E 3 FF 4 B 4 FD	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B33F464BDAC47BDE5FDFBB9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colony disc-shaped, encrusting, surrounded by the basal lamina. Autozooids arranged in rows, apertures in fascicles. Alveoli large and abundant, containing mural spines. Gonozooid tubular, forming prolongations between autozooidal fascicles; ooeciopore at the distal edge of a prolongation.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B33F464BDAC47BDE5FDFBB9.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Specimen MBM 284391 from Daheilan (Figs 54 – 56). Paratypes. Specimens MBM 284497 (First Bathing Beach), and MBM 284467 (Jiaozhou Bay). Additional material. Two more colonies from samples MBM 194701 and MBM 0 92355 (Jiaozhou Bay).	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B33F464BDAC47BDE5FDFBB9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Referring to the tubular shape of the gonozooid; from the Chinese ‘ guan’ meaning ‘ tube’ and the Latin suffix ‘ - formis’ meaning ‘ - like’.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B33F464BDAC47BDE5FDFBB9.taxon	description	Description. Colony disc-shaped, encrusting, surrounded by a well-developed, wide basal lamina (width of lamina up to 400 µm). Autozooids arranged in irregular radial rows, diverging from the centre to the outer margin of the colony. Apertures circular to rounded square (diameter 60 – 80 µm), arranged in fascicles of 3 – 5; mural spines numerous (up to seven spines in one autozooidal tube), short (ca. 6 – 8 µm), with distinct star-shaped tips. Kenozooids (alveoli) numerous, polygonal, often larger (diameter 80 – 100 µm) than autozooidal apertures and containing numerous mural spines; spines less numerous (each alveolus may contain 4 – 6 spines), but longer (ca. 10 – 12 µm) than those in the autozooidal tubes, with similar and distinct star-shaped tips. Gonozooid digitate, spreading from the centre of the colony to the margin, usually with 5 – 9 tubular prolongations (‘ fingers’) between autozooidal rows; interior frontal walls strongly perforated by large pores (diameter up to 10 µm). Ooeciopore not observed. All gonozooids are incompletely developed on the end of each tubular prolongation, close to the margin of the colony. These openings are larger than apertures (150 – 200 µm long by 80 – 120 µm wide), without peristome and often with slightly damaged edges.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B33F464BDAC47BDE5FDFBB9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. One specimen we examined lacks a peripheral basal lamina and has less pronounced autozooidal fascicles, but the shape and arrangement of the gonozooid is the same as those in the described species. To avoid misinterpreting the features of this new species, we decided to include this specimen in the additional material and not list it with the paratypes.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B33F464BDAC47BDE5FDFBB9.taxon	description	Occurrence. Jiaozhou Bay, Daheilan and First Bathing Beach.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B31F46ABDAC4493E49FFE21.taxon	description	(Figs 59 – 62) lsid: zoobank. org: act: FA 8 E 15 E 0 - 14 DA- 4 BF 7 - B 276 - 069758 B 21280	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B31F46ABDAC4493E49FFE21.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Autozooids in uniserial rows, apertures not in fascicles. Diameter of the kenozooids approximately half the diameter of the autozooids. Gonozooid often indistinct, frontal wall not observable. Ooeciopore large (diameter approximately twice as that of autozooidal apertures), conspicuous, with a prominent lip. Mural spines, numerous, present in both kenozooidal and autozooidal tubes.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B31F46ABDAC4493E49FFE21.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Specimen MBM 284332 from Lingshan Island (Figs 59, 60). Paratypes. Specimens MBM 284467 and MBM 284377 (Jiaozhou Bay), MBM 284349, MBM 284344, MBM 284347, MBM 284345 (Lingshan Island). Additional material: More than ten colonies from samples MBM 0 92355, MBM 194656, MBM 194697, MBM 194702 (Jiaozhou Bay), MBM 194763 (Lingshan Island).	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B31F46ABDAC4493E49FFE21.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honour of Prof. Xianqiu Ren, one of the leading specialists in IOCAS, Qingdao.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B31F46ABDAC4493E49FFE21.taxon	description	Description. Colony discoidal (diameter ca. 3 – 5 mm), with narrow basal lamina (up to 250 µm wide). Autozooids arranged in irregular, indistinct radial rows, diverging from the centre of the colony, or sometimes chaotically arranged. Apertures circular to elongate (diameter 80 – 100 µm), not in fascicles. Mural spines projecting inside the apertures, numerous and small (approximately 3 – 5 µm), with narrow tips. Kenozooids (alveoli) numerous, polygonal to circular, smaller than autozooidal apertures (diameter 50 – 80 µm), with numerous mural spines. Gonozooid often indistinct; ooeciopore larger than autozooidal apertures, oval (110 – 130 µm wide by 80 – 100 µm long), with flared ooeciostome on one side (up to 130 µm wide), directed towards the centre of the colony.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B31F46ABDAC4493E49FFE21.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The most similar species is Patinella verrucaria (Linnaeus, 1758) as described by Osburn (1953) as Lichenopora verrucaria (Fabricius, 1780). Osburn’s specimen has autozooid arranged in indistinct rows and ooeciopores of similar size and position, with well-developed ooeciostomes. The material described by Osborn (1953) may belong to the new Chinese species but it is not accessible for confirmation. The taxon Lichenopora verrucaria (Fabricius, 1780) was invalidated (Winston & Hayward, 2012) and transferred to Patinella verrucaria (Linnaeus, 1758). The type material of P. verrucaria is infertile, therefore it is impossible to ascertain which species it belongs. This species name is widely used in the literature, but the species probably occurs only in the Netherlands (De Blauwe, 2009).	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
530A87AB3B31F46ABDAC4493E49FFE21.taxon	description	Occurrence. Jiaozhou Bay and Lingshan Island.	en	Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.3
