taxonID	type	description	language	source
6C448F750B2A5936B7B7A3559EDC7CCC.taxon	description	Figs 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Zúñiga-Reinoso, Álvaro, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Predel, Reinhard (2025): Morphological and molecular revision of the subfamily Heterolepismatinae (Zygentoma, Lepismatidae), with descriptions of two new genera from the Atacama Desert, Chile. ZooKeys 1260: 233-278, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.151902
6C448F750B2A5936B7B7A3559EDC7CCC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. As indicated for the new genus Cactisma gen. nov.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Zúñiga-Reinoso, Álvaro, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Predel, Reinhard (2025): Morphological and molecular revision of the subfamily Heterolepismatinae (Zygentoma, Lepismatidae), with descriptions of two new genera from the Atacama Desert, Chile. ZooKeys 1260: 233-278, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.151902
6C448F750B2A5936B7B7A3559EDC7CCC.taxon	description	Description. Habitus as in Fig. 11; body shape subcylindrical, more slender than Lapidisma paposanum sp. nov. Body length of holotype: 7.5 mm. Maximum body length observed in type series: 8.5 mm. Maximum preserved length antennae is 4.8 mm, but in live specimens antennae are as long as the body or slightly shorter. Epidermic pigment present, light brownish, only intense on margins of head, antennae, palps, urotergite X, styli, and caudal filaments. Macrochaetae smooth, bifid, hyaline, or pale yellowish. Body covered with oval or rounded scales (Fig. 12 A); those with oval shape are the largest, reaching 180 × 110 µm, while the usual size of rounded dorsal and ventral scales is ~ 100 × 100 µm; the apical margin is rounded and the basal margin surrounds the socket forming more or less developed expansions (orbicular scales, Fig. 12 B); all of them have very dense parallel ribs. Scales are also present on coxae, femora and tibiae and apparently absent from the remaining appendages; the shape of femoral and tibial scales is modified (see below). Cephalic capsule with scales, except on clypeus and labrum. Frontal chaetotaxy extends from the periocular areas to the fronto-lateral corner; in the median part of the frons is an area with only a single row of macrochaetae close to the fronto-clypeal suture. The fronto-lateral fringe of macrochaetae has three or four series of macrochaetae, except for a lateral part anterior of the compound eyes where macrochaetae extend to the inner part of the frons forming a subtriangular tuft (Fig. 12 C). The clypeus is mostly covered by a continuous broad fringe of macrochaetae consisting of six to eight irregularly arranged rows, including a row close to the frons; an area without setae on the margin close to the labrum. Labrum with a continuous fringe of densely packed setae of different length, some of which are bifid (Fig. 12 D). Compound eyes usually with 12 ommatidia, sometimes only with 10 or 11 (Fig. 12 D, E). Scape longer than pedicel, both apparently lacking scales and bearing a subapical ring of setae on their dorsal side. Antennal flagellum with chaetic, trichoid, and basiconic sensilla, as well as trichobothria; some basiconic sensilla are grouped in pairs (dyads) or grouped with trichoid sensilla, forming dyads or triads (Fig. 12 G). Mandibles with a well-developed incisive area with several teeth and a reduced molar area; below this area is a tuft of ~ 12 or 13 short macrochaetae and a characteristic long tuft on the basal part of the outer side with ~ 70 macrochaetae (Fig. 12 F). Galea without apical tubercle. Lacinia with six or seven lamellate processes and a row of five or six apically bifid setae (Fig. 13 A). Maxillary palp with its apical article slightly shorter than the antepenultimate, ~ 4.6 – 6.5 × longer than wide and ~ 0.95 – 1.15 × longer than the penultimate (Fig. 13 B). This palp apparently lacks scales and bears some strong setae that are not clearly bifid apically on the apical region of the three basal articles. The apical article usually has three (two in some specimens) styloconic sensilla with a slender cylindrical style that is as long or slightly shorter than the distal width of the article, and four or five apical cones (Fig. 13 C, D). In addition to the styloconic sensilla, a single cylindrical basiconic sensillum type C and four or five basiconic sensilla type B (Fig. 13 D, E). All basiconic and styloconic sensilla are located at the distal part of the apical article; in addition, few coeloconic sensilla distributed over the complete length of article. Labium as in Fig. 13 F, with mentum clearly wider than long, the labial palp with its apical article not widened, the latter ~ 1.15 – 1.35 × longer than wide and only slightly wider (~ 10 %) than the maximum width of the penultimate article (Fig. 13 G, H); it bears five papillae arranged in two curved lines, which can be interpreted as a pattern 3 + 2, but they can be better described as arranged in an oval shape (Fig. 13 G, H). On the outer side of the apical article four or five basiconic sensilla type B and a single basiconic sensillum type C (Fig. 13 I). In addition to the region-specific basiconic sensilla, several coeloconic sensilla are scattered over the entire apical article. Pronotal collar continuous, with obliquely arranged rows of macrochaetae, containing four or five macrochaetae per row in the medio-lateral parts, but only one or two macrochaetae per row in the middle and at the anterolateral corners (Fig. 14 A). Lateral margins of thoracic nota with several macrochaetae, either singly or in groups of two; some of them clearly marginal, while others are inserted at a more submarginal position; the macrochaetae that are not strictly marginal can be considered as reduced combs of only one or two macrochaetae. Two trichobothria likely present on the lateral margins of all thoracic nota; the position of these trichobothria is sometimes not clearly visible when they are broken off. On the pronotum, trichobothria have been observed at 0.49 (anterior trichobothrium) and 0.72 (posterior trichobothrium) of the lateral margins (Fig. 14 A); on the mesonotum, at 0.6 and 0.78 – 0.82, respectively (Fig. 14 B), and on the metanotum at 0.77 and 0.86, respectively (Fig. 14 C). Posterior margins of thoracic nota without setae, except for the most posterior comb of the lateral margin, which is inserted at the posterolateral corner; these posterolateral combs consist of two large macrochaetae and one or two smaller setae inserted posteriorly to the macrochaetae, close to the margin of the notum (Fig. 14 D, also visible in Fig. 14 A-C). Presternum of prothorax short, with two transverse irregular rows of macrochaetae (Fig. 13 B). Thoracic sternites with parabolic shape, as in Fig. 14 E-G. Prosternum (Fig. 14 E) ~ 1.27 × longer than wide, with convex posterior margin, slightly rounded; 1 + 1 antedistal combs with three or four macrochaetae each. Apart from antedistal combs, there is a row of thin setae inserted on both lateral margins from the base to the level of these combs (setae are absent on anterior and posterior margins). Mesosternum (Fig. 14 F) similar in shape to the prosternum, with 1 + 1 antedistal combs with four or five macrochaetae each, its lateral margins bearing setae only in the posterior 1 / 2, anterior to the position of combs. Metasternum (Fig. 14 G) shorter, slightly wider than long (ratio length / width ~ 0.93), its posterior margin straight in the middle, truncated; with 1 + 1 small posterior combs of two or three macrochaetae; marginal setae only on the posterior 1 / 3 of the lateral margin, directly anterior to the combs. Coxae with rounded orbicular scales similar to those covering the body (but slightly smaller) and with an anterior row of densely packed macrochaetae, those on the apical part of the article form short oblique combs of two or three macrochaetae; the posterior margin of coxae has a row of very few widely spaced macrochaetae (Fig. 15 A). Femora with small scales, subtriangular, with the apex truncated or bifid (with a median indentation) that cover the inner side of the article and the anterior margin of the outer side (Fig. 15 B, C). Tibiae with scales similar to those of the femora, visible only on the inner side of the article (oriented ventrally). The size of these modified scales is smaller, femoral ones ~ 65 × 28 µm and those of tibiae ~ 45 × 22 µm. Apical margin of femora with a conspicuous row of long macrochaetae on their inner side (Fig. 15 D). Tibiae with one or two dorsal and 2 – 4 ventral strong macrochaetae that are shorter than the width of the article. Metatibiae with a long trichobothrium inserted on the basal 1 / 2 of their anterior side (Fig. 15 E). Ratio length / width of tibiae: ~ 2.3 – 3.3 for protibiae, 3.3 for mesotibiae and ~ 4 for metatibiae; metatibiae are 1.5 – 1.55 × longer than protibiae. First tarsomere of metatarsus ~ 0.58 × the length of metatibiae, 1.4 × longer than the corresponding tarsomere 2, 2.8 × longer than tarsomere 3 and 1.65 × longer than tarsomere 4. For the protarsus, these proportions are 0.45, 1.75, 2.25, and 2.1 respectively. Pretarsal claws smooth, as in Fig. 15 F. Medial empodial claw shorter than 1 / 2 the length of lateral claws and faintly striated. Urotergite I with 1 + 1 combs of two macrochaetae inserted infralaterally and an isolated comb in lateral position that can be accompanied by a smaller macrochaeta inserted obliquely (Fig. 16 A). Urotergites II-VII with 3 + 3 combs of macrochaetae; infralateral combs consisting of 3 – 5 macrochaetae, lateral combs with two or three macrochaetae and sublateral combs small, with one or two macrochaetae (Fig. 16 B-E); when they are formed by two, they are arranged obliquely, one of the two macrochaetae smaller and posterior to the other. Urotergite VIII with 2 + 2 combs of macrochaetae inserted on infralateral and submedian position, the infralateral with two or three macrochaetae and the submedian with the usual two macrochaetae arranged obliquely (Fig. 16 F). Urotergite IX lacking setae. Urotergite X short trapezoidal, with setae inserted only on their lateral margins; the posterior margin straight (Fig. 16 E, G). Urosternite I without setae. Urosternites II-VII with 1 + 1 isolated macrochaetae in lateral positions (Fig. 17 A), in the holotype one of the lateral macrochaetae is missing on urosternite VII. The isolated macrochaeta on each side is usually accompanied by several small setae (Fig. 17 B). Coxites VIII with a comb of two setae on their posterior margin (Fig. 17 C). Coxite IX only with marginal setae on their inner and outer processes; the single macrochaeta on the apex of the inner process cannot be considered as marginal. In females, inner process of the coxite IX ~ 1.6 × longer than wide at the base and ~ 4 – 5 × longer than the outer process (Fig. 17 D). Only one pair of styli on the ninth segment; these styli are large, with dark pigment, and 2.2 – 2.3 × longer than the inner process of the coxite IX. Ovipositor of primary type, very long (Fig. 17 D), its apex as in Fig. 17 E, surpassing the length of styli IX by 2.7 – 3.1 × and the apex of coxites IX by ~ 7.5 – 8 ×. Gonapophyses with 43 – 45 divisions. Paraprocts and epiproct large, the apex of the epiproct reaching or even surpassing the level of the hind margin of the urotergite X, with a median indentation (Fig. 17 F). Caudal filaments bearing bifid macrochaetae, trichobothria, chaetic and trichoid sensilla; apparently lacking scales (Fig. 17 E). Male unknown.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Zúñiga-Reinoso, Álvaro, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Predel, Reinhard (2025): Morphological and molecular revision of the subfamily Heterolepismatinae (Zygentoma, Lepismatidae), with descriptions of two new genera from the Atacama Desert, Chile. ZooKeys 1260: 233-278, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.151902
6C448F750B2A5936B7B7A3559EDC7CCC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name camanchaca refers to the local name given to the fog that rises from the Pacific Ocean and regularly provides water to the coastal region of the Atacama Desert.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Zúñiga-Reinoso, Álvaro, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Predel, Reinhard (2025): Morphological and molecular revision of the subfamily Heterolepismatinae (Zygentoma, Lepismatidae), with descriptions of two new genera from the Atacama Desert, Chile. ZooKeys 1260: 233-278, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.151902
EE24BF0882D757DF842FAAF7CA495871.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Cactisma camanchaca sp. nov.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Zúñiga-Reinoso, Álvaro, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Predel, Reinhard (2025): Morphological and molecular revision of the subfamily Heterolepismatinae (Zygentoma, Lepismatidae), with descriptions of two new genera from the Atacama Desert, Chile. ZooKeys 1260: 233-278, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.151902
EE24BF0882D757DF842FAAF7CA495871.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized silverfish (adults reaching 6.5 – 8.5 mm). Body shape slender, fusiform. Antennae as long or slightly shorter than body; caudal filaments almost as long as body length. Epidermal pigment scarce, dorsal scales pigmented. Scales covering the body dorsally and ventrally (including coxae) rounded to oval, orbicular, with more or less developed process surrounding sockets, multi-radiate and of diverse sizes. Scales absent on clypeus, labrum, antennae, maxillary and labial palps, abdominal styli, ovipositor, and caudal filaments. Scales of femora and tibiae with modified shape; smaller, subtriangular, narrow, with apical margin truncate or bifid, with a median indentation. Macrochaetae smooth, apically bifurcate. Compound eyes with 12 ommatidia, sometimes only 10 or 11 ommatidia developed. Frontal chaetotaxy concentrated on lateral parts, with a wide gap in the middle showing only one row of setae. Clypeus almost vertical, with a continuous transverse field of macrochaetae. Labrum with several irregularly arranged bifid setae. Antennae with trichobothria and also with chaetic, trichoid, and basiconic sensilla. Maxillary palps with the apical article bearing two or three styloconic sensilla, several basiconic sensilla type B and a single basiconic sensillum type C. Apical article of the labial palp with five papillae arranged in an oval shape, outer lateral part with several basiconic sensilla type B and a single basiconic sensillum type C. Anterior margin of pronotum with setal collar. Lateral margins of thoracic nota with several macrochaetae, most of them isolated, in some places forming a small comb of two macrochaetae; there are 1 + 1 posterior combs of two macrochaetae in a very lateral position, leaving the posterior margin bare. Trichobothrial areas open (Type 1 according to Mendes’ classification). Thoracic sternites parabolic, with convex or slightly truncated hind margins. Coxae with rows of macrochaetae on their anterior margin that are arranged in indistinct combs; the posterior margins with a single row of few long and thin macrochaetae. Tarsi consisting of four articles; pretarsus with two smooth claws and a medial empodial claw. Urotergites I-VIII with 3 + 3 combs of macrochaetae; the submedian combs sometimes consisting of only one macrochaeta. Urotergite IX without setae. Urotergite X short trapezoidal, with straight hind margin, several setae on its lateral margins and posterolateral edges; lacking clear combs. Urosternite I devoid of setae. Urosternites II-VII with 1 + 1 single macrochaetae; coxite VIII of females with one or two macrochaetae. One pair of abdominal styli. Females with a slender ovipositor of the primary type. Male unknown.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Zúñiga-Reinoso, Álvaro, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Predel, Reinhard (2025): Morphological and molecular revision of the subfamily Heterolepismatinae (Zygentoma, Lepismatidae), with descriptions of two new genera from the Atacama Desert, Chile. ZooKeys 1260: 233-278, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.151902
EE24BF0882D757DF842FAAF7CA495871.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This generic name is a fusion of the words ‘ cactus’ and ‘ lepisma’, the latter used for most genera of Lepismatidae. Cactus derives through Latin from the ancient Greek word κάκτος used for an indetermined spiny plant and currently used for designating plants belonging to the family Cactaceae; decaying specimens of these plants provide the habitat where this new silverfish has been found. The grammatical gender of this genus is neuter.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Zúñiga-Reinoso, Álvaro, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Predel, Reinhard (2025): Morphological and molecular revision of the subfamily Heterolepismatinae (Zygentoma, Lepismatidae), with descriptions of two new genera from the Atacama Desert, Chile. ZooKeys 1260: 233-278, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.151902
2E11EB07B5FD5E56AC74579C5E722020.taxon	description	Figs 19, 20	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Zúñiga-Reinoso, Álvaro, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Predel, Reinhard (2025): Morphological and molecular revision of the subfamily Heterolepismatinae (Zygentoma, Lepismatidae), with descriptions of two new genera from the Atacama Desert, Chile. ZooKeys 1260: 233-278, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.151902
2E11EB07B5FD5E56AC74579C5E722020.taxon	description	Other characteristics of this Argentine species are detailed below. Frontal fringe of macrochaetae continuous, without a clear median gap, approximately three or four rows of macrochaetae in the middle, with a wider triangular area laterally between frons and compound eyes (Fig. 19 A). Clypeus with 1 + 1 lateral tufts of macrochaetae (Fig. 19 A); scales not visible. Labrum with several bifid macrochaetae irregularly arranged in a transverse fringe. Scales on scapus lanceolate, with a small indentation at their apex (Fig. 19 B); scales on pedicel not detected. Several types of sensilla have been observed on the flagellum (chaetic, trichoid and trichobothria). Apical article of the maxillary palp bearing three small styloconic sensilla with few short cones; scales not observed on maxillary palp. Pronotal collar continuous, with abundant macrochaetae arranged in two to five rows (Fig. 19 C). Lateral margins of thoracic nota with several macrochaetae that in some cases are arranged in small combs of two or three macrochaetae and in some others they do not form clearly defined combs; in some positions isolated macrochaetae, which can be interpreted as reduced lateral combs; at the posterolateral corner there are 1 + 1 of such reduced combs of macrochaetae that consists of one to three macrochaetae and some small trichoid sensilla. Posterior margins of thoracic nota without setae (Fig. 19 C, D). Two pairs of trichobothria on each notum; on the pronotum, only a single trichobothrium detected at 0.69 of the lateral margin; this is probably the posterior trichobothrium. On the mesonotum, the anterior trichobothrium at 0.59 of the lateral margins and the posterior trichobothrium at 0.75 (Fig. 19 D). On the metanotum, anterior and posterior trichobothria are observed at 0.65 and 0.79 of the lateral margins, respectively (Fig. 19 E). Thoracic sternites parabolic, with 1 + 1 antedistal combs of three or four macrochaetae each (Fig. 19 F, G); these sternites are broken, and the prosternum is also bent on the slide, so their ratio length / width is not indicated. Scales of femora and tibiae lanceolate, with a small indentation at the apex (Fig. 20 A, B); tibial scales slightly smaller than femoral ones. Urotergites I-IV with 3 + 3 combs, the infralateral comb with four or five macrochaetae, the lateral combs with three or four macrochaetae, and the submedian comb is reduced to one or two macrochaetae (Fig. 20 C). Urotergites V-VII damaged, urotergite VIII with 2 + 2 combs (the submedian comb is missing). Urotergite IX apparently lacking setae; urotergite X short, convex, subtriangular to truncate, with the posterior margin almost straight (Fig. 20 D), with some marginal macrochaetae that do not form visible combs. Urosternite I damaged; urosternites II-VI with 1 + 1 combs of three or four macrochaetae (Fig. 20 E). Chaetotaxy of abdominal segment VII not clearly observed. Coxites VIII with a small comb of three macrochaetae, apparently lacking styli, so there is only one pair of styli on segment IX. Inner process of the coxite IX ~ 1.35 × longer than wide and 3.6 × longer than the outer process (Fig. 20 F). The styli are ~ 2.3 × longer than the inner process of the coxite IX. Ovipositor of the primary type, short, with ~ 32 or more divisions, surpassing the apex of styli only by 0.5 × and surpassing the apex of the inner process of the coxite IX by 2.2 × (Fig. 20 F); the available specimen seems to be subadult (suggested by the short divisions of gonapophyses) so it is likely that the ovipositor is longer in adult females. Epiproct densely covered by macrochaetae. Caudal filaments broken, their basal divisions apparently without scales (Fig. 20 D). Male specimens not available.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Zúñiga-Reinoso, Álvaro, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Predel, Reinhard (2025): Morphological and molecular revision of the subfamily Heterolepismatinae (Zygentoma, Lepismatidae), with descriptions of two new genera from the Atacama Desert, Chile. ZooKeys 1260: 233-278, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.151902
9D4D17FFCCA5596A972621BD9E914EFE.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Lapidisma paposanum sp. nov.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Zúñiga-Reinoso, Álvaro, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Predel, Reinhard (2025): Morphological and molecular revision of the subfamily Heterolepismatinae (Zygentoma, Lepismatidae), with descriptions of two new genera from the Atacama Desert, Chile. ZooKeys 1260: 233-278, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.151902
9D4D17FFCCA5596A972621BD9E914EFE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized silverfish (adults reaching 7.0 – 8.5 mm). Body shape fusiform, with thorax slightly wider than the abdomen base. Antennae as long as body or a little longer; caudal filaments slightly shorter than body. Epidermal pigment present, dorsal scales pigmented. Multi-radiate orbicular scales, rounded to subquadrangular, covering the body dorsally and ventrally, also present on coxae and clypeus. Scales of femora and tibiae ovoid, wide, smaller than those of coxae and body, with their base not orbicular (not surrounding the socket). Subtriangular apically truncate scales present on scape and pedicel of antennae and basal articles of maxillary palps; some scales showing this shape are also present on femora. Scales absent from labrum, apical articles of maxillary palps, labial palps, tarsi, and abdominal styli; caudal filaments with some narrow lanceolate scales. Macrochaetae smooth, apically bifurcate. Compound eyes with 12 ommatidia. Frontal chaetotaxy concentrated on lateral parts, with a wide gap in the middle. Clypeus almost vertical, with 1 + 1 lateral tufts of macrochaetae and rounded scales. Labrum folded backwards, with a transverse group of macrochaetae not forming clear lateral tufts. Antennae with trichobothria and also with chaetic, trichoid, coeloconic and several types of basiconic sensilla. Galea with a small apical peg. Maxillary palp with the apical article bearing basiconic sensilla types B and C, and a longitudinal row of three styloconic sensilla. Apical article of the labial palp with five typical papillae arranged in a jagged line, not clearly forming two lines, nor a straight one; the outer lateral area with basiconic sensilla types B and C. Anterior margin of pronotum with setal collar. Lateral margins of thoracic nota with several macrochaetae, most of them isolated, in some places forming implied combs of two macrochaetae; posterior margin devoid of setae. Trichobothrial areas open, Type 1 according to classification of Mendes (1986). Thoracic sternites parabolic, with convex or slightly truncated hind margin. Coxae with a row of macrochaetae on their anterior margin and on the posterior margin. Metatibiae bearing a long anterior trichobothrium. Tarsi with four articles; pretarsal claws typical, with a short striated medial empodial claw. Urotergites I-VIII with 3 + 3 combs of macrochaetae; those at submedian position can consist of 1 – 2 + 1 – 2 macrochaetae (when two are present, they are inserted very close together and arranged obliquely to the posterior margin of the tergite). Urotergite IX devoid of setae. Urotergite X short trapezoidal, with hind margin almost straight or with its median part slightly convex, with several setae on their lateral margins, lacking combs. Urosternite I without setae. Urosternites II-VIII in male and II-VII in female with 1 + 1 single macrochaetae; each coxite VIII of females also with only one isolated macrochaeta. Four pairs of abdominal styli in both sexes. Parameres ovoid or short subcylindrical, with a division delimiting an apical part with some glandular setae. Females with a thin ovipositor of the primary type.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Zúñiga-Reinoso, Álvaro, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Predel, Reinhard (2025): Morphological and molecular revision of the subfamily Heterolepismatinae (Zygentoma, Lepismatidae), with descriptions of two new genera from the Atacama Desert, Chile. ZooKeys 1260: 233-278, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.151902
9D4D17FFCCA5596A972621BD9E914EFE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This generic name is a fusion of the words lapidum and lepisma, this latter used for most genera of silverfish belonging to the family Lepismatidae. Lapidum is the genitive plural form of lapis, a Latin word that means stone, and refers to the usual habitat of this insect, which is found associated with stones, usually under them. Thus, the literal translation of the word would be ‘ the silverfish of stones’. The grammatical gender of this genus is neuter following the opinion of ICZN (2018) for all genera derived from Lepisma.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Zúñiga-Reinoso, Álvaro, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Predel, Reinhard (2025): Morphological and molecular revision of the subfamily Heterolepismatinae (Zygentoma, Lepismatidae), with descriptions of two new genera from the Atacama Desert, Chile. ZooKeys 1260: 233-278, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.151902
C01ACF8364C153AE8CA0E3740EBDB8FA.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Zúñiga-Reinoso, Álvaro, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Predel, Reinhard (2025): Morphological and molecular revision of the subfamily Heterolepismatinae (Zygentoma, Lepismatidae), with descriptions of two new genera from the Atacama Desert, Chile. ZooKeys 1260: 233-278, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.151902
C01ACF8364C153AE8CA0E3740EBDB8FA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. As indicated for the genus. Infralateral combs with 6 – 8 macrochaetae (L. annectens has 5 macrochaetae on each infralateral comb). Ovipositor surpassing the apex of coxites IX by ~ 3.6 × their length (~ 5 × in L. annectens).	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Zúñiga-Reinoso, Álvaro, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Predel, Reinhard (2025): Morphological and molecular revision of the subfamily Heterolepismatinae (Zygentoma, Lepismatidae), with descriptions of two new genera from the Atacama Desert, Chile. ZooKeys 1260: 233-278, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.151902
C01ACF8364C153AE8CA0E3740EBDB8FA.taxon	description	Description. Habitus as in Fig. 1. Body length of holotype: 8 mm. Maximum body length observed in type series: 8.5 mm. Maximum preserved length of antennae in type specimens is 5 mm, but in live specimens antennae are as long as the body or slightly longer. Epidermal pigment present, brownish or brownish-violet, more intense on head, antennae (where it is uniform), legs (especially on tibiae, first tarsomere and apex of femora), lateral margins of dorsal plates, hind margins of urotergites, darker on the posterior segments and caudal filaments; ventrally, the pigment is more intense on the outer margins of coxites IX in both sexes and on the apex of parameres in males. Macrochaetae smooth, bifid, hyaline or yellowish. Body covered with orbicular scales (i. e., with lateral expansions surrounding the socket), their shapes are rounded or ovoid to subquadrangular (Fig. 2 A, B); rounded ones are ~ 75 µm long, but some large subquadrangular can reach 170 × 100 µm; they show very dense parallel ribs, which are sometimes slightly convergent in the middle of the distal margin. Scales are also present on scape and pedicel, on the basal part of the maxillary palp, on legs (except tarsi) and on caudal filaments; the shape and size of these scales on appendages are modified compared to those covering the body, except for those on coxae. Compound eyes with 12 ommatidia (Fig. 2 C). Cephalic capsule with rounded scales, except on labrum. Frontal chaetotaxy extending from the periocular areas to the middle, where there is a median gap without setae (Fig. 3 A). This marginal field of macrochaetae has two or three rows, including the periocular areas; only in the area close to the insertion of antennae there is a group of macrochaetae where additional macrochaetae can be observed. There are 1 + 1 lateral tufts of macrochaetae covering the clypeus; they can be clearly separated in the middle or relatively close together, without a wide median gap; the distal area of the clypeus bears two or three rows of rounded scales similar to those covering the head. Labrum with a continuous field of setae on its basal part and a row of five or six small setae of heterogeneous length in its distal part; the labrum is more or less folded backwards (Fig. 3 B). Scape longer than pedicel, both with subtriangular scales, smaller than those covering the body (~ 50 × 20 µm), frequently showing a median indentation at their truncated apex, and in this case, they can be described as bifid (Fig. 3 C, D). Antennal flagellum with chaetic, trichoid, and basiconic sensilla, as well as trichobothria. The latter are visible on all annuli, at least two per flagellomere in the basal area of the flagellum (Fig. 3 D), more widely spaced in the distal part. Chaetic sensilla arranged in a row (ring) around each flagellomere, similar to setae of the body, but not bifid apically and slightly flattened. Trichoid sensilla present on most flagellomeres; similar to chaetic sensilla but thinner and shorter. Two types of basiconic sensilla visible in SEM images, attributed to types A and C described by Adel (1984); in addition, coeloconic sensilla have been detected (Fig. 4 A). Mandibles with an incisive and a molar area, with an outer field of ~ 75 – 90 macrochaetae; below the molar area there is a small tuft of seven short macrochaetae (Fig. 4 B). Galea with a small apical tubercle (Fig. 4 C). Lacinia with ~ 7 lamellate processes and a row of six setae, at least one of them apically bifid. Maxillary palp with its apical article ~ 4.3 – 5.4 × longer than wide and shorter or longer than the penultimate (ratio length of the last article / length of the penultimate ~ 0.75 – 1.27). In the basal part of the palp, the second article has some bifid setae and several subtriangular scales, very small (~ 30 µm long) and narrow, with truncated apical margin (Fig. 4 D). The apical article has a longitudinal row of three styloconic sensilla with a very slender cylindrical style and five or six apical cones (Fig. 5 A, B), a distal basiconic sensillum type C and at least four basiconic sensilla type B (Fig. 5 A). Labium as in Fig. 5 C, with mentum clearly wider than long, the labial palp with a widened apical article (maximum width 1.1 × wider than its length and 1.6 × the maximum width of the penultimate article) which bears five papillae arranged in a jagged line; they could be described as arranged in two lines of 3 + 2 papillae, but these rows are very close together (Fig. 5 C, D). In one specimen, an apical article has only four papillae (3 + 1). A single basiconic sensillum type C and four or five basiconic sensilla type B in the outer lateral part of the apical article (Fig. 5 D-F). Pronotum with a setal collar consisting of three or four rows of macrochaetae that are gradually reduced to a single row in the middle and at the anterolateral corners (Fig. 6 A). The three thoracic nota with several marginal macrochaetae on their lateral margins and lacking setae on the posterior margins. Apart from marginal macrochaetae, some submarginal macrochaetae on lateral margins, arranged in small combs. On the pronotum, three combs of two macrochaetae on the anterior part of the lateral margin, and another one on the posterolateral corner bearing two macrochaetae; this latter comb cannot be considered as a posterior comb. Between the anterior combs and the posterolateral one, there is a section of the lateral margin with only some isolated submarginal macrochaetae; several of these (two to five on each side) can be interpreted as combs formed by one macrochaeta. Some small setae and curved trichoid sensilla are associated with these combs. Trichobothrial areas difficult to see because trichobothrial hairs are mostly detached, but one trichobothrium confirmed at ~ 0.55 of the length of the lateral side, which can be interpreted as an anterior trichobothrial area (Fig. 6 A); in other specimen a trichobothrium was detected in a more posterior position, at ~ 0.64 the length of the notum, corresponding to a posterior trichobothrial area (Fig. 6 B). Mesonotum with 9 + 9 combs of macrochaetae, those on the anterior part of the lateral margin with two or three macrochaetae, and the most posterior ones with one or two macrochaetae (the one at the posterolateral edge has two). One trichobothrium, apparently not associated with a comb, on the lateral margin at ~ 0.6 of its length, and another one of another specimen at a more posterior position, associated with the penultimate lateral comb, at ~ 0.8 of the length of the mesonotum (Fig. 6 C). The metanotum (Fig. 6 D) has 10 + 10 combs of one or three macrochaetae, the number of combs with three macrochaetae is lower than on the mesonotum and these are present in the anterior part of the lateral margin. A lateral trichobothrium on the posterior part of the lateral margin at ~ 0.8 of the length of the metanotum; the position of the anterior trichobothrium has not been clearly discerned. Presternum of prothorax with two transverse rows of macrochaetae. Prosternum subquadrangular to cordiform, slightly longer than its maximum width (ratio L / W ~ 1.1), with 1 + 1 antedistal combs of two or three macrochaetae, its hind margin truncate or slightly rounded (Fig. 6 E, F); lateral margins with several thin and long setae. Mesosternum with a similar ratio L / W and shape; the 1 + 1 antedistal combs with three or four macrochaetae, and with a lower number of thin and long setae in its lateral margin (Fig. 6 G). Metasternum wider than long; ratio L / W ~ 0.81; 1 + 1 combs of two or three macrochaetae; thin and long setae less abundant and limited to the posterior part of the lateral margin. The hind margin of this sternite widely rounded (Fig. 6 H). Anterior margin of coxae with a dense row of macrochaetae, usually arranged in oblique combs of two or three macrochaetae; the posterior margin with one row of few macrochaetae, mainly inserted on the distal part of the article (Fig. 6 I). Femora covered with scales, more numerous on the inner (ventral) side, where they are oval to rounded, smaller than those covering the body (~ 60 – 70 µm long), with the apical margin truncated, with some shallow indentations (Fig. 7 A); on the outer (dorsal) side, scales are limited to the antero-apical area and their shape is more heterogeneous, some of them are narrower and / or are bifurcated on their apical margin (Fig. 7 B). The inner side of tibiae is covered with rounded to oval scales, similar in shape to those of femora, but smaller (most of them are <50 µm long; see Fig. 7 A); the outer side of this article is apparently devoid of scales, only covered with setae (Fig. 7 B). Most setae of femora and tibiae detached and only their insertions are visible; some insertions are larger, suggesting that they correspond to small macrochaetae. When preserved, macrochaetae are shorter than the diameter of tibiae; on protibiae one macrochaeta is present on the median part of the anterior (dorsal) margin and three are visible on the hind margin (one basal, one median and one subapical; see Fig. 7 C); on metatibiae two insertions are visible on the anterior margin and the number of macrochaetae is higher at the posterior margin, but variable in the available specimens; in SEM images insertions of setae with an intermediate size are visible, smaller than insertions of macrochaetae and larger than those of normal setae (Fig. 7 A). Protibiae ~ 3.4 – 3.9 × longer than wide; metatibiae ~ 4.1 – 4.7 × longer than wide and ~ 1.25 × longer than protibiae. Tarsomeres lacking scales; tarsomere 1 of the third leg ~ 0.57 × the length of the metatibiae, 2.25 × longer than the tarsomere 2, ~ 4 × longer than the tarsomere 3 and 2.2 × longer than the fourth tarsomere; these proportions in the first leg are 0.55, 2.4, 3, and 2, respectively. Pretarsal claws smooth, as in Fig. 7 C; the medial empodial claw ~ 1 / 2 the length of lateral claws. Urotergites I-VIII with 3 + 3 combs of macrochaetae. The infralateral combs bear 6 – 8 macrochaetae and the lateral combs 3 – 5. At a submedian position there are one or two macrochaetae on each side (Fig. 8 A, E) which are interpreted as reduced submedian combs. When the submedian comb consists of two macrochaetae, they are either of equal size or the more posterior one is smaller (Fig. 8 A, D, E). In several cases (for example, on the urotergite VII of the holotype), the smaller macrochaeta is absent (Fig. 8 C) or even the entire comb disappears (for example, the holotype has an asymmetric chaetotaxy on urotergite VI, with 2 + 3 combs, lacking the submedian one on one side and, on the other side, there is only one macrochaeta). Some small setae are inserted posteriorly to the combs, close to the hind margin of the tergite. Urotergite IX reduced in length and lacking setae. Urotergite X short, with hind margin convex, almost straight or rounded, in some specimens forming an ill-defined obtuse subtriangular area in the middle (Fig. 8 E) and in some others slightly concave (Fig. 8 F); it has only some setae on their lateral margins but lacks combs of macrochaetae. Urosternite I devoid of setae, its median part is broken in the holotype (but visible in another specimen; see Fig. 7 A). Urosternites II-VIII with 1 + 1 isolated lateral macrochaetae (Figs 7 A, 9 A). Each of these macrochaetae is accompanied by some smaller setae; frequently, one or two of these can be identified as trichoid sensilla surrounding the larger macrochaetae posteriorly. In males, the urosternites VIII entire (not divided into two lateral coxites), with a straight hind margin between the styli (Fig. 9 B, C); in females, each coxite VIII has, apart from the isolated macrochaeta inserted on the hind margin outwards to the stylus, another macrochaeta inserted inwards, accompanied by two smaller setae (Fig. 9 D). Four pairs of abdominal styli in both sexes, inserted on segments VI-IX (Fig. 9). Coxites IX of males as in Fig. 9 H, I, with the inner process ~ 1.15 × longer than wide at its base and 4 × longer than the outer process. In females, the inner process of the ninth coxite is ~ 1.4 – 1.5 × longer than wide at its base and 3.5 × longer than the outer process (Fig. 9 D). The margins of the processes of coxites IX are covered by numerous long and thin setae. Males bear ovoid parameres, divided into a basal portion and an apical segment, this one bearing two small groups of glandular setae (Fig. 9 I); the size of parameres is small to medium, not reaching the apex of inner process of coxite IX (the larger ones only slightly shorter in larger specimens, as in Fig. 9 I, some others only with a length ~ 1 / 2 the length of coxite IX, as in Fig. 9 H). The ovipositor has ~ 34 or 35 divisions and surpasses the apex of coxites IX by ~ 3.6 × their length (Fig. 9 D). Apex of gonapophyses VIII as in Fig. 9 J. Epiproct well developed and pigmented, covering the base of the paracercus and almost as long or even longer than the urotergite X, when this tergite has a straight or slightly concave hind margin (Fig. 8 F, G), flanked by two similarly large paraprocts. Terminal filaments pigmented, with at least one ring of macrochaetae on each division; in addition to chaetic and trichoid sensilla, trichobothria, and narrow lanceolate scales with acute or slightly truncated apex (Fig. 9 K; one can be seen in Fig. 9 C).	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Zúñiga-Reinoso, Álvaro, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Predel, Reinhard (2025): Morphological and molecular revision of the subfamily Heterolepismatinae (Zygentoma, Lepismatidae), with descriptions of two new genera from the Atacama Desert, Chile. ZooKeys 1260: 233-278, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.151902
C01ACF8364C153AE8CA0E3740EBDB8FA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name refers to the village of Paposo, where the new silverfish species has been found.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Zúñiga-Reinoso, Álvaro, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Predel, Reinhard (2025): Morphological and molecular revision of the subfamily Heterolepismatinae (Zygentoma, Lepismatidae), with descriptions of two new genera from the Atacama Desert, Chile. ZooKeys 1260: 233-278, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.151902
