identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D3FD52B5BEF357C1897A25871320DDEC.text	D3FD52B5BEF357C1897A25871320DDEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protium aguilarii D. Santam 2017	<div><p>Protium aguilarii D.Santam sp. nov. Figs 1, 2, 3</p> <p>Diagnosis.</p> <p>Protium aguilarii most closely resembles Protium costaricense (Rose) Engl. and Protium pilosissimum Engl., for their leaves with petiole, rachis, and leaflets that are hispidulous on the abaxial side and leaflets of comparable in size and coloration in herbarium material, but differs from both for its glabrous pistil and fruits (vs. pubescent).</p> <p>Type.</p> <p>COSTA RICA. Puntarenas: Reserva Forestal Golfo Dulce, Osa Peninsula, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.566666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.566666/lat 8.55)">Rancho Quemado</a>, ca. 15 km W of Rincón, on forested slopes at NW end of valley, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.566666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.566666/lat 8.55)">Fila Ganado</a>, 08°33'N, 083°34'W, 300-400 m, 29 May 1988 (fr), B. Hammel, G. Herrera, M. M. Chavarría &amp; Á. Solís 16885 (holotype: MO-6664125!; isotypes: CR-51404! [ex- INB], NY-01189275, digital image!).</p> <p>Tree, 8-15 m tall × 6-18 cm DBH, lacking stilt roots; external bark white (D. Santamaría et al. 9851). Resin transparent when fresh, a little sticky, aromatic. Twigs 2-4 mm diam, appressed-pubescent with simple or malpighiaceous, pale brown tri chomes 0.05-0.6 mm long, sparsely lenticellate, solid, never stained white. Leaves 2-4-jugate, (12.5-) 19.5-33.8 cm long; petiole (2.3-) 3.3-6.3 cm long, 0.2 cm diam, semi-terete, smooth or slightly striate; rachis (2.6-) 3.5-11.8 cm long, terete, smooth or slightly striate; petiole and rachis hispidulous with simple, pale brown trichomes 0.1-0.5 mm long; lateral petiolules 0.3-1.7 cm long, with pulvinuli evident on both ends, smooth or slightly striate on both sides, rounded, hispidulous with yellowish brown trichomes; terminal petiolule 1.9-4.1 cm long, pulvinulus conspicuous; basal pair of leaflets 5.2-10 × 2-4.3 cm, elliptic to ovate, obtuse at the base; other lateral leaflets 6.7-13.2 × 2.6-5 cm, elliptic to ovate, obtuse to subcuneate at the base (with one side sometimes asymmetric); the terminal leaflet 7.3-14.2 × 2.7-5.8 cm, ovate, elliptic, base obtuse to subcuneate and symmetrical; apex acuminate, the acumen 0.7-1 cm long; margin entire; leaflets drying dark brown or olivaceous above and pale brown or olivaceous below; secondary venation brochidodromous, secondaries in 7-10 pairs of secondary veins, ascending, weakly arcuate, the spacing irregular, perpendicular intersecondaries sometimes present, intercostal tertiaries alternate or mixed percurrent tertiary; on abaxial side the midrib prominent, dense hispidulous, with trichomes 0.06-0.55 mm long, yellowish brown, the secondary veins prominent, with trichomes similar to the midrib, the higher-order veins prominulous, with scattered trichomes, the rest of the surface with scattered trichomes, not papillae; on adaxial side the midrib lightly prominent to flat, hispidulous, secondary veins flat, scattered hispidulous to almost glabrous, the higher-order veins flat almost glabrous, the rest of surface nearly glabrous. Inflorescences fasciculate, axillary (sometimes at leafless nodes), staminate inflorescences unknown, pistillate inflorescences ca. 0.6 cm long (0.9-1.2 cm in fruits), much shorter than the petiole, branching at the base, not flexuous, all axes densely pubescent with simple, yellowish brown or whitish trichomes; bracts subtending the inflorescences ca. 1.3 mm long, lanceolate, acuminate to obtuse at the apex, densely pubescent abaxially; those on primary axes ca. 0.6 mm long, broadly ovate, obtuse at the apex, densely pubescent abaxially; bracteoles subtending flowers ca. 0.8 mm long, triangular, acuminate at the apex, pubescent abaxially. Flowers 4-merous, the pedicel ca. 2.2 mm long (ca. 3 mm in fruit), sparsely pubescent with trichomes ca. 0.2 mm long. Staminate flowers unknown. Pistillate flowers with calyx 1-1.16 × 2.3 mm, sparsely pubescent on abaxial side with trichomes ca. 0.1 mm long, the lobes ca. 0.4 mm long, rounded to depressed-deltate, much taller than the disk, often persistent in fruit; petals white, ca. 2.6 × 0.9 mm, distinct, suberect at anthesis, lanceolate, sparsely appressed-pubescent on abaxial side with yellowish brown to whitish trichomes ca. 0.1 mm long, glabrous but papillose on the adaxial side, papillose and involute marginally, inflexed-apiculate at the apex (the apiculum ca. 0.2 mm long); disk ca. 0.4 tall × 0.2 mm thick, glabrous; staminodes 8, 1.66-1.8 mm long, the antepetalous almost equaling than antesepalous, the filaments ca. 0.9 mm long, flat, the anthers ca. 0.6 mm long, lanceolate, subcordate at the base; pistil ca. 1.5 × 1 mm (at the base), ovoid, glabrous, the style ca. 0.8 mm long, stigma lobes 4, globose, densely papillose. Fruits 1.6-1.8 × 1.2-1.4 cm, subglobose to slightly obliquely ovoid, green (possibly immature), obtuse at the base, acuminate at the apex, sometimes weakly curved, smooth and glabrous, stipitate (the stipe ca. 0.2 cm long); pseudoaril present, color unknown; pyrenes, 1 or 2 usually developing, 1.1-1.4 × ca. 1.2 cm, smooth, broadly ovate, obtuse at the base, acuminate at the apex, bony, the wall ca. 0.75 mm thick, yellowish; funicular scar ca. 0.7 cm long, usually not very deep, without a rib in the middle.</p> <p>Habitat and distribution.</p> <p>Protium aguilarii is endemic to Costa Rica, where it is restricted to the Osa Peninsula, on the southern Pacific coast in Puntarenas Province. It occurs in primary forest, at 150-400 m elevation. In Aguabuena, Rincón de Osa, this species occurs in well-drained forest on undulating terrain, with many palms and large lianas; here, it co-occurs with Brosimum utile (Kunth) Oken (Moraceae), Carapa Aubl. (Meliaceae), and Symphonia L. f. (Clusiaceae) (see, for example, K. Thomsen 226). In Rancho Quemado, Protium aguilarii is a small, infrequent tree on mountain ridges, where it is sympatric with tree species that are not very common in the area, or even the country as a whole, including Faramea permagnifolia Dwyer ex C. M. Taylor (Rubiaceae), Hirtella papillata Prance and Licania corniculata Prance (Chrysobalanaceae), Oecopetalum greenmanii Standl. &amp; Steyerm. (Metteniusaceae), and Ruptiliocarpon caracolito Hammel &amp; N. Zamora (Lepidobotryaceae).</p> <p>Phenology.</p> <p>Protium aguilarii is known from only six fertile collections (one of these with flowers in bud). Pistillate flowers have been collected in April, and fruits in February, May, June, and December.</p> <p>Common name.</p> <p>Copalillo (Spanish; Costa Rica, K. Thomsen 683).</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The epithet of this new species honors Reinaldo Aguilar Fernández for his important contributions to botany and his dedicated study and devoted collection of the plants of the Osa Peninsula for more than 25 years. He has become the world’s expert in the flora of this remarkably species-rich and beautiful corner of the world. This species is further dedicated to him in appreciation of his support and intellectual stimulation.</p> <p>Discussion.</p> <p>Protium aguilarii can be recognized by the combination of leaves with 5-9 leaflets with hispidulous pubescence on the petiole, rachis, petiolules, abaxial side of the leaflets, and inflorescence axes; leaflets with a distinct marginal vein that is visible on the abaxial side; short inflorescences and infructescences; flowers that are 4-merous, with the petals appressed-pubescent on the abaxial side and glabrous on the adaxial side; and glabrous pistils. The new species resembles, and has been confused with, Protium costaricense, which, as treated here, is known only from the Caribbean slope of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. Both species share hispidulous pubescence on the leaflets and inflorescences, but Protium aguilarii has a glabrous pistil (vs. densely pubescent in Protium costaricense), short inflorescence (ca. 0.6 vs. 1.6-6.5 cm long), petals that are glabrous on the abaxial side (vs. sparsely pubescent), and secondary venation brochidodromous (vs. eucamptodromous). Protium aguilarii also has usually shorter (non-basal) leaflets than Protium costaricense (6.7-13.2 vs. 10.5-17.5 cm), and glabrous fruits (vs. minutely pubescent with scattered trichomes), with a stipitate base, the stipe ca. 0.2 cm long (vs. sessile or with stipitate ca. 0.1 cm long). Additionally, Protium aguilarii differs from Protium costaricense by its smooth (vs. rugose) pyrene. In Costa Rica, others species with glabrous pistils or pistillodes are Protium aracouchini Marchand, Protium hammelii (described here), Protium panamense (Rose) I. M. Johnst., and Protium ravenii D. M. Porter. Unlike Protium aguilarii, these species have nearly glabrous leaves and other vegetative parts. Protium aguilarii also shares some similarities with the South American Protium pilosissimum including short inflorescences and pubescent leaflets but it differs by its pubescent pistil or pistillode and fruit (vs. glabrous in Protium aguilarii).</p> <p>Additional material examined.</p> <p>Costa Rica. Puntarenas: Osa, Bahía Chal, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.716666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.51667/lat 8.716666)">La Parcela</a>, 08°43'50"N, 083°27'17"W, 150 m, 25 Jul 1996 (fl bud), R. Aguilar 4593 (CR-2 sheets, F); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.716666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.51667/lat 8.716666)">Bahia Chal</a> , La Parcela, 08°43'50"N, 083°27'17"W, 150 m, 12 Dec 1996 (fr), R. Aguilar 4746 (CR); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.716666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.51667/lat 8.716666)">Rancho Quemado</a>, camino a <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.716666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.51667/lat 8.716666)">Drake</a>, parte mas elevada del camino, 200 m al Este de la torre del ICE, en una trocha que lleva al <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.716666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.51667/lat 8.716666)">Tierra de Conservacion de Rancho Quemado</a> , 08°41'33"N, 083°35'35"W, 350 m, 04 Apr 2008 (♀ fl), R. Aguilar &amp; X. Cornejo 11115 (MO, NY-digital image, USJ); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.716666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.51667/lat 8.716666)">Rancho Quemado</a>, siguiendo a fila Ganado, 08°43'30"N, 083°35'30"W, 200-450 m, 26 Nov 1991 (st), J. Marín &amp; G. Herrera 306 (CR-2 sheets); Sierpe, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.716666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.51667/lat 8.716666)">Peninsula de Osa</a> , subiendo hacia el Cerro Chocuaco, desde el <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.716666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.51667/lat 8.716666)">Bajo de San Juan</a>, 400 m, 12 Jan 1991 (st), C.O. Morales 262 (USJ); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.716666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.51667/lat 8.716666)">Distrito de Sierpe</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.716666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.51667/lat 8.716666)">Peninsula de Osa</a> , entre Rancho Quemado y Drake, trocha al sur, sobre la fila, antes de llegar a la torre, 08°41'30"N, 083°35'28"W, 375 m, 21 Mar 2016 (st), D. Santamaría et al. 9851 (CR); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.716666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.51667/lat 8.716666)">Peninsula de Osa</a> , Aguabuena, 3.5 km W of Rincón, 1 km N of BOSCOSA station, 08°43'N, 083°31'W, 350 m, 09 Jan 1993 (fr), K. Thomsen 226 (CR, NY-digital image, USJ); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.716666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.51667/lat 8.716666)">Peninsula de Osa</a> , Aguabuena, 3.5 km W of Rincón, 1 km N of BOSCOSA station, 08°43'N, 083°31'W, 350 m, 13 Nov 1992 (st), K. Thomsen 683 (CR); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.716666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.51667/lat 8.716666)">Peninsula de Osa</a> , Aguabuena, 3.5 km W of Rincón, 1 km N of BOSCOSA station, 08°43'N, 083°31'W, 350 m, 30 May 1993 (st), K. Thomsen 707 (CR); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.716666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.51667/lat 8.716666)">Peninsula de Osa</a> , Aguabuena, 3.5 km W of Rincón, 1 km N of BOSCOSA station, 08°43'N, 083°31'W, 350 m, 18 Jun 1993 (fr), K. Thomsen 807 (CR, NY-digital image).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D3FD52B5BEF357C1897A25871320DDEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel;Lagomarsino, Laura P.	Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel, Lagomarsino, Laura P. (2017): Two new species and a new combination in Protium (Burseraceae) from Costa Rica. PhytoKeys 76: 89-113, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.76.10298, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.76.10298
E5110F08D39056B6B95A1F151D716B6C.text	E5110F08D39056B6B95A1F151D716B6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protium hammelii D. Santam 2017	<div><p>Protium hammelii D.Santam sp. nov. Figs 3, 4, 5, 7A</p> <p>Diagnosis.</p> <p>Protium hammelii is similar to Protium multiramiflorum Lundell and Protium panamense for their nearly glabrous leaves, petals, and usually pistil or pistillode (always glabrous in Protium panamense; sometimes glabrous in Protium multiramiflorum). However, the new species it is distinguished from Protium multiramiflorum by the short calyx in both sexes (0.7-1.3 vs. 1.4-2 mm long), pyrenes with thick walls (0.6-1.1 vs. 0.3-0.5 [-0.6] mm thick), and a short and shallow scar (0.3-0.45 [-0.5] vs. 0.4-0.7 cm long). It is distinguished from Protium panamense by its smaller lateral (11-22.2 × 3.3-6.4 vs. 16-32.5 × 6.7-10.3 cm) and terminal (11.2-17.7 × 3.9-8.5 vs. 15-28.3 × 7-13.6 cm) leaflets and shorter petiolules.</p> <p>Type.</p> <p>COSTA RICA. Limón: Parque Nacional Tortuguero, 5 km N de La Aurora, Guápiles, límite sur del <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.51667/lat 10.366667)">Parque</a>, junto <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.51667/lat 10.366667)">rio Sierpe</a> , 10°22'00"N, 083°31'00"W, 30 m, 11 Apr 1990 (♂ fl), J. Solano 77 (holotype: CR-152860!; isotypes: CR-51496! [ex- INB], F-2 sheets 2081330!, 2127441!, MO-6664125!, NY-01189417, digital image!).</p> <p>Tree, 4-30 tall × 9-40 cm DBH, sometimes with stilt roots; external bark grayish. Resin transparent when fresh, aromatic. Twigs 2-5 mm diam, appressed-pubescent with simple or malpighiaceous, whitish yellow trichomes 0.1-0.5 mm long, to glabrescent, sparsely lenticellate, solid, never white-stained with resin that crystallizes on the stem (except weakly in W.D. Stevens 31653; also on the fruits). Leaves (2-) 4-6 jugate, 21.5-43.5 cm long; petiole (2.7-) 4.7-7.4 (-8.2) cm long, 0.1-0.3 cm diam, semi-terete except weakly sulcate at the base, striate; rachis 4-8.2 (-9) cm long or absent, terete, striate on both sides; petiole and rachis nearly glabrous or sparsely pubescent with simple and malpighiaceous, usually whitish yellow trichomes 0.1-0.3 mm long; lateral petiolules 0.7-2.1 cm long, with pulvinuli evident on both ends, striate, canaliculate adaxially, glabrous or minutely pubescent with whitish yellow trichomes; terminal petiolule 1.8-4.3 (-5.5) cm long, pulvinulus conspicuous; basal pair of leaflets 10.1-19 × 3.7-6.7 cm, ovate or lanceolate, obtuse to subcuneate at the base (sometimes asymmetric); other lateral leaflets 11-22.2 × 3.3-6.4 cm, lanceolate, oblong, ovate or elliptic, obtuse to subcuneate at the base; the terminal 11.2-17.7 × 3.9-8.5 cm, broadly elliptic to obovate, lanceolate, obtuse or subcuneate at the base (usually with both sides equal); apex acuminate, the acumen 0.7-1.3 cm long; margin entire or much more commonly sparsely denticulate; leaflets drying more or less pale brown, olivaceous to amber on both sides; secondary venation eucamptodromous or slightly brochidodromous, secondaries in 12-17 pairs of secondary veins, ascending, weakly arcuate, sometimes discolored on abaxial side, ascending, the spacing irregular, perpendicular intersecondary veins often 1 per pair of successive secondary veins or absent, intercostal tertiaries alternate or mixed percurrent tertiary; on abaxial side the midrib prominent, glabrous or minutely pubescent, with trichomes ca. 0.03-0.6 mm long, whitish yellow or reddish, secondary veins prominent, with trichomes similar to the midrib or glabrous, the higher-order veins prominulous with scattered trichomes or glabrous, the rest of surface almost glabrous to glabrous, not papillate; on adaxial side, the midrib prominent, minutely and scattered pubescent, secondary veins impressed to flat with trichomes similar to the midrib or glabrous, the higher-order veins flat to lightly impressed, with scattered trichomes, the rest of surface with scattered trichomes to glabrous. Inflorescences axillary (sometimes at leafless nodes), generally branching at the base, not flexuous, the staminate inflorescences 3.4-8.5 cm long, shorter or exceeding the petiole, minutely pubescent with simple and malpighiaceous, whitish trichomes on all axes, the pistillate inflorescences 1-1.8 cm long [(1.4)- 2.5-12.5 cm in fruit], much shorter than the petiole; bracts subtending the inflorescences 1-1.7 mm long, triangular, acuminate at the apex, densely pubescent abaxially; those on primary axes 0.6-1.3 mm long, triangular, acuminate or obtuse at the apex, densely pubescent abaxially; bracteoles subtending flowers 0.3-0.8 mm long, triangular or broadly ovate, obtuse to acuminate at the apex, pubescent or nearly glabrous abaxially. Flowers 4(5)-merous, the pedicel 1.5-2.8 mm long (2-6 mm in fruit), generally glabrous. Staminate flowers with calyx 0.7-1.3 × 1.3-2.4 mm, much taller than the disk, the lobes 0.4-1 mm long, rounded to depressed-deltoid, glabrous on abaxial side, papillate marginally, often persistent in fruit; petals variously reported as green, greenish yellow or white, 3-4 × 1.4-1.8 mm, distinct, erect to suberect at anthesis, lanceolate or ± triangular, glabrous on the abaxial side, glabrous but papillose on the adaxial side, papillose and weakly involute marginally, inflexed-apiculate at the apex (the apiculum 0.15-0.25 mm long); disk 0.23-0.46 tall × 0.26-0.5 mm thick, glabrous; stamens 8, (sub) equal, the antesepalous 1.8-2.4 mm long, the antepetalous 1.5-2 mm long, exceeding the pistillode, the filaments more or less flat, papillate, the anthers 0.7-0.9 mm long, lanceolate, obtuse to subcordate at the base, apiculate at the apex; pistillode 0.5-0.83 × 0.5-0.8 mm at the base, ovoid, globose or conical, glabrous, the style 0-1.5 mm long, stigma lobes 4, subglobose to weakly angulate, densely papillose. Pistillate flowers with calyx 1-1.2 × 2-2.5 mm, the lobes ca. 0.8 mm long, all parts similar to that of the staminate flowers; petals green, greenish yellow or white, distinct, 3-3.5 × 1.16-1.5 mm, suberect to reflexed at anthesis similar to those of the staminate flowers; disk 0.4-0.5 tall × ca. 0.3 mm thick, glabrous; staminodes 8, (sub) equal, the antesepalous 1.5-1.7 mm long, the antepetalous 1.3-1.5 mm long, shorter or longer than the pistil, the filaments flat, not papillate, the anthers 0.6-0.8 mm long, lanceolate, cordate at the base; pistil 1.16-1.3 × 1-1.23 mm (at the base), ovoid or conical, glabrous, the style 0.3-0.8 mm long, stigma lobes-4, globose, densely papillose, each lobe sulcate on the middle (± as an inverted “C”). Fruits 1.6-2.4 × 1.1-2.1 cm, globose to ovoid, reddish or green (M. Ballestero 71) when ripe, obtuse at the base, the apex generally conspicuously apiculate at the apex, smooth or (more commonly) lenticellate, glabrous, stipitate [the stipe (0.1-) 0.2-0.5 cm long]; pseudoaril white; pyrene 1(2), 1.3-1.6 × 0.9-1.2 cm, smooth, ovoid to very widely ovate, obtuse at the base, apiculate at the apex, the wall 0.6-1.1 mm thick, whitish or yellowish; funicular scar 0.3-0.45 (-0.5) cm long, usually not very deep, without a rib in the middle or the rib inconspicuous.</p> <p>Habitat and distribution.</p> <p>This species is known so far only from wet forest on the Caribbean slope of Nicaragua and Costa Rica. It occurs mainly between 10 and 200 m in elevation, although some collections were made between 300 and 700 m. In Costa Rica, this species is common in the Sarapiquí region, where it seems to prefer alluvial soils on flat or relatively flat ground, sometimes on river banks. In this area, Protium hammelii grows sympatrically with the following species: Carapa guianensis Aubl. (Meliaceae), Dipteryx panamensis (Pittier) Record &amp; Mell (Fabaceae), Euterpe precatoria Mart. (Arecaceae), Minquartia guianensis Aubl. (Coulaceae), and Pentaclethra macroloba Kuntze (Fabaceae), among others species (N. Zamora, pers. comm.; May 2016).</p> <p>Phenology.</p> <p>In Nicaragua, Protium hammelii has been collected with fruits in January, February, from May to July, and in October, but never in flower. In Costa Rica, it has been collected with staminate flowers in January, February, April, and December; pistillate flowers in January and February; and fruits in January, March, April, June, from August to October, and in December.</p> <p>Common name.</p> <p>Alcanfor (Spanish; Nicaragua, R. Rueda et al. 2642, 2701; J.C. Sandino 3424).</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The specific epithet honors Barry E. Hammel, curator at the Missouri Botanical Garden and co-editor of the Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica, in recognition of his extensive work on the Costa Rican flora, as well as his personal support and motivation.</p> <p>Discussion.</p> <p>Protium hammelii is recognizable by its almost glabrous vegetative parts, leaves with 5-7 leaflets, commonly with a sparsely denticulate margin, prominent tertiary veins on the abaxial side, 4(5)-merous flowers with glabrous petals, pistils, and pistillodes, the pistillate flowers with globose stigma lobes that are sulcate in the middle, and glabrous, usually lenticellate fruits that are stipitate and apiculate at the apex. Specimens of Protium hammelii have frequently been identified as Protium glabrum (Rose) Engl., a species that is widespread from Belize to Panama, or Protium panamense, from Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia. The first of these is common in Costa Rica, while the second is quite rare (Fig. 6A-F); both have leaflets that are always entire. Protium hammelii differs from Protium glabrum by its consistently glabrous petals on both sides, pistil, and pistillode (vs. petals on the adaxial side, pistil, and pistillode always pubescent). Fruiting material can usually be distinguished by the apiculate apex of the fruits of Protium hammelii (vs. obtuse or rounded), and the glabrous (vs. with very small trichomes). Protium panamense shares occasional stilt-roots, glabrous flowers and fruits that are apiculate at the apex with Protium hammelii, but Protium hammelii usually has smaller lateral (11-22.2 × 3.3-6.4 vs. 16-32.5 × 6.7-10.3 cm), and terminal leaflets (11.2-17.7 × 3.9-8.5 vs. 15-28.3 × 7-13.6 cm) that are also usually thinner, as well as thinner lateral and terminal petiolules that are also shorter (1.8-4.3 [-5.5] vs. 5.2-8.7 cm); Protium hammelii further has smaller (1.6-2.4 × 1.1-2.1 cm), globose to ovoid fruits (vs. usually 2.2-3 × 0.9-1.7 cm lanceolate. Protium multiramiflorum from Mexico to Honduras is similar to Protium hammelii in its nearly glabrous leaves, petals, and sometimes pistil or pistillode. (Although the pistil of Protium multiramiflorum was originally described as glabrous [Lundell 1937], almost all collections studied, including one of the isotypes [Lundell 6212, GH-2 sheets!] and the paratype [Schipp 1021; A!, F!, GH!, MO!], have the pistil or pistillode with tiny, scattered trichomes). The new species differs in its short calyx in both sexes (0.7-1.3 vs. 1.4-2 mm long), stigma lobes that are sulcate (vs. not sulcate), and pyrenes with thick walls (0.6-1.1 vs. 0.3-0.5 [-0.6] mm thick) and short scar (0.3-0.45 [-0.5] vs. 0.4-0.7 cm long) (Fig. 7B). Others species in Costa Rica with glabrous pistils or pistillodes are Protium aracouchini (Figs 6G-J), Protium ravenii (Figs 6K-N), and Protium aguilarii. The first two species can be distinguished from Protium hammelii by their flexuous inflorescences and twigs and abundant exuding resin that becomes whitish and chalky (Figs 6H and L, inset), while Protium aguilarii can be distinguished by its petals that are pubescent abaxially.</p> <p>Fruit dispersal by birds and mammals has been reported at the La Selva Biological Station for Protium panamense (Vargas 2000), but the observation likely corresponds to Protium hammelii.</p> <p>Additional material examined.</p> <p>NICARAGUA. Atlántico Norte [Zelaya]: Reserva Bosawas, Mpio. de Bonanza, Cerro Cola Blanca, entre el cacerío de Vitinia y empalme de la Comarca de Panamá, 14°04'N, 084°34'W, 200 m, 02 Jun 1997 (fr), R. Rueda &amp; I. Coronado 6595 (MO). Atlántico Sur [Zelaya]: área de la Bahía de Bluefields, río Escondido, camino entre El Pool y Abardeen Hills, 0-30 m, 22 Mar 1949 (st), A. Molina 1899 (F); Monkey Point, Caño El Pato, 1.5 km sobre la ribera del Caño, 11°35'N, 083°42'W, 10 m, 25 Oct 1981 (fr), P.P. Moreno 12411 (MO); Caño Montecristo, al este del Campamento Germán Pomares, 11°36'N, 083°52'W, 60-90 m, 08 Feb 1982 (fl bud), P.P. Moreno 15132 (MO); Mpio. de Rama, Loma Buena Vista, 12°08'N, 084°12'W, 100-150 m, 23 May 1984 (st), W. Robleto 613 (MO); a lo largo del río Maíz, 11°16'N, 084°07'W, [25-50 m], 08 Jan 1995 (fr), R. Rueda et al. 2642 (MO); Mpio. Laguna de Perla, río Wawanshang, 12°40'N, 083°42'W, 50 m, 15 Feb 2002 (fr), R. Rueda &amp; R. Dolmus 16851 (MO); 1 km de Colonia Serrano, río Serrano, 11°34'N, 084°22'W, 70-80 m, 31 Jul 1982 (fr), J.C. Sandino 3424 (MO). Chontales: Along road from Ciudad Sandino toward El Guabo, 0.7 km SW of El Porvenir, 12°09'02"N, 084°52'43"W, 345 m, 17 May 2011 (fr), W.D. Stevens 31653 (MO). Matagalpa: Falda norte del Cerro Musún, frente a trocha a Wanawás, [13°02'N, 085°15'W], 200-500 m, 16 May 1980 (fr), M. Araquistain &amp; P.P. Moreno 2789 (MO). Río San Juan: Mpio. de San Juan del Norte, del Delta 1 km al este y después 2 km al norte, 10°46'N, 083°46'W, [40-80 m], 08 Jun 1995 (st), R. Rueda et al. 2701 (MO). Costa Rica. Alajuela: Los Chiles, Finca La Urraca, Los Lirios, camino a los Chiles, ca. 100 m, 11 Dec 1985 (fr), J. Gómez-Laurito et al. 10998 (CR, F, USJ). Heredia: Sarapiquí, OET, La Selva, 14 Jun 2004 (fr), R. Aguilar et al. 8337 (LSCR-digital image); Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, frente al Puesto La Ceiba, 10°19'47"N, 084°04'48"W, 400-700 m, 23 Dec 1988 (fr), M. Ballestero 71 (CR, MO); about 5 km north of Puerto Viejo along the road to El Muelle, 10°28'N, 083°58"W [10°30'36"N, 084°00'36"W], 100 m, 08 Jan 1967 (♂ fl), W.C. Burger &amp; G. Mata 4307 (F-2 sheets, MO); about 5 km north of Puerto Viejo along the road to El Muelle, 10°28'N, 083°58"W [10°30'36"N, 084°00'36"W], 100 m, 08 Jan 1967 (♀ fl, fr), W.C. Burger &amp; G. Mata 4315 (F, MO, NY-digital image); Finca La Selva, the OTS Field Station on the río Puerto Viejo just E of its junction with the río Sarapiquí, Southwest trail, 1600 m line, 100 m, 16 Feb 1981 (♂ fl), J.P. Folsom 8965 (F, MO); Finca La Selva, the OTS Field Station on the río Puerto Viejo just E of its junction with the río Sarapiquí, central trail to Holdridge Trail 3000 m line, 100 m, 08 Mar 1981 (immat fr), J.P. Folsom 9279 (MO); Finca La Selva, the OTS Field Station on the río Puerto Viejo just E of its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, junction South Boundary and Western Boundary, 21 Mar 1981 (immat fr), J.P. Folsom 9435 (CR); Finca La Selva, the OTS Field Station on the río Puerto Viejo just E of its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, El Swampo Trail, 100 m, 27 Apr 1981 (fr), J.P. Folsom 9882 (F, MO, NY-digital image); Magsasay, near La Selva, 10°24'N, 084°03'W, 150 m, 16 Jul 1990 (st), A.H. Gentry 71766A (MO); La Selva, río Sarapiquí near Puerto Viejo, junction SSO and LOC Trails, 10°26'N, 084°01'W, 100 m, 05 Jan 1993 (all st), A.H. Gentry et al. 78485 (CR, MO), 78507 (CR, MO), 78522 (CR, MO), 78543 (CR, MO); La Selva, río Sarapiquí near Puerto Viejo, junction SSO and LOC Trails, 10°26'N, 084°01'W, 08 Jan 1993 (st), A.H. Gentry &amp; R. Ortiz 78630 (CR, MO); Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, fila Carrillo, 700 m, 30 Mar 1984 (fr), L.D. Gómez et al. 21135 (CR); Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, estación El Ceibo, 10°20'00"N, 084°04'00"W, 450-500 m, 13 Mar 2003 (fr), J. González 3147 (CR); Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, estación El Ceibo, 10°20'00"N, 084°04'00"W, 450-500 m, 14 Mar 2003 (immat fr), J. González 3176 (CR, MO, USJ); Chilamate, Cerros de Sardinal, finca propiedad de Isaias Alvarado, 100 m, 26 Aug 2007, J. González et al. 9326 (LSCR-digital image); Finca La Selva, Arboretum tag #522, 10°26'N, 084°01'W [10°25'53"N, 084°00'13"W], [40 m], 30 Dec 1970 (♂ fl bud), G.S. Hartshorn 968 (F, MO-2 sheets); Finca La Selva, 10°26'N, 084°01'W, [100 m], 25 Jan 1973 (fr), G.S. Hartshorn 1108 (CR); Finca La Selva, Holdridge Arboretum tag #119, 10°26'N, 084°01'W, [100 m], 22 Aug 1975 (fr), G.S. Hartshorn 1476 (CR, F, LSCR-digital image, MO); Finca La Selva, the OTS Field Station on the río Puerto Viejo just E of its junction with the río Sarapiquí, quebrada El Sura, 100 m, 06 Jun 1984 (fr), B. Jacobs 2148 (CR); Finca La Selva, the OTS Field Station on the río Puerto Viejo just E of its junction with the río Sarapiquí, camino circular Lagano, at bridge across Q. [Quebrada] Salto, 100 m, 15 Jun 1928 (fr), B. Jacobs 2362 (F); Finca La Selva, the OTS Field Station on the río Puerto Viejo just E of its junction with the río Sarapiquí, vicinity Sendero Jagarunda and Lindero Sur intersection, [10°25'53"N, 084°00'13"W], 100 m, 28 Jun 1984 (fr), B. Jacobs 2644 (MO); río Sarapiquí, 125 m, 18 Jan 1966 (fl bud), A. Jiménez 3602 (F-2 sheets, CR); Finca Hermanos Vargas, 1 km al Suroeste de Puerto Viejo, 125 m, 04 Feb 1966 (♂ fl), A. Jiménez 3602 (CR); Estación Biológica La Selva, LOC 600, 10°25'47"N, 084°01'00"W, 55 m, 29 Jul 2004 (st), S. Letcher 77 (USJ); Finca La Selva, the OTS Field Station on the río Puerto Viejo just E of its junction with the río Sarapiquí, Far Loop Trail at about 350 m, [10°25'53"N, 084°00'13"W], 100 m, 11 Feb 1996 (♂ fl bud), R.L. Wilbur 65080 (F, MO); Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, El Ceibo, 10°22'29"N, 084°02'10"W, 200-300 m, 24 Aug 2004 (fr), R. Kriebel et al. 4857 (CR); Estación Biológica La Selva, 10°26'00"N, 084°00'30"W, 0-100 m, 05 Feb 2004 (st), A. Rodríguez 8395 (CR, USJ); OET La Selva, a orillas del río Sarapiquí, [10°25'53"N, 084°00'13"W], [100 m], 30 Oct 2005 (fr), N. Zamora 3871 (LSCR-digital image, MO). Limón: Bosque Lluvioso [finca propiedad de INBio], 10°11'28"N, 083°51'28"W, 350 m, 16 Aug 2005 (st), L. Acosta et al. 3550 (CR); Pococí, 300 m al sur del Hotel Vista Al Mar, Tortuguero, 10°35'51"N, 083°31'40"W, 10 m, 22 Oct 2011 (fr), M. Argueta 107, 109 (USJ); Guápiles, La Leona, 10°09'45"N, 083°49'37"W, 478 m, 31 May 2005 (fr), C. Benavides &amp; A. Chacón 160 (USJ); North shore of the mouth of the río Colorado at Barra del Colorado, 10°47'40"N, 083°35'30"W, 1-5 m, 12 Sep 1986 (fr), G. Davidse &amp; G. Herrera 30879 (CR, F, MO); Guápiles, Cariari, El Zota, Finca El Progreso, 10°30'35"N, 083°44'39"W, 40 m, 11 Jun 2011 (fr), M. Díaz s.n. (USJ-99607); Parque Nacional Tortuguero, Cerro Tortuguero, 10°35'37"N, 083°31'31"W, 5-120 m, 22 Oct 2011 (fr), J. Gómez-Laurito 15689 (USJ); near río Parismina, 8 km W of Dos Bocas, [10°14'46"N, 083°27'21"W], 8 m, 31 Mar 1972 (fr), R.W. Lent 2457 (CR, F, MO); Matina, Colonia Puriscaleña, Sendero Cerro Azul, 09°59'44"N, 083°23'08"W, 400-500 m, 15 Mar 2000 (fr), E. Mora 984 (CR); Parque Nacional Tortuguero, Estación Agua Fría, rumbo Noreste, a orillas del río Agua Fría, 10°27'N, 083°33'W, 40 m, 02 Feb 1988, R. Robles 1586 (CR, MO, NY-digital image); Llanura de Santa Clara, Chiporrisito, 10°36'10"N, 083°47'20"W, 400 m, 30 Jan 1995 (fl bud), A. Rodríguez 507 (INB); Parque Nacional Tortuguero, Estación Agua Fría, Sendero El Aguacate, a 500 m de la entrada, 10°26'40"N, 083°34'40"W, 20 m, 11 Jan 1990 (fr), J. Solano 62 (CR, MO, NY-digital image); Caño Chiquero, Tortuguero, 31 Jan 1986 (♂ fl), R. Soto 2758 (CR); Cerro Coronel, E of Laguna Danto, 10°41'N, 083°38'W, 20-170 m, 16-13 Jan 1986 (♂ fl), W.D. Stevens 23769, 23770 (CR, MO); Cerro Coronel, along río Colorado at and below outflow of Laguna Danto, 10°42'N, 83°39'W, 5-10 m, 25 Jan 2016 (fr), W.D. Stevens 24002 (CR, MO); Cerro Coronel, E of Laguna Danto, 10°41'N, 083°38'W, 16 Mar 1987 (st), W.D. Stevens et al. 24912 (MO); Monte Verde, 300 [ft?], 25 Apr 1928 (fr), H.E Stork 1682 (F); Zapota Dos, ca. 20 NW of Tortuguero village, on farm of Ronulfo Vargas, 10°38'N, 083°41'W, 90-110 m, 16 Mar 1995 (st), K. Thomsen 1377 (CR); Parque Nacional Tortuguero, Agua Fría, 10°26'35"N, 083°34'38"W, 32 m, 14 Jun 2007 (fr), L.D. Vargas et al. 2379 (CR); Parque Nacional Tortuguero, Agua Fría, 10°26'20"N, 083°34'47"W, 30 m, 18 Oct 2007 (fr), L.D. Vargas et al. 2813 (CR).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E5110F08D39056B6B95A1F151D716B6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel;Lagomarsino, Laura P.	Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel, Lagomarsino, Laura P. (2017): Two new species and a new combination in Protium (Burseraceae) from Costa Rica. PhytoKeys 76: 89-113, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.76.10298, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.76.10298
499AEAF09C09533082736028B8567E9B.text	499AEAF09C09533082736028B8567E9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protium brenesii (Santamaría-Aguilar & Lagomarsino 2017) D. Santam 2017	<div><p>Protium brenesii (Standl.) D.Santam comb. nov. Figs 8A, 9</p> <p>Basionym: Trichilia brenesii Standl. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 583. 1937. Type. COSTA RICA. [Alajuela:] colinas del Tremendal (San Pedro) de San Ramón, [09] Apr 1935 [♂ fl], A.M. Brenes 20510 (holotype: F-866066!; isotypes: CR-2 sheets! [Hb. Brenes 20009, both with the same herbarium number], NY-00054791, digital image!).</p> <p>Habitat and distribution.</p> <p>Protium brenesii is only known from Costa Rica, where it grows mainly in the Cordilleras de Guanacaste, de Tilarán and Central on both the Caribbean and Pacific slopes, though it also has been collected in the Cordillera de Talamanca (Dota region) and the Valle del General. It is found in primary forest and along roads and rivers between 640 and 1500 m elevation. Protium brenesii is found at the highest elevations of any species of its genus in Costa Rica.</p> <p>Phenology.</p> <p>Collections with male flowers have been made from March to May, and December; female flowers in February; and fruits in March and April, and from June to December.</p> <p>Common name.</p> <p>Copal (Spanish; Costa Rica, E. Bello 473).</p> <p>Discussion.</p> <p>In the course of examining material identified as Protium costaricense, a notable number of collections from Costa Rica, mainly from 640-1500 m elevation in the Cordilleras de Guanacaste, de Tilarán and Central, were identified that differed from the rest. This material has twigs and leaflets with inconspicuous pubescence on the abaxial side; leaves with more numerous and usually narrower leaflets; and longer inflorescences and infructescences. Protium costaricense, as interpreted here, is a species of the lowlands of the Caribbean slope in Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama, while the other collections represent a distinct montane taxon. An appropriate name already exists, and had been applied to some material collected in the Costa Rican cordilleras: Trichilia brenesii Standl. (1937: 583). Therefore, a new combination is proposed here, transferring Trichilia brenesii to Protium.</p> <p>The first known collection of Protium brenesii was made by Alberto M. Brenes (1870-1948) in the mountains near San Ramón, Alajuela Province, Costa Rica, in May 1923 (Brenes 19953). This species is similar in some aspects to Protium costaricense, with which it has been confused for more than 90 years. These two taxa share the following morphological characteristics: twigs and leaves with dense pubescence; entire leaflets; 4(5)-merous flowers with pubescent petals, pistil, and pistillode; and rugose pyrene. The leaflets and fruits of the two species are also more or less similar in shape and size, but tend to be narrower in Protium brenesii. However, Protium brenesii can be distinguished from Protium costaricense by its longer inflorescences [(5-) 7-11.5 vs. 1.6-6.5 cm], with malpighiaceous and simple trichomes (vs. only simple) on the axes, and male and female flowers with the disk equal or taller than the calyx (vs. shorter), a feature that is also evident on collections with fruits. Additionally, the terminal leaflets of Protium brenesii are smaller (6.8-10.7 × 2.5-3.7 vs. 10.5-17.5 × 4.5-7.7 cm) and have shorter petiolules (1.5-2.5 vs. 2.8-3.5 [-5] cm). Importantly, Protium brenesii is a species of montane forests at elevations of 640-1500 m, while Protium costaricense is most frequent in lowland wet forests from 0-200 m. Some collections of Protium brenesii have been confused with Protium confusum (Rose) Pittier (or its synonym, Protium schippii Lundell), the latter distinguished by its distally undulate or serrulate leaflets (vs. entire), inflorescences usually with a mixture of malpighiaceous, reddish trichomes and apparently glandular, whitish trichomes (vs. yellowish to pale brown malpighiaceous and simple trichomes), and flowers with the petals, pistil, and pistillode densely covered by dark red trichomes (vs. with whitish or pale brown trichomes).</p> <p>In the checklist of Plantas Vasculares de Monteverde (Haber 2014), Protium sp. A. (7508 [W. Haber &amp; E. Cruz]) and Protium costaricense (E. Bello 473) correspond to Protium brenesii; the same applies to the collection cited by Gómez-Laurito and Ortiz (2004) (J. Gómez-Laurito et al. 12278).</p> <p>Additional material examined.</p> <p>COSTA Rica. Alajuela: Cantón de Grecia, Cordillera Central, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Los Angeles</a>, camino de Los Ángeles a la <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Laguna de Hule</a>, 10°17'55"N, 084°12'20"W, 740-900 m, 28 Oct 1995 (fl bud), J. González &amp; G. Perera 995 (CR-2 sheets, MO, NY-digital image); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Canton de San Ramon</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Reserva Biologica Monteverde</a> , <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">rioPenas Blancas</a> , parcela de los <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Enanos</a>, 10°18'00"N, 084°43'48"W, 850 m, 02 Sep 1988 (fr), E. Bello 332 (CR-2 sheets, F, MO, NY-digital image, USJ); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Reserva Biologica Monteverde</a> , <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">rioPenas Blancas</a> , 10°19'N, 084°43'W, 850 m, 06 Sep 1988 (fr), E. Bello 353 (CR, MO, NY-digital image); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Reserva Biologica Monteverde</a> , <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">rioPenas Blancas</a> , 10°19'N, 084°43'W, 820 m, 10 Oct 1988 (fr), E. Bello &amp; E. Cruz 458 (CR, MO, NY-digital image); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Reserva Biologica Monteverde</a> , <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">rioPenas Blancas</a> , parcela de Badilla, 10°19'N, 084°43'W, 850 m, 22 Oct 1988 (fr), E. Bello 473 (F, MO, NY-digital image, USJ-2 sheets); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Reserva Biologica Monteverde</a> , <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">rioPenas Blancas</a> , 10°18'36"N, 084°43'12"W, 900 m, 21 Apr 1993 (♂ fl), E. Bello 5014 (CR-2 sheets); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">San Pedro de San Ramon</a>, 1000 m, 06 May 1923 (♂ fl), A.M. Brenes 19953 [Hb. Brenes 3883], (CR, F, NY-digital image); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Colinas de San Pedro de San Ramon</a>, 1050-1075 m, 27 May 1925 (fl bud), A.M. Brenes 19955 [Hb. Brenes 4222], (CR, F, NY-digital image); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Colinas de San Pedro de San Ramon</a>, 04 Jul 1925, 1075 m, A.M. Brenes 4827 [612], (F); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Colinas de San Pedro de San Ramon</a>, 19 May 1927 (♂ fl), A.M. Brenes 19954 [Hb. Brenes 5445], (CR, NY-digital image); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Bajos del Jamaical</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Reserva de San Ramon</a>, 700-1000 m, 10 May 1985 (♂ fl), I. Chacón 1800 (CR-4 sheets); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Reserva Forestal de San Ramon</a>, Colonia Palmareña, 800-950 m, 19-22 Sep 1985 (fr), J. Gómez-Laurito 10528 (CR, USJ); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Reserva Forestal de San Ramon</a>, sendero a la fila al S. O. de la Estación, 10°13'N, 084°37'W, 05 Sep 1992 (fr), J. Gómez-Laurito 12278 (CR, F, USJ); Barranquilla, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Falda Noroeste del Cerro Jabonal</a>, 10 °09'40"N, 084°39'30"W, 1500 m, 04 Nov 1997 (fr), J. González et al. 2081 (CR-2 sheets, MO); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Monteverde Reserve</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Penas Blancas river</a> valley, Eladio Cruz farm, 10°20'N, 084°43'W, 800 m, 01 Nov 1986 (fr), W. Haber &amp; E. Bello 6176 (CR, NY-digital image); Reserva Biológica Monteverde, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">rioPenas Blancas</a> , 10°20'N, 084°43'W, 850 m, 13 Mar 1987 (♂ fl), W. Haber &amp; E. Bello 6801 (CR, MO, NY-digital image); Reserva Biológica Monteverde, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">rioPenas Blancas</a> , 10°20'N, 084°43'W, 800 m, 14 Apr 1987 (♂ fl), W. Haber &amp; E. Cruz 6979 (CR, MO, NY-digital image); Reserva Biológica Monteverde, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">rioPenas Blancas</a> , 10°18'N, 084°45'W, 900 m, 21 May 1987 (fl with galls), W. Haber &amp; E. Bello 7169 (MO, NY-digital image); Reserva Biológica Monteverde, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">rioPenas Blancas</a> , 10°20'N, 084°43'W, 820 m, 10 Jun 1997 (fr), W. Haber &amp; E. Cruz 7248 (CR, MO); Reserva Biológica Monteverde, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">rioPenas Blancas</a> , Finca Wilson Salazar, 10°18'N, 084°43'W, 800-900 m, 20 Aug 1987 (fr), W. Haber &amp; E. Cruz 7391 (CR, MO, NY-digital image); Reserva Biológica Monteverde, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">rioPenas Blancas</a> , Finca Wilson Salazar, 10°18'N, 084°43'W, 860 m, 20 Oct 1987 (fr), W. Haber &amp; E. Cruz 7508 (CR-2 sheets), 7509 (MO); Reserva Biológica Monteverde, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">rioPenas Blancas</a> , Finca Wilson Salazar, 10°18'N, 084°43'W, 800 m, 06 Nov 1987 (fr), W. Haber &amp; E. Cruz 7691 (CR, MO, NY-digital image); Reserva Biológica Monteverde, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">rioPenas Blancas</a> , 10°18'N, 084°44'W, 900, 15 Dec 1987 (fr), W. Haber &amp; E. Bello 7914 (CR, MO); Reserva Biológica Monteverde, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">rioPenas Blancas</a> , 10°19'N, 084°43'W, 800 m, 14 Dec 1987 (♂ fl), W. Haber &amp; E. Bello 7899 (CR, MO, NY-digital image); San Ramón, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Bosque Eterno De Los Ninos</a>, 4 km SW of La Tigra de San Carlos, valley of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">rio La Esperanza</a> , finca Araya Ledezma, 10°18'N, 084°37'W, 600-800 m, 01 Jul 1992 (fr), W. Haber et al. 11232 (CR-2 sheets, MO); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Reserva Forestal de San Ramon</a>, 10°12'53"N, 084°36'28"W, 03 May 1987 (♂ fl), G. Herrera 617 (CR, F, MO); San Ramón, Los Ángeles, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Reserva de San Ramon</a>, 2 km al Norte de la Estación, 10°12'40"N, 084°36'20"W, 1000 m, 18 Oct 1993 (fr), G. Herrera 6604 (MO); area of the Reserva Biológica Alberto M. Brenes, 10°13'N, 084°36'W, 1010 m, 29 Apr 2001 (st), J. Homeier &amp; A. Wolter 723 (USJ); area of the Reserva Biológica Alberto M. Brenes, 10°13'N, 084°36'W, 1010 m, 29 Apr 2001 (st), J. Homeier &amp; A. Wolter 1010 (USJ); Reserva Forestal Arenal, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">rioPenas Blancas</a> , Quebrada Agua Gata, Finca Francisco, 10°20'N, 084°42'W, 1200 m, 19 Sep 1990 (fr), N. Obando 122 (CR-2 sheets, MO, NY-digital image); Reserva Biológica Monteverde, Estación Eladio’s, 10°18'30"N, 084°43'10"W, 820 m, 02 Oct 1990 (fr), N. Obando et al. 187 (CR-2 sheets, MO, NY-digital image); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">San Rafael de San Ramon</a>, 20 Oct 1969 (fr), S. Salas et al. 1378 (USJ); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Reserva de San Ramon</a>, 13 May 1985 (♂ fl), L. Umaña s.n. (USJ-026360); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Canton de Upala</a> , Bijagua, El Pilón, Cabeceras del <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">rio Celeste</a> , 10°49'N, 084°57'W, 700 m, 21 Apr 1988 (fr), G. Herrera 1852 (CR, MO, NY-digital image); Volcán Tenorio, Pilón, 19 Nov 1987 (fl bud), P. Sánchez &amp; L.J. Poveda 1282 (CR, F); Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Sector San Ramón, Dos Ríos, sendero a Níspero y Argentina, 10°52'50"N, 085°24'30"W, 550 m, 04 Mar 1995 (fr), R. Espinoza et al. 1298 (CR-2 sheets, MO, NY-digital image); Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Nueva Zelandia, Estación San Ramón, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">La</a> Campana, Dos Ríos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">rioColon</a>, 10°52'50"N, 085°24'05"W, 550 m, 23 Mar 1994 (♂ fl), D. García 196 (CR-2 sheets, MO, NY-digital image); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Canton de San Carlos</a> , hacia Quebrada “Corella” San Carlos, 650 m, 23 Jun 1966 (fr), A. Jiménez 4045 (CR, F, MO, NY-digital image); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">La</a> Fortuna, Finca El Jilguero, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">Sendero La Lava</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.7/lat 10.466666)">rio Aguas Calientes</a> 0.5 km aguas arriba, 10°26'35"N, 084°42'20"W, 700 m, 23 Nov 1992 (fr), G. Herrera 5625 (CR-2 sheets); North side Arenal Volcano, 10°28'N, 084°42'W, 800 m, 11 Apr 1974 (fr), R. Lent 3862 (CR, F, NY-digital image). Guanacaste: Cantón de La Cruz, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.93055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.588888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.93055/lat 10.588888)">Estacion Pitilla</a> , al noroeste de la estación, 11°01'48"N, 085°25'12"W, 550 m, 16 Jun 1989 (fr), B. Hammel 17495 (CR, F, MO, NY-digital image); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.93055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.588888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.93055/lat 10.588888)">Parque Nacional</a> Guanacaste, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.93055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.588888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.93055/lat 10.588888)">Estacion Pitilla</a> , 9 km al S de Santa Cecilia, 10°59'25"N, 085°25'40"W, 700-1000 m, 06 Mar 1991 (fr), C.O. Moraga 315 (CR-2 sheets); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.93055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.588888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.93055/lat 10.588888)">Parque Nacional</a> Guanacaste, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.93055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.588888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.93055/lat 10.588888)">Estacion Pitilla</a> , <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.93055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.588888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.93055/lat 10.588888)">Sendero El Mismo</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.93055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.588888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.93055/lat 10.588888)">Finca La Pasmompa</a>, 11°02'00"N, 085°24'30"W, 700 m, 09 Dec 1990 (♂ fl), P. Ríos 216 (CR, MO); Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Estación Pitilla, Fila Orosilito y Sendero El Mismo, 10°59'26"N, 085°25'40"W, 700 m, 02 Mar 1991 (fr), P. Ríos 310 (CR-2 sheets, MO, NY-digital image); Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Estación Pitilla, Sendero El Mismo, 10°59'26"N, 085°25'40"W, 700 m, 15 Jun 1991 (♂ fl), P. Ríos 364 (CR-2 sheets, MO); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.93055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.588888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.93055/lat 10.588888)">Canton de Bagaces</a> , Parque Nacional Rincón de la Vieja, Sendero de la toma de agua, a 3 km de la estación, 10°46'05"N, 085°17'40"W, 1000 m, 17 Sep 1990 (fr), G. Rivera 546 (CR-2 sheets, MO, NY-2 sheets, digital image); Parque Nacional Rincón de la Vieja, Colonia Blanca, 10°48'20"N, 085°17'50"W, 1300-1600 m, 08 Nov 1990 (fr), G. Rivera 847 (CR-2 sheets); Parque Nacional Rincón de la Vieja, Sector Santa María, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.93055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.588888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.93055/lat 10.588888)">Sendero La Plantacion</a>, cabeceras Quebrada Zopilote, 10°46'48"N, 085°17'24"W, 950-1100 m, 14 Aug 1996 (fr), J. F. Morales 5667 (CR-2 sheets); Guatuso, Lago Coter, 5 km norte, Hotel Ecolodge, 10°35'20"N, 084°55'50"W, 700 m, 28 Apr 1997 (♂ fl), G. Rivera 3005 (CR). San José: Reserva Forestal Los Santos, quebrada Bomba, cruce a <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.653336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.372222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.653336/lat 9.372222)">Fila Mona</a> y <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.653336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.372222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.653336/lat 9.372222)">La Bomba</a> , 09°30'00"N, 083°56'45"W, 500 m, 28 Feb 2005 (fl bud), D. Santamaría &amp; J.F. Morales 751 (CR); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.653336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.372222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.653336/lat 9.372222)">Reserva Forestal Los Santos</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.653336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.372222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.653336/lat 9.372222)">Dota</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.653336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.372222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.653336/lat 9.372222)">Fila Vega</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.653336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.372222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.653336/lat 9.372222)">Sendero</a> a <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.653336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.372222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.653336/lat 9.372222)">Fila Seca</a>, 09°29'40"N, 083°57'30"W, 800-950 m, 03 Mar 2005 (fl bud), D. Santamaría &amp; J.F. Morales 900 (CR); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.653336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.372222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.653336/lat 9.372222)">Canton de PerezZeledon</a>, vicinity of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.653336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.372222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.653336/lat 9.372222)">El General</a>, [09°23'42"N, 083°38'26"W], 1040 m, Feb 1936 (♀ fl), A.F. Skutch 2620 (A, GH, MO, NY-digital image); Pérez Zeledón, vicinity of El General, [09°20'48"N, 083°39'27"W], 640 m, Mar 1939 (♂ fl), A.F. Skutch 4244 (A, MO, NY-digital image); Pérez Zeledón, vicinity of El General, [09°22'20"N, 083°39'12"W], 675-900 m, Mar 1940 (♂ fl), A.F. Skutch 4849 (A, CR, F-2 sheets, MO); basin of General, 675-900 m, 10 Feb 1942 (fl), A.F. Skutch 5024 (F).</p> <p>In view of the long history of confusion involving Protium brenesii and Protium costaricense, the following information is provided to clarify some important parameters of the latter species, as it is here interpreted:</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/499AEAF09C09533082736028B8567E9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel;Lagomarsino, Laura P.	Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel, Lagomarsino, Laura P. (2017): Two new species and a new combination in Protium (Burseraceae) from Costa Rica. PhytoKeys 76: 89-113, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.76.10298, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.76.10298
5E580C4D74F4558E87E1956513BC4BFE.text	5E580C4D74F4558E87E1956513BC4BFE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protium costaricense (Rose) (Rose) Engl., Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 19 a: 414. 1931.	<div><p>Protium costaricense (Rose) Engl., Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler &amp; Prantl] 19a: 414. 1931. Figs 8B, 9</p> <p>Icica costaricensis Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25(3): 259. 1911. Type. COSTA RICA. [Alajuela:] Santa Clara: Las Delicias, [500 m], Jan 1897 [♀ fl], P. Biolley 10665 [T. Biolley (sic), in the protologue] (holotype: US-digital image! [herbarium of Capt. John Donnell Smith, in the protologue]; isotypes: CR!, F!).</p> <p>Habitat and distribution.</p> <p>Protium costaricense it is known from wet forests on the Caribbean slopes of Nicaragua (Atlántico Sur and Río San Juan Departments), Panama (Colón and Panamá Provinces), and Costa Rica. In Costa Rica, it is known from throughout the Caribbean coastal plain in Alajuela and Limón Provinces. It grows in primary forest and along river or forest edges, from 0 to 200 m in elevation (reportedly up to 500 m, according to the label of the type).</p> <p>Phenology.</p> <p>Collected with staminate flowers in February and June; pistillate flowers in February, July, and August; and fruits in January and from June to December.</p> <p>Common name.</p> <p>In Nicaragua, this species is known as alcanfor (A. Laguna 73; R. Rueda et al. 5338). In Costa Rica and Panama, it goes by copal, chutra, kerosín and alcanfor (Condit et al. 2011).</p> <p>Additional material examined.</p> <p>NICARAGUA. Atlántico Sur [Zelaya]: Santa Fe, unión del Caño Agua Fría y Quebrada La Capilla, [11°41'N, 084°28'W], [100-200 m], 02 Oct 1982 (fr), A. Laguna 73 (MO). Río San Juan: Sábalo, 1 km al norte de río San Juan, 11°02'N, 084°27'W, [100 m], 09-10 Jul 1985 (fr), P.P. Moreno 26057 (MO); sobre el río Indio, entre San Juan del Norte Nuevo y La Casa de Narciso Orozco, incluyendo Caño Negro, 10°58'N, 083°44'W, 0-100 m, 01 Jul 1994 (♀ fl), R. Rueda et al. 1612 (MO); Reserva Indio-Maíz, Mpio. de San Juan del Norte, Laguna de Silico, 10°51'N, 083°46'W, 0-10 m, 02 Aug 1996 (fr), R. Rueda et al. 4850 (MO); Reserva Indio-Maíz, Mpio. de El Castillo, a lo largo del río Bartola entre el caño la Lar garta y la cabecera del río Bartola, 11°16'N, 084°16'W, [50-100 m], 29 Dec 1996 (fr), R. Rueda et al. 5127 (MO); Reserva Indio-Maíz, Mpio. de El Castillo, a 8 km de la cabecera del río Bartola, en dirección al Cerro el Diablo, 11°01'N, 084°14'W, 120 m, 04 Jan 1997 (fr), R. Rueda et al. 5338 (MO); Reserva Indio-Maíz, Mpio. de El Castillo, 3 km al norte de la desembocadura del Caño Chontaleño, 11°05'N, 084°15'W, 24 Feb 1997 (♂ fl), R. Rueda et al. 6285 (MO); Mpio. El Castillo, Reserva Indio-Maíz, río San Juan, entre la desembocadura del río Bartola y el Caño Sarnoso, 10°56'N, 084°20'W, 100 m, 04 Dec 1998 (fr), R. Rueda et al. 9462 (MO). COSTA RICA. Alajuela: along road between Cañas (Guanacaste) and Upala, near río Zapote, 1.8-2.7 km south of río Canalete, ca. 100 m, 25 Jun 1976 (♂ fl), T.B. Croat 36355 (MO, NY-digital image); San Carlos, San Luis de Cutris, 23 Sep 1983 (fr), L.J. Poveda 3663 (USJ). Limón: cantón de Pococí, Refugio Nacional de Fauna Silvestre Barra del Colorado, Sardinas, 10°38'24"N, 083°43'48"W, 15 m, 25 Nov 1992 (fr), F. Araya 61 (CR, MO, NY-digital image); Refugio Nacional de Fauna Silvestre Barra del Colorado, Puerto Lindo, 10°41'24"N, 083°39'00"W, 200 m, 24 Jul 1995 (fr), F. Araya &amp; J. Corrales 803 (MO, NY-digital image); Southwestern-most ridge of Cerro Coronel, NW-facing slope, just S of the río Colorado, 10°40'30"N, 083°39'30"W, 10-80 m, 17-18 Sep 1986 (fr), G. Davidse &amp; G. Herrera 31469 (MO); Hacienda Tapezco-Hds, La Suerte, 29 air km W of Tortuguero, 10°30'N, 083°47'W, 40 m, 20 Aug 1979 (♀ fl), C. Davidson &amp; J. Donahue 8514 (MO); Parque Nacional Tortuguero, Estación Agua Fría, 3 km al Sur, Sendero Real, 10°27'N, 083°34'W, 40 m, 18 Jan 1988 (fr), R. Robles 1624 (MO, NY-digital image); Refugio Nacional de Fauna Silvestre Barra del Colorado, sector Cocorí, 30 km N de Cariari, 10°35'40"N, 083°48'00"W, 100 m, 15 Jun 1991 (fr), E. Rojas 227 (CR, MO, NY-digital image); río Santa Clara, 1 ½ NW. of Los Diamantes, ne. of Guápiles, ca. 980 ft [298 m], 18 Aug 1961 (fr), G.B. Rossbach 3823 (GH); Cerro Coronel, E of río Zapote, 1 km of río Colorado, 10°40'N, 083°40'W, 10-40 m, 13-14 Sep 1986 (fr), W.D. Stevens &amp; O.M. Montiel 24333 (MO); Pueblo Nuevo, 17 km NE of Guácimo, 10°20'N, 083°36'W, 100 m, 07 Sep 1994 (fr), K. Thomsen 1112 (CR, NY-digital image). PANAMA. Colón: Donoso, río Hoja, UTM: E544656; N985023 [08°54'39"N, 080°35'38"W], 23 Aug 2009 (fr), B. Araúz &amp; J. De Gracia 2118 (MO). Panamá: Zona del Canal: Barro Colorado Island, Frank Drayton Trail, [09°09'15"N, 079°51'05"W], [10-150 m], 22 May 1968 (fl bud), T.B. Croat 5769 (MO); Barro Colorado Island, William Morton Wheeler Trail, [09°09'20"N, 079°51'10"W], [10-170 m], 22 Sep 1968 (fr), T.B. Croat 6295 (MO); Barro Colorado Island, Drayton House, [09°08'29"N, 079°50'35"W], [10 m], 28 Feb 1969 (st), T.B. Croat 8262 (MO); Barro Colorado Island, Drayton House, [09°08'29"N, 079°50'35"W], [10 m], 16 Jul 1970 (fr), T.B. Croat 11337 (F, MO); Drayton House, [09°08'29"N, 079°50'35"W], [0-5 m], 28 Aug 1970 (fr), T.B. Croat 11939 (MO); Barro Colorado Island, James Zetek Trail, [09°09'31"N, 079°52'05"W], [10-100 m], 07 Jun 1971 (♂ fl), T.B. Croat 14926 (F, GH, MO-2 sheets); Barro Colorado Island, Drayton House, 06 Jul 1969 (fr), R. Foster 1093 (F, GH); Pipeline Road, 4 mi. N of Gamboa, [09°10'N, 079°46'W], [50-100 m], 21 Dec 1971 (st), A.H. Gentry 3230 (MO); Pipeline Road, [09°10'N, 079°46'W], 100 m, 10 Aug 1971 (fr), E. Lao et al. 16 (GH, MO-2 sheets); Pipeline Road, 16.6 km from beginning of road, N along río Agua Salud, [09°14'38"N, 079°48'57"W], 0-100 m, 22 Sep 1974 (fr), S.A. Mori &amp; J.A. Kallunki 2039 (GH, MO); along río Mendosa near Pipeline Road, 8 km NW of Gamboa, [09°09'36"N, 079°44'44"W], 95 m, 01 Nov 1973 (fr), M. Nee 7743 (MO); Isla Barro Colorado, 120 m, 12 Oct 2006 (fr), R. Pérez &amp; S. Aguilar 1632 (MO); Barro Colorado Island, W of Drayton House, [09°08'29"N, 079°50'35"W], [0-10 m], 16 Feb 1932 (♀ fl), R.H. Woodworth &amp; P.A. Vestal 605 (A, MO).</p> <p>The pseudarils of Protium costaricense are reported to have a pleasant flavor (L.J. Poveda 3663, USJ).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E580C4D74F4558E87E1956513BC4BFE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel;Lagomarsino, Laura P.	Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel, Lagomarsino, Laura P. (2017): Two new species and a new combination in Protium (Burseraceae) from Costa Rica. PhytoKeys 76: 89-113, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.76.10298, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.76.10298
