identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5337E80AFFA11A07C3AFFF3DFDE9149F.text	5337E80AFFA11A07C3AFFF3DFDE9149F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona de Saussure 1855	<div><p>Genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855</p><p>Antepipona de Saussure 1855: 244, name for section C of division V of subgenus Leionotus de Saussure of genus Odynerus Latreille in de Saussure 1853: 213; validated by ICZN (1970). Type species: Odynerus silaos de Saussure, 1853, by subsequent designation of van der Vecht 1967: 30; confirmed by ICZN (1970).</p><p>Antepiponus de Saussure 1875: xxxv, 361, unjustified emendation of Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 .</p><p>Antepipone Dalla Torre 1894: 50, 96 (incorrect spelling of Antepipona de Saussure).</p><p>Mehelyella Móczár 1937: 16, 17, 34 (as subgenus of Odynerus Latreille). Unavailable; no type species designated.</p><p>Odontodynerus Blüthgen 1938a: 280 (as subgenus of “ Euodynerus Blüthgen ” [= Euodynerus Dalla Torre]). Type species: Odynerus orbitalis H.-Sch. 1841 [= Odynerus orbitalis Herrich-Schaeffer, 1839], by original designation. Synonymized by van der Vecht (1970: 17).</p><p>Dichodynerus Blüthgen 1938b: 444 . Type species: “ L. vagus Rad. (= vagabundus D. T. nom. nov.)” [= Odynerus vagabundus Dalla Torre, 1889], by original designation. Objective synonym of Metastenancistrocerus Blüthgen, 1938 (Blüthgen, 1939: 246).</p><p>Metastenancistrocerus Blüthgen1 1938b: 460. Type species: Odynerus vagabundus Dalla Torre, 1889, by monotypy. Synonymized by Blüthgen (1939: 246) with Odontodynerus Blüthgen.</p><p>Mehelyella Bohart 1951: 888; Type species: Odynerus parvulus Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1841, by original designation. Synonymized by van der Vecht and Fischer (1972: 70).</p><p>Diagnosis. Axillary fossa oval, broader than long; propodeum with submarginal carina produced into pointed lamella apically and valvula enlarged and free posteriorly from submarginal carina; metanotum bidentate; pretegular carina present; T1 sessile, without transverse carina; fore wing with recurrent veins both received in second submarginal cell; second submarginal cell not petiolate.</p><p>Distribution. Ethiopian, Oriental and Palearctic Regions.</p><p>Ethology. In this study we observed an interesting behavior, i.e., parasitic association of strepsipteran insects, for the first time in the genus Antepipona .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5337E80AFFA11A07C3AFFF3DFDE9149F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kumar, Girish P.;Carpenter, James M.;Sureshan, Pavittu M.	Kumar, Girish P., Carpenter, James M., Sureshan, Pavittu M. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Zootaxa 4150 (5): 501-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.1
5337E80AFFA21A05C3AFFB52FA9217B8.text	5337E80AFFA21A05C3AFFB52FA9217B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona aurantiaca Giordani Soika 1982	<div><p>1. Antepipona aurantiaca Giordani Soika, 1982</p><p>Antepipona aurantiaca Giordani Soika 1982: 210 (key), 243, figs 44–45, ♀, Ƌ, “ India: Raipur, 300 m ” (holotype, Ƌ, RMNH); Lambert 2004: 557 (key); Gusenleitner 2006a: 690 (India: Tamil Nadu).</p><p>Diagnosis. ♀. Similar to A. minutissima and A. siamensis; but differs from both by following characters: apex of clypeus slightly emarginate, its width 1, 3 × that of maximum width of clypeus; clypeus thickly punctured with punctures larger than those of front; anterior carina of pronotum widely arched at shoulder, absent throughout dorsal surface; posterior face of metanotum convex, with small teeth; propodeum with fully rounded sides; S2 weakly convex at base. Head, mesosoma and propodeum finely and densely punctured, as in A. siamensis; but side faces of propodeum with thicker and deeper punctures than in A. siamensis . Terga, except last, with punctation fine, dense, interspaces almost always with minor punctures.</p><p>Colour. Ferruginous. Yellow markings: mandible; clypeus; front; temple; pronotum entirely; much of mesepisternum; tegulae; parategulae; scutellum; metanotum; two large spots on propodeum; legs, except part of coxa and most of hind femora; band, wide at middle and close to sides, on T1; broad band apical, enlarged at middle and at sides, and two large spots at sides near base on T2; band apical, extended to sides on T3; band apical enlarged at middle and at sides on T4; band apical enlarged at middle and short at sides on T5; almost all of T6; an apical band, relatively narrow, slightly enlarged at middle and at sides on S2; triangular spots on sides of apical margin of S3 and S4. Wings lightly browned.</p><p>Ƌ. Clypeus wider than long, slightly emarginated at apex, with large punctures, moderately dense; apical antennal article weakly curved, gradually narrowed from base to apex, reaching to about midpoint of 10th article. Other characters as that of ♀.</p><p>Size (H+M+T1+T2). ♀, 6.5– 7 mm; Ƌ, 6 mm.</p><p>Material examined. INDIA: Tamil Nadu, Nedungadu, Tanjore, 1Ƌ, 14.v, Coll. P.S. Nathan (AMNH).</p><p>Distribution. India: Chhattisgarh, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand; Sri Lanka.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5337E80AFFA21A05C3AFFB52FA9217B8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kumar, Girish P.;Carpenter, James M.;Sureshan, Pavittu M.	Kumar, Girish P., Carpenter, James M., Sureshan, Pavittu M. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Zootaxa 4150 (5): 501-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.1
5337E80AFFA31A05C3AFFEE9FF6B15FB.text	5337E80AFFA31A05C3AFFEE9FF6B15FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona bhutanensis Giordani Soika 1975	<div><p>2. Antepipona bhutanensis Giordani Soika, 1975</p><p>Antepipona bhutanensis Giordani Soika 1975: 390, figs 2, 4, Ƌ, ♀, “ Bhutan: Thimphu ” (holotype, Ƌ, NHMB); 1982: 205, 208 (key), 252; Lambert 2004: 555 (key).</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is very similar to A. tytides (Cameron) except posterior side of propodeum shiny, with very superficial striations and small punctures; metanotal teeth more distant from lateral margins; base of S2 less bulging.</p><p>Distribution. Bhutan.</p><p>Remarks. No specimens were available for our studies; hence the diagnosis was taken from Giordani Soika (1982).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5337E80AFFA31A05C3AFFEE9FF6B15FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kumar, Girish P.;Carpenter, James M.;Sureshan, Pavittu M.	Kumar, Girish P., Carpenter, James M., Sureshan, Pavittu M. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Zootaxa 4150 (5): 501-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.1
5337E80AFFA31A00C3AFFCA1FCF5124C.text	5337E80AFFA31A00C3AFFCA1FCF5124C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona biguttata (Fabricius 1787)	<div><p>3. Antepipona biguttata (Fabricius, 1787)</p><p>(Figs 1–12)</p><p>Vespa biguttata Fabricius 1787: 291, “China” (Ƌ, UZMC); Olivier 1792: 689; Fabricius 1793: 272; 1804: 267; de Saussure 1853: 265 (unidentified species); 1855: 277 (? synonym of Odynerus bipustulatus de Saussure, 1855); Dalla Torre 1894: 139 (cat.); 1904: 66 (cat.); Schulz 1912: 83, 100 (types examined; 2 specimens belonging to 2 species of Odynerus; no descriptive notes).</p><p>Odynerus biguttatus: Schulz 1912: 100; Liu 1936: 106 (cat.).</p><p>Odontodynerus biguttatus: van der Vecht 1959: 241, fig 3 (redescription of type); Iwata 1964: 344 (ethology).</p><p>Antepipona biguttata: van der Vecht &amp; Fischer 1972: 71 (cat.); Madl 1995: 398 (Thailand); Kim &amp; Yamane 2003: 288, figs 1– 8 (syn.: A. biguttata takaoensis; China; spec. from Korea); Gusenleitner 2006a: 690 (India: Karnataka, Meghalaya); 2011: 1360 (Laos); Nguyen et al. 2014: 8 (list).</p><p>Antepipona injucunda Giordani Soika 1973: 104, ♀, Ƌ, “ China; Wa-sha-toui, Kwan-tung” (ZMB); Giordani Soika 1982: 205, 207 (key), 222 (syn. of A. biguttata).</p><p>Antepipona biguttata biguttata: Giordani Soika 1982: 205, 207 (key), 221, figs 16–22 (syn.: A. injucunda; China; Vietnam; Myanmar; Malaysia; India); Gusenleitner 1988: 179 (Thailand); Lambert 2004: 555 (key).</p><p>Antepipona biguttata takaoensis Giordani Soika 1982: 207 (key), 224, ♀, Ƌ, “ Formosa: Takao” (holotype, ♀, MSNV); Kim &amp; Yamane 2003: 287, 288 (syn. of nominotypical subspecies); Lambert 2004: 555 (key).</p><p>Anterhynchium ovalis: Yamane &amp; Wang 1996: 62 . Misidentification.</p><p>Antepipona excelsa keralensis Lambert 2004: 562 –564, ♀, holotype (ZSIK), examined. Syn. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis. ♀. Clypeus as wide as long, with two longitudinal carinae originating from middle (Fig. 2); metanotal teeth bigger, distance between teeth about as equal as distance between each tooth and lateral metanotal margin; head and mesosoma moderately punctate (Fig. 4); curved transverse carina on either side of posterior portion of propodeum (Fig. 5); anterior face of pronotum with horizontal series of punctures on middle third, close to each other and separated by subtle carinae (Fig. 3); characteristic pattern of yellow bands on body (Fig. 1).</p><p>Colour. Body black with yellow markings. Yellow regions: base of mandibles; large transverse mark on base and pair of small spots at apex of clypeus, apical marks sometimes absent; mark from base of clypeus to front along inner margin of eye up to top of eye emargination; large quadrangular spot on front above antenna; long mark on temple towards vertex; ventral side of scape; pair of triangular mark on horizontal part of pronotum, sometime fused at middle; subcircular spot on mesopleuron; tegula except at centre brown or black; parategula; pair of large spots at scutellum and small spots on metanotum; longitudinal band on propodeum laterally; mark on mid coxa; apical half of fore and mid femur ventrally; all tibia at outer side; narrow band at apex on T1, wider at middle; wider band at apex of T2, S2, which greatly enlarged at middle and on sides; two spots on either side of base of T2 laterally; T3 with narrow apical band, enlarged at sides, sometimes thin median part disappearing; T4 with narrow, almost regular apical band, sometimes abbreviated to sides; T5 with semicircular stain at middle of apical margin. Legs yellowish brown to brown except yellow at outer side of hind basitarsus.</p><p>Ƌ. Similar to ♀ except that clypeus slightly concave at base and more deeply emarginated at apex (Fig. 8); apical antennal article large, arcuate, gradually tapered from base to apex, which almost reaching base of 10th article (Fig. 9). Colour differing from ♀ in having clypeus entirely yellow; mandible almost entirely yellow except brown at inner margin; yellow mark at lower front inverted triangular shaped and touching to base of clypeus (Fig. 7).</p><p>Size (H+M+T1+T2). ♀ 6–7 mm; Ƌ 6–7 mm.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype of Antepipona excelsa keralensis, ♀, “ INDIA: Kerala, Parambikulam ”, Regd. No. ZSI/ WGRC /I.R. – INV.1922; ZSIC 1.0103 (Figs 10–12) (ZSIK). INDIA: Arunachal Pradesh, Papumpare district, Naharlagun, 1Ƌ, 25.viii.1998, Coll. A.R. Lahiri &amp; Party, NZC No. 16113/H3 ; Lower Dibang Valley district, Roing, 1♀, 20.ix.2002, Coll. M. Sil &amp; Party, NZC No. 16114/H3 . Bihar, Katihar district, Bhogaon, 1Ƌ, 1♀, 3.x.1908, Coll. C.A. Paiva, NZC Nos. 368/H3, 385/H3 . Kerala: Palakkad district, Silent Valley, 1♀, 1Ƌ, 15.i.1980, Coll. K.R. Rao &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16115/H3, 16116/H3 ; Kannur district, Thekkumbad, 1♀, 7.xi.2002, Coll. K.C. Gopi &amp; Party, NZC No. 16117/H3 ; Palakkad district, Chittoor, 1♀, 10.ix.2010, Coll. K. Rajmohana &amp; Party, NZC No. 16118/H3 ; Kozhikode district, Nanminda, 4♀, 3Ƌ, 5.xi.2011 &amp; 6.x.2014, Coll. P. Girish Kumar, NZC Nos. 16119/H3–16125/H3 . Manipur, exact locality, date of collection and name of collector unknown, 1♀, NZC No. 16126/H3; Imphal Valley, 1♀, 31.viii.1945, Coll. M.L. Roonwal, NZC No. 16127/H3 ; Imphal West district, Kangchup, 1♀, 9.x.1976, Coll. Unknown, NZC No. 16128/H3; Erioshemba, 1♀, 11.x.1976, Coll. S. Jankan, NZC No. 16129/H3 . Odisha, Puri district, Satpara, 1♀, 18.ix.1913, Coll. N. Annandale, NZC No. 379/H3 . Sikkim, exact locality unknown, 4♀, July 1897, Coll. Dudgeon, NZC Nos. 16130/H3–16133/H3; East Sikkim district, Ranipool, 1♀, 22.v.1994, Coll. B.C. Das &amp; Party, NZC No. 16134/H3 ; East Sikkim district, Rangpo, 1♀, 14.ix.1978, Coll. A.N.T. Joseph &amp; Party, NZC No. 16171/H3 . Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri district, Devala, 1Ƌ, v.1961, Coll. P.S. Nathan, NZC No. 16135/H3; Nilgiri Hills, Mango Range, 3 800’, 1♀, v.1949, Coll. P.S. Nathan (AMNH) . Tripura, West Tripura district, Agartala, 1♀, 10.xii.1977, Coll. M. Muraleedharan &amp; Party, NZC No. 16136/H3 ; North Tripura district, Dharmanagar, 1Ƌ, 1.v.1978, Coll. J.K. Jonathan &amp; Party, NZC No. 16137/H3 ; Gomati district, Udaipur, 1Ƌ, 14.v.1978, Coll. A. Issar, NZC No. 16138/H3 ; South Tripura district, Garjee, 2♀, 15.v.1978, Coll. J.K. Jonathan &amp; Party, NZC No. 16139/H3, 16140/H3 ; South Tripura district, Belonia, 1Ƌ, 15–18.v.1978, Coll. J.K. Jonathan &amp; Party, NZC No. 16141/H3 ; Khowai district, Teliamura, 4♀, 1Ƌ, 18–20.v.1978, Coll. J.K. Jonathan &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16142/H3–16146/H3 ; West Tripura district, Baramura, 1♀, 22.v.1978, Coll. A. Issar, NZC No. 16147/H3 ; Dhalai district, Ambassa, 11Ƌ, 1♀, 25.v.1978, Coll. J.K. Jonathan &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16148/H3– 16159/H3 ; Dhalai district, Ambassa, 4Ƌ, 1♀, 25.v.1978, Coll. A. Issar, NZC Nos. 16160/H3–16164/H3 ; West Tripura district, Pulinpur, 1♀, 10.v.1992, Coll. J.K. Jonathan &amp; Party, NZC No. 16165/H3 ; Khowai district, Teliamura, 1Ƌ, 20.v.1978, Coll. J.K. Jonathan &amp; Party, NZC No. 16454/H3 . Uttar Pradesh, Balrampur district, Jaitapur, 1Ƌ, 9.x.2000, Coll. S.I. Kazmi &amp; Party, NZC No. 16166/H3 . West Bengal, S–24 Parganas district, Lakshmikantapur, 1Ƌ, 15.x.1965, Coll. Unknown, NZC No. 16167/H3 ; Purulia district, Ajodhya Hill, 1♀, 3.xi.1985, Coll. M. Dutta &amp; Party, NZC No. 16168/H3 ; Bardhhaman district, Kaichar, 1♀, 5.ix.1986, Coll. K.K. Ray &amp; Party, NZC No. 16169/H3; S–24 Parganas district, Sunderbans Biosphere Reserve, Pakhirala, 1Ƌ, 3.viii.2013, Coll. Gaurav Sharma &amp; Party, NZC No. 16170/H3.</p><p>Distribution. India: * Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, * Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya, * Odisha, * Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, * Tripura, * Uttar Pradesh, * West Bengal; China; Korea; Laos; Malaysia; Myanmar; Taiwan; Thailand; Vietnam.</p><p>Ethology. In this study we observed an interesting behavior, i.e., parasitic association of strepsipteran insects, for the first time in the genus Antepipona . Female strepsipteran parasites were observed under the metasomal terga segment of Antepipona biguttata in one ♀ specimen from Manipur (Fig. 10). The ♀ strepsipteran endoparasites are larviform, leg–less and wing–less, without eyes, antennae and external genitalia. In fig 10 the ♀ strepsipteran parasite is seen as partially projecting out from wasp’s metasoma.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5337E80AFFA31A00C3AFFCA1FCF5124C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kumar, Girish P.;Carpenter, James M.;Sureshan, Pavittu M.	Kumar, Girish P., Carpenter, James M., Sureshan, Pavittu M. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Zootaxa 4150 (5): 501-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.1
5337E80AFFA61A0FC3AFFAC5FCCF148A.text	5337E80AFFA61A0FC3AFFAC5FCCF148A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona bipustulata (de Saussure 1856) de Saussure 1855	<div><p>4. Antepipona bipustulata (de Saussure, 1855)</p><p>(Figs 13–24)</p><p>Odynerus bipustulatus de Saussure 1855: 277, Ƌ, ♀, pl. XII fig 10 (syn.:? Vespa biguttata Fabricius; in subgenus Odynerus division Epsilon)—locality? (MP); Smith 1857: 85 (cat., “China”); de Saussure 1863: 226 (Indes); Dalla Torre 1894: 56 (cat.); Bingham 1897: 362 (key), 369, fig 108 (India: Delhi, Allahabad, Agra, Barrackpore; Burma: Tenasserim); Rothney 1903: 107 (Barrackpore, Bengal, common); Dalla Torre 1904: 41 (in subgenus Lionotus; cat.); Annandale 1912: 39 (India, Parésnath, 4000–4400 ft); von Schulthess 1914: 266 (in subgenus Lionotus; Ceylon; Java; Sumatra); 1927: 81 (in subgenus Lionotus; Sumatra); Dover 1929: 45 (Singapore); 1931: 255 (Malaya); Bischoff 1932: 739 (Sumatra).</p><p>Antepipona bipustulata: Giordani Soika 1982: 205, 210 (key), 228, fig 29 (China; India; Myanmar; Thailand; Malaysia; Indonesia: Sumatra; Java, Riau Archipelago); Gusenleitner 1988: 180 (Thailand) ; Lambert 2004: 558 (key); Gusenleitner 2011: 1360 (Laos); Nugroho et al. 2012: 79 (list).</p><p>Diagnosis. ♀. (Figs 13–19): Outer margin of posterior lobe of tegulae not strongly concave, posterior lobe bends slightly towards base, and its apex almost equal to parategula (Fig. 16); parategula arched (Fig. 16); S2 convex at base to apex, where it creates fold followed by slight depression (Fig. 19); width between clypeal teeth equal to interantennal space (Fig. 14); clypeal apex slightly emarginated, with apical teeth short, but acute (Fig. 15); carina of anterior face of pronotum well developed on sides and on shoulders and absent on dorsal surface; anterior face of pronotum with two cross impressions at middle, surrounded by smooth area or some small punctures; its sides with very large and thick punctures; metanotal teeth triangular, separated by distance which not much greater than that which separates them from lateral margins of metanotum; posterior face of propodeum without superior transverse carina (Fig. 17).</p><p>Colour. Body black, with ventral face of apical antennal articles sometimes ferruginous, and tarsi brown– ferruginous. Yellow markings: V–shaped mark at base of mandible; band at base of clypeus, sometimes interrupted at middle; sometimes marks at apex of clypeus; spot on front; strip along inner orbit up to ocular sinus; ventral face of scape; long mark on temple; medially interrupted broad band on dorsal surface of pronotum; large round spot on mesepisternum; two spots on scutellum; two spots, sometimes combined into one band, on metanotum; outer half of dorsal and posterior face of propodeum; tegulae, except black or brown mark at middle; parategulae; stains on fore and mid coxae; large spots on outer face of fore and mid femora; outer face of all tibiae; T1 with an apical band, abbreviated at sides and sometimes two isolated spots on sides; T2 with an apical band and two lateral spots at base; S2 with band similar to that of T2; T3 and S3 with short marks to sides of apical margin; T4 with an apical band abbreviated at sides; T5 sometimes with small median apical band; spot at middle of T6. Wings subhyaline; fore wing with dark infumation on marginal cell.</p><p>Ƌ (Figs 20–24): Clypeus slightly wider than long, with apical semicircular emargination, apical teeth triangular, acute (Fig. 22). Apical antennal article of medium length, slightly arched, its apex reaching to base of 11th article (Fig. 23). Yellow too: mandible, clypeus entirely; yellow mark on front extends towards interantennal space; apical bands on T4–T6 and mark on sides of S4. Apical tergite black or brown. Other characters similar to that of ♀.</p><p>Size (H+M+T1+T2). ♀, 7.5–8.5 mm; Ƌ, 6–7 mm.</p><p>Material examined. INDIA: Arunachal Pradesh, Papumpare district, Itanagar, 1Ƌ, 22.v.1998, Coll. A.R. Lahiri &amp; Party, NZC No. 16310/H3 ; Tawang district, Tang, 1♀, 27.x.2007, Coll. G. Srinivasan &amp; Party, NZC No. 16311/H3 . Chhattisgarh, Jashpur district, Narayanpur, 1♀, 15.xi.2011, Coll. Mandal &amp; Party, NZC No. 16312/H3 ; Jashpur district, Bend, 1Ƌ, 21.xi.2011, Coll. Mandal &amp; Party, NZC No. 16313/H3 ; Jashpur district, Badalkhol, 1♀, 1Ƌ, 27.v.2012, Coll. A. Raha &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16314/H3, 16315/H3 . Meghalaya, East Garo Hills district, Dainadubi, 2Ƌ, 8–13.v.1979, Coll. S.B. Roy &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16316/H3, 16317/H3 . Nagaland, Tuensang district, Longkhim, 1Ƌ, 23.ix.1994, Coll. B. Mitra &amp; Party, NZC No. 16318/H3 . Tripura, South Tripura district, Garjee, 2♀, 13.v.1978, Coll. J.K. Jonathan &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16319/H3, 16320/H3 ; Khowai district, Teliamura, 1♀, 4Ƌ, 18–20.v.1978, Coll. J.K. Jonathan &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16321/H3–16325/H3 ; Dhalai district, Ambassa, 4Ƌ, 24–25.v.1978, Coll. J.K. Jonathan &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16326/H3–16329/H3 . West Bengal, Kolkata, 1♀, date of collection and name of collector unknown, NZC No. 16330/H3; Kolkata, 1♀, 14.viii.1904, Coll. Brunetti, NZC No. 16331/H3 ; Darjeeling district, Sukna, 2Ƌ, 1.vii.1908, Coll. N. Annandale, NZC Nos. 367/H3, 370/H3; N–24 Parganas district, Duttapukur, 1♀, 6.xii.1986, Coll. A.N.T. Joseph &amp; Party, NZC No. 16332/H3 ; Nadia district, Taherpur, 1♀, 16.xi.2014, Coll. P.C. Mazumdar, NZC No. 16333/H3.</p><p>Distribution. India: * Arunachal Pradesh, * Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Jharkhand, * Meghalaya, * Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, * Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal; Sri Lanka; Myanmar; China; Thailand; Laos; Malaysia; Singapore; Indonesia: Sumatra (including Riau Islands), Java.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5337E80AFFA61A0FC3AFFAC5FCCF148A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kumar, Girish P.;Carpenter, James M.;Sureshan, Pavittu M.	Kumar, Girish P., Carpenter, James M., Sureshan, Pavittu M. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Zootaxa 4150 (5): 501-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.1
5337E80AFFA91A0AC3AFFBBBFE0A157D.text	5337E80AFFA91A0AC3AFFBBBFE0A157D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona ceylonica (de Saussure 1867)	<div><p>5. Antepipona ceylonica (de Saussure, 1867)</p><p>(Figs 25–34)</p><p>Odynerus ceylonicus de Saussure 1867: 12, ♀, Ƌ (in subgenus Leionotus division Epsilon)—“Ceylon” (MHNG); Dalla Torre 1894: 59 (cat.);? Bingham 1896: 449 (cat.); 1897: 362 (key), 368 (Sikkim; Burma); Dalla Torre 1904: 42 (in subgenus Lionotus; cat.); Paiva 1907: 15 (India: Siliguri).</p><p>Odynerus ornaticaudis Cameron 1909: 137, ♀—“Bombay” (BMNH); Giordani Soika 1941: 264 (in subgenus Rhynchium; Burma; close to O. ovalis de Saussure); Giordani Soika 1982: 215 (syn. of A. ceylonica).</p><p>Antepipona ceylonica: Giordani Soika, 1982: 207 (key), 215, figs 7–10 (India: Benaras, Anamalai Hills, Bombay, Walayar Forests, Coimbatore, Alagar Kovil, Nandy Hills, Nilgiri Hills, Begunia; Sri Lanka; Burma); Lambert 2004: 555 (key), 561 (compared to A. malabarica n. sp.); Gusenleitner 2006a: 690 (India: Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala); Kumar &amp; Sharma 2014: 234 (list), 239 (India: Rajasthan), fig 7.</p><p>Diagnosis. ♀. (Figs 25–31): Pronotal carina well developed on lateral sides, not reaching dorsal side, it bends inwards before reaching dorsal side (Fig. 28); dorsal side completely rounded; coloration of metasoma characteristic (Fig. 31).</p><p>Colour. Body black, with yellow markings. Yellow: basal half of mandibles except basal black spot; clypeus with broad band basal and two apical fused or isolated longitudinal lines, mark at apex sometimes absent; lower face of scape; sub quadrate stain on front except at inter antennal space; band along inner orbits of lower lobes of eyes, which extends up to little above ocular sinus, sometimes spot in between upper lobe of eye and posterior ocelli and sometimes combined with yellow band of inner orbits; large line on temple; two large spots on dorsal surface of pronotum; large spot on mesepisternum; tegulae, except transverse brown band at middle; parategula; two large spots on scutellum; two spots on metanotum, sometimes fused; two wide longitudinal bands on propodeum; spots on mid and hind coxa; fore and mid femora, except dark line across back face; fore and mid tibia, except dark line across back face; outer face of hind tibiae; thin line across bottom face of first article of hind tarsi; tarsi yellow to brown ferruginous; T1 apically on band, narrow at sides where sometimes joins two specks, which isolated or absent; T2 with two large round spots at base and an apical band slightly enlarged in middle and on sides; minute specks on lateral margins of T3; thin band, sinuous, almost regular on T4; round spot on T6; S2–S3 with an apical band slightly enlarged at middle and on sides, sometimes S3 with only traces of apical band; sometimes even specks on lateral margins of apical of S4. Ventral surface of pedicel and flagellar segments yellowish brown. Wings sub hyaline, infumated along apical half of marginal vein.</p><p>Ƌ (Figs 32–34). Clypeus slightly wider than long, rather strongly convex, weakly emarginated at apex, with short, sharp teeth, densely punctured (Fig. 33); apical antennal article hook–like which reaching middle of tenth article (Fig. 34); punctures stronger than those in ♀. Colour similar to ♀ except clypeus, supraclypeal area and interantennal space entirely yellow; mandible almost entirely yellow except brown apex; apex of T5 with yellow band; T7 without yellow markings.</p><p>Size (H+M+T1+T2). ♀, 6.5–7.5 mm; Ƌ, 6–7 mm.</p><p>Material examined. INDIA: Andhra Pradesh, Chittoor district, Ramapuram, 1Ƌ, 14.x.1997, Coll. B.C. Das &amp; Party, NZC No. 16022/H3 . Chhattisgarh, Raipur district, Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary, Bar village, 1♀, 20.vii.2011, Coll. S.K. Gupta &amp; Party, NZC No. 15291/H3; Jashpur district, Rangpur, 2Ƌ, 24.xi.2011, Coll. Mandal &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 15292/H3, 15293/H3 . Goa, Poinguinim, 1Ƌ, 16.vi.1979, Coll. A.K. Sarkar &amp; Party, NZC No. 16023/H3 . Gujarat, Junagadh district, Junagadh Circuit House Campus, 1♀, 15.vii.2014, Coll. Gaurav Sharma &amp; Party, NZC No. 16024/H3 . Jharkhand, Giridih district, Paresnath Hills, 1♀, 13.iv.1909, Coll. N. Annandale, NZC No. 16025/H3. Karnataka, Chikmagalur district, Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Likkavalli, 1♀, 11.xi.2006, Coll. K.G. Emiliyamma &amp; Party, NZC No. 16026/H3 . Kerala, Kozhikode district, Nanminda, 2♀, 2Ƌ, 6.vi.2010, 5.x.2011 &amp; 3.vi.2015, Coll. P. Girish Kumar, NZC Nos. 16027/H3–16029/H3 &amp; 17556/H3 . Rajasthan, Sirohi dist., Mount Abu, 3Ƌ, 10–11.vii.2014, Coll. Gaurav Sharma &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 15028/H3–15030/H3 . Tamil Nadu, Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary, 1♀, 21.xii.2008, Coll. R. Angels &amp; Party, NZC No. 16030/H3; Vellore district, Agaram, 1Ƌ, 29.xii.2010, Coll. S. Prabakaran &amp; Party, NZC No. 16728/H3. Telangana, Khammam district, Bhadrachalam, 1♀, 7.iv.2014, Coll. R. Aengals &amp; Party, NZC No. 16729/H3 . Uttarakhand, Haridwar district, Bahadrabad, 1♀, 15.vi.2003, Coll. B.G. Kundu &amp; Party, NZC No. 16031/H3 . West Bengal, Paschim Medinipur district, Kharagpur, 1♀, 17–30.vi.1911, Coll. R. Hodgart, NZC No. 16032/H3.</p><p>Distribution. India: * Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, * Goa, * Gujarat, * Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, *Telangana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal; Myanmar; Sri Lanka.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5337E80AFFA91A0AC3AFFBBBFE0A157D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kumar, Girish P.;Carpenter, James M.;Sureshan, Pavittu M.	Kumar, Girish P., Carpenter, James M., Sureshan, Pavittu M. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Zootaxa 4150 (5): 501-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.1
5337E80AFFAC1A0AC3AFFD35FEA611CF.text	5337E80AFFAC1A0AC3AFFD35FEA611CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona consors Giordani Soika 1982	<div><p>6. Antepipona consors Giordani Soika, 1982</p><p>Antepipona consors Giordani Soika 1982: 210 (key), 214, figs 3–6, ♀, Ƌ, “ S. India: Nilgiri Hills, Devala, 3200 ft.” (holotype, ♀, RMNH); Lambert 2004: 558 (censors [!]; key).</p><p>Diagnosis. ♀. Similar to A. guttata (Smith) . Clypeus wider and less deeply emarginated, with moderately sharp apical teeth; S2 almost uniformly convex at base; metanotal teeth normal size; posterior side of propodeum without transverse upper carina; anterior face of pronotum, pronotal carina, tegula, parategula, metanotum, propodeum and metasoma as that of A. guttata; punctures as that of A. guttata, but front more dense and mesepisternum more spaced.</p><p>Colour. Body black with apex of mandible brown. Yellow markings: V–shaped mark on mandible; clypeus; large mark on front; wide band along inner orbit of lower lobe of eye up to little above ocular sinus which connected with frontal mark; scape except triangular black spot at apex of dorsal face; an elongated large spot on temple; anterior two–thirds of dorsal surface of pronotum; large round spot on mesepisternum; scutellum; metanotum; outer half of dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum; tegula; parategula; femur, tibiae and tarsi of all legs except basal half of hind femora black; an apical band, connected with lateral spot at sides, on T1; two large spots at base, and band apically enlarged at middle and at sides on T2; medially interrupted apical band on T3; apical band on T4; median apical spot on T5; round spot on T6; broad apical band, enlarged at middle and on sides, on S2; similar but narrow band on S3; apical spot on lateral margin of S4. Wings lightly browned; fore wing with dark infumation at apical half of marginal cell.</p><p>Ƌ. Clypeus not wider than long, strongly emarginated at apex; apical antennal article small, slightly arched, its apex hardly reaching to base 11th article. Coloration as that of ♀, but hind femora yellow, with thin brownish black line at inner side.</p><p>Size (H+M+T1+T2). ♀, 7 mm; Ƌ, 6–6.5 mm.</p><p>Material examined. INDIA: Karnataka, Kalaburagi district, Gulbarga University Campus, 1♀, 10.iv.2014, Coll. S. Angalki, NZC No. 16334/H3.</p><p>Distribution. India: * Karnataka, Tamil Nadu.</p><p>Remarks. No Ƌ specimen was available for our studies; hence the characters of Ƌ were taken from Giordani Soika, 1982.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5337E80AFFAC1A0AC3AFFD35FEA611CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kumar, Girish P.;Carpenter, James M.;Sureshan, Pavittu M.	Kumar, Girish P., Carpenter, James M., Sureshan, Pavittu M. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Zootaxa 4150 (5): 501-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.1
5337E80AFFAC1A0BC3AFF946FF541478.text	5337E80AFFAC1A0BC3AFF946FF541478.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona exaltata Giordani Soika 1982	<div><p>7. Antepipona exaltata Giordani Soika, 1982</p><p>Antepipona exaltata Giordani Soika 1982: 210 (key), 234, figs 35–36, ♀, Ƌ, “ S. India: Nilgiri Hills, Devala, 3200 ft.” (holotype, ♀, RMNH); Lambert 2004: 558 (key).</p><p>Diagnosis. ♀. Outer margin of posterior lobe of tegulae strongly concave, posterior lobe bending towards base, becoming almost vertical, and apex under parategula; parategula straight in apical half; anterior face of pronotum with two cross impressions at middle, surrounded by sparse punctures, absent at middle; mesepisternum with epicnemial carina much less developed than in A. bipustulata; T1 considerably more elongated than in A. bipustulata; S2 strongly convex at base, not depressed at middle; punctures and pilosity as that of A. bipustulata .</p><p>Colour. Body black, with ventral face of funicles and tarsi brown–ferruginous, more or less dark. Yellow markings: V–shaped mark on mandible; large medially interrupted band at base of clypeus; spot on front; thin line along inner orbit up to ocular sinus, much wider at ocular sinus and extends little upward; long mark at temples; about half of anterior dorsal surface of pronotum; round spot on mesepisternum; tegula, except mark at baseline ferruginous brown, or black; parategula; band on scutellum; most of metanotum; two bands on sides of propodeum; much of outer face of fore and mid femora; outer face of all tibiae; an apical band much enlarged at middle on T1, sometimes joined to two large lateral spots; an apical band almost regular and two large spots on sides at base on T2; spots, often absent, on sides of T3; an apical band on T4; mark on T5 and T6; an apical band on S2; sometimes an apical band on S3 and spots on sides of S4. Wings subhyaline; fore wing with dark infumation on marginal cell.</p><p>Ƌ. Clypeus longer than in A. bipustulata, about as wide as long, almost uniformly convex, punctures as that of A. bipustulata; apical antennal article more delicate, more subtle, than in A. bipustulata, spiniform, regularly arched; mandible and clypeus yellow; stain of front bigger and fully occupies interantennal space; T6 and T7 black. Other characters as that of ♀.</p><p>Size (H+M+T1+T2). ♀, 8–8.5 mm; Ƌ, 7–8 mm.</p><p>Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu.</p><p>Remarks. No material was available for our studies; hence the description was taken from Giordani Soika, 1982.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5337E80AFFAC1A0BC3AFF946FF541478	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kumar, Girish P.;Carpenter, James M.;Sureshan, Pavittu M.	Kumar, Girish P., Carpenter, James M., Sureshan, Pavittu M. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Zootaxa 4150 (5): 501-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.1
5337E80AFFAD1A0BC3AFFC29FDF813F8.text	5337E80AFFAD1A0BC3AFFC29FDF813F8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona excelsa Giordani Soika 1982	<div><p>8. Antepipona excelsa Giordani Soika, 1982</p><p>Antepipona excelsa Giordani Soika 1982: 205, 208 (key), 249, ♀, “ Tibet: Rongshar Valley, 12000 ft ” (BMNH); Gusenleitner 1987: 266, figs 8–9 (Nepal); Lambert 2004: 556 (key).</p><p>Diagnosis. ♀. S2 very bulging at base, forming well distinguishable anterior side, separated from ventral side by means of fold in shape of carina; anterior carina of pronotum sharply angular at shoulder; posterior face of propodeum with two transverse, short but well developed upper carina (Fig. 41); posterior face of propodeum with moderately strong punctures and striations.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5337E80AFFAD1A0BC3AFFC29FDF813F8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kumar, Girish P.;Carpenter, James M.;Sureshan, Pavittu M.	Kumar, Girish P., Carpenter, James M., Sureshan, Pavittu M. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Zootaxa 4150 (5): 501-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.1
5337E80AFFAD1A0BC3AFFAA9FDCE105B.text	5337E80AFFAD1A0BC3AFFAA9FDCE105B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona excelsa subsp. excelsa excelsa Giordani Soika 1982	<div><p>8a. Antepipona excelsa excelsa Giordani Soika, 1982</p><p>(Figs 35, 36)</p><p>Colour. ♀ (Figs 35–36). Body black with mandible, tegulae and tarsi ferruginous. Dark yellow to almost orange: band at base of clypeus, sometimes interrupted at middle; mark on front; line on lower lobe of inner orbit of eye up to bottom of ocular sinus; ventral side of scape; band on anterior margin of pronotum; mark on mesepisternum; two marks on scutellum; tegula and parategula; apex of outer face of fore and mid femora; fore and mid tibiae; base of hind tibiae; an apical band on T1; two spots on sides of base and large apical band on T2; thin apical band on T3; apical band, relatively large, on T4; sometimes mark at middle of T6; large apical band on S2. Wing strongly infumated, with violet reflection.</p><p>Ƌ. Unknown.</p><p>Size (H+M+T1+T2). 8.5–9.5 mm.</p><p>Material examined. NEPAL: Kathmandu district, Sundarijal, 2♀, date of collection and name of collector unknown, NZC Nos. 16363/H3, 16364/H3.</p><p>Distribution. Nepal; China: Tibet.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5337E80AFFAD1A0BC3AFFAA9FDCE105B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kumar, Girish P.;Carpenter, James M.;Sureshan, Pavittu M.	Kumar, Girish P., Carpenter, James M., Sureshan, Pavittu M. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Zootaxa 4150 (5): 501-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.1
5337E80AFFAD1A09C3AFF8CBFCF417B8.text	5337E80AFFAD1A09C3AFF8CBFCF417B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona excelsa subsp. pallida Giordani Soika 1982	<div><p>8b. Antepipona excelsa pallida Giordani Soika, 1982</p><p>(Figs 37–42)</p><p>Antepipona excelsa pallida Giordani Soika 1982: 250, ♀, “ Himalaya: Kumaon, Chaubattia” (RMNH).</p><p>♀ (Figs 37–42). Differs from the nominotypical subspecies for the pale yellow colour of the spots. Other colour differences: mandible with V–shaped spot at base; clypeus, in addition to basal band, with pre apical yellow mark; dorsal face of propodeum with yellow spot; regular apical band on T4; T5 sometimes with full apical band or reduced to spot at middle; tegulae sometimes ferruginous.</p><p>Size (H+M+T1+T2). 9–9.5 mm.</p><p>Material examined. INDIA: Delhi, Palam, 1♀, 6.ix.1978, Coll. Bindu, NZC No. 16365/H3; Himachal Pradesh, Shimla district, Fagu to Kufri, 21.v.1916, Coll. N. Annandale, NZC Nos. 375/H3 &amp; 380–382/H3; Solan district, Kasauli, 19–20.vi.1979, Coll. V.K. Gupta, NZC Nos. 16366–16369/H3; Chamba district, Jamuhar, 30.vi.2012, Coll. D. Banerjee &amp; Party, NZC No. 16370/H3.</p><p>Distribution. India: * Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5337E80AFFAD1A09C3AFF8CBFCF417B8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kumar, Girish P.;Carpenter, James M.;Sureshan, Pavittu M.	Kumar, Girish P., Carpenter, James M., Sureshan, Pavittu M. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Zootaxa 4150 (5): 501-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.1
5337E80AFFAF1A09C3AFFE9BFF54134E.text	5337E80AFFAF1A09C3AFFE9BFF54134E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona frontalis Giordani Soika 1981	<div><p>9. Antepipona frontalis Giordani Soika, 1982</p><p>Antepipona frontalis Giordani Soika 1982: 207 (key), 255, figs 57–58, Ƌ, ♀, “ Sri Lanka: Ham. Distr., Palatupana Tank ” (holotype, Ƌ, USNM); Lambert 2004: 554 (key); Gusenleitner 2006a: 690 (India: Kerala).</p><p>Diagnosis. Ƌ. Metanotal teeth closer to each other than to lateral metanotal margins; posterior face of propodeum smooth and shiny; S2 regularly convex from base to apex, with longitudinal groove at base; front sub opaque, smoothly punctate, punctures sparse and superficial, almost indistinguishable at middle, ferruginous.</p><p>Colour. Body ferruginous with yellow and black markings. Yellow markings: mandible; clypeus; ventral side of scape; front; temple; large and irregular band on anterior margin of pronotum; outer margin of tegula; parategula; large part of scutellum; metanotum; large part of fore and mid femur; all tibiae and tarsi; narrow band at apex, slightly enlarged at middle, on T1; two spots at sides of base of T2; apical bands, greatly enlarged at middle and on sides, on T2 and S2; wide apical bands on T3–T6 &amp; S3–S6. Black markings: radicle of scape; W–shaped inverted mark on ocellar area.</p><p>♀. Similar to male except punctures sparser; apical teeth distant from each other about 1,3 of maximum width of clypeus; Yellow band of pronotum interrupted twice and narrow on sides; T5, T6, S5 &amp; S6 and part of T4 &amp; S4 ferruginous.</p><p>Size (H+M+T1+T2). Ƌ and ♀, 7.5 mm.</p><p>Distribution. India: Kerala, Tamil Nadu; Sri Lanka.</p><p>Remarks. No material was available for our studies; hence the description was taken from Giordani Soika, 1982.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5337E80AFFAF1A09C3AFFE9BFF54134E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kumar, Girish P.;Carpenter, James M.;Sureshan, Pavittu M.	Kumar, Girish P., Carpenter, James M., Sureshan, Pavittu M. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Zootaxa 4150 (5): 501-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.1
5337E80AFFAF1A09C3AFFBF1FC4F12C7.text	5337E80AFFAF1A09C3AFFBF1FC4F12C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona guttata (Smith 1852)	<div><p>10. Antepipona guttata (Smith, 1852)</p><p>Ancistrocerus guttatus Smith 1852: 49, ♀, “Khandala” (BMNH).</p><p>Odynerus guttatus: Smith 1871: 377 (cat.); Dalla Torre 1894: 71 (“ Odynerus guttatus m.” [!]; cat.); Bingham 1897: 362 (key), 370 (Bombay); Dalla Torre 1904: 46 (in subgenus Ancistrocerus; cat.); Dover &amp; Rao 1922: 240 (India: Calcutta; Bangalore); Dover 1925: 298 (not specifically different from O. diffinis de Saussure; Calcutta; Barrackpore; Dhikala, Garhwal dist.; Bandra; Haundraw valley; Ataran valley; Yunzalin valley; Damdami valley; Senchal; Sikkim); 1929: 45 (Singapore) ; 1931: 255 (Malaysia); Giordani Soika 1941: 263 (type examined; in subgenus Rhynchium; comparison of Ƌ from Jubbulpore [= Jabalpur] with O. diffinis de Saussure).</p><p>Antepipona guttata guttata: Giordani Soika 1982: 210; Lambert 2004: 558 (key).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5337E80AFFAF1A09C3AFFBF1FC4F12C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kumar, Girish P.;Carpenter, James M.;Sureshan, Pavittu M.	Kumar, Girish P., Carpenter, James M., Sureshan, Pavittu M. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Zootaxa 4150 (5): 501-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.1
5337E80AFFAF1A09C3AFFA6EFE4E10B2.text	5337E80AFFAF1A09C3AFFA6EFE4E10B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona guttata subsp. diffinis (de Saussure 1856) de Saussure 1855	<div><p>10a. Antepipona guttata diffinis (de Saussure, 1855)</p><p>Odynerus diffinis de Saussure 1855: 274, pl. XIV fig 2, ♀ (in subgenus Odynerus division Epsilon), “Les Indes Orientales” (BMNH); Smith 1857: 59 (cat., “ India ”); de Saussure 1867: 14 (in subgenus Leionotus division Epsilon; Ƌ; China); Smith 1871: 376 (cat.); Dalla Torre 1894: 64 (cat.); Bingham 1897: 362 (key), 366, fig 106 (Sikkim; Bengal; Burma); Rothney 1903: 107 (Bengal, rare); Dalla Torre 1904: 43 (in subgenus Lionotus; Malaya; Sumatra); von Schulthess 1914: 266; Dover &amp; Rao 1922: 240 (Dhikala, Garhwal District); Dover 1925: 298 (not specifically different from Odynerus guttatus (Smith)); Dusmet 1930: 104 (India: Khandala and Borivli; notes on variation); Giordani Soika 1941: 263 (in subgenus Rhynchium; type examined; Odynerus rufescens Smith is a variety).</p><p>Antepipona guttata diffinis: Giordani Soika 1982: 205, 210 (key), 212, figs 1–2; Lambert 2004: 558 (key); Nugroho et al. 2012: 80 (list).</p><p>Distribution. India: Maharashtra, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal; China; Malaysia; Myanmar; Indonesia: Sumatra.</p><p>Remarks. Giordani Soika, 1982, opined that most of the identifications by various workers, and probably all, really belong to A. rufescens (Smith) . No material was available for our studies; hence the description was taken from Giordani Soika, 1982.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5337E80AFFAF1A09C3AFFA6EFE4E10B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kumar, Girish P.;Carpenter, James M.;Sureshan, Pavittu M.	Kumar, Girish P., Carpenter, James M., Sureshan, Pavittu M. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Zootaxa 4150 (5): 501-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.1
5337E80AFFB01A16C3AFFF3DFDDD148A.text	5337E80AFFB01A16C3AFFF3DFDDD148A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona guttata subsp. guttata (Smith 1852) guttata (Smith 1852	<div><p>10b. Antepipona guttata guttata (Smith, 1852)</p><p>Diagnosis. ♀. Apex of clypeus more closely and deeply emarginated, teeth widely rounded; S2 almost regularly convex from base to apex; metanotal teeth of normal size; mesopleuron moderately punctate; posterior side of propodeum without superior carinae; fundamental body colour black.</p><p>Colour. Body black with yellow markings. Yellow markings: V–shaped mark on mandible; clypeus; large mark on front, except at interantennal space black; wide band along inner orbits of lower lobes of eye up to ocular sinus; scape, except triangular black spot on apical half of outer face; an elongated large spot on temple; anterior two–thirds of dorsal surface of pronotum; large round spot on mesepisternum; scutellum; metanotum; dorsal face of propodeum; tegula; parategula; femur, tibiae and tarsi of all legs except basal half of hind femora black; an apical band, large at middle and narrow to sides, on T1; two large spots at base, and an apical band enlarged in middle and at sides, on T2; apical bands on T3 and T4; round spot on T6; broad apical band, enlarged at middle and on sides, on S2; apical spots on lateral margin of S3. Wings lightly browned; fore wing more infumated along coast.</p><p>Size (H+M+T1+T2). 8 mm.</p><p>Ƌ. Giordani Soika, 1982, stated in his key that Ƌ was unknown, but he (1941: 263) stated that some Ƌ from Jubbulpore certainly conspecific, and described Ƌ in contrast to A. guttata diffinis . Clypeus wider than long, semi circularly emarginate, covered with large punctures; last antennal article thin, reaching near base of 10th article; yellow markings: clypeus, mandibles, scape, much of front, eye emargination.</p><p>Material examined. INDIA: Tamil Nadu, Nedungadu, Tanjore, 1♀, 30.v, Coll. P.S. Nathan (AMNH); Nedungadu, Tanjore, 1Ƌ, 17.v, Coll. P.S. Nathan (AMNH).</p><p>Distribution. India: Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, West Bengal; Malaysia; Myanmar; Singapore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5337E80AFFB01A16C3AFFF3DFDDD148A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kumar, Girish P.;Carpenter, James M.;Sureshan, Pavittu M.	Kumar, Girish P., Carpenter, James M., Sureshan, Pavittu M. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Zootaxa 4150 (5): 501-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.1
5337E80AFFB01A16C3AFFBB8FF6B11F7.text	5337E80AFFB01A16C3AFFBB8FF6B11F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona haryana Gusenleitner 1996	<div><p>11. Antepipona haryana Gusenleitner, 1996</p><p>Antepipona haryana Gusenleitner 1996: 39, 44, fig 5, ♀, holotype, “ India, Haryana, Badkhal Lake, 22.x.1978 ” (UMHU).</p><p>Diagnosis. ♀. This species close to A. intricata (Smith) in size and colour, but front densely punctured and humeri rounded. Clypeus as wide as long, roughly punctured; front, vertex and temple (later sometimes less dense) coarsely and densely punctured, interspaces less than diameter of punctures; anterior face of pronotum with leather–like sculpture, only sides coarsely punctured; posterior surface of propodeum without transverse upper carina; base of S2 bent flat convex in profile view, not bent steeper for basal furrow.</p><p>Colour. Body brownish red with yellow and black markings. Yellow markings: Clypeus except lateral sides; weak stripe on inner rim of eye from clypeus to ocular sinus; weak spot at middle of pronotum; outer sides of tegulae; parategulae; large spot on propodeum; narrow, laterally abbreviated apical band on T1; broad apical band on T2, connected with basal spot through laterally; broad apical band on T3, T4 &amp; S2; sinuate apical band on S3; legs with few black markings. Black: around ocellus; marks on mesopleuron and legs; stripe before yellow bands on T2–T4; base of T4. Wings yellowish hyaline, fore wing with obscured brown mark at apex of radial cell.</p><p>Size (H+M+T1+T2). 11 mm.</p><p>Distribution. India: Haryana .</p><p>Remarks. No material was available for our studies; hence the description was taken from Gusenleitner (1996).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5337E80AFFB01A16C3AFFBB8FF6B11F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kumar, Girish P.;Carpenter, James M.;Sureshan, Pavittu M.	Kumar, Girish P., Carpenter, James M., Sureshan, Pavittu M. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Zootaxa 4150 (5): 501-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.1
5337E80AFFB01A17C3AFF8AEFF541454.text	5337E80AFFB01A17C3AFF8AEFF541454.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona intricata (Smith 1857)	<div><p>12. Antepipona intricata (Smith, 1857)</p><p>Odynerus intricatus Smith 1857: 59, Ƌ, “Bombay” (BMNH); Smith 1871: 376 (cat.); Dalla Torre 1894: 74 (cat.); Bingham 1897: 365 (syn. of Odynerus punctatipennis de Saussure, 1852; India: Sikkim, Allahabad, Delhi, Bombay); Dalla Torre 1904: 47 (cat.).</p><p>Antepipona intricata: Giordani Soika, 1982: 206 (key), 252, figs 53–56 (♀; India); Lambert 2004: 554 (key).</p><p>Diagnosis. Ƌ. Metanotal teeth closer to lateral metanotal margins than between themselves; posterior face of propodeum punctate; S2 bulged at base, where it strongly convex, without longitudinal furrow; front sub opaque, smoothly punctate, punctures sparse and superficial, almost indistinguishable at middle, ferruginous; apical antennal article very small, triangular, not reach half of eleventh article; propodeum with superior carina distinct.</p><p>Colour. Body ferruginous with black spot on front, which includes ocelli, and brown–black band on T2 pre apically, separating basal ferruginous part from apical yellow band. Yellow or yellow–ferruginous: mandible; clypeus; lower part of front; ventral side of scape; middle of pronotum; outer face of all tibiae and tarsi; thin regular apical band on T1, joined to sides with two spots; large spots at sides of T2, joined to an apical band that slightly enlarged at middle; band, greatly enlarged at middle and at sides, at apex of S2; T3–T7 except apex of T7 black. Wings strongly infumated; fore wing more strongly along upper margin; stigma yellow–ferruginous.</p><p>♀. Clypeus as wide as long, weakly emarginated at apex, with widely rounded apical teeth; apical margin equal to about 1, 3 × of maximum width of clypeus; antenna moderately elongated, with fifth article distinctly longer than wide; punctation of clypeus denser than that of Ƌ. Colour similar to that of Ƌ except mandibles largely ferruginous and T6 and last two sternites more ferruginous.</p><p>Size (H+M+T1+T2). Ƌ, 9 mm; ♀, 9.5 mm.</p><p>Distribution. India: Maharashtra.</p><p>Remarks. No material was available for our studies; hence the description was taken from Giordani Soika, 1982.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5337E80AFFB01A17C3AFF8AEFF541454	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kumar, Girish P.;Carpenter, James M.;Sureshan, Pavittu M.	Kumar, Girish P., Carpenter, James M., Sureshan, Pavittu M. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Zootaxa 4150 (5): 501-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.1
5337E80AFFB11A17C3AFFCCDFF5411F0.text	5337E80AFFB11A17C3AFFCCDFF5411F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona kashmirensis Giordani Soika 1977	<div><p>13. Antepipona kashmirensis Giordani Soika, 1977</p><p>Antepipona kashmirensis Giordani Soika 1977: 168, figs 28–29, 31, Ƌ, ♀, “ Kashmir: «Kashmir» 5–6000 ft.” (holotype, Ƌ, BMNH); Gusenleitner 2007: 971 (Pakistan; India).</p><p>Diagnosis. Ƌ. Clypeus widely and deeply emarginated; anterior face of pronotum punctured with median V–shaped impression less marked; pronotal carina distinct; tegulae elongated, with posterior lobe long, narrow; superior carina of posterior face of propodeum arched, short, well developed, protruding; S2 sharply lowered to base, then sub flat in longitudinal direction.</p><p>Colour. Black. Yellow markings: mandible; clypeus; large stain on bottom of front, which extends to interantennal space; scape, except black line dorsally; strip along inner orbits of lower lobes of eyes up to ocular sinus occupying entirely; stain on temples; an almost regular wide band on anterior margin of pronotum; large stain on mesepisternum; broad band on scutellum; two specks on metanotum; tegulae, sometimes in part ferruginous; parategula; large spots on dorsal side of propodeum; anterior face of all coxae; much of fore and mid femurs; apex of hind femora; all tibiae and tarsi; an apical band, slightly enlarged at middle and on sides, on T1; basal spots and large regular apical band on T2; large basal stain and medially strongly enlarged apical band, on S2; narrow apical bands on T3 and S3; broad apical band on T4–T6 and specks on lateral margin of S4 and S5. Ventral side of apical antennal article ferruginous; last tergites and sternites usually brown or brownish–ferruginous. Wings sub hyaline, lightly browned along coast.</p><p>♀. Clypeus black, with basal band and stain pre apical yellow. Rest as that of Ƌ.</p><p>Size (H+M+T1+T2). ♀, 7–7.5 mm; Ƌ, 6.6 mm.</p><p>Distribution. India: Jammu &amp; Kashmir; Pakistan.</p><p>Remarks. No material was available for our studies; hence the description was taken from Giordani Soika, 1977.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5337E80AFFB11A17C3AFFCCDFF5411F0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kumar, Girish P.;Carpenter, James M.;Sureshan, Pavittu M.	Kumar, Girish P., Carpenter, James M., Sureshan, Pavittu M. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Zootaxa 4150 (5): 501-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.1
5337E80AFFB11A15C3AFF8A1FC9D1520.text	5337E80AFFB11A15C3AFF8A1FC9D1520.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona minutissima Giordani Soika 1982	<div><p>14. Antepipona minutissima Giordani Soika, 1982</p><p>(Figs 43–48)</p><p>Antepipona minutissima Giordani Soika 1982: 209 (key), 239, figs 40–42, ♀, Ƌ, “ Sri Lanka: Mannar ” (holotype, ♀, RMNH).</p><p>Diagnosis. ♀. Apex of clypeus narrow, width less than width of interantennal space (Fig. 45); mesopleuron moderately punctate; posterior side of propodeum (Fig. 47) without transverse upper carina; S2 abruptly lowered at base, slightly depressed at middle; median area of anterior face of pronotum almost completely smooth (Fig. 46); pronotal carina present only on side faces and on shoulder; metanotal teeth well–developed, distance between them about twice that which separates one of them from lateral margin of metanotum.</p><p>Colour. Body black, with ventral surface of apical funicles, marks at base of fore and mid femora, apical marks on mid and hind tibiae and all tarsi usually brown ferruginous. Yellow markings: mandible except at apex brown; clypeus usually entirely, rarely lateral margins and transverse basal mark blackish brown; scape except dark triangular mark at apical half of dorsal side; large mark on front; broad line along inner orbit extends up to little above ocular sinus; large mark on upper half of temples; broad interrupted band on dorsal surface of pronotum; large spot on mesepisternum; wide bands on scutellum and metanotum; tegulae; parategulae; large spot on dorsal face of propodeum; most of fore and mid femora; apex of hind femora; all tibiae; outer face of all basi–tarsi; an apical band on T1, abruptly enlarged at sides; an apical broad band on T2, strongly enlarged at middle and at sides, and two large round spots on sides of base; large spots on sides of apical margin of T3; an apical band on T4; spots at middle of T5 and T6; S2 with an apical band as that of T2; S3 and S4 with spots on sides of apical margin. Wings slightly blackened, strongly along coast.</p><p>Ƌ. Apical emargination of clypeus narrow, deep; apical antennal article tiny, almost straight, its apex reaching barely half of eleventh article. Coloration as that of ♀, but T3–T5, S3 with apical yellow band.</p><p>Size (H+M+T1+T2). ♀, 5.5 mm; Ƌ, 5–5.5 mm.</p><p>Material examined. INDIA: Kerala, Kozhikode district, Nanminda, 1♀, 4.vi.2014, Coll. P. Girish Kumar, NZC No. 16361/H3 ; Tamil Nadu, Kanchipuram district, Vandalur, 1♀, 21.x.1978, Coll. R.S. Pillai &amp; Party, NZC No. 16362/H3.</p><p>Distribution. India: Kerala, * Tamil Nadu; Sri Lanka.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5337E80AFFB11A15C3AFF8A1FC9D1520	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kumar, Girish P.;Carpenter, James M.;Sureshan, Pavittu M.	Kumar, Girish P., Carpenter, James M., Sureshan, Pavittu M. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Zootaxa 4150 (5): 501-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.1
5337E80AFFB31A13C3AFFD11FE8E158D.text	5337E80AFFB31A13C3AFFD11FE8E158D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona ovalis (de Saussure 1853)	<div><p>15. Antepipona ovalis (de Saussure, 1853)</p><p>(Figs 49–58)</p><p>Vespa quadripunctata Fabricius 1787: 291 [Ƌ], “in India orientali Dom. Lundi” (UZMC) [junior primary homonym of Ves pa quadripunctata Forskål, 1775]; Gmelin 1790: 2755; Olivier 1792: 690; Fabricius 1793: 273; 1804: 268; de Saussure 1853: 264 (unidentified species); Dalla Torre 1894: 153 (cat); 1904: 67 (cat.; unidentified species).</p><p>Odynerus ovalis de Saussure 1853: 215, pl. XIX fig 4, Ƌ (in subgenus Leionotus), “Les Indes Orientales. Pondichery” (MSNG); de Saussure 1855: 245 (in subgenus Antepipona); Smith 1857: 59 (cat., India, China); Desmarest 1859: 143, fig 124 (Odynère ovale); de Saussure 1863: 227; Smith 1871: 376 (cat.); Bingham 1896: 449 (Ceylon); von Schulthess 1934: 94 (in subgenus Lionotus); Giordani Soika 1935: 250 (in subgenus Rhynchium; Ceylon); Liu 1936: 112 (cat.); Iwata 1939: 68 –69 (in subgenus Lionotus; ethology); 1942: 71, 72, 120 (ethology); Wain 1956: 32, fig. 15 (ethology).</p><p>Odynerus hindostanus Cameron 1900: 504, Ƌ, ♀ “Barrackpore, Bengal” (OUM); Rothney 1903: 107 (Barrackpore, rare); Dalla Torre 1904: 46 (cat.); Giordani Soika 1982: 219 (syn. of A. ovalis).</p><p>Odontodynerus ovalis: Blüthgen 1961: 279 (Afghanistan: Sarobi).</p><p>Lionotus ovalis: Baltazar 1966: 302 (cat.).</p><p>Antepipona ovalis: van der Vecht 1970: 16, figs 1–2 (syn. Ve spa quadripunctata Fabricius nec Forskål; description of type Ƌ of quadripunctata (Fabricius) and Ƌ of ovalis (de Saussure), India, Sri Lanka); van der Vecht &amp; Fischer 1972: 74 (cat.); Giordani Soika 1982: 205, 210 (key), 219, figs 11–15 (India: Central Province, Coimbatore, Nedungada, Karikal, Puri, Donhavur; Sri Lanka); Lambert 2004: 557 (key); Gusenleitner 2006a: 690 (India: Maharashtra, Karnataka).</p><p>Diagnosis: ♀ (Figs 49–53). Clypeus wider than long, weakly emarginated, with few small punctures (Fig. 51); mesopleuron moderately punctate; metanotum with small teeth, close to lateral metanotal margin; posterior side of propodeum without carinae; S2 not bulging at base.</p><p>Colour. Black, with apex of mandible ferruginous. Yellow markings: base of mandible; clypeus; scape except black line on upper surface toward apex; quadrangular mark on lower half of front, base distinctly wider than apex; large stain on ocular sinus, which bulges out to lower front, reaching up to clypeus; large stain on temple; medially interrupted broad band on dorsal surface of pronotum; broad mark on mesepisternum; scutellum except posterior margin; metanotum; two large spots on propodeum; tegula; parategula; front face of all coxae (sometimes absent in fore coxa); fore and mid femora; hind femur posteriorly; all tibiae; T1 with large apical band, wider at middle, together with two large lateral spots; T2 with two large lateral spots at base, and it connected to apical band, which greatly enlarged at middle and on sides; T3–T5 with comparatively narrow band, but strongly dilated at sides; round spot on T6; two broad spots at base of S2; large apical band, strongly enlarged at middle and sides on S2–S4; postero-lateral mark on S5. Tarsal segments usually yellow to yellowish brown. Wings slightly browned.</p><p>Ƌ (Figs 54–58). Clypeus much wider than long, with large emargination at apex (Fig 55); apical antennal article (Fig 56) of medium size, slightly arched, rapidly narrowed from base to apex, which reaching base of tenth article.</p><p>Size (H+M+T1+T2). ♀, 6.5–7.5 mm; Ƌ, 6–7 mm.</p><p>Material examined. INDIA: Andhra Pradesh, Guntur district, Pulladigunta, 1♀, 25.i.2004, Coll. D.R. Maulik &amp; Party, NZC No. 16242/H3 ; East Godavari district, Rajanagaram, 2♀, 1Ƌ, 26.ii.2013, Coll. S. Sheela &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16243/H3–16245/H3 ; Krishna district, Kokkiligadda, 2♀, 26.v.2012, Coll. R. Venkiteshan &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16735/H3, 16736/H3 . Chhattisgarh, Bilaspur district, Achanakmar WLS, Sihawal Sagar, 1♀, 13.vi.2012, Coll. A. Raha &amp; Party, NZC No. 15304/H3 ; Bastar district, Jagadalpur, Lamni village, 1Ƌ, 12.xii.2011, Coll. A. Raha &amp; Party, NZC No. 15305/H3 ; Kabirdham district, Dhawaipani, 1Ƌ, 30.viii.2011, Coll. Sunil K. Gupta &amp; Party, NZC No. 16269/H3 . Gujarat, Surat, 1♀, 7.v.1904, Coll. Unknown, NZC No. 16246/H3 . Jharkhand, Ramgarh, 1Ƌ, 16.iii.1983, Coll. M. Prasad &amp; Party, NZC No. 16247/H3 ; Bokaro district, Bandhudih, 1♀, 5.viii.2009, Coll. A.K. Roy Mahato, NZC No. 16248/H3 . Karnataka, Bengaluru, 1Ƌ, date of collection and name of collector unknown, NZC No. 16249/H3; Bengaluru, 1♀, date of collection unknown, Coll. J. Cameron, NZC No. 16250/H3 . Odisha, Puri, 1Ƌ, 20–21.i.1908, Coll. Unknown, NZC No. 16251/H3; Chilka lakeside, 1♀, 1Ƌ, 4.iii.1910, Coll. N. Annandale, NZC Nos. 16252/H3–16253/H3 ; Puri district, Balighai, 1Ƌ, 16–20.viii.1911, Coll. F.H. Gravely, NZC No. 16254/H3; Cuttack, 1♀, 25.xii.1970, Coll. S. Khera &amp; Party, NZC No. 16255/H3 ; Sambalpur district, Hirakud, 1Ƌ, 22.viii.1983, Coll. P. Parui &amp; Party, NZC No. 16256/H3. Pondicherry, Kurumbagarum , Karikal Terr., 1♀, viii.1949, Coll. P.S. Nathan (AMNH) . Uttarakhand, Dehradun, Golatapper forest, 3♀, 6.v.1967, Coll. J.C. Tripathi, NZC Nos. 16257/H3–16259/H3 . Uttar Pradesh, Azamgarh district, Jamalpur, 1Ƌ, 2.v.1981, Coll. T.R. Mitra &amp; Party, NZC No. 16260/H3 ; Meerut district, Pratappur, 1♀, 21.v.1989, Coll. M.S. Shishodia &amp; Party, NZC No. 16261/H3 ; Ghaziabad district, Dhaulana, 2Ƌ, 11.vi.1989, Coll. M.S. Shishodia &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16262/H3,16263/H3 ; Pratapgarh district, Antu, 1Ƌ, 27.iv.1990, Coll. T.R. Mitra &amp; Party, NZC No. 16264/H3 ; Bareilly district, Mohanpur, 1Ƌ, 16.ix.2006, Coll. S.I. Kazmi &amp; Party, NZC No. 16265/ H3 ; Mahoba district, Mahoba, 1Ƌ, 25.x.2007, Coll. S. Sheela &amp; Party, NZC No. 16266/H3 . West Bengal, Purulia, 1♀, 7.xi.1985, Coll. M. Datta &amp; Party, NZC No. 16267/H3. BANGLADESH: Goalbathan, 1Ƌ, 10.vii.1909, Coll. R. Hodgart, NZC No. 16268/H3.</p><p>Distribution. India: * Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, * Gujarat, * Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, * Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal; Afghanistan; * Bangladesh; China; Sri Lanka.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5337E80AFFB31A13C3AFFD11FE8E158D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kumar, Girish P.;Carpenter, James M.;Sureshan, Pavittu M.	Kumar, Girish P., Carpenter, James M., Sureshan, Pavittu M. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Zootaxa 4150 (5): 501-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.1
5337E80AFFB51A13C3AFFCB0FAA611A8.text	5337E80AFFB51A13C3AFFCB0FAA611A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona pruthii Giordani Soika, D. 1882	<div><p>16. Antepipona pruthii Giordani Soika, 1882</p><p>(Figs 59–66)</p><p>Antepipona pruthii Giordani Soika 1982: 205, 208 (key), 248, figs 51–52, Ƌ, “ Kashmir: Daksum, 7500 ft . ” (RMNH); also from “ Srinagar ” and “ India: Punjab, Bhuban, 6000 ft . , Murree Hills ” [= Pakistan: Punjab Province, Bhuban, 6000 ft., Murree Hills]; Lambert 2004: 556 (key); Gusenleitner 2013: 124, figs 9–10 (♀; Pakistan).</p><p>Diagnosis. Ƌ. Apex of clypeus deeply emarginated, semicircular, with punctures large and dense (Fig. 61); apical antennal article almost straight, its apex not reaching to base of eleventh article (Fig. 62); punctures on T3 bigger than that of T2; punctures on T4 and T5 fine and sparse; S5 and S6, sometimes on S4 also, with several long brownish yellow hairs especially at base; pronotal carina present only on lateral side and shoulder; posterior face of propodeum with two short transverse upper carina.</p><p>Colour. Body black, with apical antennal segments ferruginous. Yellow are: mandible; clypeus; ventral side of scape; triangular mark on front; bands on inner margin of lower lobe of eye up to bottom of ocular sinus; an oval mark on temple; large and regular band on dorsal face of pronotum; round spot on mesepisternum; wide band on scutellum, rarely interrupted at middle; band on metanotum, sometimes highly reduced to two spots on metanotal teeth or completely absent; spot on dorsal face of propodeum, rarely highly reduced or completely absent; tegula; parategula; small spot on fore coxa; large spots on mid and hind coxa; femur, except more or less extended black area at base; all tibiae and tarsi; bands, widened at middle and on sides, on T1, T2 and S2; basal lateral spots on T2; narrow band apical, sometimes interrupted at middle and slightly enlarged at sides, on T3; apical bands wider, restricted and more or less abbreviated to sides, on T4–T6; sometimes two spots at base of S2.</p><p>Size (H+M+T1+T2). 6–7 mm.</p><p>♀. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. INDIA: Himachal Pradesh, Solan, 1Ƌ, 14–17.vi.1979, Coll. V.K. Gupta &amp; Party, NZC No. 16371/H3 . Uttarakhand, Almora district, Ranikhet, 1Ƌ, 13.x.1978, Coll. V.K. Gupta &amp; Party, NZC No. 16372/ H3; Nainital district, Naukuchiatal, 1Ƌ, 5.x.2004, Coll. M. Ghosh &amp; Party, NZC No. 16373/H3 . West Bengal, Darjeeling district, Mirik, 1Ƌ, 24.vi.1979, Coll. P. Halder &amp; Party, NZC No. 16374/H3.</p><p>Distribution. India: * Himachal Pradesh, Jammu &amp; Kashmir, * Uttarakhand, West Bengal; Pakistan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5337E80AFFB51A13C3AFFCB0FAA611A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kumar, Girish P.;Carpenter, James M.;Sureshan, Pavittu M.	Kumar, Girish P., Carpenter, James M., Sureshan, Pavittu M. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Zootaxa 4150 (5): 501-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.1
5337E80AFFB51A1CC3AFF894FE09165C.text	5337E80AFFB51A1CC3AFF894FE09165C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona rufescens (Smith 1857)	<div><p>17. Antepipona rufescens (Smith, 1857)</p><p>(Figs 67–76)</p><p>Odynerus rufescens Smith 1857: 61, ♀, “Ceram” (BMNH); de Saussure 1862: 199 (in subgenus Odynerus division Epsilon; Celebes); Smith 1871: 376 (cat.); Dalla Torre 1894: 94 (cat.); 1904: 53 (in subgenus Hoplomerus; cat.).</p><p>Odynerus diffinis var. rufescens: Giordani Soika 1941: 263 (type? OUM; in subgenus Rhynchium).</p><p>Antepipona rufescens: Giordani Soika 1982: 205, 209 (key), 235, figs 37–39 (Celebes; Kangean; Ambon; Moluccas; Sumatra; Java; Burma; Malaysia); Giordani Soika 1986: 132 (China); Gusenleitner 1988: 180 (Thailand); Giordani Soika 1993: 154 (compared to A. shantungensis n. sp.); Madl 1995: 398 (Thailand); Lambert 2004: 557 (key); Gusenleitner 2011: 1360 (Laos); Nugroho et al. 2012: 80 (list).</p><p>Diagnosis. ♀ (Figs 67–71). S2 not abruptly lowered at base, sides slightly convex; mesopleuron closely punctate, interspaces carinate; posterior side of propodeum without carinae; apex of clypeus strongly emarginated, with apical teeth less acute (Fig. 69); metanotal teeth longer, more acute; body black with yellow and reddish brown markings (Fig. 67).</p><p>Colour. Body black with yellow and reddish brown markings. Yellow markings: mandible except basal black and apical reddish brown; clypeus; V–shaped mark on front, often joining with extensions of bands that run along inner orbit, exceeding little above ocular sinus; large mark on temple towards vertex; scape except dorsal brown mark at apex; large band on pronotum; spot on mesepisternum; scutellum; metanotum; tegula; parategula; an apical band, wide in middle and narrow and short on sides, on T1; T2 with two large yellow spots at base and an apical band wider at middle and at sides; S2 with similar apical band; apical bands on T3–T5 and S3–S5. Flagellar segments usually yellow to yellowish brown, sometime black dorsally. Legs yellow to yellowish brown with coxae brown to black. Reddish brown markings: propodeum; most of T1. In some specimens, reddish brown colour more extensive and mixed with yellow markings on mesosoma and metasoma.</p><p>Ƌ. Apical antennal article almost reaching up to middle of 10th article (Fig 73). Colour similar to that of ♀ except mandible almost entirely yellow except at teeth; interantennal space yellow; yellow mark on front broader.</p><p>Size (H+M+T1+T2). Female, 8–9 mm; Male, 6.5– 8 mm.</p><p>Material examined. INDIA: Kerala, Kozhikode district, Nanminda, 1♀, 21.xii.2010, Coll. P. Girish Kumar, NZC No. 16293/H3 . Meghalaya, East Garo Hills district, Dainadubi, 1♀, 8–13.v.1979, Coll. S.B. Roy &amp; Party, NZC No. 16294/H3 ; East Garo Hills district, Darugiri, 4Ƌ, 14–20.v.1979, Coll. S.B. Roy &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16295/H3–16298/H3 . Sikkim, exact collection locality unknown, 3♀, 2Ƌ, vii–ix.1897, Coll. Dudgeon, NZC Nos. 16299/H3–16303/H3 . Tripura, Gomati district, Udaipur, 1Ƌ, 14.v.1978, Coll. A. Issar, NZC No. 16304/H3 ; Khowai district, Teliamura, 2Ƌ, 20.v.1978, Coll. J.K. Jonathan &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16305/H3, 16306/H3 ; Dhalai district, Ambassa, 1♀, 1Ƌ, 25.v.1978, Coll. J.K. Jonathan &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16307/H3, 16308/H3 ; North Tripura district, Ananda Bazar, 1Ƌ, 26.v.1992, Coll. M. Sil &amp; Party, NZC No. 16309/H3.</p><p>Distribution. * India: Kerala, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tripura; China; Thailand; Myanmar; Laos; Malaysia; Indonesia: Java (including Kangean), Sumatra, Sulawesi, Moluccas.</p><p>Remarks. Giordani Soika, 1982, suggested that many previous workers misidentified this species as A. guttata diffinis (de Saussure) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5337E80AFFB51A1CC3AFF894FE09165C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kumar, Girish P.;Carpenter, James M.;Sureshan, Pavittu M.	Kumar, Girish P., Carpenter, James M., Sureshan, Pavittu M. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Zootaxa 4150 (5): 501-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.1
5337E80AFFBA1A1CC3AFFED5FDBE1330.text	5337E80AFFBA1A1CC3AFFED5FDBE1330.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona sasidharani Lambert & Narendran 2002	<div><p>18. Antepipona sasidharani Lambert &amp; Narendran, 2002</p><p>(Figs 77–82)</p><p>Antepipona sasidharani Lambert &amp; Narendran 2002: 1, figs 1–5, ♀, holotype, “ INDIA, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore ” (ZSIC), examined; Lambert 2004: 556 (key).</p><p>Diagnosis. Holotype ♀. Clypeus little wider than long (Fig. 79); apical margin of clypeus slightly emarginated, almost straight; front, temples and vertex with deep close punctures (Fig. 78); mesosoma stout, with distinct close punctures (Fig. 81); anterior carina of pronotum present only on lateral sides up to shoulder; median area of anterior face of pronotum smooth, with weak transverse groove (Fig. 80); metanotum with two distinct teeth directed upwards; propodeum with two short horizontal carina at posterior side (Fig. 82); S2 not bulging at base.</p><p>Colour. Reddish brown with yellow marking as follows: base of mandible; clypeus; lower half of front; temple; ventral side of scape; major part of pronotum; large area of mesopleuron; scutellum; metanotum; two large patches on sides of propodeum; band on posterior margin of T1; two large basal spots on sides of T2; sinuate band on posterior margins of T2–T4; T5 with an apical mark medially; T6 with broad median mark; small mark on fore and mid coxa; fore and mid femora and tibia completely; apex of hind femur; hind tibia entirely; tegula except at middle brown. Wings hyaline with brown infuscation at apical half of marginal cell.</p><p>Ƌ. Unknown.</p><p>Size (H+M+T1+T2). 5 mm.</p><p>Material Examined. Holotype ♀: INDIA: Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, 4.viii.1997, Coll. Sasidharan, Regd. No. ZSIC –1.0104; INV. 1923.</p><p>Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5337E80AFFBA1A1CC3AFFED5FDBE1330	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kumar, Girish P.;Carpenter, James M.;Sureshan, Pavittu M.	Kumar, Girish P., Carpenter, James M., Sureshan, Pavittu M. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Zootaxa 4150 (5): 501-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.1
5337E80AFFBA1A18C3AFFB61FDD016C8.text	5337E80AFFBA1A18C3AFFB61FDD016C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona sibilans (Cameron 1903)	<div><p>19. Antepipona sibilans (Cameron, 1903)</p><p>(Figs 83–92)</p><p>Odynerus sibilans Cameron 1903: 129, Ƌ, "Barrackpore" (OUM); Rothney 1903: 107 (Barrackpore, rare).</p><p>Odontodynerus deflendiformis Giordani Soika 1961: 377, Ƌ, fig 2, “Belucistan: Deesa” [recte: India: Gujarat] (BMNH); Giordani Soika 1982: 225 (syn. of A. sibilans).</p><p>Antepipona deflendiformis: Giordani Soika 1970: 120 (♀; Pakistan; India); van der Vecht &amp; Fischer 1972: 73 (cat.).</p><p>Antepipona sibilans Giordani Soika 1982: 206, 207 (key), 225, figs 23–28 (syn.: A. deflendiformis; India); Gusenleitner 1987: 265 (Nepal); Lambert 2004: 555 (key); Gusenleitner 2006a: 690 (India: Karnataka); 2006b: 1302 (Pakistan); Kumar &amp; Sharma 2014: 234 (list), 239 (India: Rajasthan), fig 7.</p><p>Diagnosis. ♀ (Figs 83–89). Clypeus wider than long, without longitudinal carinae (Fig. 85); metanotal teeth close to metanotal margin; distance between metanotal teeth twice as much distance between each tooth and lateral metanotal margin; head and mesosoma densely punctate (Figs 84, 87); pronotum with horizontal series of punctures on middle third of anterior face, close to each other and separated by thin carina (Fig. 86).</p><p>Colour. Body black with yellow markings. Apex of mandible and lower face of funicular segments ferruginous. Tarsal segments yellow to yellowish brown. Yellow markings: basal half of mandible except basal black spot; clypeus except black spot at middle, size of it highly variable, rarely absent; scape except black line on upper surface toward apex; front, except interantennal space and two black spots, which start from antennal toruli and directed obliquely upward; median mark on front either fused with or isolated from lateral mark; large stain on temple; broad band on dorsal surface of pronotum; almost all of upper mesepisternum; scutellum except posterior margin; metanotum; two wide longitudinal bands on propodeum, occupying entire dorsal faces; tegula except brown spot medially; parategula; front face of all coxae (highly variable); fore and mid femora; hind femur posteriorly; all tibiae; T1 with large apical band, wider at middle, together with two large lateral spots; T2 with two large lateral spots at base, and an apical band, which greatly enlarged at middle and on sides, basal spot connected to apical band by narrow lateral line; T3 with narrow band, but strongly enlarged at sides; band almost regular on T4; stain at middle of apical margin of T5; round spot on T6; large apical band, strongly enlarged at middle on S2– S4, wider on S2 and narrower on next two, band on S4 rarely highly reduced. Wings moderately browned, more heavily along apical half of marginal cell.</p><p>Ƌ (Figs 90–92). Apical emargination of clypeus moderately deep (Fig. 91); apical antennal article hooked, its apex reaching middle of tenth article (Fig. 92). Colour similar to that of ♀ except clypeus entirely yellow; T5, T6 &amp; S5 with sinuous to almost regular apical band; mandible almost yellow except at apex brown.</p><p>Size (H+M+T1+T2). ♀, 6–6.5 mm; Ƌ, 5.5– 6 mm.</p><p>Material examined. INDIA: Andhra Pradesh, West Godavari district, Munduru, 1♀, 2Ƌ, 24.ii.2013, Coll. S. Sheela &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16033/H3–16035/H3 ; East Godavari district, Rajanagaram, 2♀, 26.ii.2013, Coll. S. Sheela &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16036/H3, 16037/H3 ; Guntur district, Thimmapuram, 1Ƌ, 1.iii.2013, Coll. S. Sheela &amp; Party, NZC No. 16038/H3 ; Anantapur district, Bathalapalli, 1Ƌ, 21.iii.2013, Coll. S. Prabakaran &amp; Party, NZC No. 16732/H3 ; Krishna district, Mylavaram, 1Ƌ, 20.v.2012, Coll. R. Venkiteshan &amp; Party, NZC No. 16730/H3 ; Krishna district, Vuyyuru, 1Ƌ, 25.v.2012, Coll. R. Venkiteshan &amp; Party, NZC No. 16731/H3 . Chhattisgarh, Surguja district, Jhilmili village, 1Ƌ, 6.iv.1990, Coll. H.S. Sharma &amp; Party, NZC No. 15294/H3 ; Raipur district, Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary, Pakchi Vihar, 1Ƌ, 2.iv.2012, Coll. S.K. Gupta &amp; Party, NZC No. 15295/H3 ; Raipur district, Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary, Furfundi, 1♀, 2.v.2012, Coll. S.K. Gupta &amp; Party, NZC No. 15296/H3 ; Jashpur district, Badalkhol, 1♀, 2Ƌ, 27.v.2012, Coll. A. Raha &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 15297/H3–15299/H3 ; Korba district, Kudmura, 2♀, 30.v.2012, Coll. A. Raha &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 15300/H3, 15301/H3 ; Kawardha district, Khara, 1Ƌ, 8.vi.2012, Coll. A. Raha &amp; Party, NZC No. 15302/H3 ; Kawardha district, Khara, 1Ƌ, 8.vi.2012, Coll. A. Raha &amp; Party, NZC No. 15302/H3 ; Bilaspur district, Chhaparwa, 1♀, 11.vi.2012, Coll. A. Raha &amp; Party, NZC No. 15303/H3 ; Bilaspur district, Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary, Sihawal Sagar, 1Ƌ, 13.vi.2012, Coll. A. Raha &amp; Party, NZC No. 16450/H3 . Gujarat, Junagadh district, Junagadh Circuit House Campus, 1Ƌ, 15.vii.2014, Coll. Gaurav Sharma &amp; Party, NZC No. 16039/H3 . Himachal Pradesh, Sirmaur district, Nahan, 1Ƌ, 11.v.2012, Coll. B. Biswas &amp; Party, NZC No. 16040/H3 ; Hamirpur district, Nain, 1♀, 4.vii.2012, Coll. D. Banerjee &amp; Party, NZC No. 16041/H3 . Jharkhand, Bokaro district, Bandhudih, 1♀, 5.viii.2009, Coll. A.K. Roy Mahato, NZC No. 16042/H3 ; Deoghar district, Paltro river side, 1Ƌ, 15.xi.2009, Coll. R. Babu &amp; Party, NZC No. 16043/ H3 . Karnataka, Bengaluru, 3♀, Date of collection unknown, Coll. J. Cameron, NZC Nos. 16044/H3–16046/H3; Dharwad district, Gopankoppa, 1Ƌ, 18.i.1982, Coll. S.K. Ghosh &amp; Party, NZC No. 16047/H3; Bengaluru, 1Ƌ, 27.i.1982, Coll. S.K. Ghosh &amp; Party, NZC No. 16048/H3 . Kerala, Idukki district, Periyar Tiger Reserve, Kokkarakandam, 1♀, 1Ƌ, 12.ii.1981, Coll. K. Mathew &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16049/H3, 16050/H3 . Maharashtra, Satara district, Medha, 1Ƌ, 17–23.iv.1912, Coll. F.H. Gravely, NZC No. 16051/H3 ; Satara district, Patan, 1Ƌ, 3.v.1913, Coll. S.P.A., NZC No. 16052/H3 ; Pune district, Paud, 1Ƌ, 6.iv.1965, Coll. B.S. Lamba, NZC No. 16053/ H3 ; Nasik district, Kalwan, 1♀, 24.xii.2005, Coll. R. Babu &amp; Party, NZC No. 16054/H3 ; Ratnagiri district, Kapsal, 1Ƌ, 1♀, 17.iii.2009, Coll. S.I. Kazmi &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16055/H3, 16056/H3 ; Pune district, Lonavla, 1♀, 25.iii.2011, Coll. B. Chakraborty &amp; Party, NZC No. 16057/H3 . Odisha, Bhadrak district, Mirzapur, 1♀, 20.vi.2010, Coll. A. Murmu &amp; Party, NZC No. 16058/H3 ; Bhadrak district, Bhatapada, 1Ƌ, 19.vi.2010, Coll. A. Murmu &amp; Party, NZC No. 16059/H3 ; Khordha district, Mukteswar, 1♀, 26.vi.2015, Coll. P. Girish Kumar, NZC No. 17555/ H3 . Rajasthan, Sirohi dist., Mount Abu, 1Ƌ, 10–11.vii.2014, Coll. Gaurav Sharma &amp; Party, NZC No. 15031/H3 . Tamil Nadu, Cherangode, Nilgiri Hills, 3500’, 1♀, v.1950, Coll. P.S. Nathan (AMNH) ; Krishnagiri district, Singarapettai, 1Ƌ, 26.vi.2008, Coll. R. Aengals &amp; Party, NZC No. 16733/H3. Telangana, Khammam district, Pinapaka, 1♀, 7.iv.2014, Coll. R. Aengals &amp; Party, NZC No. 16734/H3 . Tripura, North Tripura district, Dharmanagar, 2Ƌ, 1.v.1978, Coll. J.K. Jonathan &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16060/H3 &amp; 16061/H3 ; Khowai district, Teliamura, 1♀, 1Ƌ, 18–20.v.1978, Coll. J.K. Jonathan &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16062/H3 &amp; 16063/H3 ; West Tripura district, Baramura, 1Ƌ, 22.v.1978, Coll. J.K. Jonathan &amp; Party, NZC No. 16064/H3 ; Dhalai district, Ambassa, 1♀, 7Ƌ, 25.v.1978, Coll. J.K. Jonathan &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16065/H3–16072/H3 ; Unakoti district, Kailashahar, 8♀, 6Ƌ, 28–30.v.1978, Coll. A. Issar, NZC Nos. 16073/H3–16086/H3 ; North Tripura district, Dharmanagar, 3♀, 1.vi.1978, Coll. J.K. Jonathan &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16087/H3–16089/H3 ; West Tripura district, Uttat Pulinpur, 1♀, 10.v.1992, Coll. B. Mitra &amp; Party, NZC No. 16090/H3 ; Unakoti district, Kumarghat, 1♀, 17.v.1992, Coll. B. Mitra &amp; Party, NZC No. 16451/H3 . Uttarakhand, Pithoragarh district, Ganai Gangoli, 1♀, 28.ix.2003, Coll. B. Mitra &amp; Party, NZC No. 16091/H3 ; Udham Singh Nagar district, Rudrapur, 1♀, 10.xii.2003, Coll. B.G. Kundu &amp; Party, NZC No. 16092/H3 . Uttar Pradesh, Faizabad district, Bachra Sultanpur village, 1♀, 30.iv.1947, Coll. H.A. Hafiz, NZC No. 16093/H3 ; Meerut district, Naveen Mandi, 1Ƌ, 20.v.1989, Coll. M.S. Shishodia &amp; Party, NZC No. 16094/H3 ; Baghpat district, Baghpat, 1♀, 23.v.1989, Coll. M.S. Shishodia &amp; Party, NZC No. 16095/H3 ; Hapur district, Hapur, 3Ƌ, 27.v.1989, Coll. M.S. Shishodia &amp; Party, NZC No. 16096/H3–16098/H3 ; Gautam Budha Nagar district, Tilapta Karanwas, 1Ƌ, 30.v.1989, Coll. M.S. Shishodia &amp; Party, NZC No. 16099/H3 ; Gautam Budha Nagar district, Salarpur Kalan, 2♀, 6.vi.1989, Coll. M.S. Shishodia &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16100/H3, 16101/ H3 ; Ghaziabad district, Dhaulana, 2Ƌ, 11.vi.1989, Coll. M.S. Shishodia &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16102/H3, 16103/H3 ; Jaunpur district, Muftiganj, 1♀, 24.vi.1989, Coll. A.K. Sanyal &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16104/H3 ; Azamgarh district, Bahadurpur, 1♀, 22.iv.1990, Coll. T.R. Mitra &amp; Party, NZC No. 16105/H3 ; Ghazipur district, Ghazipur, 1♀, 8.xi.2000, Coll. M. Prasad &amp; Party, NZC No. 16106/H3 ; Agra district, Agra, 1♀, 6.xi.2007, Coll. S. Sheela &amp; Party, NZC No. 16107/H3 ; Auraiya district, Dhirajpur, 1♀, 9.xi.2007, Coll. S.I. Kazmi &amp; Party, NZC No. 16108/ H3 ; Ghaziabad district, Chaprola, 1♀, 16.xi.2007, Coll. S.I. Kazmi &amp; Party, NZC No. 16109/H3 ; Moradabad district, Bilari So, 1Ƌ, 7.xi.2009, Coll. O.P. Srivastava &amp; Party, NZC No. 16110/H3 ; Bulandshahar district, Narora, 1♀, 28.v.1989, Coll. M.S. Shishodia &amp; Party, NZC No. 16452/H3 ; Agra district, Agra, 1♀, 6.xi.2007, Coll. S. Sheela &amp; Party, NZC No. 16453/H3 . West Bengal, Kolkata, 1Ƌ, 25.v.1909, Coll. Unknown, NZC No. 16111/H3 ; Bankura district, Jhilmili forest, 1Ƌ, 19.x.1989, Coll. D.K. Mandal &amp; Party, NZC No. 16112/H3.</p><p>Distribution. India: * Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, * Himachal Pradesh, * Jharkhand, Karnataka, * Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Pondicherry, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, *Telangana, * Tripura, * Uttarakhand, * Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal; Nepal; Pakistan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5337E80AFFBA1A18C3AFFB61FDD016C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kumar, Girish P.;Carpenter, James M.;Sureshan, Pavittu M.	Kumar, Girish P., Carpenter, James M., Sureshan, Pavittu M. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Zootaxa 4150 (5): 501-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.1
5337E80AFFBE1A18C3AFFE79FA82113C.text	5337E80AFFBE1A18C3AFFE79FA82113C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona tytides (Cameron 1904)	<div><p>20. Antepipona tytides (Cameron, 1904)</p><p>(Figs 93–96)</p><p>Odynerus tytides Cameron 1904: 309, Ƌ, ♀, “ Darjeeling, India ” (BMNH); Giordani Soika 1941: 264 (in subgenus Rhynchium, Burma).</p><p>Antepipona tytides: Giordani Soika 1975: 390, figs 3, 5 (compared to A. bhutanensis n. sp.); Giordani Soika, 1982: 205, 208 (key), 250 (Nepal; India; Burma); 1986: 129 (China); Lambert 2004: 555 (key); Gusenleitner 2011: 1360 (tydides [!]; Laos).</p><p>Diagnosis. ♀. Posterior side of propodeum dull, with visible and numerous striae, with some punctures in between striae; metanotal teeth closer to lateral margins; base of S2 bulging; anterior face of pronotum smooth at middle with faint transverse impression, sides with dense punctures (Fig. 95); apical emargination of clypeus almost semicircular, apical teeth sharp (Fig. 94); temple well developed, about as long as upper lobes of eyes in dorsal view; transverse carina on pronotum present only at sides and on shoulders; metanotal teeth strong, far from each other than metanotal sides; S2 bulging at base, forming well distinguishable anterior face, separated from ventral face by fold; punctures on clypeus dense, thick and somewhat elongated longitudinally forming striations; head and mesosoma with punctures small, dense, interspaces carinate (Figs 94, 96); black species with red spots (Fig. 93).</p><p>Colour. Body black with dark red markings. Dark red: medially interrupted band at base of clypeus; ventral side of scape; spot above interantennal space; narrow line along inner orbits of lower lobes of eyes up to ocular sinus; an elongated mark on temple towards vertex; band on pronotum; spot on mesopleuron; band on scutellum sometimes divided into two spots; tegula; parategula; apex of all femora; all tibia and tarsi almost entirely; an apical band, wider at middle and abruptly enlarged on sides, on T1; almost regular apical band on T2 and S2; sometimes traces of spot present on either sides of T2 basally; narrow apical bands on T3–T5 and S3–S5, sometimes absent; T6 almost entirely, sometimes completely absent; spot on S6, sometimes absent. Wings strongly infumated.</p><p>Ƌ. Clypeus wider than long, wide and deeply emarginated at apex; apical antennal article small, weakly curved, its apex reaching half of eleventh article. Colour as in ♀, but T3, T4, T7 and S3–S7 entirely black.</p><p>Size (H+M+T1+T2). ♀, 9–10 mm; Ƌ, 9–9.5 mm.</p><p>Material examined. INDIA: Manipur, Ukhrul district, Litan, 1♀, 12.xii.1992, Coll. A.R. Lahiri &amp; Party, NZC No. 16230/H3 . Meghalaya, East Khasi Hills district, Shillong, 1♀, date of collection unknown, Coll. LaTouche, NZC No. 16231/H3 ; East Garo Hills district, Rongra, 2♀, 24.ix.1975, Coll. N. Muraleedharan &amp; Party, NZC Nos. 16232/H3, 16233/H3 ; East Khasi Hills district, Shillong, 1♀, 22.iii.1991, Coll. A.K. Sanyal &amp; Party, NZC No. 16234/H3.</p><p>Distribution. India: Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, West Bengal; Nepal; China; Myanmar; Laos.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5337E80AFFBE1A18C3AFFE79FA82113C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kumar, Girish P.;Carpenter, James M.;Sureshan, Pavittu M.	Kumar, Girish P., Carpenter, James M., Sureshan, Pavittu M. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Zootaxa 4150 (5): 501-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.1
