identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
507287990C3B4C37B9C0699FFB8BFA7D.text	507287990C3B4C37B9C0699FFB8BFA7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyphoderus Nicolet 1842	<div><p>Genus Cyphoderus Nicolet, 1842</p><p>Diagnosis. Specimens pale white or yellowish, never with dark pigments. Scales present, covering at least the dorsal head and trunk. Antennae shorter than the body length, antennomeres undivided. Eyes completely absent. Dorsal head and trunk oligochaetotaxic, with few macrochaetae and secondary chaetae other than the scales. Trunk sensilla as 1,1/0,1,1,+,3 and microsensilla as 0,0/1,0,1,0,0 from Th. II to Abd. V. Abd. IV with 3+3 bothriotricha; unguiculi large, with a strong outer tooth in the postero-external lamella, tenent hairs capitate or acuminate. Collophore posterior region with few ciliate or smooth chaetae plus spines. Dens smooth and straight, without crenulations, with feathered dorsal chaetae and several ciliate chaetae. Mucro variably elongate without a basal spine, with a variable set of teeth (adapted from Szeptycki 1979; Zhang et al. 2019; Oliveira et al. 2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/507287990C3B4C37B9C0699FFB8BFA7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Souza, Paolla Gabryelle Cavalcante De;Medeiros, Gleyce Da Silva;Bento, Diego De Medeiros;Zeppelini, Douglas;Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante	Souza, Paolla Gabryelle Cavalcante De, Medeiros, Gleyce Da Silva, Bento, Diego De Medeiros, Zeppelini, Douglas, Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante (2024): New cave species of Cyphoderus Nicolet and Pararrhopalites Bonet & Tellez (Hexapoda, Collembola) from Caatinga biome, Brazil. Zootaxa 5474 (3): 201-224, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5474.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5474.3.1
507287990C3B4C3EB9C06B4FFA87F871.text	507287990C3B4C3EB9C06B4FFA87F871.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyphoderus caatinguensis Souza & Medeiros & Bento & Zeppelini & Bellini 2024	<div><p>Cyphoderus caatinguensis sp. nov. Souza, Bellini &amp; Zeppelini</p><p>Figs 1, 3–7, Table 1</p><p>Type material. Holotype male in slide: Brazil, Rio Grande do Norte State, Felipe Guerra, Caverna Boa (05°33’59.5”S; 37°41’52.4”W), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-37.69789&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.566528" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -37.69789/lat -5.566528)">Aphotic</a> zone, 21/VII/2022, Souza, P.G.C, Santos, N. M. C., Lima, E. C. A., Bento, D. M., Freitas, J. I. M. coll. (CC / UFRN) . Paratypes: 1 female in slide, same data of holotype (CC / UFRN); 5 females and 1 juvenile in slide, same data of holotype except 23/VII/2019, Souza, P.G.C, Bellini, B. C., Santos, N. M. C., Bento, D. M., Freitas, J. I. M. coll. (CC / UFRN); and 2 females in slides, same data of holotype except 23/VII/2019, Souza, P.G.C, Bellini, B. C., Santos, N. M. C., Bento, D. M., Freitas, J. I. M. coll. (CRFS / UEPB) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Mandibles normal, not modified. Labial papilla E lateral process finger-shaped, surpassing the apex of the papilla. Labial basal chaetae formula as: m, e, l1–2, a1–5, l2 reduced to a minute smooth chaeta, r chaeta absent. Dorsal head with five antennal macrochaetae (f1–5), A0 macrochaeta present, Pa5 as mesochaeta, other chaetae as microchaetae. Abd. IV with one internal and one external macrochaetae (B4 and E3, respectively). Trochanteral organ with 16–19 spine-like smooth chaetae. Ungues with 4 inner teeth, basal pair asymmetrical (basal posterior tooth much larger than basal anterior one), unpaired apical tooth long and filamentous, tenent hairs capitate. Collophore posterior side with 3 ciliate chaetae (1 unpaired), 2 smooth small spines and 1–3 long, smooth distal chaetae. Dens dorsally with 8–10 inner and 8 outer feathered chaetae. Mucro short and with 4 teeth, belonging to tridenticulati group, with teeth formula as: aAi.</p><p>Description. Body length (head + trunk) of specimens 1.2–2.16 mm (n = 5), holotype 1.87 mm, male with 1.87 mm, females with 1.2–2.16 mm (n= 4). Habitus typical of the genus, specimens totally unpigmented. Scales covering Ant. I–II, ventral and dorsal head, dorsal trunk, lateral and ventral manubrium and dens. Legs and collophore without scales.</p><p>Antennae shorter than the body length. Antennae segments ratio I: II: III: IV of the holotype as 1: 2.36: 1.81: 3.91. Ant. IV without apical bulb, with ciliate chaetae and at least three types of sensilla (types ‘2’ and ‘3’, elongated sensillum; type ‘4’, finger-shaped sensillum; type ‘10’, minute sensillum with rounded apex, sensu Jantarit et al. 2014). Ant. III with 2 sensory rods (type ‘7’ sensu Jantarit et al. 2014) and 2 guard sensilla (type ‘5’ sensu Jantarit et al. 2014). Ant. II with dorsal scales and at least 4 types of sensilla (types ‘2’, ‘3’, ‘4’ and ‘9’). Ant. I with dorsal scales, multiciliate chaetae and 3 smooth chaetae (Fig. 3A). Prelabral chaetae smooth, labral chaetotaxy with 4 (a1–2), 5 (m0–2, m2 shorter than m1) and 5 (p0–2) smooth chaetae, labral papillae absent (Fig. 3B). Clypeal formula with 4 (l1–2), 2 (ft) and 3 (pf0–1) smooth chaetae, pf0 slightly longer than pf1 (Fig. 3B). Mandibles regular, without modifications, asymmetrical, with 5+4 teeth (Fig. 3C). Maxillae capitulum globular, without any clear modifications. Labial palp with 6 papillae, formula of the guards as: H (2), A (0), B (5), C (0), D (4), E (4) + a lateral process finger-shaped and surpassing the apex of papilla E (Fig. 4D). Outer lobe of maxilla with the basal chaeta longer than the apical one, both smooth, sublobal plate with one chaeta-like appendage, oral fold with 2 smooth chaetae (Fig. 3E). Labial basolateral and basomedian fields with chaetae m, e, l1–2 and a1–5 all smooth, l2 reduced to a minute chaeta, r chaeta absent, 5 labial proximal chaetae (lpc), all smooth (Fig. 3F). Ventral postlabial formula of the anterior chaetae as: 4 (G1–4), 2 (X, X4), 4 (H1–4), and 2 (J1–2) chaetae, chaeta X strongly reduced and smooth, posterior region with 2–3 basal chaetae (Fig. 3F). Dorsal head chaetotaxy with 5 antennal macrochaetae (f1–5), 1 anterior macrochaeta (A0) and 4 microchaetae (A1–3, A5), 4 medial microchaetae (M1–4), 6 sutural microchaetae (S0, S2–5), 2 post-sutural microchaetae (Ps2, Ps5), 4 postero-anterior chaetae (Pa2–3 as microchaetae, Pa5 as mesochaeta, Pa as the post-ocular bothriotrichum), plus 1 microchaeta of uncertain homology, 2 postero-medial microchaetae (Pm1–Pm3), 6 post-occipital posterior microchaetae (Pp1?, Pp3–7) and 1 postero-external (Pe3) microchaeta (Fig. 3G).</p><p>Central macrochaetae formula from Th. II to Abd. IV as: 0,0|0,1,0,1, sensilla formula (Th. II–Abd. V) as: 1,1|0,1,1,+,3, microsensilla formula as: 1,0|1,0,1,0,0. Th. II without macrochaetae other than those in the anterior collar, with 3–4 anterior (a2, a3?, a5 plus one microchaeta of uncertain homology), 6 medial (m1–2, m4–m6e?), 6–7 posterior (p1–p6e) microchaetae (Fig. 4A). Th. III with 3 anterior (a2, a6–a7), 4 medial (m6–m6p, m7–m7e) and 4 posterior (p2–4, p6) chaetae (Fig. 4B). Abd. I with 1 ms and 5 medial (m2–m6) microchaetae (Fig. 4C). Abd. II with 5 anterior (a2i, a2, a5–7), 6 medial (m2–3, m3e, m3ep, m6–7) and 2 posterior (p5, p7) chaetae, m2 and a5 as bothriotricha, a2i, a2, and m3e as their accessory chaetae (Fig. 4D). Abd. III with 5 anterior (a2i, a2, a5–7), 9 medial (m2–3, m3e, m3e2, m5, am6, pm6, m7i–m7) and 3 posterior chaetae (p6–7 plus one microchaeta without clear homology), a5, m2, and m5 as bothriotricha, a2, m3e, m3e2 and 2–4 extra ones as their accessory chaetae (Fig. 4E). Abd. IV with chaetae formula as: 4 ‘ A ’ (A3–A6), 4 ‘ B ’ (B3–B6, B4 as macrochaetae), 4–5 ‘ C ’ (C1–4), 7 ‘T’ (T1–7), 3 ‘ D ’ (D1–3), 4 ‘ E ’ (E1–4, E3 as macrochaetae), 3 ‘ F ’ (F1–3) and 3 ‘ Fe ’ (Fe2–4); 1 posterior (ps) and at least 2 internal sensilla, posterior region with 5 transversal mesochaetae and 3–4 pseudopores (Fig. 5A). Abd. V with 5 anterior (a1, a3, a5–6e), 3 medial (m2–3, m5) and 4 posterior (p1, p3–5) main mesochaetae (Fig. 5B).</p><p>Trochanteral organ with 16–19 smooth spine-like chaetae (Figs 6A–B), femur III with several smooth spine-like chaetae similar to those of the trochanteral organ (Fig. 6B). Tibiotarsi I–III with an internal row of finely ciliate, abruptly pointed macrochaetae (Fig. 6C). Ungues with 4 inner teeth, 2 paired basal asymmetrical (basal posterior tooth remarkably larger than basal anterior tooth), 1 unpaired median and 1 unpaired apical tooth longer than the median tooth and filamentous; ungual outer side with one pair of lateral teeth and 1 unpaired dorsal tooth (Figs 6D–F). Unguiculi wing-shaped, with 4 smooth lamellae, anterointernal lamella with a large tooth (Fig. 6D). Tenent hairs capitate, longer than the inner distal smooth chaeta on tibiotarsus III (Fig. 6D).</p><p>Anterior face of collophore (Figs 7A–C) with 2–3 ciliate chaetae, none of them clearly thicker than the others (Fig. 7A), posterior face with 3 ciliate chaetae (1 unpaired), 2 smooth small spines and 1–3 long, smooth chaetae (Fig. 7B). Lateral flap with 2 smooth chaetae (Fig. 7C).</p><p>Dorsal side of manubrium with about 60+60 chaetae. Manubrial plate with 2 chaetae and 2 pseudopores (Fig. 7D). Dens dorsally with 8–10 inner and 8 outer feathered chaetae, with regular ciliate chaetae between the feathered ones; 1 inner smooth or ciliate chaeta near mucro (i1); apex of dens with 1 long, robust feathered chaeta, at least twice as long as the mucro length (Fig. 7E). Mucro of the tridenticulati group, teeth formula as aAi, apical tooth (a) followed by a well-developed tooth (A) plus two paired reduced teeth (i) on the inner and outer lamellae (Fig. 7F). Ratio of mucro:dens:manubrium of holotype = 1:5.7:7.83.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after the Caatinga biome, where Boa cave is located.</p><p>Remarks. The new species is unique within the genus by the combination of the following characters: ungues basal posterior tooth much larger than basal anterior tooth, unpaired apical tooth present, long and filamentous, tenent hairs capitate; femur III with smooth spine-like smooth chaetae; posterior face of collophore with 3 ciliate chaetae (1 unpaired), 2 small, smooth spines and 1 long, smooth distal chaeta; dens dorsally with 8–10 inner and 8 outer feathered chaetae; mucro short, of the tridenticulati group, with tooth formula as: aAi sensu Delamare-Deboutteville (1948).</p><p>Cyphoderus caatinguensis sp. nov. resembles other Neotropical species of the tridenticulati group with similar mucronal teeth formula (aAi or aAA). However, the new species can be distinguished from all of them by the combination of the presence of a single m chaeta on the labial basomedian field and a reduced spiny l2 on the basolateral field, one central macrochaeta on the Abd. IV, ungues with an unpaired apical tooth, long and filamentous, and dens dorsal chaetotaxy (see Table 1). Considering the mucronal morphology and labial and Abd. IV chaetotaxy, C. manuneru Bernard, Soto-Adames &amp; Wynne, 2015 is arguably the closest Neotropical species to Cyphoderus caatinguensis sp. nov., but they can be distinguished from each other by the number of spine-like chaetae on the trochanteral organ (16–19 in C. caatinguensis sp. nov. vs. 10 in C. manuneru), absence of the ungual unpaired apical tooth in C. manuneru (present and filamentous in the new species), tenent hair shape (capitate in the new species vs. acuminate in C. manuneru) and number of the inner and outer dorsal feathered chaetae on dens (8–10 + 8 in C. caatinguensis sp. nov. vs. 4 + 7 in C. manuneru). Further comparisons between the Neotropical species of the tridenticulati group are provided in Table 1.</p><p>It is noteworthy the new species’ absence of pigments and eyes do not constitute any troglomorphism, since such morphology is shared among all Cyphoderini, which can live in many different habitats, including epigeic environments (Delamare-Deboutteville 1948; Thibaud &amp; Najt 1987; Oliveira et al. 2023). On the other hand, the strong modifications of the inner teeth seen in the ungues of C. caatinguensis sp. nov. may actually represent troglomorphic traits, as discussed by Christiansen (1961), despite the new species having tenent hairs capitate, a feature that suggests an edaphic life form. We sampled the entrance of the Boa cave and its external surroundings, as well as several other caves in the region, and did not find any specimens of the new species. This absence provides good evidence of a troglobitic species with a very restricted distribution.</p><p>Habitat, threats and conservation status. Boa cave stands as the sole documented habitat of Cyphoderus caatinguensis sp. nov. It boasts relatively expansive dimensions for the region, spanning approximately 340 meters in length and encompassing a volume exceeding 10,000 m 3 (Fig. 1E). However, its access is limited by a narrow, vertical entrance situated at the base of a sinkhole. Consequently, the microclimate within the cave is characterized by elevated temperatures, high humidity, and remarkable stability.</p><p>This cave has only a small isolated subterranean stream present at its lowest level. Consequently, the primary organic resources for cave fauna consist of extensive patches of guano deposited by thousands of Chiroptera, including the hematophagous hairy-legged vampire bat ( Diphylla ecaudata Spix) common vampire bat ( Desmodus rotundus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire)), the frugivorous flat-faced fruit-eating bat ( Artibeus planirostris (Spix)) and the omnivorous pale spear-nosed bat ( Phyllostomus discolor Wagner) (Vargas-Mena et al. 2018).</p><p>Although Boa Cave and its immediate environs exhibit a relatively preserved state, the limestone outcrop housing the cave has undergone significant alteration owing to irregular limestone mining activities. Furthermore, there are additional areas in the vicinities which have been impacted, mainly due to deforestation and agricultural practices. However, these alterations are situated at a distance from the cave, and it cannot be definitively stated that they are adversely affecting its fauna. Consequently, due to the uncertainties regarding the potential impacts of these human activities on C. caatinguensis sp. nov. could be classified for now as a Data Deficient (DD) species, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s method for assessing the risk of extinction (IUCN 2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/507287990C3B4C3EB9C06B4FFA87F871	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Souza, Paolla Gabryelle Cavalcante De;Medeiros, Gleyce Da Silva;Bento, Diego De Medeiros;Zeppelini, Douglas;Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante	Souza, Paolla Gabryelle Cavalcante De, Medeiros, Gleyce Da Silva, Bento, Diego De Medeiros, Zeppelini, Douglas, Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante (2024): New cave species of Cyphoderus Nicolet and Pararrhopalites Bonet & Tellez (Hexapoda, Collembola) from Caatinga biome, Brazil. Zootaxa 5474 (3): 201-224, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5474.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5474.3.1
507287990C344C38B9C06C6CFB07FD03.text	507287990C344C38B9C06C6CFB07FD03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pararrhopalites Bonet & Tellez. Here 1947	<div><p>Genus Pararrhopalites Bonet &amp; Tellez, 1947</p><p>Diagnosis. Ant. IV with 8–15 subsegments. Eyes from 8+8 to completely absent, body pigments variable. Head and posterior trunk with dorsal spines. Post-antennal chaeta absent. Bothriotricha A–D present, E absent. Neosminthuroid chaetae on the parafurcal area absent. Metatrochanteral spine present. Ungues with or without tunica, unguiculi with apical filament, capitate tenent hairs absent. Female subanal appendage elongated and simple. Dens ventrally with 7–14 chaetae. Mucro with inner and outer lamellae serrated, mucronal chaeta present or absent (adapted from Bonet &amp; Tellez 1947; Betsch 1980; Zeppelini &amp; Brito 2014; Brito et al. 2019; Medeiros et al. 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/507287990C344C38B9C06C6CFB07FD03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Souza, Paolla Gabryelle Cavalcante De;Medeiros, Gleyce Da Silva;Bento, Diego De Medeiros;Zeppelini, Douglas;Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante	Souza, Paolla Gabryelle Cavalcante De, Medeiros, Gleyce Da Silva, Bento, Diego De Medeiros, Zeppelini, Douglas, Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante (2024): New cave species of Cyphoderus Nicolet and Pararrhopalites Bonet & Tellez (Hexapoda, Collembola) from Caatinga biome, Brazil. Zootaxa 5474 (3): 201-224, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5474.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5474.3.1
507287990C344C26B9C06FD4FD26FB6F.text	507287990C344C26B9C06FD4FD26FB6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pararrhopalites iataganii Souza & Medeiros & Bento & Zeppelini & Bellini 2024	<div><p>Pararrhopalites iataganii sp. nov. Souza, Medeiros &amp; Zeppelini</p><p>Figs 1, 8–12, Table 2</p><p>Type material. Holotype male in slide: Brazil, Rio Grande do Norte State, Baraúna, Furna Nova Cave (05°02’03.8”S; 37°34’15.8”W), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-37.571056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.034389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -37.571056/lat -5.034389)">Aphotic</a> zone, 18/VII/2022, Souza, P.G.C, Santos, N. M. C., Lima, E. C. A., Bento, D. M., Freitas, J. I. M. coll. (CC / UFRN) . Paratypes: 4 females in slides, same data of holotype (CC / UFRN); 2 females in slides, same data of holotype except (CRFS / UEPB); and 3 males, 2 females and 1 juvenile in slides, same data of holotype except 18/VIII/2022 (CC / UFRN) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Specimens pale yellow, some individuals with scattered red pigment on dorsal head and body. Antennae shorter than the body length, Ant. IV with 12 subsegments. Eyes 1+1, head interantennal area with 3 reduced, apically rounded sensilla, frontal area with 13 spines. Parafurcal area with 12 chaetae. Ungues without tunica, with a pair of lateral teeth. Manubrium with 6+6 dorsal chaetae, dens with 23 dorsal (posterior) and 9 ventral (anterior) chaetae, ventral formula from the apex to the basis as: 3, 2, 2, 1…1. Mucronal chaeta absent.</p><p>Description. Body (head + trunk) average length of the type series 0.75 mm (0.5–1.1 mm), holotype with 0.64 mm, males averaging 0.57 mm (0.5–0.67 mm) (n=4), females averaging 0.83 mm (0.65–1.1 mm) (n=4). Specimens usually pale (Fig. 8), some individuals with scattered red pigment on the dorsal head and large abdomen.</p><p>Antennal length in holotype 0.75 mm. Antennal segments ratio I: II: III: IV of the holotype as 1: 2.5: 5.3: 11.5. Ant. IV shorter than body length (Fig. 8). Ant. IV with 12 subsegments, subsegments 1–12 with 4/6/6/7/8/10/10/10/ 10/10/10/26 chaetae, respectively; subsegment 12 with one curved chaeta and one small sensillum at the apex (Fig. 9A). Ant. III with 21 chaetae plus one short sensillum (Aai) laterally to the sensory organ; apical organ sensory rods in independent shallow invaginations (Fig. 9B). Ant. II with 15 chaetae, 4 of them spine-like, plus 1 rounded apical microsensillum (Fig. 9C). Ant. I with 7 chaetae (Fig. 9C). Eyes 1+1, unpigmented. Clypeal area a–g series with 6/6/4/4(+1)/5(+1)/4(+1)/3 chaetae, respectively, 1 chaeta present or absent between series d and e; interantennal area with 1 oval organ and 3 reduced, apically rounded sensilla, α and γ series with 1 chaeta each, frontal area A–E series with 2/1/2/2(+1)/2 chaetae, respectively, with a total of 13 frontal spines (Fig. 9D). Ventral head with 3 a and 1 b chaetae on the post-labial region, plus 3 elongate oval organs, labial basomedian field with 7 and basolateral field with 2 chaetae, respectively (Fig. 9E). Six prelabral chaetae present (Fig. 9D), labral p, m, a series with 5, 5, 4 chaetae, respectively, p2 longer than the others; m0 smaller than m1, labral intrusions present, labral papillae absent (Fig. 9F). Labial palp with 5 proximal chaetae, with 6 papillae, formula of the guards as: H (2), A (0), B (5), C (0), D (3), E (4) + a lateral process not reaching the apex of the papilla E, 1 papilla B guard-chaeta laterally displaced to C, large, curved and blunt (Fig. 9G). Maxillary outer lobe apical chaeta with a basal toothlet, basal chaeta shorter than the apical one, oral fold with 2 chaetae, sublobal plate without chaeta-like appendages (Fig. 9H). Mandibles asymmetrical with 5 + 3 apical teeth (Fig. 9I). Maxillae globular, without any clear modifications (Fig. 9J).</p><p>Large abdomen without clear segmentation, constrictions or vesicles. DI-1 row of dorsal spines present on females, absent on males (Figs 10A–B). Th. II with 1 a chaeta and 1 m spine. Th. III with 1 a chaeta, 1 m and 1 p spines. Abd. I with 1 chaeta and 1 spine on a and m rows, and 3 p spines. Bothriotricha A, B and C present on Abd. II, slightly misaligned, nearly in a straight line; Abd. II with 2 chaetae, 1 spine on a row, plus bothriotrichum A; 3 chaetae and 1 spine on m row, plus bothriotrichum B; and 5 chaetae on p row, plus bothriotrichum C. Abd. III–IV with 7 chaetae under the bothriotrichum C. Abd. III–IV dorsal spine rows dI-1 with 9 spines in females, row absent in males; dII-1 with 6 spines in females and 8 in males; dIII-1 with 7 spines in females and 6 in males; dIV-1 with 5 spines in females and 4 in males; and dV-1 with 8 in females and 7 in males (Figs 10A–B). Parafurcal area with 12 chaetae in both sexes, distributed in 4 rows of 2, 4, 3 and 3 chaetae (Fig. 10A). Bothriotrichum D present on the small abdomen of both sexes, with 4 accessory chaetae on females and 3 on males (Figs 10C–D). Female dorsal anal valve with as2–4, ams1–3, ms1–3, mps1–3 and ps1–2 chaetae, ams1, ms1 and ps1 unpaired; each ventral anal valve with aai1–3, ai1–4, mi1–2, mpi1–5 and pi1–3 chaetae, ami1 as an oval organ, mi2 bothriotrichum-like and mpi5 as the subanal appendage, smooth and curved towards the anal opening (Fig. 10C). Male dorsal anal valve with as2–4, ams1–3, ms1–3, mps1, mps3, and ps1–2 chaetae, ams1, ms1 and ps1 unpaired; each ventral anal valve with aai1–2, ai1–4, mi1–2, mpi1–5 and pi1–3 chaetae, ami1 as an oval organ, mi2 bothriotrichum-like (Fig. 10D). Female genital plate with 2+2 chaetae on ventral side (Fig. 10E). Male genital plate with about 10+10 chaetae (Fig. 10F).</p><p>Legs (Figs 11, 12A–C): Epicoxae I–III with 1, 1 and 2 chaetae, respectively. Subcoxa I–III with 0, 1 and 1 chaetae, respectively. Coxae I–III with 1, 2 and 4 chaetae, respectively. Trochanters I–III with 5, 3–5 and 6 chaetae, respectively, trochanter III with one chaeta modified into a thick and bent metatrochanteral spine, trochanters II–III with 1 and 1–2 oval organs, respectively. Femora I–III with 14, 14, 15 chaetae and 1, 1, 1 oval organs, respectively (Figs 11A–C). Tibiotarsi I–III with 54, 51, 54 chaetae and 3, 3, 3 oval organs, respectively, distal whorl with 9 chaetae on each leg (Figs 11D–F). Foot complexes I–III with 2 pretarsal chaetae each, one of them larger than the other (Figs 12A–C). Ungues without tunica, with a single medial inner tooth (larger on unguis III), 2 paired small lateral teeth and 1 dorsal tooth (not seen in unguis III, possibly reduced or absent). Unguiculus I without teeth, unguiculi II–III with a small inner tooth, apical filament slightly surpassing the apex of unguis on leg I, reaching the apex on leg II but not reaching the apex on leg III (Figs 12A–C).</p><p>Abdominal appendages (Figs 12D–G): Collophore with 0+0 or 1+1 chaetae on the lateral flaps, corpus without chaetae. Tenaculum ramus with 3 teeth plus an apically rounded basal appendix, corpus with 1–2 apical chaetae. Manubrium with 6+6 chaetae, all dorsal, one larger than the others (Fig. 12D). Dens dorsally (posteriorly) with 23 chaetae, lines E / PE / P / PJ / J with 7/2/1/7/6 chaetae, respectively (Fig. 12E), ventrally (anteriorly) with 9 chaetae following the formula from the apex to the basis: 3, 2, 2, 1…1 (Fig. 12F). Mucronal lamellae serrated, inner lamella with about 30, outer lamella with about 16 teeth; mucronal chaeta absent (Fig. 12G). Ratio manubrium:dens:mucro of the holotype as 1: 3.3: 1.4.</p><p>Etymology. The new species honors our dear friend, the biospeleologist José Iatagan Mendes de Freitas, for his indispensable work at the Furna Feia National Park, Rio Grande do Norte, and all other contributions with the National Center for Cave Research and Conservation (CECAV/ICMBio) in prospecting and mapping new caves through Brazil.</p><p>Remarks. The combination of Ant. IV with 12 subsegments, 1+1 eyes, head interantennal area with 3 apically rounded sensilla and frontal area with 13 spines, ungues with a pair of lateral teeth, manubrium with 6 dorsal chaetae, dens with 23 dorsal chaetae, with ventral chaetotaxy formula as 3, 2, 2, 1…1, and mucro without chaeta sets Pararrhopalites iataganii sp. nov. apart from all its congeners. Considering the number of eyes (1+1), the new species resembles other Neotropical taxa like P. queirozi Brito, Lima &amp; Zeppelini, 2019, P. sideroicus Zeppelini &amp; Brito, 2014 and P. wallacei (Zeppelini &amp; Palacios-Vargas, 1995) . However, P. iataganii sp. nov. can be readily separated from them by: Ant. IV with 12 subsegments (vs. 11 or less in the other species), frontal head with 13 spines (15 in P. queirozi, 10 in P. sideroicus and P. wallacei), 1 frontal cephalic oval organ (2 in P. sideroicus), manubrium with 6 dorsal chaetae (less in P. queirozi and P. sideroicus, unknown to P. wallacei), and dens dorsally with 23 chaetae (less in the other species). Further comparisons between the Neotropical species of the genus are summarized in Table 2.</p><p>The reduction of pigment and eyes (just 1+1) may be considered troglomorphic traits of P. iataganii sp. nov., since most species of Pararrhopalites have 2+2 or more eyes and at least some of them are pigmented (Zeppelini &amp; Brito 2014). On the other hand, the species does not show any clear elongation of appendages, ungues or chaetae, features observed as troglomorphisms in some cave Collembola (Christiansen 1961, 1988; Souza et al. 2022). Specimens of P. iataganii sp. nov. were only found in the aphotic zone of Furna Nova cave, even though other zones of the cave and its aboveground surroundings were investigated.</p><p>Habitat, threats and conservation status. Furna Nova cave stands as the exclusive documented habitat of P. iataganii sp. nov., although other caves and surface environments in the region have been surveyed. The cave has relatively large dimensions for the region, with approximately 240 meters of passages mapped thus far, while certain sections remain unexplored (Fig. 1D). Notably, the cave features only one small entrance, fostering a stable microclimate characterized by relatively high temperature and humidity levels, alongside limited air circulation. Seasonal occurrences of elevated carbon dioxide concentration are observed at lower cave levels, including areas where individuals of P. iataganii sp. nov. were collected.</p><p>The cave primarily maintains occasional drips and small puddles observed in its lower sections. Consequently, the principal organic resources for cave fauna predominantly comprise guano patches, primarily deposited by the hematophagous bats Desmodus rotundus and Diphylla ecaudata, the Brazilian funnel-eared bat Natalus macrourus (Gervais), an insectivore, and the omnivorous bat Phyllostomus discolor (Vargas-Mena et al. 2018) .</p><p>Furna Nova cave is situated within the Furna Feia National Park, designated in 2012 to safeguard a notable cluster of caves and the biodiversity of the Caatinga biome (Brasil 2012). While the area of the National Park itself is well conserved, its periphery has undergone substantial changes, mainly due to irrigated agriculture. Nonetheless, these anthropogenic influences are situated at a considerable distance from the cave and do not seem to exert any discernible impact on its subterranean environments.</p><p>Furna Nova is among the caves within the Furna Feia National Park slated for tourism. However, these visits will be conducted in an organized manner and based on studies that have considered the significance and uniqueness of its cave fauna. Notably, the lower cave level, where P. iataganii sp. nov. is found, will be off-limits to visitors, and there are plans for monitoring the bat community. Consequently, the newly discovered species could potentially be classified as Least Concern (LC) according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s method for assessing the risk of extinction (IUCN 2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/507287990C344C26B9C06FD4FD26FB6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Souza, Paolla Gabryelle Cavalcante De;Medeiros, Gleyce Da Silva;Bento, Diego De Medeiros;Zeppelini, Douglas;Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante	Souza, Paolla Gabryelle Cavalcante De, Medeiros, Gleyce Da Silva, Bento, Diego De Medeiros, Zeppelini, Douglas, Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante (2024): New cave species of Cyphoderus Nicolet and Pararrhopalites Bonet & Tellez (Hexapoda, Collembola) from Caatinga biome, Brazil. Zootaxa 5474 (3): 201-224, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5474.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5474.3.1
