identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
510FEC4E8B4C905CFD7EFD181102FEFD.text	510FEC4E8B4C905CFD7EFD181102FEFD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haliclona (Flagellia) Van Soest 2017	<div><p>Flagellia subgen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B6ABC6E8-EF63-4D79-A636-B3348CC80D3A</p><p>Type species</p><p>Haliclona (Flagellia) indonesiae subgen. et sp. nov.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The name is derived from the Latin word ‘ flagellum ’, meaning ‘whip’, which refers to the whip-like flagellosigma.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Haliclona -like sponges possessing a spiculation of oxeas, flagellosigmas (asymmetrical sigmas with unequal length and unequal shape of inward curved endings) and symmetrical (normal-shaped) sigmas. Skeletal reticulation loosely organized, unispicular, paucispicular or polyspicular, bound by variable amounts of spongin.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This subgenus shares with mainstream Haliclona species a skeleton in which the ascending spicule tracts are interconnected by single megascleres. There is usually no distinct detachable ectosomal skeleton, although tangential arrangement of the oxeas at the surface is common. The choanosomal skeleton tends to be very loosely organized, verging to confused. In that aspect it conforms most closely to species of the subgenus Gellius, but in that subgenus the sigmas are symmetrical and often angular. Although symmetrical normal sigmas are part of the spicule complement of the new subgenus, these are never angular. The habitus of members of the subgenus varies strongly, from small crusts to elaborate plates or arborescent forms. Association with other sponges or other sessile organisms appears common.</p><p>The subgenus is found all over the world’s oceans. The depth occurrence is wide, but so far is confined to coastal, continental platform and upper bathyal waters.</p><p>Ten species are recognized here, four of which are new to science, one is given a new name due to junior homonymy, and one remains unnamed due to limited available material. From the historical overview presented above it is likely that several more species will be found to be extant.</p><p>It would perhaps have been logical to choose Haliclona (Flagellia) flagellifera as the type species for the new subgenus as it is the most closely associated name to species belonging to Flagellia subgen. nov. (cf. the historical overview above). However, the holotype of H. (F.) indonesiae sp. nov. was collected</p><p>recently and is also quite large in size making subsampling for DNA sequencing a viable option for nearfuture phylogenetic studies of the position of Flagellia subgen. nov. in the order Haplosclerida .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/510FEC4E8B4C905CFD7EFD181102FEFD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Van Soest, Rob W. M.	Van Soest, Rob W. M. (2017): Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida). European Journal of Taxonomy 351: 1-48, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.351
510FEC4E8B4D9059FE0DFE7C10E8FB7C.text	510FEC4E8B4D9059FE0DFE7C10E8FB7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haliclona (Flagellia) indonesiae Van Soest 2017	<div><p>Haliclona (Flagellia) indonesiae subgen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FB7CAF59-769C-491C-B5AE-BB37E5C5121C</p><p>Figs 4–5</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after the country where the holotype was collected.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>INDONESIA: North Sulawesi, Manado, coral reef, depth 18 m, coll. N.J. de Voogd, field number MD09/160502/061, 16 May 2002 (RMNH Por. 2326).</p><p>Paratype</p><p>INDONESIA: Ambon, Ambon Bay near Eri, 3.75° S, 128.1333° E, sandy bay with patch reefs, depth 4–6 m, coll. R.W.M. Van Soest, field number 006/III/15, 5 Sep. 1984 (ZMA Por. 08160).</p><p>Additional specimens examined</p><p>INDONESIA: Lesser Sunda Islands, Lombok, Bay of Pidjot, 8.8108° S, 116.5224° E, 22 m depth, dredge, coll. Siboga Exped. stat. 033, 24 Mar. 1899 (ZMA Por. 01233); Lesser Sunda Islands, Sumba, Bay of Nangamessi, 9.6456° S, 120.2642° E, 0–36 m depth, dredge, coll. Siboga Exped. stat. 053, 21 Apr. 1899 (ZMA Por. 01234); Timor Leste, Timor, S coast, 8.6566° S, 127.0733° E, 34 m depth, dredge, coll. Siboga Exped. stat. 285, 18 Jan. 1900 (ZMA Por. 01235).</p><p>AUSTRALIA: a likely Australian specimen (unpublished, not examined by me, identification based on in situ, on deck and light microscopic images provided), NW Australia, Woodside Kimberley Survey 2012, station 115/K12, depth 16.6 m, coll. O.A. Gomez, 22 Oct. 2012 (WAM Z54639).</p><p>Description</p><p>The holotype (Fig. 4A, A 1, A 2) is a large plate-like sponge, tending to form a very shallow cup with folding sides. Size 25 × 20 cm, less than 1 cm thick. Color pinkish cream alive, orange-cream in alcohol. Surface smooth, riddled with rounded holes in life, but these contract in alcohol. A few oscules of about 5 mm are present. Consistency firm. The paratype (Fig. 4B) is broken into three flat fragments, but together these comprise also a large plate-like sponge. The life color was noted as light brown, but in alcohol it is slightly darker brown. Surface is similarly smooth and no oscules are apparent. The additional specimens are smaller flat encrustations.</p><p>SKELETON (Fig. 5 A–B). A confused system of pauci- to polyspicular ascending spicule tracts and interconnecting spicules. Superficial spicule tracts are often consolidated by some spongin, which occasionally envelops tracts entirely, but interiorly spongin is rare and only binding. Loose megascleres are common.</p><p>OXEAS (Fig. 5 C–C1). Curved, sharply pointed, 189– 249 –318 × 8– 12. 4 –18 μm.</p><p>FLAGELLOSIGMAS (Fig. 5 D–E). Predominantly circular or ovoid. Curvature of long ending rather sharply bent and long upturned (Fig. 5D 1), of short ending deeply bent (Fig. 5D 2), varying from narrow to wide.</p><p>In a single large size range, length of long ending 85– 101 –114 μm, length of short ending 58– 69 –77 μm, width 63– 78 –87 μm, thickness 1.5– 2. 1 –2.5 μm.</p><p>NORMAL SIGMAS (Fig. 5F). A single category, small and thin, in a large size range, but not clearly divisible, 14– 25. 6 –42 × 0.5– 0. 94 –1.5 μm</p><p>Distribution and ecology</p><p>Indonesia: Manado, Ambon, Lesser Sunda Islands (Lombok, Sumba); Timor Leste; NW Australia (Marine Ecoregions Celebes Sea, Banda Sea, Lesser Sunda, Bonaparte Coast), on reefs at depths of 4– 36 m.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>In spicule shapes and sizes the new species is extremely close to Indonesian Haliclona (Flagellia) hamata (Thiele, 1903) (see below). The shapes and sizes of the flagellosigmas are virtually identical, and the length of the small normal sigmas is similar. However, there are three distinct differences: the body shape of H. (F.) hamata is digitate to arborescent, the oxeas are larger and especially thicker (264–425 × 13–24 μm), and the normal sigmas are considerably more robust (thickness 1.5–2.5 μm). The combination of these differences confirms the specific status of the two sympatric species. A third Indonesian species H. (F.) hentscheli nom. nov. (see below) differs clearly in having two size categories of flagellosigmas and normal sigmas, and smaller and thinner oxeas.</p><p>The presence of this species in NW Australia is here reported on the basis of a photo of an in situ specimen, a photo of an ‘on deck’ labeled fragment of that specimen, and a light microscopic photo of the skeleton and spicules made from the fragment. These images were graciously provided by one of the manuscript reviewers. Although I did not study the material myself, the images provided sufficient evidence for a positive identification as Haliclona (Flagellia) indonesiae subgen. et sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/510FEC4E8B4D9059FE0DFE7C10E8FB7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Van Soest, Rob W. M.	Van Soest, Rob W. M. (2017): Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida). European Journal of Taxonomy 351: 1-48, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.351
510FEC4E8B48905AFE65FAFD1549FE01.text	510FEC4E8B48905AFE65FAFD1549FE01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haliclona (Flagellia) hamata (Thiele 1903) Van Soest 2017	<div><p>Haliclona (Flagellia) hamata (Thiele, 1903) subgen. et comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 6–8</p><p>Gelliodes hamata Thiele, 1903: 942, fig. 7.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>INDONESIA: fragment of holotype, Halmahera, Ternate, shallow depth (SMF 1640); Papua, Aru Islands, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.8/lat -9.95)">Pearl Banks</a>, anchorage off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.8/lat -9.95)">Pulu Jedan</a>, 5.4134° S, 134.6677° E, 13 m depth, trawl, coll. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.8/lat -9.95)">Siboga Exped</a>. stat. 273, 23 Dec. 1899 (ZMA Por. 03041); Nusa Tenggara, NE coast of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.8/lat -9.95)">Sumba</a>, 9.95° S, 120.8° E, 50 m depth, coll. R. W.M. Van Soest, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.8/lat -9.95)">Agassiz</a> trawl, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.8/lat -9.95)">Snellius</a> II <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.8/lat -9.95)">Exped</a>. stat. 068/ V/16, 16 Sep. 1984 (ZMA Por. 09050a); Nusa Tenggara, NE coast of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.8/lat -9.95)">Sumba</a>, 9.95° S, 120.8° E, 50 m depth, coll. R. W.M. Van Soest, dredge, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.8/lat -9.95)">Snellius</a> II <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.8/lat -9.95)">Exped</a>. stat. 068/ V/12, 16 Sep. 1984 (ZMA Por. 09285).</p><p>Description</p><p>From a thickly encrusting base, the sponge issues upright branches, which may divide higher up. In the holotype these finger-shaped digitations are 2–2.5 × 0.7 cm in size (Thiele 1903), in ZMA 09285 (Fig. 7) the branches are up to 13 cm long and 1 cm in diameter, in ZMA Por. 09050a there are only lumpy fragments. The color is light brown or yellow-brown, both in situ and in alcohol. Surface optically smooth, with a few flush oscules of about 3 mm in diameter. There are encrusting bryozoans and hydroids (the holotype is described as bearing small stones and other foreign particles). Consistency firm.</p><p>SKELETON. Spongin encased fibers cored by one or mores oxeas are common, especially in the superficial region. Overall skeletal structure is a confused reticulation. Microscleres are relatively rare.</p><p>OXEAS (Figs 6 A–A1, 8A–A1). Curved, fusiform, robust, sharply pointed, 264– 343 –425 × 13– 18. 1 – 24 μm.</p><p>FLAGELLOSIGMAS (Figs 6 B–C, 8B–C). Predominantly circular to ovoid, with the long ending sharply curved and long-upturned, the short ending with narrow curve, in a single size range. Length of long-</p><p>ending 64– 103 –130 μm (holotype: 64–110 μm), length of short ending 40– 76 –96 μm (holotype 40– 81 μm), width 44– 89 –108 μm (holotype 44–95 μm), thickness 2– 2. 8 –4 μm (holotype 2–3.5 μm).</p><p>NORMAL SIGMAS (Figs 6D, 8D). Small, robust, in a limited size range, 15– 26. 1 –39 × 1.5– 2. 3 –3 μm (holotype: 15–33 × 2–2.5 μm).</p><p>Distribution and ecology</p><p>Indonesia: Ternate, Aru Islands, Sumba (Marine Ecoregions Halmahera, Arafura Sea and Lesser Sunda), on reefs and sand bottoms, shallow water down to 50 m depth.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>As discussed above, this species is distinguished primarily by a digitate-arborescent habitus from the very similar but plate-like morphology of H. (F.) indonesiae sp. nov. The flagellosigmas of the present species are also subtly larger and thicker than those of the new species; the normal sigmas are distinctly more robust.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/510FEC4E8B48905AFE65FAFD1549FE01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Van Soest, Rob W. M.	Van Soest, Rob W. M. (2017): Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida). European Journal of Taxonomy 351: 1-48, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.351
510FEC4E8B549047FE33FEF01592FCC5.text	510FEC4E8B549047FE33FEF01592FCC5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haliclona (Flagellia) hentscheli Van Soest 2017	<div><p>Haliclona (Flagellia) hentscheli subgen. et nom. nov.</p><p>Fig. 9</p><p>Gellius incrustans Hentschel 1912: 390, pl. XV fig. 3, pl. XXI fig. 45.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet refers to E. Hentschel, author of Gellius incrustans .</p><p>Material examined</p><p>INDONESIA: South Sulawesi, Tana Djampea, Kambarangi Bay, 7.1058° S, 120.6274° E, depth 0–32 m, trawl, coll. Siboga Expedition stat. 64, 4 May 1899 (ZMA Por. 01225), same data as for previous (ZMA Por. 01226); Maluku,Ambon,Ambon Bay, near Hative Besar, 3.6833° N, 128.1333° E, 0–5 m, snorkeling, coll. R.W.M. Van Soest, Snellius II Expedition stat. 002/II/18A, 6 Sep. 1984 (ZMA Por. 08797); Snellius II Expedition, fieldnr 4.045, NE coast of Sumba, E of Melolo, 9.9033° S, 120.7167° E, depth 48–57 m, Van Veen grab, 13 Sep. 1984 (unregistered slide); Snellius II Expedition, fieldnr 56J, NE coast of Sumba, E of Melolo, 9.9° S, 120.7477° E, depth 125 m, dredge, 14 Sep. 1984 (unregistered slide).</p><p>Description</p><p>Encrusting sponges with an uneven surface (Fig. 9A), with slightly raised oscules (Fig. 9A 1). One (ZMA 01225, Fig. 9A) encrusts the base of an octocoral. Greyish beige in alcohol. Lateral size up to 2 × 1 cm, thickness 3–4 mm, oscules 2 mm in diameter. Consistency soft.</p><p>SKELETON. Confusedly Haliclona -like, with paucispicular primary tracts interconnected by single oxeas. Special surface reticulation lacking. No visible spongin.</p><p>OXEAS (Fig. 9 B–B1). Sharply pointed, straight, in a narrow size range, 198– 214 –238 × 4– 6. 4 –11.5 μm.</p><p>FLAGELLOSIGMAS (Fig. 9 C–E). Circular to ovoid in shape, in two size categories. Larger ones (Fig. 9 C– D) with rather short but distinctly upturned long endings (Fig. 9C 1), both large and small ones with gradually widely curved short endings (Fig. 9C 2, E). Large flagellosigmas (I), with length of long endings 69– 84 –98 μm, short endings 51– 54 –63 μm, widths 53– 66 –83 μm, thickness 1.5– 1. 7 –2 μm. Small flagellosigmas (II) (Fig. 9 E–F), with length of long endings 27– 42 –66 μm, short endings 16– 24 – 34 μm, widths 18– 29 –39 μm, thickness 0.5– 0. 8 –1.5 μm.</p><p>NORMAL SIGMAS (Fig. 9 G–H). The most common microscleres, occurring in two distinct size classes, the larger ones (I) (Fig. 9G) with rather sharply bent endings, robust, 57– 71 –81 × 1.5– 2. 4 –3 μm, the smaller thinner ones (II) (Fig. 9H) incurved more roundedly, 14– 22 –32 × 0.5– 0. 6 –1 μm.</p><p>Distribution and ecology</p><p>Indonesia: Aru Islands, Tana Djampea (island south of Sulawesi), Ambon, Sumba (Marine Ecoregions Arafura Sea, Banda Sea, Lesser Sunda), coral reefs and sand bottoms at 12–125 m depth.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The specimens described here are judged to be conspecific with Gellius incrustans Hentschel, 1912 . However, data provided by Hentschel do not entirely match the present specimens: normal sigmas are described as very common, but no size categories were mentioned; only the largest size is quoted as 43– 56 μm, smaller than the present 57–81 μm. Flagellosigmas are quoted as having a largest ‘Durchmesser’ of 47–51 μm, likewise smaller than in the present specimens. Oxeas were 156–180 × 5–6 μm, according to Hentschel. It remains to be established whether the differences observed here are the result of a less than optimal description by Hentschel, or a genuine difference, in which case the present specimens belong to an undescribed species.</p><p>Apart from these differences, transferring Gellius incrustans to the combination Haliclona (Flagellia) incrustans, created a junior secondary homonym of Haliclona foraminosa incrustans (Czerniavsky, 1880) (originally Protoschmidtia foraminosa forma incrustans) and of Haliclona simulans incrustans (Carter, 1887) (Carter 1887: 70, originally Isodictya simulans var. incrustans). Burton (1959b: 220) already solved the latter case of homonymy by giving Carter’s subspecies the new name Haliclona carteri Burton, 1959 . Here the new combination Haliclona (Flagellia) hentscheli nom. nov. is proposed to solve the homonymy with Czerniavsky’s (1880) species, which, in spite of its unrecognizable description remains a senior secondary homonym until such time as its status is resolved. Future reallocation of these species to other valid genera will require reinstatement of Hentschel’s and Carter’s names.</p><p>Burton’s (1928) deep-water record of Gellius flagellifer from the nearby Andaman Sea was possibly the present species, as the upper size of the normal sigmas falls within the variation of the above measurements. However, the oxeas of the Andaman specimens are 280–360 × 12–14 μm, well in excess of those measured above. Combined with the deepwater occurrence (300–900 m) the conspecificity appears doubtful.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/510FEC4E8B549047FE33FEF01592FCC5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Van Soest, Rob W. M.	Van Soest, Rob W. M. (2017): Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida). European Journal of Taxonomy 351: 1-48, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.351
510FEC4E8B569040FE30FC441548FE37.text	510FEC4E8B569040FE30FC441548FE37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haliclona (Flagellia) amirantensis Van Soest 2017	<div><p>Haliclona (Flagellia) amirantensis subgen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C534BBA1-02C7-4263-88A3-7F2B8E55106E</p><p>Fig. 10</p><p>Gellius flagellifer Dendy, 1922: 26 .</p><p>Haliclona flagellifer – Burton 1959b: 218.</p><p>Gelliodes flagellifer – Vacelet et al. 1976: 83, Fig. 62.</p><p>Sigmadocia flagellifer – Pulitzer-Finali 1993: 327.</p><p>non Gellius flagellifer Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886: 323; 1887: 42, pl. XIII figs 5,10.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet refers to the type locality.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>SEYCHELLES: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=53.0333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.1333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 53.0333/lat -6.1333)">Amirante Islands</a>, N of Ile Desnoeufs, 6.1333° S, 53.0333° E, 54 m depth, trawl, coll. R. W.M. Van Soest, IOP-E Expedition stat. 782, field number 783/03, 2 Jan. 1993 (ZMA Por. 12409).</p><p>Description</p><p>The sponge (Fig. 10A, circle) forms a central encrustation of approximately 2 × 2 × 0.5 cm on a large Topsentia knoll of 9 cm high and wide. It has an irregular outline around a 5 mm diameter oscule. The color of both sponges was noted as beige and the specimen of Haliclona (Flagellia) was only detected by its softer consistency and a less coarse surface.</p><p>SKELETON. Confused anisotropic organization with large open spaces, with spicule tracts cored by 1–6 spicules in cross section bound by spongin, but this is not obviously enclosing the tracts. Interconnecting spicules are single oxeas, arranged loosely and irregularly. The surface has a tangential arrangement of single spicules differentiated from the choanosomal reticulation.</p><p>OXEAS (Fig. 10 B–B1). Slightly curved, gradually tapering to sharp points, 207– 234 –270 × 7.5– 9. 7 – 12 μm.</p><p>FLAGELLOSIGMAS (Fig. 10 C–D). Circular to ovoid in shape, with long endings having either an upturned (Fig. 10D 1) or straight curvature (Fig. 10C), and with short endings having a rather wide curvature (Fig. 10D 2). There is a extensive range of sizes, but no clear division in larger and smaller categories. Long endings 58–106–130 μm, short endings 52– 77 –93 μm, width 33– 81 –108 μm, and thickness 1.5– 2. 4 –3.5 μm.</p><p>NORMAL SIGMAS (Fig. 10 E–F). Two distinct size categories, larger (I) (Fig. 10E), robust, 47– 54 –63 × 2.5– 3. 2 –3.5 μm, and smaller (II) (Fig. 10F), thin, 26– 30 –33 × 0.5– 1. 1 –1.5 μm.</p><p>Distribution and ecology</p><p>Seychelles, epizoic on sponge in sandy bottom beyond reefs, 50 m depth. Also, if synonymy is correct, Madagascar, Kenya, Maldives, and possibly Saya de Malha (Marine Ecoregions Seychelles, East African Coral Coast, Western and Northern Madagascar, Maldives), 37– 229 m.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The description by Dendy (1922) of a fairly large encrusting specimen (5.5 × 5 × 1 cm) from Saya de Malha (98 m depth) with the name Gellius flagellifer Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886 possibly conforms to the present species. The flagellosigmas were described as having an upturned curve on the long ending and the presence of visible spongin was also noted. However, the sizes of the oxeas were given as 370 × 20 μm, well in excess of the Seychelles specimen, and no data on sizes of flagellosigmas and normal sigma were provided. This meagre information is not sufficient to be certain of conspecificity.</p><p>Burton (1959b) reported Haliclona flagellifer from the Southern Red Sea (26 m) and the Maldives (229 m). The specimen from the Southern Red Sea had oxeas only 170 × 10 μm, clearly smaller than the above measurements. The Maldives data appear closer, with oxeas 320 × 19 μm, flagellosigmas 90 μm, and sigmas 30–60 μm.</p><p>Vacelet et al. (1976) recorded Gellius flagellifer from Southwestern Madagascar (at 37 m depth, beyond the reefs) and this description matches the above description in most aspects (color, skeleton, sizes and shapes of oxeas and flagellosigmas), except for the normal sigmas, which were given as 30–40 × 1.2–2 μm. However, their drawing of these spicules (fig. 62c) shows considerable size variation. There is little doubt that the Madagascar and Amirante material are conspecific.</p><p>Pulitzer-Finali (1993) reported Sigmadocia flagellifer from deeper water (117–138 m) off the coast of Kenya. Oxeas were somewhat larger (310–370 × 13–17 μm), but flagellosigmas and the larger normal sigmas were similar in size. No mention was made of a smaller sigma category, rendering conspecificity uncertain. However, as the specimen also encrusted a sponge ( Asteropus), this material has more similarities than differences.</p><p>Haliclona (F.) hentscheli nom. nov. as described above is quite similar to the Seychelles species in shape, oxea length, shape of the (large) flagellosigmas and presence of two size categories of normal sigmas. The major difference is the lack of a differentiated small flagellosigma category and the size of the larger normal sigma category, which is clearly smaller (average 54 μm) than that of H. (F.) hentscheli nom. nov. (av. 71 μm). Haliclona (F.) flagellifera (Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886) subgen. et comb. nov. from Marion Island (see below), differs from H. (F.) amirantensis subgen. et sp. nov. in the shape of both the larger and smaller flagellosigmas, the presence of upturned long endings in many of the large flagellosigmas, the presence of two normal sigma categories, and the smaller sizes of the oxeas. A specimen of H. (F.) flagellifera reported from Kerguelen by Boury-Esnault &amp; Van Beveren (1982) does have flagellosigmas with upturned endings, but is otherwise (oxea sizes, shape of the flagellosigmas, normal sigma sizes) clearly different from H. (F.) amirantensis sp. nov. Additional comparisons are given below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/510FEC4E8B569040FE30FC441548FE37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Van Soest, Rob W. M.	Van Soest, Rob W. M. (2017): Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida). European Journal of Taxonomy 351: 1-48, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.351
510FEC4E8B519042FED6FE321502FAC0.text	510FEC4E8B519042FED6FE321502FAC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haliclona (Flagellia) flagellifera (Ridley & Dendy 1886) Van Soest 2017	<div><p>Haliclona (Flagellia) flagellifera (Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886) subgen. et comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 11</p><p>Gellius flagellifer Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886: 323 .</p><p>Gellius flagellifer – Ridley &amp; Dendy 1887: 42, pl. XIII figs 5, 10.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>MARION ISLAND: small dry fragment of holotype, Marine Ecoregion Prince Edward Islands, depth 90–135 m (BMNH 1887.5.2.252).</p><p>Description</p><p>Shape (from Ridley &amp; Dendy 1887): two small, massive encrustations, largest is 2.9 cm in lateral expansion, 1.6 cm thick, color pale greyish (in alcohol). A single oscule. Surface shaggy. Consistency soft, brittle.</p><p>SKELETON. Haliclona -like, confuse, anisotropic, with primary lines consisting of 1–4 spicules, single spicules interconnecting at all angles, but mostly rectangular, no spongin visible. No special ectosomal arrangement of skeleton and spicules.</p><p>OXEAS (Fig. 11 A–A1). Slightly curved, fat, cigar-shaped, gradually pointed, 340– 389. 1 –420 × 8– 15. 1 – 18 μm.</p><p>FLAGELLOSIGMAS (Fig. 11 B–E). Elongated, elliptical, larger strongly asymmetrical, smaller less so and less elliptical, more ovoid. Curvature of long ending shortly rounded, no upturned hook, curvature of short ending shallow, in a wide size range, suggesting two overlapping size categories but subtly distinguishable by shape. Larger (I) (Fig. 11 B–C) with length of long ending 82– 96. 2 –102 μm, length of short ending 50– 60. 6 –75 μm, width 50– 60. 2 –73 μm, thickness 2.5– 2. 8 –3 μm. Smaller (II) (Fig. 11 D– E) with length of long ending 45– 54. 6 –66 μm, length of short ending 33– 39. 8 –48 μm, width 33– 41. 5 – 46 μm, thickness 1– 1. 7 –2 μm.</p><p>NORMAL SIGMAS (Fig. 11F). A single size category, tips slightly incurved, 31– 39. 6 –53 × 1.5– 2. 2 –2.5 μm.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Although cosmopolitan distribution is unlikely to occur in sponge species with a depth range limited largely to continental and upper bathyal waters, it is still possible that the present species from an oceanic island could have been capable of covering large distances. Thus, the reported occurrence of H. (F.) flagellifera from circumglobal southern ocean localities could be consistent with the occurrence of a single species. Here the literature data from the non-tropical southern ocean records of the species is reviewed. Despite numerous reports (see Remarks below), we consider that the only reliable record of H. (F.) flagellifer originates from the type locality at Marion Island (South African administration).</p><p>Boury-Esnault &amp; Van Beveren (1982) reported Gellius flagellifer from Kerguelen Islands at a comparable depth of 195 m. The shape of their specimens was also massive encrustations, up to 4.3 × 3 × 0.8 cm. The oxeas were reported as 474– 540 –589 × 13– 14 –24 μm, clearly longer than those of the type. The flagellosigmas had their longest axis 88– 98 –129 μm (= length of long ending) and their shorter axis 45– 56 –67 μm (= width), close in measurements to those of the type specimen, but no small flagellosigmas were mentioned. The shape of the flagellosigma in their paper is more narrow-elliptical than in the type, and the long ending has a faint upturned hook. Normal sigmas have a wider range, 40– 83 –131 × 2–5 μm, and in the illustrations clearly appear to be divisible into two sigma size categories unlike the normal sigmas in the type. Therefore it is uncertain whether the Kerguelen material is conspecific with the type, and for now is considered to belong to an unnamed Haliclona (Flagellia) spec. until the specimen can be examined.</p><p>Burton (1938) reported the species (as Adocia) from Eastern Antarctic Wilkes Land, directly south of Australia, at a depth of 36 m. He provided no data, other than remarking that the flagellosigmas reached 120 μm in the longest axis, a similar length to those of the type, but not sufficient to conclude that the Antarctic specimen is conspecific. Göcke &amp; Janussen (2013) reported this species from the Eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica, at a depth of 602 m. Oxeas were 570– 643 –715 × 22– 26 –29 μm, clearly considerably longer and thicker than the type. Flagellosigmas measured 80– 106 –140 μm in the longest axis, 60– 109 –155 μm in the shorter axis, also larger than the type specimen. The normal sigmas were 17– 24 –31 μm, smaller than in the type. Although generally similar to the type, the spicule size data and the lack of differentiated larger and smaller flagellosigmas indicates a likely specific difference.</p><p>It is not possible to judge whether specimens reported by Pansini &amp; Sarà (1999) from Magellan Strait are similar to the type specimen, because no description was provided.</p><p>Dendy (1924) and Bergquist &amp; Warne (1980) reported specimens from northern New Zealand waters (Three Kings Islands), at depths of 200 m and 60–120 m, respectively. The specimens differed in the size of the oxeas, with Dendy’s specimen possessing oxeas of only 210 × 8 μm, while those of Bergquist &amp; Warne were close to those of the type in size, 460 × 15 μm. Both specimens had small flagellosigmas of 46 and 64 μm respectively, and a single size of normal sigmas (20 and 28 μm respectively). Neither specimen appears very close to the type morphologically.</p><p>Uriz (1987, 1988) described Gellius flagellifer from Namibia, SE Atlantic (at depths of 183–290 m). The oxeas were given as 420–570 × 16–30 μm, much larger than the type. In addition, the flagellosigmas and normal sigmas were larger, suggesting that the Namibian material could be specifically different.</p><p>Samaai &amp; Gibbons’ (2005) description of Haliclona (Gellius) flagellifer from the Atlantic coast of South Africa (15 m) differs from Uriz’ material and from the type of H. (F.) flagellifera in having two size classes of normal sigmas, 73–91 μm and 25 μm.</p><p>These comparisons lead to the conclusion that Haliclona (Flagellia) flagellifera is so far endemic to Marion Island of the Prince Edward Islands archipelago in the Southern Indian Ocean. Specimens reported as Haliclona (Gellius) flagellifera from other ocean basins are regarded as likely different species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/510FEC4E8B519042FED6FE321502FAC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Van Soest, Rob W. M.	Van Soest, Rob W. M. (2017): Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida). European Journal of Taxonomy 351: 1-48, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.351
510FEC4E8B53904EFE63FA401064F80A.text	510FEC4E8B53904EFE63FA401064F80A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haliclona (Flagellia) porosa (Fristedt 1887) Van Soest 2017	<div><p>Haliclona (Flagellia) porosa (Fristedt, 1887) subgen. et comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 12–13</p><p>Desmacella porosa Fristedt, 1887: 440, pl. 24 figs 36–37, pl. 28 fig. 15.</p><p>Gellius vagabundus Vosmaer, 1885: 29, only the var. γ, pl. V figs 36–38.</p><p>? Gellius rhaphidiophorus Brøndsted, 1933: 18, fig. 7.</p><p>Gellius porosus – Lundbeck 1902: 73, pl. XIV fig. 2. — Lundbeck 1909: 434. — Hentschel 1916: 11. —</p><p>Ferrer Hernandez 1918: 22, fig. 3. — Ferrer Hernandez 1923: 16. — Rezvoi 1924: 243. — Rezvoi</p><p>1928: 91. — Hentschel 1929: 978. — Koltun 1959: 213. Haliclona porosus – Koltun 1962: 186. — Hoshino 1987: 38. Gellius flagellifer – Lambe, 1896: 185, pl. I fig. 4. — Topsent 1896: 281, pl. VIII fig. 4. Hemigellius sp. aff. flagellifer – De Weerdt &amp; Van Soest 1987: 315.</p><p>non Gellius flagellifer sensu Koltun 1959: 212 (= Haliclona (Gellius) sp.); nec: Hemigellius sp. aff. flagellifer sensu Ginn et al. 1998: 1099 (= Haliclona (Gellius) sp.)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>BARENTS SEA: slide only (Fig. 12 A–F), Willem Barents Expedition,?1880, depth uncertain, between 212 and 297 m (ZMA Por. 20742).</p><p>MAURITANIA: off Banc d’Arguin, 114 m depth, Van Veen grab, coll. R.W.M. Van Soest, Mauritania II Exped. stat. 033, 9 Aug. 1988 (ZMA Por. 06624) (Fig. 13 A–F).</p><p>Description</p><p>Because of the substantial difference between the two localities, each specimen is described separately.</p><p>ZMA 20742 (Fig. 12 A–F) is a slide only, made from a dried fragment apparently no longer present in the collection.</p><p>ZMA 06624 (Fig. 13A) is a small encrustation of 5 × 5 × 2 mm on dead Lophelia corals, surface optically smooth. Consistency soft.</p><p>SKELETON. Specimen 20742 (Fig. 12A): the surface has confused tangentially arranged single spicules.The choanosomal skeleton has paucispicular ascending tracts interconnected irregularly by single spicules. Microscleres, especially normal sigmas, are relatively rare throughout the skeleton. Specimen 06642: no recognizable surface skeleton. The choanosomal skeleton is irregular, anisotropic with paucispicular</p><p>ascending tracts and single connecting spicules. Microscleres, especially the normal sigmas, are rare throughout the choanosome.</p><p>OXEAS. Straight or slightly curved, elongately cigar-shaped. ZMA 20742 (Fig. 12A): 243– 271 –297 × 8– 9. 7 –12 μm. ZMA 06624 (Fig. 13B, B 1): 267– 307 -333 × 8.5– 11. 2 –13 μm.</p><p>2</p><p>FLAGELLOSIGMAS. ZMA 20742 (Fig. 12 B–F): elliptical to ovoid, in a large size range, but not divisible into two categories, length of long ending 48– 82 –108 μm, of short ending 27– 47 –59 μm, width 32– 46 –57 μm, thickness 1– 1. 8 –3 μm. ZMA 06624 (Fig. 13C, C 1, C 2, D): predominantly ovoid or circular, larger than those of 20742, also in a large size range, not divisible. Long endings have straight curvature, length of long endings 57– 109 –156 μm, short endings 43–79–106 μm, width 42– 83 –117 μm, thickness 1.5– 3. 3 –5 μm.</p><p>NORMAL SIGMAS. Rare, in both. ZMA 20742: 45–48 × 2–2.5 μm (n=3). ZMA 06624 (Fig. 13E): 40– 51 – 61 × 2– 4. 0 –5 μm (n=9).</p><p>Distribution and ecology</p><p>Arctic waters, NW Pacific, Gulf of Biscay, Gulf of Saint Lawrence, off Mauritania (Marine Ecoregions West Greenland Shelf, East Greenland Shelf, North and East Barents Sea, South European Atlantic Shelf, Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Sahelian Upwelling). Depth occurrence 90– 400 m.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>All slides and specimens in the ZMA and RMNH collections labeled as Gellius vagabundus remaining from the material studied by Vosmaer (1885), including several labeled as the var. γ, and even one specimen (nr. 74) indicated by Vosmaer (1885: 29, pl. V figs 38–38) as having the spiculation depicted, were examined. No flagellosigmas were found, all specimens and fragments belonged either to Desmacella, Hymeniacidon or Hemigellius, with sigmas of normal shape, or lacking. There is one dried sample without identification in the ZMA collection, bearing only a small label with text ‘Sp. XXX No. 76’, the number given to Gellius vagabundus by Vosmaer (1885). The sample consists of three fragments, all of which are Hymeniacidon -like (with larger and smaller styles, as depicted in pl. V figs 32–33). However, the ZMA 20742 slide presumably made from the dried material does have the spicules depicted in Vosmaer’s Pl. V figs 36–38. Although the number is 76, not 74, it is clear that this slide was made from a previously present dried fragment and is now is all that remains of Vosmaer’s var. γ.</p><p>Both the Barents Sea slide and the Mauritanian specimen have been assigned to H. (F.) porosa based on spicule shapes, and the presence of a single category of normal sigmas that are characteristically rare. They resemble Fristedt’s description of Desmacella porosa from Davis Strait, although the type specimen – listed to be present as Gellius porosus in the Zoologisk Museum Copenhagen under reg. nr. DEM 107 – was much larger (9 × 6 cm). The size of the oxeas was given by Fristedt as 350 μm, but Lundbeck (1902) re-examined the type and found some of them to be as small as 250 μm. Fristedt did not mention any normal sigmas, but Lundbeck (1902) found several normal sigmas. The length of the flagellosigmas was given by Fristedt as 120 μm across, somewhat larger than the ones of ZMA 20742, but smaller than those of ZMA 06624. Lundbeck (1902), in his description of a specimen from the N coast of Iceland, found oxeas and flagellosigmas in the same size range as those of the above described Barents Sea slide (ZMA Por. 20742), and the normal sigmas were 50–80 μm, somewhat larger than those of the present material.</p><p>Topsent (1896: 281, pl. VIII fig. 4) reported Gellius flagellifer from the nearby Gulf of Biscaye (depth 400 m), with oxeas 350 × 13–14 μm and flagellosigmas up to 90–100 × 2 μm. The drawing of the flagellosigmas closely resembles the present material. He neither discussed, nor figured the normal sigmas, suggesting that they were rare [he admitted to their presence later (Topsent 1904)]. The rarity of the normal sigmas makes it likely that the material belongs to H. (F.) porosa . Lambe’s (1896) record of Gellius flagellifer is probably also H. (F.) porosa for the same reasons.</p><p>Ferrer Hernandez (1918: 22, fig. 3) reported Gellius porosus from the coast of Asturias, N Spain, at 200 m depth (material originally collected by Orueta). His description and figure may be similar to the type of Fristedt.</p><p>In addition to H. (F.) porosa, Lundbeck (as well as other authors, e.g., Rezvoi 1928: 91) also described Arctic specimens assigned to Gellius flagellifer Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886 . Lundbeck’s specimens differ from his H. (F.) porosa in having larger oxeas (up to 476 μm long), and abundant normal sigmas in a large size range. For these and other reasons, it is unlikely that these Arctic specimens are conspecific with specimens occurring in the Southern Ocean Prince Edward Archipelago. There are subtle small differences in the sizes and shapes of the flagellosigmas and the normal sigmas when compared with the type of H. (F.) flagellifera (see above). As Lundbeck insisted that these specimens were not conspecific with H. (F.) porosa (several authors, e.g., Topsent 1896 and Lambe 1896 thought otherwise), and access to the specimens was not possible, they remain provisionally as Haliclona (F.) spec. until their status as a separate species from H. (F.) porosa can be established (but see also below).</p><p>Brøndsted’s (1933) species Gellius rhaphidiophorus from Greenland at 410 m depth, was described as close to Gellius porosus, with ‟more or less flagelliform” sigmas of 71–110 μm, in addition to rather rare sigmas of 20–36 μm and raphides of 36–40 μm. Species with flagellosigmas and raphides are otherwise not known, so possibly the raphides are foreign, in which case it could be a junior synonym of H. (F.) porosa . However, conspecificity is uncertain because the presence of true flagellosigmas cannot be verified due to the lack of illustrations and the ambiguous description. Likewise, many records of Gellius porosus and Sigmadocia porosa (cf. above in the historical overview) remain to be substantiated, as they were either not taxonomically described or insufficiently characterized.</p><p>As mentioned above, Koltun (1959: 213) and Ginn et al. (1998: 1099) erroneously reported Gellius or Hemigellius flagellifer from Arctic and East Canadian waters, based on misidentification of their specimens.</p><p>The name combination Haliclona (F.) porosa is threatened by previous use of the name ‘ porosa ’ in combination with the unaccepted genus name Arcesios and the subgenus name Reniera . Arcesios porosa Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864 is described unrecognizably and no original material is known to be extant in collections (cf. Van Soest et al. 1983). Schmidt (1870: 40) assigned this species to Reniera Schmidt, 1862, claiming in a two-line comment that Arcesios was a junior synonym of Reniera, but failed to provide any evidence. Schmidt stated he had a specimen from ‟Crabb Island” [sic] that answered to the descriptions of A. porosa . He gave no description of this material and no specimen from ‟Crabb Island” is kept in the collections of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, or the Musée de Zoologie at Strasbourg, where most of Schmidt’s 1870 material is housed. Although Reniera is a subgenus of Haliclona, there is no evidence that Arcesios porosa is a member of the subgenus. This fact precludes a definite and formal decision about the preoccupied state of the combination Haliclona (Flagellia) porosa and does not warrant proposal of a new name for it as a junior secondary homonym.</p><p>An additional homonym of the present combination is Reniera cinerea var. porosa Topsent, 1901 . This was renamed Reniera topsenti Thiele, 1905 because of Schmidt’s (1870) combination Reniera porosa (and was subsequently assigned to the genus Haliclona as H. topsenti by Burton (1940: 99). Because Schmidt’s combination has priority, even if it is likely not the same species as Arcesios porosa, the name Reniera topsenti and the current combination Haliclona topsenti remain accepted.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/510FEC4E8B53904EFE63FA401064F80A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Van Soest, Rob W. M.	Van Soest, Rob W. M. (2017): Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida). European Journal of Taxonomy 351: 1-48, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.351
510FEC4E8B58904AFE04FEF0112CFC06.text	510FEC4E8B58904AFE04FEF0112CFC06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haliclona (Flagellia) hiberniae Van Soest 2017	<div><p>Haliclona (Flagellia) hiberniae subgen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EAB80C5A-6259-4189-90D9-1715A83A3A2A</p><p>Fig. 14</p><p>Gellius flagellifer – Topsent 1904: 231, in part (only stat. 584). — Stephens 1916: 233; 1917: 5; 1921: 6. Haliclona (Gellius) flagellifera – Van Soest et al. 2007: 131.</p><p>non Gellius flagellifer Ridley &amp; Dendy 1886: 323; 1887: 42, pl. XIII figs 5, 10.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>‘ Hibernia ’ is the Latin name of Ireland in Roman times, chosen here as a reference to the type locality.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-15.8007&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.4994" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -15.8007/lat 55.4994)">NORTH ATLANTIC</a>: SE Rockall Bank, W of Ireland, 55.4994° N, 15.8007° W, depth 560 m, boxcore, coll. R. W.M. Van Soest, BIOSYS2005 stat. BX66, 1 Jul. 2005 (ZMA Por. 19596a).</p><p>Paratype</p><p>NORTH ATLANTIC: SE Rockall Bank, W of Ireland, 55.4444° N, 16.0756° W, depth 762 m, boxcore, coll. R.W.M. Van Soest, BIOSYS2005 stat. BX72, 4 Jul. 2005 (ZMA Por. 19619).</p><p>Additional specimens examined</p><p>NORTH ATLANTIC: SE Rockall Bank, W of Ireland, 55.4991° N, 15.7967° W, depth 626 m, boxcore, coll. R.W.M. Van Soest, Moundforce 2004 stat. BX32, 2 Sep. 2004 (ZMA Por. 18506, 18527d); SE Rockall Bank, W of Ireland, 55.5037° N, 15.7852° W, depth 673 m, boxcore, coll. R.W.M. Van Soest, Moundforce 2004 stat. BX33, 2 Sep. 2004 (ZMA Por. 18536a); SE Rockall Bank, W of Ireland, 55.4359° N, 16.1158° W, depth 778 m, boxcore, coll. R.W.M. Van Soest, Moundforce 2004 stat. BX41B, 5 Sep. 2004 (ZMA Por. 18551); SE Rockall Bank, W of Ireland, 55.4998° N, 15.7982° W, depth 602 m, boxcore, coll. R.W.M. Van Soest, BIOSYS2005 stat. BX10, 10 Jul. 2005 (ZMA Por. 19407, 19412); SE Rockall Bank, W of Ireland, 55.4993° N, 15.7979° W, depth 587 m, boxcore, coll. R.W.M. Van Soest, BIOSYS2005 stat. BX12, 25 Jun. 2005 (ZMA Por. 19421); SE Rockall Bank, W of Ireland, 55.5037° N, 15.7869° W, depth 614 m, boxcore, coll. R.W.M. Van Soest, BIOSYS2005 stat. BX28, 27 Jun. 2005 (ZMA Por. 19476a); SE Rockall Bank, W of Ireland, 55.4440° N, 16.0752° W, depth 785 m, boxcore, coll. R.W.M. Van Soest, BIOSYS2005 stat. BX38, 28 Jun. 2005 (ZMA Por. 19517); SE Rockall Bank, W of Ireland, 55.5011° N, 15.7887° W, depth 577 m, boxcore, coll. R.W.M. Van Soest, BIOSYS2005 stat. BX96, 6 Jul. 2005 (ZMA Por. 19690); SE Rockall Bank, W of Ireland, 55.4429° N, 16.0974° W, depth 644 m, boxcore, coll. R.W.M. Van Soest, BIOSYS2005 stat. BX115, 9 Jul. 2005 (ZMA Por. 19745, 19752); SE Rockall Bank, W of Ireland, 55.4907° N, 15.8013° W, depth 573 m, boxcore, coll. R.W.M. Van Soest, BIOSYS2005 stat. BX153, 11 Jul. 2005 (ZMA Por. 19985); SE Rockall Bank, W of Ireland, 55.5012° N, 15.7885° W, depth 585 m, boxcore, coll. R.W.M. Van Soest, BIOSYS2005 stat. BX160, 11 Jul. 2005 (ZMA Por. 20023); Porcupine Bank, W of Ireland, 53.77° N, 13.9472° W, depth 683–749 m, dredge, coll. R.W.M. Van Soest, HERMES2005 stat. DR190, 14 Jul. 2005 (ZMA Por. 20099); Porcupine Bank, W of Ireland, 53.7701° N, 13.9457° W, depth 745–754 m, dredge, coll. R.W.M. Van Soest, HERMES2005 stat. DR215, 17 Jul. 2005 (ZMA Por. 20123).</p><p>Unregistered slides examined</p><p>NORTH ATLANTIC: W of Ireland, SE Rockall Bank, 55.5007° N, 15.7893° W, depth 586 m, boxcore, coll. R.W.M. Van Soest, BIOSYS2005 stat. BX71, 4 Jul. 2005; W of Ireland, SE Rockall Bank, 55.4441° N, 16.0756° W, depth 767 m, boxcore, coll. R.W.M. Van Soest, BIOSYS2005 stat. BX78,</p><p>4 Jul. 2005; W of Ireland, SE Rockall Bank, 55.4428° N, 16.0975° W, depth 644 m, boxcore, coll. R.W.M. Van Soest, BIOSYS2005 stat. BX114, 9 Jul. 2005; W of Ireland, SE Rockall Bank, 55.5011° N, 15.7884° W, depth 585 m, boxcore, coll. R.W.M. Van Soest, BIOSYS2005 stat. BX161, 11 Jul. 2005; W of Ireland, SE Rockall Bank, 55.4443° N, 16.0756° W, depth 691 m, boxcore, coll. R.W.M. Van Soest, BIOSYS2005 stat. BX168, 12 Jul. 2005.</p><p>Description</p><p>Small dirty white to greyish brown or greyish beige encrustations (Fig. 14A holotype, A 1 paratype), often forming thick cushions or small globular masses, occasionally pear-shaped (grey in alcohol). Color remains unchanged in alcohol. Size variable from tiny, &lt;2 mm individuals up to 2.5 × 1.6 × 1 cm. Surface undulating to shaggy, sometimes ‘hairy’ due to protruding spicule tracts, and also appearing clathrate. There may be one or two oscules, only apparent in larger, thicker specimens. Consistency soft.</p><p>SKELETON. Confused reticulation, consisting of ascending paucispicular spicule tracts connected by single spicules, spongin present only at the nodes.</p><p>OXEAS (Fig. 14 B–B1). Slightly curved to almost straight, 288– 367 –419 × 6– 11. 1 –14 μm.</p><p>FLAGELLOSIGMAS (Fig. 14 C–G). Similar to those of Haliclona (Flagellia) flagellifera, ovoid, larger spicules strongly asymmetrical, smaller less so, curvature of long ending shortly rounded (Fig. 14C 1), no upturned hook, curvature of short ending shallow (Fig. 14C 2). Found in a wide size range, suggesting two overlapping size categories, but this depends on individual sponges. Larger spicules (I) (Fig. 14 C– E) with length of long ending 64– 104 –159 μm, length of short ending 48– 69 –106 μm, width 51– 73 – 102 μm, thickness 1.5– 2. 6 –4 μm. Smaller (II) (Fig. 14 F–G), length of long ending 13– 29. 5 –55 μm, length of short ending 10– 27 –39 μm, width 12– 27 –45 μm, thickness 0.5– 1. 05 –2 μm.</p><p>NORMAL SIGMAS (Fig. 14 H–I). Numerous, in two distinct size categories, larger (I) (Fig. 14H) robust, with more shallow curve, 53– 76 –92 × 2.5– 3. 3 –5 μm, smaller (II) (Fig. 14I) thin, deeper curve, with more distinct incurved endings, 28– 33. 5 –39 × 1– 1. 6 –2.5 μm.</p><p>Distribution and ecology</p><p>Rockall and Porcupine Banks, W of Ireland (Marine Ecoregion Celtic Seas). Known predominantly from deep-water coral banks. Depth range: 560–785 m (Stephens (1921) mentions 90–1328 m).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The present deep-water North Atlantic specimens are overall very similar to the type of Gellius flagellifer . The one major difference is the occurrence of two distinct size categories of normal sigmas. Minor differences are thinner oxeas and larger size range of the two flagellosigmas’ size categories in the present specimens.</p><p>Topsent (1904) reported Gellius flagellifer from the Azores (845–1360 m). Oxea size ranges were from 335–345 × 8–10 μm in the more shallow station, to 620–680 × 18–20 μm at the deeper stations, suggesting a relationship between oxea size and depth. In the Azores material flagellosigmas reached sizes of up to 118 μm, and normal sigmas occurred in a large size range of 30–80 μm, suggesting the presence of size categories in both. It is possible that the Azores specimens conform to the Irish material, at least the shallower sample (but there is some doubt over the identity of the deeper sample, see below).</p><p>Conspecificity is also likely for Irish material reported by Stephens (1921). She described specimens from the Porcupine Bank (698–1145 m depth) with oxeas up to 400 × 13 μm, flagellosigmas of up to 120 μm (width 60–90 μm), and sigmas in a large size range of 35–90 μm.</p><p>Remarkably, Topsent (1928: 314) took the erroneous view that his earlier reports on Gellius flagellifer were part of what he considered to be Gellius vagabundus (Schmidt, 1870), referring to Vosmaer as the inspiration for this change. In fact, Topsent’s (1928) description of ‘ Gellius vagabundus ’ from 1378 m near São Miguel, Azores, is likely to be a different species from his other described specimens as the sigmas appear dissimilar to the flagellosigmas discussed here. Possibly, it is a Haliclona (Gellius) species, but it is not the present species.</p><p>Lundbeck (1902) (and other authors such as Rezvoi 1928 and Koltun 1959) assigned specimens from Arctic waters to Gellius flagellifer, which could perhaps be members of the present species because Lundbeck’s drawing (pl. XIV fig. 1d) of the normal sigmas shows a large size range. However, without the original material this cannot be decided for certain.</p><p>Mediterranean records of Gellius vagabundus (cf. Babič 1922), Gellius flagellifer (cf. Vacelet 1969; Pulitzer-Finali 1978, 1983; Pansini 1987) and Haliclona (Gellius) flagellifera (cf. Longo et al. 2005; Sitjà &amp; Maldonado 2014) could be conspecific with the present species. The depth range of the combined records is 20– 809 m. Babič (1922: 228, text-fig. H) provides detailed spicule data that appear to conform to those of the present material, except the upper size of the oxeas (222–480 × 2–12 μm) and the normal sigmas (15–125 μm) which are in excess of the North Atlantic material. The other Mediterranean records do not provide details of size categories of normal sigmas, so the conspecificity remains doubtful.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/510FEC4E8B58904AFE04FEF0112CFC06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Van Soest, Rob W. M.	Van Soest, Rob W. M. (2017): Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida). European Journal of Taxonomy 351: 1-48, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.351
510FEC4E8B5B9077FE17FC041646FC4C.text	510FEC4E8B5B9077FE17FC041646FC4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haliclona (Flagellia) hajdui Van Soest 2017	<div><p>Haliclona (Flagellia) hajdui subgen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7F505002-4332-4C79-BCD7-5E3CDEF3A1AB</p><p>Figs 15–16</p><p>Desmacella sp. – Schmidt 1870: 53, Pl. V fig. 15.</p><p>Haliclona (Gellius) aff. flagellifera – Van Soest 2017: 27, figs 16a–e.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet refers to professor Eduardo Hajdu (Museu Nacional de Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) in recognition of his many contributions to our knowledge of the sponge fauna of South America.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>SURINAME: ‘ Luymes O.C.P.S. II’ Guyana Shelf Expedition, station M97, 7.3083° N, 54.1667° W, depth 130 m, bottom coarse sand, 16 Apr. 1969 (RMNH Por. 9921).</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>SURINAME: same collection data as for holotype (RMNH Por. 9783, 9851).</p><p>Description</p><p>Encrusting to irregular lamellar with oscular lobes (Fig. 15 A–C). The three samples were obtained from the same station, but some were fragmented into small cm-sized pieces making it difficult to describe the overall shape in more detail. The specimen chosen as the holotype is basically an oscular lobe of 1.5–2 cm high and wide, with an oscule of 3 mm in diameter, the paratypes are fragments, partially overgrowing dead parts of associated organisms, including sponges. The surface is irregular, punctate. The color (in alcohol) ranges from shades of pinkish light or darker brown. The consistency is soft and fragile.</p><p>SKELETON (Fig. 15D). The choanosome shows a loose reticulation of ascending tracts which have 2–3 spicules in cross section, and interconnecting single spicules, but overall the skeleton is confused without binding spongin. The surface skeleton is unispicular, but is discontinuous where there are large subdermal spaces. In places microscleres are crowding the spaces between the spicules, with normal sigmas the most common.</p><p>OXEAS (Fig. 16 A–A1). Slightly curved, elongate-fusiform, 226– 319 –358 × 11– 12. 7 –14 μm.</p><p>FLAGELLOSIGMAS (Fig. 16 B–D). Predominantly elliptical, with a large difference in length between the long and short endings, in a single widely variable size category. Long endings predominantly upturned with sharply bent curvature, occasionally with short straight curvature, short endings deeply and rather narrowly curved. Length of long endings 66– 106 –159 μm, of short endings 42– 75 –86 μm, width 40– 63 –81 μm, thickness 1.5– 2. 4 –3.5 μm.</p><p>NORMAL SIGMAS (Fig. 16E). Symmetrical, with slightly incurving apices, 42– 53. 6 –72 × 2– 2. 1 –2.5 μm.</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>Distribution and ecology</p><p>Collected on the upper continental slope off Suriname at a depth of 130 m (Marine Ecoregion Guianan). If Schmidt’s report of Desmacella spec. is conspecific then it is likely to occur elsewhere in deeper water in the Greater Caribbean.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The new species has characteristically elliptic flagellosigmas which also have upturned long endings. They resemble the drawing of the flagellosigma of a specimen from Kerguelen (cf. Boury-Esnault &amp; Van Beveren 1992), assigned probably erroneously to Haliclona (Gellius) flagellifera . Other aspects (oxea size and sigma sizes) are quite different, so close relationship is not likely.</p><p>Van Soest (2017) mentioned the presence of this species in a another northern South American locality, off the coast of Caribbean Colombia. However, after careful comparison of this material (ZMA Por. 21962) it is not very likely that it belongs to this species, as the flagellosigmas are shaped differently. Instead, this specimen is considered an unnamed Haliclona (Flagellia) to be described fully if and when sufficient material is obtained.</p><p>Furthermore, Van Soest (2017) repeated earlier records of Haliclona (Flagellia) from the Turneffe Islands, Belize, made by Van Soest (1980) and De Weerdt (2000) based on undescribed material in the Natural History Museum, London. Brief notes on this material do not allow unequivocal assignment of it to any of the species treated here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/510FEC4E8B5B9077FE17FC041646FC4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Van Soest, Rob W. M.	Van Soest, Rob W. M. (2017): Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida). European Journal of Taxonomy 351: 1-48, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.351
510FEC4E8B669071FD6DFBCC16B4FEF2.text	510FEC4E8B669071FD6DFBCC16B4FEF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haliclona (Flagellia) Van Soest 2017	<div><p>Haliclona (Flagellia) sp.</p><p>Fig. 17</p><p>? Sigmadocia flagelifer [sic] Kaminskaya, 1971: 116.</p><p>? Haliclona sp. 2 Alcolado, 2002: 67.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>COLOMBIA: Santa Marta, Punta de Betín, 11.2503° N, 74.2207° W, 20 m deep, SCUBA, coll. M. Kielman, field number SM 132, 1991 (ZMA Por. 21962).</p><p>Description</p><p>Small fragment, approximately 2 × 2 × 1 mm in size. Color in alcohol dark brown. Consistency soft.</p><p>SKELETON. Confused, a largely unispicular reticulation of oxeas. Few microscleres.</p><p>OXEAS (Fig. 17 A–A1). Straight, relatively thin, sharply pointed, 232– 289 –315 × 8– 10. 2 –13 μm.</p><p>FLAGELLOSIGMAS (Fig. 17 B–C). Only six were found; these are circular to ovoid in outline, with long endings with short straight apices, with short endings widely curved. Length of long endings (Fig. 17B 1) 70– 82 –95 μm, of short endings (Fig. 17B 2) 50– 58 –63 μm, width 55– 61 –75 μm, thickness 2– 2. 4 –3 μm.</p><p>NORMAL SIGMAS (Fig. 17D). Robust, symmetrical, strongly incurved apices, 39– 46. 1 –53 × 1.5– 2. 6 – 3.5 μm.</p><p>Distribution and ecology</p><p>Colombian Caribbean, reef environment at a depth of 20 m (Marine Ecoregion Southern Caribbean). Possibly Cuba (Marine Ecoregion Greater Antilles), 5–9 m depth (see Remarks below).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Although the shapes of the flagellosigmas and the sigmas clearly differ from those of the above described H. (F.) hajdui subgen. et sp. nov., this material is not named here because it is too small to allow proper study. Only a few flagellosigmas were found, leaving open the possibility that larger spicules with upturned apices and a more elliptical outline might have been missed. Future study is necessary to delimit the characters of this species against those of H. (F.) hajdui subgen. et sp. nov.</p><p>Alcolado (2002) cited Haliclona sp. 2 based on a description of Kaminskaya (1971) of a specimen named Sigmadocia flagellifera from Northwestern Cuba, soft bottom at 5–9 m depth. Oxeas were 115– 220 × 3–5 μm, well below the above measurements, sigmas were cited as 16–64 μm, not differentiated</p><p>2</p><p>into flagellosigmas and normal sigmas. These data are insufficient to determine if this record were conspecific with the Colombian specimen.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/510FEC4E8B669071FD6DFBCC16B4FEF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Van Soest, Rob W. M.	Van Soest, Rob W. M. (2017): Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida). European Journal of Taxonomy 351: 1-48, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.351
510FEC4E8B609073FEB0FE7D15D6FC32.text	510FEC4E8B609073FEB0FE7D15D6FC32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haliclona (Flagellia) edaphus (De Laubenfels 1930) Van Soest 2017	<div><p>Haliclona (Flagellia) edaphus (De Laubenfels, 1930) subgen. et comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 18</p><p>Gellius edaphus De Laubenfels, 1930: 28 .</p><p>? Sigmadocia edaphus – Dickinson 1945: 12, pl. 14 figs 27–28, pl. 15 fig. 29. — Green &amp; Bakus 1994: 46, fig. 27.</p><p>Xestospongia edapha Lee et al. 2007: 110 (redescription of holotype).</p><p>Gellius edaphus – De Laubenfels 1932: 111, fig. 66.</p><p>? non Gellius edaphus – Sim &amp; Kim 1988: 27, pl. 2 figs 3–4.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: small ‘wet’ fragment of holotype (USNM 21444), California, Carmel, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.9357&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.5037" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.9357/lat 36.5037)">Pescadero Point</a>, 36.5037° N, 121.9357° W, intertidal cave, coll. M.W. De Laubenfels, Jul. 1926.</p><p>Description (from De Laubenfels 1932: 111–112)</p><p>A thick plate-like mass (40 × 30 × 20 cm) encrusting stones in an intertidal cave. Color whitish in life and in alcohol. Surface smooth. Oscules of about 1 mm diameter are distributed evenly over the upper surface. Consistency firm to hard.</p><p>SKELETON. Dense, confused reticulation of thick oxeas. At the surface single spicules are arranged tangentially.</p><p>OXEAS (Fig. 18 A–A1). Curved, cigar-shaped, sharply pointed, 272– 314 –342 × 12– 15. 8 –17 μm (De Laubenfels gives 260–270 × 15–16 μm).</p><p>FLAGELLOSIGMAS (Fig. 18 B–C). Elliptical in outline, with relatively large difference in length of long and short endings. Long endings with sharp curvature ending straight with a faint upturn in many spicules, short endings widely curved with only modest incurved apices. Length of long endings 76– 89 –105 μm, short endings 64– 67 –72 μm, width 53– 66 –81 μm, thickness 1.5– 2. 95 –3.5 μm. De Laubenfels did not differentiate flagellosigmas from normal sigmas, his drawing shows only a flagellosigma, sizes quoted by him were 30–100 μm.</p><p>NORMAL SIGMAS (Fig. 18D). Not very common. Shape robust, symmetrical, apices sharply curved but not incurved, with many thin growth stages (not included in meaurements), 37– 63. 9 –81 × 2.5– 3. 3 –4 μm. De Laubenfels did not mention the presence of ‘normal’ sigmas.</p><p>Distribution and ecology</p><p>California, near Carmel (Marine Ecoregion Northern California). Apparently confined to intertidal and shallow subtidal rocks. De Laubenfels mentions a second locality for this species, Point Fermin, near San Pedro (33.7054° N, 118.2938° W) (Marine Ecoregion Southern Californian Bight).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Lee et al. 2007 redescribed the holotype (as Xestospongia edapha) and provided SEM evidence of the presence of both flagellosigmas and normal sigmas. They gave oxea sizes as 260- 275 -300 × 12-13-15, flagellosigmas 75-(87-96)–118, and normal sigmas 46-(52-81)-118 μm. Except for the highest value of sigma length (which may be a misprint as it is the same as the upper size of the flagellosigmas), their data conform to the present description and are slightly different from De Laubenfels’ original description. Lee et al. (2007) provided illustrations of the holotype and of its skeleton. They treated the name edaphus as an adjective (by adjusting the combination with the genus Xestospongia to edapha), but it is a noun from the Greek, meaning bottom or pavement. For that reason, the name edaphus in its original spelling is retained here.</p><p>Dickinson (1945) reported this species from the (Mexican) Gulf of California (Carmen Island, approximately 25.94° N, 111.09° W) at a depth of 120 m. The oxeas of his specimen measured up to 400 × 18 μm and like De Laubenfels he did not differentiate flagellosigmas from normal sigmas, averaging them together as 40 μm. His pl. 15 fig. 29 shows a ‘distorted’ flagellosigma, which from the magnification provided has a long ending of about 60 μm long, with prominent long upturned curvature. Depth occurrence, larger oxeas and long upturned endings on the flagellosigmas together indicate a likely different species.</p><p>Green &amp; Bakus (1994) reported two specimens, one from a depth of 54–63 m and one from 200 m, collected from the Santa Maria Basin off the coast of Southern California. The descriptions are somewhat confused, and apparently the spicule measurements between the two specimens varied widely. Possibly, the specimen from 54–63 m could conform to H. (F.) edaphus, but the one from 200 m deep appears to be different as the authors gave ‘sigma’ measurements of 13–250 μm, which are not compatible with the sizes from H. (F.) edaphus . Assignment of these deep-water California records awaits proper redescription of the specimens.</p><p>Sim &amp; Kim’s (1988) record of Gellius edaphus from 145 m depth off South Korea (33°N, 127.5° E) is likewise uncertain, as the long ending of the pictured flagellosigma is smaller than 50 μm. Combined with the large geographic distance from the type locality in California, this is sufficient indication of unlikely conspecificity.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/510FEC4E8B609073FEB0FE7D15D6FC32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Van Soest, Rob W. M.	Van Soest, Rob W. M. (2017): Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida). European Journal of Taxonomy 351: 1-48, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.351
510FEC4E8B629073FE8CFC14169DF853.text	510FEC4E8B629073FE8CFC14169DF853.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haliclona (Flagellia) anataria (Levi & Levi 1983) Van Soest 2017	<div><p>Haliclona (Flagellia) anataria (Lévi &amp; Lévi, 1983) subgen. et comb. nov.</p><p>Gellius anatarius Lévi &amp; Lévi, 1983: 976, fig. 37.</p><p>Description (from Lévi &amp; Lévi 1983)</p><p>Small grey specimen of 2 × 4 mm encrusting the internal valve of a bivalve mollusk. The surface and interior is clathrate, with cavities of 0.5–2 mm diameter. The skeletal architecture is reticulated and irregularly unispicular. Oxeas are 650–800 × 25–30 μm, flagellosigmas ovoid with upturned long endings and wide-angled short endings, longest axis 125–130 μm, width 70–85 μm, normal sigmas (common) 100–120 × 2–3 μm.</p><p>Distribution and ecology</p><p>New Caledonia, 22.5333° S, 166.4167° E, depth 430–500 m (Marine Ecoregion New Caledonia).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The name anatarius (‘duck-like’, referring to the upturned long ending) is changed to anataria to match the female gender of Haliclona . Due to the large oxeas and sigmas this species can clearly be associated with the known species of Haliclona (Flagellia) subgen. nov. The flagellosigmas are similar in shape to those of species from nearby Indonesia (H. (F.) indonesiae subgen. et sp. nov., H. (F.) hamata, H. (F.) hentscheli subgen. et nom. nov.), of the Seychelles species H. (F.) amirantensis subgen. et sp. nov., and to a lesser extent of the Guyanan H. (F.) hajdui subgen. et sp. nov.</p><p>Lévi (1993) provided an additional New Caledonia deep-water (500 m) record of material belonging to Haliclona (Flagellia) subgen. nov. (reported as a Gellius flagellifer), which is definitely not assignable to H. (F.) anataria, as it has oxeas of 300–350 × 10 μm, flagellosigmas with straight long endings, 70–105 μm, and two size categories of sigmas, 25–35 and 40–55 μm. Further study is necessary to determine whether it belongs to H. (F.) flagellifera or perhaps to one of the above described species, e.g., H. (F.) hentscheli subgen. et nom. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/510FEC4E8B629073FE8CFC14169DF853	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Van Soest, Rob W. M.	Van Soest, Rob W. M. (2017): Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida). European Journal of Taxonomy 351: 1-48, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.351
510FEC4E8B639072FD96FEF01657FC2D.text	510FEC4E8B639072FD96FEF01657FC2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haliclona (Flagellia) Van Soest 2017	<div><p>Haliclona (Flagellia) spp.</p><p>Based on literature data only, it is not possible to estimate which of the many records of Gellius / Desmacella / Sigmadocia / Adocia / Hemigellius / Haliclona flagellifer (a), vagabundus (a), and edaphus (a) (see above in the historic overview and in the Remarks sections of the species) are assignable to already named species. A non-exhaustive list of references to potential additional separate species is presented here, following the same geographic order as presented in this study.</p><p>(1) Andaman Sea, deep water (cf. Burton 1928)</p><p>(2) Southern Red Sea (cf. Burton 1959b)</p><p>(3) Kerguelen Islands (cf. Boury-Esnault &amp; Van Beveren 1992)</p><p>(4) New Zealand (cf. Dendy 1924; Bergquist &amp; Warne 1980)</p><p>(5) Antarctica (cf. Burton 1938; Göcke &amp; Janussen 2013)</p><p>(6) South Africa, shallow water (cf. Samaai &amp; Gibbons 2005)</p><p>(7) Namibia, deep water (cf. Uriz 1987, 1988)</p><p>(8) California, deep water (cf. Green &amp; Bakus 1994)</p><p>(9) Baja California (cf. Dickinson 1945)</p><p>(10) Japan (cf. Hoshino 1981)</p><p>(11) Korea (cf. Sim &amp; Kim 1988)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/510FEC4E8B639072FD96FEF01657FC2D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Van Soest, Rob W. M.	Van Soest, Rob W. M. (2017): Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida). European Journal of Taxonomy 351: 1-48, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.351
