taxonID	type	description	language	source
5242DB3C8923B2458682769EFB96FE0D.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Abyssocythere casca Benson, 1971 (by original designation) Additional valid species. (listed by original binomina in alphabetical order of the species epithet) (Brandão et al. 2015; Kempf, 1986, 1988, 1994, 1995, 1996 a, b, 2002, 2004, 2008 a, b) Abyssocythere atlantica Benson, 1971; Abyssocythere australis Benson, 1971; Abyssocythere bilobata Colin, 1987; Abyssocythere braziliensis Benson in Benson & Peypouquet, 1983; Abyssocythere carpathica Pokorny, 1973; Abyssocythere casca Benson, 1971; Paleoabyssocythere cenozoica Benson, 1977; Cythereis contramaestrensis Luebimova & Sanchez, 1974; Bradleya (Quasibradleya) diagrenona Guernet, 1985; Abyssocythere japonica Benson, 1971; Abyssocythere pannucea Benson, 1971; Abyssocythere paratrinidadensis Boomer, 1999; Abyssocythere regalis Zhao in Wang et al. 1985; Abyssocythere scotti Yasuhara et al., 2015 and Abyssocythere bensoni sp. nov.	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C8923B2458682769EFB96FE0D.taxon	description	Additional unaccepted species (previously assigned to Abyssocythere, but currently accepted in other genera). (Brandão et al. 2015; Kempf, 1986, 1988, 1994, 1995, 1996 a, b, 2002, 2004, 2008 a, b) Abyssocythere squalidentata (Brady, 1880) nomen dubium according to Benson (1971); Abyssocythere antarctica (Neale, 1967) accepted as Austrotrachyleberis antarctica (Neale, 1967); Abyssocythere trinidadensis (Bold, 1957) accepted as Paleoabyssocythere trinidadensis (Bold, 1957). Abyssocythere sulcatoperforata (Brady, 1880) (most probably a typographical mistake for Abyssocythereis sulcatoperforata) accepted as Protocythere sulcatoperforata (Brady, 1880) (new combination by Yasuhara et al., 2015). Abyssocythere bensoni sp. nov. (Figures 1, 5, 6, Table 1)	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C8923B2458682769EFB96FE0D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. An Abyssocythere species with sub-quadrate to sub-ovate outline in lateral view. Anterior and posterior cardinal angle with similar height. Lateral surface relatively level. Long spines present on anterior margin. Secondary reticulation conspicuous and rounded. Sub-central tubercle relatively small, but prominent. Derivation of name. In honor of the late Richard Benson for his outstanding contributions to deep-sea research, paleontology and ostracodology.	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C8923B2458682769EFB96FE0D.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype: 1 Subrecent right valve, ZMH K- 44856. Paratype (type locality): 1 Subrecent right valve, ZMH K- 44857. Stratigraphic and geographical occurrence. (locality 3 in Fig. 1 and Tab. 1). Quaternary. Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean 3631 to 3637 m depth (only known from the type locality). Type locality. Subrecent. ANDEEP I cruise, PS 61, ANT-XIX / 3, German Research Vessel Polarstern, station 129 - 2, Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean, 23.02.2002, supranet of the epibenthic sledge trawled from 59 ° 52.55 ' S, 59 ° 57.26 ' W, 3631 m to 59 ° 52.20 ' S, 59 ° 58.63 ' W, 3637 m.	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C8923B2458682769EFB96FE0D.taxon	description	Description. [Morphological terminology follows Benson 1971]. External view (Fig. 5). Lateral outline subquadrate to sub-ovate, anterior cardinal angle seems just slightly higher than posterior cardinal angle, but from the internal view, the anterior appears higher than the posterior, but the dorsal muri obscure this in external view. Reticulation well developed and finely sculptured with complete primary mural nets and secondary muri. Secondary ornamentation conspicuous, with evenly rounded pits on the entire lateral surface. Muscle-scar node a small, smooth bulbous prominence. Several conspicuous intramural pores present on valve surface. Anterior margin with reticulated rim, venter not rimmed and fairly straight, posterior margin rounded with several stubby A, C – F, holotype (ZMH K- 44856); B, paratype (ZMH K- 44857). A – B, entire right valves. C – G, details of valve ornamentation, C, postero-ventral region. D, antero-ventral region. E, detail of secondary ornamentation. F, secondary ornamentation and pore with seta. A, anterior hinge element of D. B, posterior hinge element of D. C, adductor and frontal muscle scars of D. D, entire right valve. spines, and not rimmed. Levatum (anterior reticulate complex) evenly reticulate, joining the rest of the reticulum without a noticeable change in relief. Ventrolateral ridge comprised of five rectangular fossae joined ventrally by a weak ventrolateral carina. Postsulcular node more conspicuous than other three (more posterior) intramural pore nodes. Very conspicuous, slightly sinuous gamos ridge running from postsulcular node to the posterodorsal bulla. Anterodorsal “ ear ” not conspicuous on RV. From the four mural processes of the dorsal bullae series, only A, B and the posterodorsal bulla are conspicuous. Mural process is blade-like, but very small. Shape of mural processes A and posterodorsal bulla also blade like, but large. Shape of mural process B ‘ spine-like’, pointed and elongated. Additional mural process (pointed in shape) present posterior to posterodorsal bulla. Posterior cardinal angle rounded and inconspicuous, hidden by the additional mural process. Internal view (Fig. 6). Outline sub-ovate, anterior considerably higher than posterior. Zone of concrescence narrow. Frontal scar possibly V-shaped (internal surface not very well preserved). There are four complete adductor muscle scars. Hinge merodont, with crenulate anterior and posterior elements. In right valve, anterior element has three large and two small crenulae; and posterior element has four large and two small crenulae. Measurements. HOLOTYPE (ZMH K- 44856), adult RV length 0.87 mm; height 0.52 mm. PARATYPE (ZMH K- 44857), adult RV length 1.07 mm; height 0.63 mm.	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C8923B2458682769EFB96FE0D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The lateral outline of Abyssocythere bensoni sp. nov. is more sub-quadrate, less elongate, and the anterior and posterior cardinal angles are more similar in height than Abyssocythere australis, Abyssocythere braziliensis, Abyssocythere casca, Abyssocythere cenozoica, Abyssocythere diagrenona, Abyssocythere japonica, Abyssocythere pannucea and Abyssocythere scotti. Additionally, A. australis, A. braziliensis, A. casca, A. cenozoica, A. diagrenona and Abyssocythere paratrinidadensis show more conspicuously elevated muri and dorsal bullae than the new species. Abyssocythere bensoni sp. nov. shows an evenly contoured lateral surface, while in Abyssocythere atlantica and Abyssocythere japonica the surface is sinuous due to the elevation of the ventrolateral area. The anterior rim of the new species is narrower and less conspicuous than A. japonica. Additionally, A. bensoni sp. nov. differs from A. japonica in the gamos ridge, which in the latter joins two other prominent vertical posterodorsal ridges, while in the former it is isolated from the other two ridges. Finally, A. bensoni sp. nov. differs from A. atlantica, A. japonica and A. pannucea Benson, 1971 in its slightly sinuous gamos ridge, which in the last three species “ bends sharply at least once throughout its extent ” (Benson, 1971).	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C8928B24586827280FC85F84C.taxon	description	1880 Cythere squalidentata Brady: 110, pl. 23.8 a – 8 d 1971 Abyssocythere squalidentata; Benson: 8, pl. 1.9 1976 Cythere squalidentata Brady; Puri & Hulings: 289, pl. 16.3 – 16.5	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C8928B24586827280FC85F84C.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Lectotype NHM 81.5.29. A (SNB added the “ A ” after the collection number): One closed, Subrecent carapace (i. e. left and right valves) on a white, paper micropalaeontological slide labelled “ 173, Cythere squalidentata Brady, H. S. Puri 9 / 67, Photo 386 – 388, T, Lectoholotype, 102, 1 RLV, “ Challenger ”, No. 323, Depth 1900, tow net, 81.5.29. A ” — This specimen was studied and illustrated with an optical microscope by Benson (1971, pl. 1.9) and Puri & Hulings (1976: 289, pl. 16.3 – 16.5). Stratigraphic and geographical occurrence. (locality 7 in Fig. 1 and Tab. 1) Quaternary. Southwestern Atlantic. 3475 m depth (only known from the type locality). Type locality (Brady 1880: 110). Subrecent. Southwestern Atlantic. Challenger Expedition 1873 – 1876, station 323, sounding 473, 35 ° 39 ' S, 50 ° 47 ' W, Rio de la Plata to Tristan da Cunha, 1900 fathoms (3475 m).	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C8928B24586827280FC85F84C.taxon	description	Measurements. LECTOTYPE (7), LV length 0.39 mm; height 0.28 mm. RV length 0.39 mm; height 0.28 mm.	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C8928B24586827280FC85F84C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Benson (1971) considered this species a nomen dubium, since the lectotype is a juvenile (very small size and much higher anteriorly). We did not separate its two valves in order to observe the inner lamella (which indicates the instar stage of an ostracod), because of its very small size and the consequent risk of damaging it. Herein, we provide the first SEMs of the lectotype of this species (Fig. 7). A – B, lectotype (NHM 81.5.29. A): A, right valve; B, left valve. Figure license: Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike (CC BY-NC-SA). Copyright: Trustees of The Natural History Museum, London.	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C8929B246868273EDFD2AFD9C.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Dutoitella dutoiti Dingle, 1981 (by original designation). Additional species (listed by original binomina in alphabetical order of the species epithet) (Brandão et al. 2015; Kempf, 1986, 1988, 1994, 1995, 1996 a, b, 2002, 2004, 2008 a, b) Dutoitella atlantiformis Yasuhara et al., 2015; Dutoitella ayressi Yasuhara et al., 2015; Dutoitella colesi Yasuhara et al., 2015; Cythereis crassinodosa Guernet, 1985; Dutoitella cronini Yasuhara et al., 2015; Dutoitella dinglei Guernet et al., 2001; Atlanticythere eocenica Benson, 1977; Dutoitella lesleyae Dingle, 2003; Dutoitella mazziniae Yasuhara et al., 2015; Dutoitella mimica Dingle, 1981; Atlanticythere neogenica Benson, 1977; Dutoitella paradinglei Yasuhara et al., 2015; Dutoitella praesuhmi Coles & Whatley, 1989; Dutoitella spinaplana Mazzini, 2005; Dutoitella spinosa Yasuhara, et al., 2015; Cythere suhmi Brady, 1880; Dutoitella symmetrica Yasuhara et al., 2015; Dutoitella whatleyi Yasuhara et al., 2015; Dutoitella karanovicae sp. nov. and Dutoitella richarddinglei sp. nov.	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C8929B246868273EDFD2AFD9C.taxon	description	Additional unaccepted species (previously assigned to Dutoitella, but currently accepted in other genera). (Brandão et al. 2015; Kempf 1986, 1988, 1994, 1995, 1996 a, b, 2002, 2004, 2008 a, b) Dutoitella hampdenensis Ayress, 1993 accepted as Taracythere hampdenensis; Trachyleberis proterva Hornibrook, 1953 accepted as Taracythere proterva. Dutoitella karanovicae sp. nov. (Figures 2, 8, Table 1)	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C8929B246868273EDFD2AFD9C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A Dutoitella species with sub-oval lateral outline and almost smooth lateral surface (primary and secondary ornamentation strongly reduced). Subcentral tubercle conspicuous but discrete. Anterior, ventral and posterior margins evenly rounded, dorsal margin slightly sinuous. Derivation of name. In honor of Prof. Dr Ivana Karanovic (Hanyang University, South Korea) for her outstanding contributions to ostracodology.	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C8929B246868273EDFD2AFD9C.taxon	materials_examined	Material. One Subrecent (= without soft parts) adult and one “ live ” (= with soft parts) (A- 1), four Subrecent (= empty) valves. 1) HOLOTYPE. A adult (SNB 0079): 1 originally closed carapace (right and left valves) on a micropalaeontological slide, both coated for SEM (ZMH K- 44863).	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C8929B246868273EDFD2AFD9C.taxon	description	2) PARATYPES (type locality): A “ live ” specimen (A- 1) (SNB 0068) on two slides: valves on a micropalaeontological slide (ZMH K- 44864 a) and soft parts mounted in Hydromatrix permanent medium on a glass slide (ZMH K- 44864 b); 1 closed adult carapace (right and left valves), 1 adult right valve and 1 adult left valve on a micropalaeontological slide (ZMH K- 44864 c). Stratigraphic and geographical occurrence (locality 4 in Fig. 2 and Tab. 1). Quaternary and Recent, Scotia Sea, Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean, 2965 to 2962 m depth (only known from the type locality).	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C8929B246868273EDFD2AFD9C.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Recent and Subrecent. ANDEEP II cruise, PS 61, ANT-XIX / 4, German Research Vessel Polarstern, station 140 - 9, off South Sandwich Islands (off Montangu Island), Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean, 23.03.2002, epibenthic sledge trawled from 58 ° 15.21 ' S, 24 ° 52.90 ' W, 2965 m to 58 ° 16.29 ' S, 24 ° 54.10 ' W, 2962 m.	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C8929B246868273EDFD2AFD9C.taxon	description	Description. In lateral view (Fig. 8. A – 8. D), rounded anterior and posterior margins without prominent spines or tubercles. Straight ventral margin, dorsal outline sinuous because of small tubercles. Anterior and posterior marginal rim present, but subdued. Very small tubercles present on both anterior and posterior margins. Ventrolateral ridge oblique to the ventral margin, spines or tubercles absent. Dorsal margin is surmounted by a weak ridge on which are situated three low tubercles and a small anterior ridge. There is an indistinct, low subcentral tubercle, and a smaller, elongate, smooth node at about the anterior three-quarters length. Surface ornamentation present, but faint, weakly ornamented with fine muri, especially posteriorly. Fossae absent. Ventral surface has only the ventrolateral ridge (see above), other longitudinal ridges absent. Internal features (Fig. 8. E – 8. F): Outline sub-oval, anterior cardinal angle obtuse, only slightly elevated compared to posterior cardinal angle. Hinge amphidont, anterior element bi-furcated. Muscle scars poorly preserved, details not known. Zone of concrescence moderately wide, no vestibule. Type locality. Recent. Southern Ocean, Scotia Sea, off South Sandwich Islands (off Montangu Island), German Research Vessel Polarstern, ANDEEP II cruise, PS 61, ANT-XIX / 4, station 140 - 9, 23.03.2002, epibenthic sledge trawled from 58 ° 15.21 ' S, 24 ° 52.90 ' W, 2965 m to 58 ° 16.29 ' S, 24 ° 54.10 ' W, 2962 m. A – B, E – H, holotype (ZMH K- 44863, SNB 0079); C – D, paratype (ZMH K- 44864 a, SNB 0068). A – D, external view of right and left valves. E – H, internal view of right valve; E, entire valve; F, muscle scar pattern; G – H, anterior and posterior hinge elements. Measurements. HOLOTYPE (ZMH K- 44863), adult RV: length 1.11 mm; height 0.58 mm; LV length 1.11 mm; height 0.64 mm. PARATYPE (ZMH K- 44864 a), (A- 1) RV: length 0.94 mm; height 0.53 mm; LV length 0.94 mm; height 0.56 mm.	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C8929B246868273EDFD2AFD9C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Dutoitella karanovicae sp. nov. differs from most Dutoitella species in its almost smooth valve surface (i. e., Dutoitella atlantiformis, Dutoitella ayressi, Dutoitella colesi, Dutoitella crassinodosa, Dutoitella cronini, Dutoitella dinglei, Dutoitella eocenica, Dutoitella lesleyae, Dutoitella mazziniae, Dutoitella mimica, Dutoitella neogenica, Dutoitella paradinglei, Dutoitella praesuhmi, Dutoitella richarddinglei sp. nov., Dutoitella symmetrica, Dutoitella spinaplana, Dutoitella spinosa, Dutoitella suhmi, Dutoitella whatleyi). Although a few species (e. g., Dutoitella lesleyae, D. paradinglei, D. symmetrica) also show reduced ornamentation, they all show more conspicuous reticulation and / or tubercles than the new species. Dutoitella lesleyae is very similar to D. karanovicae sp. nov., but they differ in the valves’ outline. The former species shows a more sinuous outline, with conspicuously protruding tubercles and nodes.	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C892BB25F868271FAFE90FAAD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A Dutoitella species with sub-oval outline, angulate primary reticulation and lack of secondary reticulation. Dorsal margin carries four or five bullae. Anterior marginal rim conspicuous, and numerous blade-like or conical spines on the anterior and posterior margins. Derivation of name. In honor of Richard V. Dingle for his outstanding contributions to ostracodology, micropalaeontology and palaeoenvironmental sciences.	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C892BB25F868271FAFE90FAAD.taxon	materials_examined	Material. (see Tab. 1) Two “ live ” (= with soft parts) males, seven Subrecent valves. 1) HOLOTYPE — One male (SNB 0293) on two slides: dissected soft parts mounted in Hydromatrix permanent medium on a glass slide (ZMH K- 44858 a); 1 right valve and 1 left valve on a micropalaeontological slide, both coated for SEM (ZMH K- 44858 b).	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C892BB25F868271FAFE90FAAD.taxon	description	2) PARATYPES (type locality) — 1 male (SNB 0294) on two slides: dissected soft parts mounted in Hydromatrix permanent medium on a glass slide (ZMH K- 44859 a); 1 right valve and 1 left valve on a micropalaeontological slide, both coated for SEM (ZMH K- 44859 b). 1 adult right valve, 1 juvenile right valve (ZMH K- 44860). 3) PARATYPES (other localities) — (A) ANDEEP III, station 80 - 6: 1 left and 1 right valves on a micropalaeontological slide (ZMH K- 44861). (B) ANDEEP III, station 81 - 9: 1 left and 2 right valves on a micropalaeontological slide (ZMH K- 44862). Stratigraphic and geographical occurrence. (localities 1 to 3 in Fig. 2 and Tab. 1) Quaternary and living. Scotia and Weddell seas, Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean, 2970 to 4384 m depth.	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C892BB25F868271FAFE90FAAD.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Recent and Subrecent. ANDEEP I cruise, PS 61, ANT-XIX / 3, German Research Vessel Polarstern, station 129 - 2, Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean, 23.02.2002, epibenthic sledge (suprabenthic net) trawled from 59 ° 52.55 ' S, 59 ° 57.26 ' W, 3631 m to 59 ° 52.20 ' S, 59 ° 58.63 ' W, 3637 m. Other localities. Recent. ANDEEP III cruise, 2005, PS 67, ANT-XXII / 3, German Research Vessel Polarstern, stations 80 - 6 and 81 - 9, Northeastern Weddell sea, Southern Ocean (see Tab. 1 for details).	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C892BB25F868271FAFE90FAAD.taxon	description	Description. In lateral view (Fig. 9), rounded anterior and posterior margins with numerous blade-like or conical spines and tubercles. Convex ventral margin, dorsal outline sinuous because of anterior and posterior cardinal angles and spines and tubercles. Anterior and posterior marginal rims conspicuous. Dorsal margin with four or five bullae. Ventrolateral ridge not conspicuous, terminating in a conical spine. There is a conspicuous, large, smooth subcentral tubercle, but no posterior node. Surface ornamentation conspicuous, angulate and homogenous across the lateral surface of the valves. Muri narrow but prominent. Ventral surface with only ventrolateral ridge, other longitudinal ridges absent. In internal view (Fig. 10, 11. A), outline sub-ovate with wide zone of concrescence anteriorly and posteriorly. Hinge amphidont; all the elements are smooth. Muscle scar pattern consist of four elongate adductor scars, and bisected frontal scar. Antennula with 6 articulated segments (Fig. 11. B). Segment I long, sub-rectangular without setae. Segment II long, sub-rectangular with 1 dorso-proximal, 3 ventral setae; barbulae present dorso-proximally and dorso-distally. A – B, E – F, male holotype (ZMH K- 44858 b, SNB 0293); C – D, male paratype (ZMH K- 44858 b, SNB 0294). Subrecent. Southern Ocean, Weddell Sea, German Research Vessel Polarstern, ANDEEP III cruise, PS 67, ANT-XXII / 3, station 80 - 6, 22.02.2005, Agassiz trawl deployed from 70 ° 39.37 ' S, 14 ° 43.51 ' W, 3095 m to 70 ° 40.48 ' S, 14 ° 43.77 ' W, 2970 m. G, Subrecent paratype (ZMH K- 44861). A – D, entire right and left valves. E – G, details of valve ornamentation, E, dorsal region. F, anterior region. G, posterior region.	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C892BB25F868271FAFE90FAAD.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Recent. Southern Ocean, Scotia Sea, German Research Vessel Polarstern, ANDEEP I cruise, PS 61, ANT-XIX / 3, station 129 - 2 - S, 23.02.2002, epibenthic sledge trawled from 59 ° 52.55 ' S, 59 ° 57.26 ' W, 3631 m to 59 ° 52.20 ' S, 59 ° 58.63 ' W, 3637 m. A – E, G – H, male holotype (ZMH K- 44858 b, SNB 0293); F, Subrecent (A- 1) paratype (ZMH K- 44860). A – F, left valves; A, F, entire valve; B, medial hinge element; C, posterior hinge element; D, anterior hinge element; E, adductor and frontal muscle scar pattern. G – H, male copulatory limbs and uropodal lamellae. Type locality. Recent. Southern Ocean, Scotia Sea, German Research Vessel Polarstern, ANDEEP I cruise, PS 61, ANT-XIX / 3, station 129 - 2 - S, 23.02.2002, epibenthic sledge trawled from 59 ° 52.55 ' S, 59 ° 57.26 ' W, 3631 m to 59 ° 52.20 ' S, 59 ° 58.63 ' W, 3637 m. A, basis and palp (setae of palp segments I and II removed); B, palp segments I (long, plumose, distal seta removed, see D); C, palp segment II; D, long, plumose, distal seta of palp segment I. Exopodite missing. Segment III short, sub-quadrate with 1 dorso-distal seta. Segment IV sub-trapezoidal with 2 dorso-distal and 1 ventro-distal setae. Segment V short, sub-rectangular with 2 dorso-distal claws and 1 distal seta. Segment VI subrectangular with 2 distal claws and one bifurcate seta (arrow in Fig. 11. B) Segment I of antenna short with 3 minute, ventral setae. Segment II elongate, sub-rectangular without setae (Fig. 11. C). Suture between segments II and III conspicuous. Exopodite with a simple, medium-sized seta. Endopodite with 4 segments, segments 2 and 3 fused. Segment III (= endopodite segment I) short, subtriangular with 1 very long, ventral seta. Segment IV (endopodite segment II) with 2 ventro-distal claws. Segment V (endopodite segment III) with 2 ventro-distal claws and one dorsal, short seta. Segment VI (endopodite segment VI) with 1 long claw. Mandibula (Fig. 12) consists of a sclerotized masticatory process (i. e. medial region of the coxa) with about 6 teeth (Fig. 12. A), 2 short, distal seta, and a segmented palp. Mandibular palp consists of a basis (basipodite of some authors), an exopodite (or vibratory plate) with several setae (missing in Fig. 12), and a 2 - segmented endopodite (Fig. 12. A). Segment II (= palp Segment I, or basis) thick, irregular in shape: (1) ventrally with 2 medium-sized, simple setae, 1 short, simple seta, and 1 long, plumose seta; (2) distally with 1 medium-sized and one very long, plumose setae, 1 short, simple seta, and 3 long, simple setae (Fig. 12. B, 12. D). Segment III (= palp Segment II, or endopodite segment I) elongate, sub-rectangular with several ventral barbulae, one long, ventro-distal seta, one short, ventro-distal plumose seta, and 6 dorso-distal setae of variable lengths (Fig. 12. C). Segment IV (= palp Segment III, or endopodite segment II) with 2 plumose, long setae, and 1 medium-sized, simple seta (Fig. 12. A). Maxillula (Fig. 13) basis with three endites (or masticatory lobes, or masticatory processes), a 2 - segmented endopodite (= palp), and a well developed exopodite (or vibratory plate). The exopodite with about 15 “ Strahlen ” plus several dorso-proximal barbulae (Fig. 13. A). Endite I (dorsal) and II with around 5 setae each (Fig. 13. A). Endite III (ventral) with 1 long, distal seta (Fig. 13. B). Segment II (or segment I of palp), dorso-distally with 1 thick, long claw, 2 medium-sized claws, and 2 short setae (Fig. 13. C). Segment III (or segment II of palp) with 3 medium-sized setae. Palp considerably thicker than endites (Fig. 13. C). Segment I of the fifth limb dorso-proximally with 2 medium-sized, simple setae and 1 shorter dorso-distal seta; ventrally with barbulae (Fig. 14. A). Segment II dorso-distally with 1 short seta. Segment III without setae. Segment IV distally with 1 long claw. Segment I of sixth limb dorsally with 1 medium-sized, simple setae, and distally with 2 short setae (Fig. 14. A, 14. B). Segment II dorso-distally with 1 short seta. Segment III without setae. Segment IV distally with 1 long claw. Segment I of seventh limb dorsally with 1 long seta; distally with 1 medium-sized, simple setae. Segment II dorso-distally with 2 short setae (Fig. 14. A). Segment III distally with 1 minute seta. Segment IV distally with 1 minute seta and 1 long claw. Each uropodal lamella reduced to 2 medium-sized, simple setae. Basal capsule of male copulatory limb sub-trapezoidal with a sharpened, distal end (Fig. 10. G – 10. H). Labyrinth coiled and heavily sclerotized. Copulatory process short and sinuous. Distal lobe attached posteriorly to basal capsule and composed of one posterior, suboval part and one elongated ventro-proximal, elongated part.	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C892BB25F868271FAFE90FAAD.taxon	description	Measurements. HOLOTYPE (ZMH K- 44858 b; SNB 0 293), adult male RV: length 1.08 mm; height 0.63 mm; LV length 1.11 mm; height 0.70 mm. PARATYPES (ZMH K- 44861; SNB 0294), RV length 1.11 mm; height 0.70 mm; LV length 1.10 mm; height 0.64 mm. PARATYPE (ZMH K- 44860), (A- 1) LV length 0.93 mm; height 0.59 mm.	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C892BB25F868271FAFE90FAAD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Dutoitella richarddinglei sp. nov. has valves with more suboval outlines than Dutoitella atlantiformis, Dutoitella colesi, Dutoitella crassinodosa, Dutoitella dinglei, Dutoitella eocenica, Dutoitella lesleyae, Dutoitella mazziniae, Dutoitella mimica, Dutoitella neogenica, Dutoitella paradinglei, Dutoitella praesuhmi, Dutoitella symmetrica, Dutoitella spinosa, Dutoitella whatleyi. Additionally, Dutoitella richarddinglei sp. nov. is similar to Dutoitella suhmi, but the former shows an homogeneous, angulate secondary ornamentation, lacks the rounded tertiary ornamentation on the lateral surface, and shows a less conspicuous anterior marginal rim. Dutoitella richarddinglei sp. nov. differs from Dutoitella ayressi in its conspicuous dorsal tubercles. Dutoitella richarddinglei sp. nov. is very similar to Dutoitella cronini, but the latter shows ventrolateral blade-like tubercles, which are absent in the new species. Finally, Dutoitella richarddinglei sp. nov. is more elongate than D. spinaplana.	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C8932B25E8682762AFC82F804.taxon	description	1880 in part Cythere suhmi Brady: 106 – 107, pl. 26,? figs. 3. a – h. 2002 Dutoitella sp. 4194 Dingle: Tab. 1. 2003 Dutoitella lesleyae Dingle: 146, pl. 4, figs. 14 – 18.	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C8932B25E8682762AFC82F804.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Paralectotypes of Dutoitella suhmi (Brady, 1880): 7 valves. NHM 1961.12.4.24. A (SNB added the “ A ” after the collection number): three coated, Subrecent valves on a white, paper micropalaeontological slide labelled “ 173, Cythere suhmi Brady, 92, “ Challenger ”, D. 50 – 150, off Pr. Edwd. Is., 1961.12.4.24 ” (locality 5 in fig. 2 and tab. 1). NHM 1961.12.4.24. C (SNB added the “ C ” after the collection number): Four Subrecent valves (+ 12 valves of “ Cythere polytrema B. ”) on a brown, paper micropalaeontological slide labelled “ 1 Cythere polytrema, B., n. sp., 2 Cythere suhmi n. sp., 1961.12.4.24, 1., 2., “ CHALLENGER ” No., Depth 50 – 150 faths., off Pr. Edwd. I., 173, G. S. Brady 26 / 12 / 74 ”.	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C8932B25E8682762AFC82F804.taxon	discussion	Remarks. After studying the paralectotypes of D. suhmi from the Southern Ocean (Prince Edward Island), we assign these last specimens to D. lesleyae and provide SEM photos from them (Fig. 15. C – E). Type locality (Brady, 1880: 25). Subrecent. Northwestern Pacific. Challenger Expedition 1873 – 1876, station 241, 35 ° 41 ' N, 157 ° 42 ' E, tow net, 23.06.1875, 2300 fathoms (4206 m). Dutoitella suhmi (Brady, 1880): A – B, lectotype, left valve (NHM 80.38.119. A): A, entire valve; B, anterior region of lateral surface. Subrecent. Southwestern Atlantic, Challenger Expedition 1873 – 1876, station 323, sounding 473, 35 ° 39 ' S, 50 ° 47 ' W, 3475 m. Dutoitella lesleyae Dingle, 2003: C – D, Paralectotypes of Dutoitella suhmi (Brady, 1880) (NHM 1961.12.4.24. A); C, E, right valve; D, left valve. Not types, material re-sorted from Challenger Expedition sediment sample, station off Prince Edward’s island (sediment sample M- 169 from the NHM collection). Cytheroidea sp.: F, left valve (NHM 1961.12.4.24. B). [Probably a juvenile of Cativella]. Figure license: Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike (CC BY-NC-SA). Copyright: Trustees of The Natural History Museum, London	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C8934B259868273E2FC74F9D4.taxon	description	1880 in part Cythere suhmi Brady: 106 – 107. pl. 26,? figs. 3. a – h. 1887? Cythere suhmii Id., Brady: 165. 1963? in part Cythere suhmi; Bate: 81, tab. 1. 1976 in part Cythere suhmi; Puri & Hulings: 290 – 291, pl. 17.7 – 12, fig. 10. 1979 non Cythere suhmi; Ducasse & Peypouquet: 2.5 – 2.6. 1987? “ Suhmicythere ” suhmi (Brady); Whatley & Coles: 96, pl. 6.18 – 6.21. 1988? “ Suhmicythere ” suhmi (Brady, 1880); Whatley & Ayress (no illustration) 1989 non Dutoitella suhmi (Brady); Dingle et al. (no illustration) 1990 non Dutoitella suhmi (Brady 1880); Dingle & Lord: fig. 2.10 1990 non Dutoitella suhmi (Brady); Dingle et al.: 290, fig. 27 e – f, tab. 1 1990? Dutoitella suhmi (Brady); Coles et al. (no illustration) 1991? Dutoitella suhmi (Brady 1880); Whatley & Coles:? fig. 4,? Appendix 2. 1997? Dutoitella suhmi (Brady 1880); Ay ress et al. (no illustration) 1999? Dutoitella suhmi (Brady 1880); Whatley & Roberts (no illustration) 2003 Dutoitella suhmi (Brady); Dingle: 149, pl. 5.1 (lectotype) 2004? Dutoitella suhmi (Brady); Ayress et al.: tab. 3 (no illustration) 2005 Dutoitella suhmi (Brady 1880); Mazzini: 73 – 74, fig. 41. 2009 non Dutoitella suhmi (Brady 1880); Alvarez Zarikian et al.: pl. P 5.6 – 5.7; Alvarez Zarikian: pl. 5.6 – 5.7 2010 non Dutoitella suhmi (Brady 1880); Bergue & Govindan: 752, fig. 3.20 2015 non Dutoitella suhmi (Brady 1880); Alvarez Zarikian: pl. 8.7 – 8.8.	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C8934B259868273E2FC74F9D4.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Lectotype NHM 80.38.119. A (SNB added the “ A ” after the collection number): One Subrecent, coated LV on a white, paper micropalaeontological slide labelled “ 173, Cythere suhmi Brady, H. S. Puri 7 / 6 7, Lectoholotype, T, 116, “ Challenger ”, D. 2300, # 241 (in pencil), 80.38.119. A ” – This specimen was illustrated by Mazzini (2005, p. 73 – 74, fig. 41). Stratigraphic and geographical occurrence. (locality 6 in Fig. 2 and Tab. 1). Subrecent, Northwestern Pacific, 4206 m depth (only known from the type locality). Type locality. (Brady, 1880: 25) Subrecent. Northwestern Pacific. Challenger Expedition 1873 – 1876, station 241, 35 ° 41 ' N, 157 ° 42 ' E, tow net, 23.06.1875, 2300 fathoms (4206 m).	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C8934B259868273E2FC74F9D4.taxon	description	Measurements. LECTOTYPE (NHM 80.38.119. A), Subrecent LV length 1.27 mm; height 0.75 mm.	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
5242DB3C8934B259868273E2FC74F9D4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Although Puri & Hulings (1976, p. 290) and Mazzini (2005, p. 73) record the lectotype with 2 valves (1 left and 1 right), one of us (SNB) could only find one coated left valve in the slide labelled with “ Lectotype NHM 80.38.119. A ” (SNB added the “ A ” after the collection number). The left valve recorded by Puri & Hulings (1976) as ‘ topotypic’ material (‘ BM 1974.289 ’) come from the Southern Ocean (Challenger station ‘ off Prince Edward Island, 50 to 150 fath. ”) instead of the Northwestern Pacific (as the lectotype). This left valve is probably lost, since the slide present in the Challenger collection and labelled with the number 1974.289 is empty (see below). Our measurements are considerably different than the ones published previously, i. e. length LV 1.15; height 0.68 mm (Puri & Hulings, 1976). Further paralectotypes of Dutoitella suhmi (i. e., specimens studied and identifed by Brady in 1880 as Cythere suhmi) are herein identified as Dutoitella sp. (see Fig 15. C – E). Finally, the specimens sorted in the 70 ’ s from the Challenger sediment sample M- 169 by Puri and identified as Cythere suhmi do not belong to Dutoitella, but to another cytheroidean genus (see Fig 15. F and section Cytheroidea sp. below).	en	Brandão, Simone N., Stuhlmann, Annalena, Vital, Helenice, Brandt, Angelika (2016): Biogeography of Abyssocythere and Dutoitella (Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4139 (3): 391-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.4
