taxonID	type	description	language	source
574E87B4FFB72411FE80FAE8FEFAF97F.taxon	description	(Figs 1; 2) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 4 EE 88832 - 00 E 1 - 4555 - 9160 - 4 E 57 AC 43 F 502	en	Caballero, Alejandro (2021): Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929. Zoosystema 43 (18): 341-363, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a18
574E87B4FFB72411FE80FAE8FEFAF97F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. Colombia • adult ♀ (2 specimens on 1 slide, holotype situated on the left side and indicated as “ Holo ” on additional label); Antioquia, Barbosa, Vereda Platanito, Farm Solenia; 06 ° 58 ’ 34.36 ” N, 75 ° 23 ’ 41.32 ” W; 1741 m a. s. l.; 14. IX. 2015; J. Agudelo leg.; ex roots Coffea arabica (Rubiaceae) – coffee, manual; UNAB 4630. Paratypes. Colombia • 2 adult ♀; same data as holotype; 2 slides, 1 containing a single paratype, and the other with 1 paratype (marked as “ Para ”) sharing a slide with the holotype; UNAB.	en	Caballero, Alejandro (2021): Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929. Zoosystema 43 (18): 341-363, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a18
574E87B4FFB72411FE80FAE8FEFAF97F.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet “ andreae ” is assigned in honor of Dr Andrea Ramos-Portilla, mentor and friend of the author.	en	Caballero, Alejandro (2021): Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929. Zoosystema 43 (18): 341-363, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a18
574E87B4FFB72411FE80FAE8FEFAF97F.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — This species has two spines on each trochanter; antennal flagellate setae with rounded apices, and three fleshy setae on the distal part of the apical segment; SantII shorter than SantI; five pairs of abdominal spiracles; and lacks groups of quadrilocular pores posterior to the vulva, and tubular ducts.	en	Caballero, Alejandro (2021): Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929. Zoosystema 43 (18): 341-363, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a18
574E87B4FFB72411FE80FAE8FEFAF97F.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Pre-mounting specimens Appearance in situ: not observed. Specimens preserved in 75 % ethanol with milky appearence; color unchanged in 10 % potassium hydroxide. Post-mounting specimens Slide-mounted adult female (n = 3): body oval to round (Figs 1; 2 A), 1.9 ± 0.3 [1.6] (1.5 - 2.1) mm long and 1.5 ± 0.2 [1.3] (1.3 - 1.7) mm wide. Dorsum Wax plates (Fig. 1 A). Well developed, composed of: spines, each 21.2 ± 2.7 (12 - 28) µm long and apically rounded (Fig. 1 B); flagellate setae, each 38.4 ± 9.6 (18 - 58) µm long (Fig. 1 C), the longest ones located at the corners of plates; quadrilocular pores of type I, each approximately 5 µm in diameter (Fig. 1 D); a few simple pores, each about 3 µm in diameter (Fig. 1 E). Wax plate distribution as follows: two on head; 12 on thorax arranged in four longitudinal groups, each plate subdivided into one central and two external sections; and abdomen with six central wax plates and one large external plate on each side. Inter-plate spaces. With quadrilocular pores of type II (Figs 1 F; 2 B), each 4 - 6 µm in diameter, some pores joined in pairs (Fig. 2 B); and simple pores like those on wax plate (Fig. 2 B). Tubular ducts. Absent. Spicules on abdomen. Present. Anal ring. 105.3 ± 3.1 [108] (101 - 108) µm in transverse diameter, with 6 flagellate setae each 62.5 ± 7.9 (50 - 73) µm long with a rounded tip, and two or three inner rows of cells (Figs 1 G; 2 C). Venter Antennae (Fig. 1 H). Each 766.8 ± 23.5 (737 - 808) µm long, three segmented, with segment lengths and chaetotaxy as follows: SantI 180.8 ± 17.2 (162 - 209) µm long, with 8 - 9 flagellate setae each 46.7 ± 10.6 (25 - 62) µm long and apically rounded; SantII 125.5 ± 4.4 (120 - 133) µm long, 4 - 5 flagellate setae each 52.9 ± 7.1 (37 - 61) µm long and apically rounded, and one placoid sensilla; SantIII 460.5 ± 6.7 (448 - 467) µm long with three or four fleshy setae, two apical setae, the larger 100.3 ± 22.3 (51 - 114) µm long (Fig. 2 D, ls), the shorter one 15.3 ± 2.7 (11 - 18) µm long (Fig. 2 D, ss), one or two subapical setae each 46.2 ± 11.5 (36 - 71) µm long (Fig. 2 D, sa) and one distal seta 33 ± 3.2 (27 - 37) µm long (Fig. 3 D, ds), also 18 flagellate setae each 41.5 ± 11.8 (18 - 55) µm long and apically rounded (Fig. 2 E, fs); ratios SantI / SantII 1.4 ± 0.1 (1.3 - 1.6), SantIII / SantI 2.6 ± 0.2 (2.2 - 2.8), SantIII / SantII 3.7 ± 0.1 (3.5 - 3.8). Eyespot. Protuberant, base 40.8 ± 1.9 (38 - 44) µm in diameter and 90.7 ± 7.4 (81 - 101) µm long, its base not fused with first antennal segment (Fig. 2 F). Labium (Fig. 1 I). 237.3 ± 6.6 (228 - 243) µm long and 150.7 ± 8.1 (144 - 162) µm wide, of two segments: basal segment with 3 pairs of setae and apical segment with 14 pairs. Fore leg (Fig. 1 J). 1273.4 ± 28.7 (1235 - 1304) µm long; coxa 154 ± 10.3 (144 - 176) µm long, depression not developed; trochanter-femur fused, 470.7 ± 23.1 (428 - 492) µm long and 142.2 ± 4.4 (138 - 150) µm wide; tibia-tarsus fused, 594.8 ± 13.2 (569 - 606) µm long and 55.8 ± 3.1 (51 - 60) µm wide; claw 62.6 ± 7.8 (57 - 77) µm long; ratios: length of trochanter-femur / tibia-tarsus 0.8; trochanterfemur length / width 3.3 ± 0.2 (3.0 - 3.5), leg length / antenna length 1.7; fore leg chaetotaxy: coxa with 15 - 17 flagellate setae with rounded tips, trochanter with two spine-like setae and eight placoid sensilla, femur with 30 - 45 flagellate setae with rounded tips, tibia-tarsus with 5 - 12 flagellate setae with rounded tips, 25 - 28 spines and one sensilla; claw without a denticle but with two ungual spine-like digitules, each 15 ± 4.3 (11 - 21) µm long. Mid leg. 1376.3 ± 22.6 (1348 - 1410) µm long; coxa 172.7 ± 8.0 (158 - 183) µm long, trochanter-femur fusion 492.7 ± 15.8 (470 - 515) µm long and 147.3 ± 2.4 (144 - 150) µm wide; tibia-tarsus fusion 643 ± 19.9 (610 - 660) µm long and 57 ± 5.4 (49 - 64) µm wide; claw 64.5 ± 3.8 (60 - 70) µm long; ratios: length of trochanter-femur / tibia-tarsus 0.8; trochanter-femur length / width 3.3 ± 0.1 (3.2 - 3.6), leg length / antenna length 1.8; chaetotaxy: coxa with 14 - 20 flagellate setae with rounded tips, trochanter with 2 spine-like setae (Figs 1 K; 2 G arrows) and eight placoid sensilla (Fig. 2 G single-headed arrows), femur with 30 - 45 flagellate setae with rounded tips, and tibia-tarsus with 11 - 16 flagellate setae with rounded tips, 28 - 33 spines and one sensilla; claw without a denticle, two ungual spine-like digitules each 12.3 ± 2.6 (9 - 16) µm long. Hind leg. 1513 ± 29.6 (1485 - 1554) µm long; coxa 179.8 ± 4.8 (173 - 188) µm long, trochanter-femur fusion 548.8 ± 20.3 (513 - 573) µm long and 150.4 ± 3.4 (146 - 154) µm wide; tibia-tarsus fusion 719.3 ± 33.5 (672 - 745) µm long and 58.3 ± 2.1 (56 - 61) µm wide; claw 65 ± 1.4 (64 - 67) µm long; ratios: length of trochanter-femur / tibia-tarsus 0.8 ± 0.1 (0.7 - 0.9); trochanter-femur length / width 3.6 ± 0.2 (3.2 - 3.8), leg length / antenna length 2; chaetotaxy: coxa with 14 - 19 flagellate setae with rounded tips, trochanter with 2 spine-like setae and eight placoid sensilla, femur with 32 - 45 flagellate setae with rounded tips, tibia-tarsus with 11 - 17 flagellate setae with rounded tips, 33 - 34 spines and one sensilla; claw without a denticle, two ungual digitules spine-like, each 12 µm long. Spiracles. On thorax, each peritreme 43.9 ± 3.9 (39 - 51) µm in diameter and 76.3 ± 11.3 (63 - 94) µm long, with a cluster of 15 - 23 quadrilocular pores around the peritreme cavity, each pore about 5 µm in diameter, setae absent (Fig. 1 L; 2 H); abdominal spiracles numbering 5 pairs, each peritreme 11.6 ± 1.6 (9 - 14) µm in diameter and 21.8 ± 3.8 (15 - 29) µm long, with pores and setae absent from around peritreme cavity (Figs 1 M; 2 I). Wax plates. Structure like that of dorsal plates, with spines each 16.3 ± 2.4 (11 - 22) µm long and apically rounded, flagellate setae each 40.6 ± 9.6 (20 - 60) µm long, and quadrilocular pores of similar diameter to those on dorsum; plates in marginal region well developed, similar to those on dorsum; plates in central region less conspicuous, composed of flagellate setae and few spines; head with three wax plates, thorax with 19, wax plates absent from abdomen. Ovisac band (Fig. 1 N) surrounding the second abdominal segment, external edge composed of a transverse cluster of quadrilocular pores of type II, like those on dorsum (Fig. 1 F), each 4 - 5 µm in diameter, accompanied by simple pores and spicules; inner edge of band formed of clustered spines, each 21.1 ± 4.4 (14 - 22) µm long and apically rounded, most posterior row of spines longest, truncate; flagellate setae forming mesial cluster in anterior section of band, each seta 43.8 ± 6.9 (32 - 55) µm long; other setae scattered through the band; quadrilocular pores of type I and simple pores with diameter similar to those on dorsum, scattered in the cluster of spines; area enclosed by ovisac band with six transverse clusters of quadrilocular pores of type II; scattered simple pores and spicules clustered with flagellate setae, each seta 33.2 ± 4.7 (26 - 42) µm long; inter-cluster areas bare. Tubular ducts. Absent. Spicules. Present on mesothorax and posterior body segments.	en	Caballero, Alejandro (2021): Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929. Zoosystema 43 (18): 341-363, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a18
574E87B4FFB72411FE80FAE8FEFAF97F.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Based on data from Kozár (2004): Newsteadia andreae n. sp. is morphologically similar to several species. The closest species is N. vietnamensis Kozár & Konczné Benedicty, 1999, which is similar in most characters. The main differences are: antenna length, up to 808 µm in N. andreae n. sp. (949 µm long in N. vietnamensis), and tubular ducts being absent from both surfaces in N. andreae n. sp. (present on both surfaces in N. vietnamensis). Their geographical distributions and host records are different also: N. andreae n. sp. is recorded from the Neotropical Region (Colombia) on roots of C offea arabica, whereas N. vietnamensis is known only from the Oriental Region (Vietnam) and has no host records. Newsteadia andreae n. sp. also resembles Newsteadia morrisoni Kozár & Konczné Benedicty, 2001 but differs in having (N. morrisoni characters in parentheses): no groups of quadrilocular pores posterior to the vulva (quadrilocular pores posterior to vulva in groups); a ratio of SantIII / SantII of 3.7 (2.4); two spine-like setae on the trochanter (trochanter without spine-like setae), and each thoracic spiracle peritreme with quadrilocular pores inside (without quadrilocular pores in the peritremes). Another species similar to N. andreae n. sp. is N. monikae Kozár & Konczné Benedicty, 2000, which also has three antennal segments, the second antennal segment longer that first one, distal fleshy setae on the antenna, flagellate setae with rounded apices on all antennal segments, and five pairs of abdominal spiracles. Newsteadia andreae n. sp. differs from N. monikae (characteristics given in parenthesis) by: spine-like setae absent from the coxa (present) and present on the trochanter (absent); apical antennal segment with fleshy longer setae and subapical setae, and apical shorter setae present (with flagellate longer setae and subapical setae, without apical shorter setae); tubular ducts absent from wax plates (present); and peritreme of each thoracic spiracle with 15 - 23 quadrilocular pores (pores absent). In addition, N. andreae n. sp. is similar to N. milleri Kozár & Konczné Benedicty, 2000 in having antenna with three antennal segments, spine-like setae on the bases of trochanter and femur, an ovisac band without gaps, and five pairs of abdominal spiracles. Newsteadia andreae n. sp. differs from N. milleri (characteristics given in parenthesis) by having: all antennal segments with flagellate setae with rounded apices (all antennal segments with spine-like setae); apex of third antennal segment with subapical fleshy seta and apical short setae (apex of third antennal segment without either subapical setae or apical short setae); trochanter with two spine-like setae (one spine-like seta); and tubular ducts absent from both dorsum and venter (tubular ducts present in dorsal wax plates).	en	Caballero, Alejandro (2021): Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929. Zoosystema 43 (18): 341-363, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a18
574E87B4FFBB2415FEA0F8CAFEA8FADC.taxon	description	(Figs 3; 4) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 174 B 1078 - 53 DE- 4 AEE- 9323 - 84 D 8 DA 99806 D	en	Caballero, Alejandro (2021): Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929. Zoosystema 43 (18): 341-363, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a18
574E87B4FFBB2415FEA0F8CAFEA8FADC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. Colombia • adult ♀ (2 specimens on the same slide, holotype situated on the left side and indicated as “ Holo ” on an additional label); Cauca, El Tambo, Vereda Villanueva, Farm Patio Bonito; 1824 m a. s. l.; 5. IX. 2015; J. Muñoz leg.; ex roots of Coffea arabica (Rubiaceae) – coffee, manual;: UNAB 4621. Paratypes. Colombia • 1 adult ♀; same data as holotype; marked as “ Para ” sharing a slide with the holotype; UNAB 4621 • 1 adult ♀; same data as holotype; paratype mounted singly on a slide; MNHN.	en	Caballero, Alejandro (2021): Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929. Zoosystema 43 (18): 341-363, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a18
574E87B4FFBB2415FEA0F8CAFEA8FADC.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet “ takumasae ” is assigned in honor of Dr Takumasa Kondo, mentor of the author.	en	Caballero, Alejandro (2021): Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929. Zoosystema 43 (18): 341-363, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a18
574E87B4FFBB2415FEA0F8CAFEA8FADC.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Circulus absent; cerarii numbering 15 - 17 pairs; oral rim tubular ducts few, numbering 4 - 9 on dorsum and 3 or 4 on venter; and oral collar tubular ducts restricted to venter of SabdIII-VII.	en	Caballero, Alejandro (2021): Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929. Zoosystema 43 (18): 341-363, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a18
574E87B4FFBB2415FEA0F8CAFEA8FADC.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Pre-mounting specimens Appearance in situ: not observed. Post-mounting specimens Slide-mounted adult female (n = 3): body oval to round (Fig. 3; 4 A), length 1.5 ± 0.04 [1.5] (1.4 - 1.5) mm; wide 1.2 ± 0.05 [1.1] (1.1 - 1.2) mm. Dorsum Ostioles. Conspicuous, with membranous lips. Anal ring. 66.2 ± 2.4 [68.8] (64 - 68.8) µm in transverse diameter, with 6 flagellate setae, each seta 104.8 ± 10.7 (83.6 - 122) µm long; ring containing two cells rows, external row with cells smaller than those in internal row, subquadrate and subrectangular, each cell with a spicule 2 or 3 µm long; internal row with irregular cells tending to be elongate and without spicules. Cerarii. Numbering 15 - 17 pairs (Fig. 3 A), C 10 and C 14 absent or vestigial [16 pairs in holotype, with left side C 10 and C 14 vestigial]; cerarian pattern C 1 [2; 3 - 4] (2; 3 - 4), C 2 [2; 2] (2; 1 - 3), C 3 [2; 3] (2; 1 - 3), C 4 [2; 1] (2; 0 - 2), C 5 [2; 2 - 3] (2; 0 - 3), C 6 [2; 1 - 3] (2; 0 - 3), C 7 [2 - 3; 2 - 3] (2 - 3; 1 - 3), C 8 [1 - 2; 0 - 1] (1 - 2; 0 - 1), C 9 [2; 1] (2; 0 - 1), C 10 [abortive; 0 - 1] (0 - 1; 0 - 2), C 11 [1; 1 - 2] (1 - 2; 0 - 2), C 12 [2 - 3; 0 - 1] (1 - 2; 0 - 2), C 13 [2; 1 - 3] (1 - 2; 0 - 3), C 14 [0 - 3; 0 - 3] (1 - 3; 0 - 3), C 15 [2 - 3; 0 - 1] (2 - 3; 0 - 1), C 16 [2; 1 - 3] (2 - 3; 1 - 3), C 17 [2; 0] (0 - 2; 0 - 1). Body setae. Flagellate. Each 13.5 ± 2.5 (7.7 - 24.2) µm long, shorter than ventral setae, evenly distributed. Trilocular pores. Each 3 - 4 µm in diameter (Fig. 3 B), evenly distributed. Multilocular disc pores. Absent. Oral rim tubular ducts. Of one size (Fig. 3 C, 4 B), each 12.1 ± 1.6 (10 - 15) µm long and associated with 1 - 2 discoidal pores, some associated with setae; distributed as follows: mesothorax [1] (0 - 1) in lateral region, metathorax [1] (1) in submesial region, SabdI [3] (1 - 3) in marginal and submarginal regions, SabdII [2] (1 - 2) in submesial region, SabdIII [2] (0 - 2) in marginal region, SabdIV [0] (0 - 1) in submarginal region, absent from remaining segments. Oral collar tubular ducts. Absent. Discoidal pores. Of two types: I) with a single locule, similar size or slightly smaller than a trilocular pore, 2.9 ± 0.4 (2 - 5) µm in diameter (Fig. 3 D), scarce, evenly scattered; II) with two loculi, 3.5 ± 0.6 (3 - 5) µm in diameter (Fig. 3 E), scarce, absent from SabdI, SabdIV and SabdVIII + IX. Body spicules present on head, prothorax and S abdIII and posterior segments. Venter Antennae. Each 341 ± 13 (327 - 360) µm long, 7 or 8 segmented (Fig. 3 F; 4 C); holotype with 7 antennal segments, one antenna with SantIV and SantV partially divided and other one with SantIII and SantIV partially divided, segment length and chaetotaxy as follows: SantI 55.3 ± 4.0 (49 - 61) µm long, with four flagellate setae; SantII 48.4 ± 6.6 (35 - 53) µm long, with six flagellate setae and one placoid sensilla; SantIII 36.9 ± 10 (21 - 51) µm long with six to eight flagellate setae; SantIV 29.6 ± 13.5 (22 - 50) µm long with four or five flagellate setae; SantV 33.0 ± 9.6 (25 - 50) µm long with six to eight flagellate setae; SantVI 28.1 ± 2.3 (25 - 32) µm long with five or six flagellate setae; SantVII 38.2 ± 1.5 (35 - 40) µm long with five to seven flagellate setae and one fleshy seta; and SantVIII 86.7 ± 2.8 (83 - 92) µm long with 18 - 19 flagellate setae and four fleshy setae [holotype with 11 and 15 flagellate setae]. Eyespot. 33.7 ± 2.9 (29 - 37) µm in diameter, not associated with discoidal pores (Fig. 4 D). Labium. 126.3 ± 8.7 [not measured] (120 - 132) µm long. Fore leg. 499 ± 5.5 (489 - 504) µm long, trochanter + femur 233.5 ± 3.2 (230 - 238) µm long, femur 74.4 ± 10.4 (56 - 80) wide; tibia + tarsus 235.2 ± 3.3 (230 - 238) µm long, tibia 35.5 ± 2.3 (32 - 38) µm wide; claw 30.3 ± 1.2 (29 - 32) µm long; ratio of lengths of trochanter + femur length / tibia + tarsus 1.0; ratio of trochanter + femur length / femur width 3.2 ± 0.6 (2.9 - 4.2), ratio of tibia + tarsus length / tibia width 6.7 ± 0.5 (6.2 - 7.3); chaetotaxy: coxa with nine flagellate setae, trochanter with seven, femur with 25 - 29, tibia with 23 - 29, tarsus with 11 setae and two slender and capitate tarsal digitules, each 36.4 ± 4.7 (28 - 39) µm long; claw without a denticle but with two ungual digitules each 25.7 ± 1.5 (24 - 28) µm long, capitate, slightly thicker than a tarsal digitule. Mid leg. 504.7 ± 5.7 (497 - 512) µm long; trochanter + femur 232 ± 2.3 (229 - 234) µm long, femur 72.1 ± 11 (58 - 80) µm wide; tibia + tarsus 241.3 ± 3.6 (236 - 245) µm long, tibia 38.6 ± 5.9 (31 - 45) µm wide; claw 31.3 ± 1.9 (29 - 33) µm long; ratio of lengths of trochanter + femur: tibia + tarsus 1.0; ratio of trochanter + femur length: femur width 3.3 ± 0.5 (2.9 - 4.0), ratio of tibia + tarsus length: tibia width 6.4 ± 1.0 (5.4 - 7.7); chaetotaxy: coxa with 11 flagellate setae, trochanter with seven, femur with 23 - 26, tibia with 29 - 31, tarsus with 11 setae and one sensilla; tarsal digitules similar those on fore tarsus, 36.2 ± 2.1 (33 - 39) µm long; claw without a denticle, ungual digitules each 25.2 ± 0.8 (24.1 - 26) µm long, similar those on fore claw. Hind leg. 551.7 ± 30.3 (501 - 574) µm long; trochanter + femur 255.2 ± 10.7 (234 - 263) µm long; femur 73 ± 8.7 (61 - 80) µm wide; tibia + tarsus 266 ± 20.6 (237 - 281) µm long; tibia 41.1 ± 4.4 (37 - 49) µm wide; claw 30.5 ± 2.7 (27 - 33) µm long; ratio of lengths of trochanter + femur / tibia + tarsus 1.0 ± 0.1 (0.9 - 1.1); ratio of trochanter + femur length / femur width 3.5 ± 0.5 (3.0 - 4.3), ratio of tibia + tarsus length / tibia width 6.5 ± 0.8 (5.6 - 7.5); translucent pores distributed as follows: coxa with 8 ± 8 [absent] (0 - 18), femur with 59 ± 10 (45 - 72), tibia with 46 ± 10 (29 - 59) (Figs 3 G; 4 E); chaetotaxy: coxa with 11 flagellate setae, trochanter with seven, femur with 20 - 23, tibia with 29 - 35, tarsus with 10 setae and one sensilla; tarsal digitules each 33.7 ± 2.2 (31.0 - 37.0) µm long, similar those on fore tarsus; claw without a denticle, ungual digitules each 24.0 ± 1.9 (22 - 26) µm long, similar to those on other legs. Circulus. Absent. Anal lobes (Fig. 4 F). Prominent, slightly sclerotized, each with apical flagellate seta 114 ± 8 (109 - 120) µm long and with 2 - 4 auxiliary flagellate setae. Body setae. Flagellate, lengths variable: on head, 46 ± 8 (34 - 58) µm long, prothorax 22 ± 8 (11 - 40) µm, mesothorax 34 ± 6 (28 - 44) µm, metathorax 23 ± 7 (15 - 39) µm; on abdominal segments there are two groups setae: I) shorter setae, each 21 ± 5 (11 - 29) µm long, evenly distributed, II) longer setae, each 37 ± 5 (30 - 48) µm long, present in mesial region. Intersegmental areas lacking setae. Obanal setae. Each 34 ± 5 (28 - 40) µm long. Cisanal setae. Each 36 ± 4 (28 - 40) µm long. Trilocular pores. Each 3 - 4 µm in diameter, evenly distributed (Fig. 3 H). Multilocular disc pores. Absent, except for one paratype, which has three pores on SabdVII, each pore about 9 µm in diameter (Figs 3 I; 4 G). Discoidal pores. Of two types: I) with a single loculus 3.6 ± 0.5 (2 - 5) µm in diameter, few, evenly distributed (Fig. 3 J); II) with two loculi, pore 4.3 ± 0.4 (3 - 5) µm in diameter, few (Fig. 3 K). Oral rim tubular ducts. Slightly smaller than dorsal ducts, each 11 ± 1.8 (8 - 14) µm long, with one on anterior interantennal margin and 1 or 2 in lateral or submarginal regions of mesothorax and SabdI (Fig. 3 L). Oral collar tubular ducts. Each 8 ± 3.6 (5 - 11) µm long (Figs 3 M; 4 H), distributed as follows: SabdIII [3] (2 - 3), Sab- dIV [18] (12 - 18), SabdV [20] (16 - 20), SabdVI [17] (17), and SabdVII [13] (9 - 13). Spicules. Present on mesothorax and posterior body segments.	en	Caballero, Alejandro (2021): Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929. Zoosystema 43 (18): 341-363, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a18
574E87B4FFBB2415FEA0F8CAFEA8FADC.taxon	discussion	REMARK Distichlicoccus takumasae n. sp. is morphologically close to D. salazari Williams & Granara de Willink, 1992 in lacking a circulus and in having translucent pores on both the hind femur and tibia. However, D. takumasae n. sp. differs from D. salazari (characteristics in parenthesis) by having oral rim tubular ducts few, numbering 4 - 9 on dorsum and 3 - 4 on venter (has 2 - 7 oral rim tubular ducts in rows across each segment on both surfaces); oral collar tubular ducts present on venter but absent from dorsum (oral collar ducts on both venter and dorsum); and hind legs with translucent pores on coxa, femur and tibia (pores only on femur and tibia) [character data of D. salazari taken from Williams & Granara de Willink (1992)].	en	Caballero, Alejandro (2021): Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929. Zoosystema 43 (18): 341-363, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a18
574E87B4FFBF2409FEEAF9A8FACDF9DF.taxon	description	(Figs 5; 6) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 7 C 8415 A 1 - 4443 - 4123 - A 524 - EA 5 D 0 C 82 CBE 8	en	Caballero, Alejandro (2021): Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929. Zoosystema 43 (18): 341-363, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a18
574E87B4FFBF2409FEEAF9A8FACDF9DF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. Colombia • adult ♀ (two specimens in the same slide, holotype at the rigth side indicated as “ Holo ” in additional label); Cauca, Páez, Vereda El Ciprés, Farm Naranjal, 2 ° 42 ’ 31.54 ” N, 75 ° 45 ’ 22.42 ” W; 1746 m a. s. l.; 12. XI. 2015; A. Ibagón leg.; ex roots Coffea arabica (Rubiaceae) - coffee in association with Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger, 1863) (Hymenoptera; Formicidae), manual; UNAB 4631. Paratypes. 12 adult ♀ on 7 slides • 1 ♀ (marked as “ Para ” shares a slide with the holotype); same data as holotype; UNAB 4631 • 5 ♀ (on three slides); same data as holotype; UNAB 4631 • 6 ♀ (on three slide; same data as holotype; MNHN.	en	Caballero, Alejandro (2021): Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929. Zoosystema 43 (18): 341-363, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a18
574E87B4FFBF2409FEEAF9A8FACDF9DF.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet is in recognition of the aboriginal community Nasa, who inhabit the region where specimens were collected.	en	Caballero, Alejandro (2021): Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929. Zoosystema 43 (18): 341-363, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a18
574E87B4FFBF2409FEEAF9A8FACDF9DF.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Cerarii numbering 16 pairs; dorsal setae short, each 7 - 19 µm long; oral collar tubular ducts of two sizes, the smaller ones each with a diameter similar to a trilocular pore and the larger ones each with a diameter wider than that of a trilocular pore; anal bar absent; anal ring with 6 setae.	en	Caballero, Alejandro (2021): Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929. Zoosystema 43 (18): 341-363, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a18
574E87B4FFBF2409FEEAF9A8FACDF9DF.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Pre-mounting specimens Appearance in situ: not observed. Specimens preserved in 75 % ethanol with milky appearence; color unchanged in 10 % potassium hydroxide. Post-mounting specimens Slide-mounted adult females (n = 8): body oval to round (Figs 5; 6 A), length 1.9 ± 0.3 [1.9] (1.5 - 2.4) mm; wide 1.4 ± 0.3 [1.4] (1.1 - 1.9) mm. Dorsum Ostioles. Conspicuous with membranous lips and 1 - 8 setae and scattered trilocular pores on each lip. Anal ring. 94 ± 10.2 [84] (76 - 109) µm in transverse diameter, with 6 flagellate setae, each seta 89 ± 8.8 (66 - 104) µm long; ring containing two rows of cells, external row with cells smaller than those in internal row, subquadrate and subrectangular, each cell with a spicule 2 or 3 µm long; internal row of 72 ± 10 (59 - 87) cells, each cell irregular, tending to be elongate and without a spicule. Cerarii. Numbering 16 pairs (Fig. 5 A, 6 B), C 10 absent; cerarian pattern C 1 [4 - 5: 1 - 2] (2 - 6: 1 - 4), C 2 [6: 0] (6 - 10: 0 - 3), C 3 [7 - 8: 0] (6 - 12: 0 - 3), C 4 [4 - 6: 1 - 2] (4 - 9: 0 - 2), C 5 [4 - 5: 0] (3 - 9: 0 - 2), C 6 [3 - 4: 0] (3 - 6: 0 - 1), C 7 [3: 0] (2 - 3: 0 - 2), C 8 [2: 0] (1 - 3: 0 - 2), C 9 [2 - 3: 0] (1 - 3: 0 - 2), C 10 absent, C 11 and C 12 [2: 0] (1 - 3: 0 - 1), C 13 [2: 0] (1 - 5: 0 - 1), C 14 [2 - 3: 0] (2 - 4: 0 - 3), C 15 [3: 0] (2 - 4: 0 - 2), C 16 [5 - 6: 0 - 1] (3 - 8: 0 - 4), and C 17 [3 - 4: 0] (3 - 8: 0 - 1); each cerarius with trilocular pores grouped on a membranous plate. Body setae. Flagellate, each 12 ± 2.6 (6 - 22) µm long, the longest setae in mesial and submarginal regions, the shortest evenly distributed. Trilocular pores. Each 3 - 4 µm in diameter (Fig. 5 B), evenly distributed throughout. Multilocular disc pores. Absent. Oral rim tubular ducts. Absent. Oral collar tubular ducts. Absent. Discoidal pores. Of two sizes: I) shorter type, each 2 - 3 µm in diameter, similar diameter to or smaller than a trilocular pore (Fig. 5 C), distributed from head to SabdVI; II) longer type, each 4 - 5 µm in diameter, wider than a trilocular pore (Fig. 5 D) with border stout and sclerotized, distributed in SabdVII and SabdVIII + IX. Spicules. Present from mesothorax to SabdVIII + IX. Venter Antennae. Each 391 ± 23.7 (351 - 435) µm long, 7 or 8 segmented [holotype with 7 segments] (Fig. 5 E); all specimens seem to have at least one antennal segment atrophied, so segment length and chaetotaxy vary depending on number of segments: SantI 69.6 ± 5.7 (57 - 77) µm long, with four flagellate setae; SantII 55.1 ± 3.8 (49 - 61) µm long, with three to six flagellate setae and one placoid sensilla; SantIII 53.8 ± 6.0 (43 - 65) µm long, with one to five flagellate setae; SantIV 30.9 ± 9.7 (17 - 52) µm long, with one to two flagellate setae; SantV 41.2 ± 6.0 (29 - 57) µm long, with three to five flagellate setae; SantVI 44.0 ± 3.6 (38 - 53) µm long, with two to five flagellate setae and 0 or 1 fleshy seta; SantVII 57.0 ± 14.6 (46 - 101) µm long, with 3 - 16 flagellate and 0 - 2 fleshy setae; SantVIII 67.8 ± 17.3 (31 - 90) µm long, with 7 - 18 flagellate and 0 - 4 fleshy setae. Eyespot. 35 ± 2.8 (29 - 39) µm in diameter; 0 - 3 associated discoidal pores (Fig. 6 C). Labium. 176 ± 32.1 [186] (92 - 198) µm long. Fore leg. 533 ± 22.3 (504 - 569) µm long; trochanter + femur 268 ± 12.4 (250 - 291) µm long, femur 92 ± 8.4 (81 - 103) wide; tibia + tarsus 221 ± 11 (207 - 234) µm long, tibia-tarsus union 42 ± 3.7 (36 - 48) µm wide; claw 44 ± 1.4 (42 - 47) µm long; chaetotaxy: coxa with nine flagellate setae, trochanter with seven, femur with 25, tibia internal margin of distal part with 6 - 13, tarsus with 11 setae and two tarsal digitules, the shortest 39 ± 4.8 (30 - 48) µm long, the longest 54 ± 2.6 (50 - 57) µm long; claw digitules each 36 ± 3.2 (29 - 39) µm long. Mid leg. 563 ± 18.8 (527 - 591) µm long; trochanter + femur 283 ± 8.5 (270 - 304) µm long; femur 97 ± 5.6 (90 - 106) µm wide; tibia + tarsus 235 ± 10.9 (218 - 251) µm long, tibia-tarsus union 45 ± 3.5 (38 - 50) µm wide; claw 45 ± 2.5 (36 - 48) µm long; chaetotaxy: coxa with 11 flagellate setae, trochanter with seven to eight, femur with 13 - 25, tibia with 10 - 18 setae plus two spines (as fore tibia), tarsus with 11 setae and two unequal tarsal digitules, the shortest 43 ± 4.8 (33 - 50) µm long, the longest 55 ± 2.5 (50 - 57) µm. Hind leg. 666 ± 27.6 (629 - 718) µm long, trochanter + femur 332 ± 16.4 (316 - 371) µm long; femur 134 ± 5.6 (125 - 142) µm wide; tibia + tarsus 287 ± 15.2 (259 - 306) µm long; tibia-tarsus union 50 ± 7.2 (39 - 64) µm wide; claw 47 ± 2 (43 - 50) µm long; femur with 398 - 460 [398 - 411] translucent pores and tibia with 111 - 154 [111 - 114] translucent pores (Fig. 5 F, 6 D); chaetotaxy: coxa with 11 flagellate setae, trochanter with seven, femur with 14 - 21, tibia with 13 - 21 setae plus two spines (as fore tibia), tarsus with 10 setae and two unequal tarsal digitules, the shortest 40 ± 5.9 (31 - 48) µm long, the longest 54 ± 3.1 (49 - 59) µm long (Fig. 6 E); claw without a denticle, with two stout capitate ungual digitules each 36 ± 6.6 (24 - 44) µm long. Ratios: lengths of trochanter + femur / tibia + tarsus of fore, mid and hind legs 1.2 ± 0.1 (1.1 - 1.3); trochanter + femur length / femur width of fore and mid leg 2.9 ± 0.2 (2.6 - 3.2), and hind leg 2.5 ± 0.2 (2.2 - 2.9); tibia + tarsus length / tibia-tarsus union width fore and mid leg 5.3 ± 0.5 (4.3 - 6.2), and hind leg 5.8 ± 0.9 (4.4 - 7.8). Circulus. Situated across intersegmental line between SabdIII and SabdIV (Fig. 6 F), divided by intersegmental line, 130 ± 2.3 [128] (128 - 132) µm in transverse diameter. Vulvar opening. Located between SabdVII and SabdVIII. Anal lobes. Without anal bars, membranous and slightly protruding, each with 6 - 9 flagellate setae, apical seta 38 ± 8.5 (29 - 47) µm long (Fig. 6 G). Spicules. Present from metathorax to SabdVIII + IX. Body setae. Flagellate, each 20 ± 5 (12 - 40) µm long, longest setae distributed in submesial and mesial areas, forming clusters in interantennal region, SabdVI to SabdVIII + IX and a few adjacent to cerarii; shortest setae evenly distributed over the entire surface. Obanal setae. Each 18 ± 5.2 (12 - 24) µm long. Cisanal setae. Each 32 ± 4.5 (25 - 36) µm long. Multilocular disc pores. Each with 9 or 10 loculi (Figs 5 G; 6 H) and 8 ± 2 (6 - 10) µm in diameter, distributed as follows: SabdIV [0] (0 - 1), SabdV [3] (8 - 16), SabdVI [20] (29 - 34), Sabd- VII [12] (31 - 39) and SabdVIII + IX [8] (10 - 16). Oral rim tubular ducts. Absent. Oral collar tubular ducts. Of two sizes: I) smaller type with diameter similar to a trilocular pore (Fig. 5 H, 6 I), each 3 ± 0.2 (2 - 3) µm in diameter and 6 ± 0.8 (6 - 8) µm long, forming transverse rows across SabdV [1] (1 - 17 pores), SabdVI [25] (25 - 47) and SabdVII [26] (26 - 37 pores); II) larger type each with a diameter greater than a trilocular pore (Fig. 5 I), 5 ± 0.2 (5 - 6) µm in diameter and 8 ± 0.6 (6 - 9) µm long, distributed in clusters in marginal and submarginal regions of SabdIV [1] (1 - 20 ducts), SabdV [52] (52 - 79), SabdVI [47] (47 - 61) and SabdVII [32] (32 - 46 ducts). Trilocular pores. Each 3 - 4 µm in diameter (Fig. 5 J), evenly distributed. Discoidal pores. Each narrower than a trilocular pore, 2 - 3 µm in diameter, evenly distributed (Fig. 5 K).	en	Caballero, Alejandro (2021): Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929. Zoosystema 43 (18): 341-363, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a18
574E87B4FFBF2409FEEAF9A8FACDF9DF.taxon	discussion	REMARKS There is a debate about the generic character state that defines Paraputo and Formicocccus. As Paraputo nasai n. sp. has six setae in the anal ring and no anal bar, there is no conflict to put it into the Paraputo genus. Paraputo nasai n. sp. comes closest to Paraputo colombiensis (Williams & Granara de Willink, 1992), another species with translucent pores on the hind femur and tibia and with a circulus present. Paraputo nasai n. sp. differs from P. colombiensis (character states in parenthesis) in having oral collar tubular ducts of two distinct sizes (oral collar ducts of one size only); multilocular disc pores on SabdIV and posterior segments (present on SabdVI and posterior segments); dorsal setae of uniform length over the entire surface (dorsal setae of two sizes, the shorter ones present from head to SabdIII, the longer ones present on SabdVI and posterior segments); number of conical cerarian setae progressively reduced anteriorly, from 6 - 12 setae in each of C 1 to C 6, to 2 - 3 setae in C 7 to C 18 (conical setae number constant amongst all the cerarii, with 4 - 6 setae per cerarius); and conical setae absent from marginal intercerarian spaces (conical setae present in marginal intercerarian spaces) [character data of P. colombiensis taken from Williams & Granara de Willink (1992)].	en	Caballero, Alejandro (2021): Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929. Zoosystema 43 (18): 341-363, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a18
574E87B4FFA3240EFC5CF8AAFB1DFA1F.taxon	description	(Figs 7; 8) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: FD 789556 - 375 E- 48 E 7 - 97 F 1 - 332 C 3867273 A	en	Caballero, Alejandro (2021): Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929. Zoosystema 43 (18): 341-363, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a18
574E87B4FFA3240EFC5CF8AAFB1DFA1F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. Colombia • adult ♀ (2 specimens in the same slide, holotype at the right side indicated as “ Holo ” in additional label); Cauca, Caldono, Vereda Chindaco, Farm La Esmeralda; 02 ° 48 ’ 36.68 ” N, 76 ° 28 ’ 40.22 ” W; 1603 m a. s. l.; 28. XI. 2015; J. Medina leg.; ex roots Coffea arabica (Rubiaceae) – coffee, manual; UNAB 4635. Paratypes. 8 adult ♀ on 5 slides • 1 ♀ (marked as “ Para ” shares a slide with the holotype); same data as for holotype; UNAB 4635 • 1 ♀ (marked as “ Para ” shares a slide with an immature specimen); same data as for holotype; UNAB 4635 • 4 ♀ (on 2 slides); same data as for holotype; UNAB 4635 • 2 ♀ (on 1 slide); same data as for holotype; MNHN.	en	Caballero, Alejandro (2021): Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929. Zoosystema 43 (18): 341-363, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a18
574E87B4FFA3240EFC5CF8AAFB1DFA1F.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet “ luciae ” dedicated to Dr Lucia Calderón-Espinosa, Colombian herpetologist.	en	Caballero, Alejandro (2021): Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929. Zoosystema 43 (18): 341-363, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a18
574E87B4FFA3240EFC5CF8AAFB1DFA1F.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Combination of only a few oral collar tubular ducts (<75 ducts), a few oral rim tubular ducts (<15 over entire body), and few multilocular disc pores (<12), a small circulus (<61 µm wide) and eyes not associated with either a sclerotized area nor with discoidal pores.	en	Caballero, Alejandro (2021): Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929. Zoosystema 43 (18): 341-363, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a18
574E87B4FFA3240EFC5CF8AAFB1DFA1F.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Pre-mounting specimens Appearance in situ: not observed. Specimens preserved in 75 % ethanol with milky appearence; color unchanged in 10 % potassium hydroxide. Post-mounting specimens Slide-mounted adult females (n = 6): body oval to round (Fig. 7; 8 A), length 1.9 ± 0.2 [2.2] (1.5 - 2.2) mm; wide 1.4 ± 0.3 [1.7] (0.9 - 1.7) mm. Dorsum Ostioles. Conspicuous, 20.4 ± 4.0 (13 - 30) µm wide, with membranous lips and 3 - 5 setae and scattered trilocular pores on each lip. Anal ring. 76.1 ± 2.3 [77] (72 - 80) µm in transverse diameter, with 6 flagellate setae each 104.9 ± 8.9 (90 - 123) µm long; ring containing two rows of cells, external row with cells smaller than those in internal row, subquadrate and subrectangular, each cell with a spicule 2 or 3 µm long; internal row with 45.8 ± 4.0 (41 - 53) irregular cells tending to be elongate and without spicules. Cerarii. Numbering 17 pairs (Fig. 7 A); cerarian pattern C 1 [2; 4] (1 - 2; 2 - 6), C 2 [2; 4 - 5] (1 - 2; 2 - 6), C 3 [2; 2 - 4] (2; 1 - 5), C 4 [2; 2] (2; 1 - 3), C 5 [2; 1 - 3] (1 - 2; 1 - 3), C 6 [2; 0 - 1] (2; - 4), C 7 [2; 1] (2; 1 - 3), C 8 [2 - 3; 1 - 2] (1 - 3; 0 - 2), C 9 [2; 2] (2; 0 - 3), C 10 [2; 0 - 1] (1 - 3; 0 - 1), C 11 [2; 1 - 2] (2; 1 - 3), C 12 [2; 2 - 3] (1 - 2; 0 - 5), C 13 [2; 1] (1 - 2; 1 - 4), C 14 [2 - 3; 1 - 3] (1 - 3; 1 - 3), C 15 [2; 0 - 2] (1 - 2; 0 - 3), C 16 [2 - 3; 1 - 2] (2 - 4; 0 - 3), C 17 [2; 1 - 2] (1 - 4; 0 - 3), all cerarii situated on membranous plates. Body setae. Flagellate, 19.1 ± 6.5 (9 - 45) µm long, longest setae found in mesial and submarginal regions, shortest setae evenly distributed. Trilocular pores. Evenly distributed over entire surface (Fig. 7 B), each pore 3 - 4 µm in diameter. Multilocular disc pores. Absent. Oral rim tubular ducts. All same size, each 8.6 ± 0.6 (8 - 10) µm in diameter and associated with 1 or 2 discoidal pores and 1 seta (Figs 7 C; 8 B), numbering 2.4 ± 1.5 [3] (0 - 5), distribution highly variable but never situated on head, thorax at the level of C 11 or on SabdIII and posterior segments. Oral collar tubular ducts. Absent. Discoidal pores. Of two types: type I with a single loculus, present in two sizes: I) small, each 2 - 3 µm in diameter, smaller than a trilocular pore (Fig. 7 D), distributed from head to SabdVI; and II) larger, each 3 - 5 µm in diameter, similar size to, or larger than a trilocular pore (Fig. 7 E), distributed on SabdVII and SabdVIII + IX, with border stout and sclerotized; type II discoidal pores bilocular, each 4 - 5 µm in diameter (Figs. 7 F; 8 C). Spicule. Present from metathorax and posterior segments. Venter Antennae. Each 393.8 ± 13.5 (367 - 419) µm long (Fig. 7 G; 8 D), with eight segments, segment lengths and chaetotaxy as follows: SantI 61.9 ± 4.3 (55 - 71) µm long, with four flagellate setae; SantII 63.6 ± 3.2 (58 - 69) µm long, with five to eight flagellate setae and one placoid sensilla; SantIII 44.9 ± 3.3 (39 - 51) µm long, with five to seven flagellate setae; SantIV 30.3 ± 2.8 (23 - 34) µm long, with three to five flagellate setae; SantV 36.4 ± 3.7 (31 - 44) µm long, with six to nine flagellate setae; SantVI 31.3 ± 2.4 (28 - 35) µm long, with five flagellate setae; SantVII 39.0 ± 2.1 (33 - 43) µm long, with five flagellate setae and one fleshy seta; SantVIII 86.4 ± 2.8 (79 - 91) µm long, with 18 flagellate setae and four fleshy setae; ratios SantI / SantII 1.0 ± 0.1 (0.8 - 1.2), SantI / SantIV 2.1 ± 0.2 (1.8 - 2.6), SantI / SantVI 2.0 ± 0.2 (1.7 - 2.3), and SantVIII / SantIV 2.9 ± 0.3 (2.5 - 3.7). Eyespots. Each 39.1 ± 2.8 (33 - 43) µm in diameter, not associated with discoidal pores (Fig. 8). Labium. 120.4 ± 4.6 (115 - 129) µm long and 114.7 ± 6.6 (101 - 121) µm wide, with three segments: basal segment with 3 pairs of setae; middle segment with one pair of setae; and apical segment with seven to nine pairs of setae. Fore leg. 566.6 ± 10.8 (546 - 582) µm long; trochanter + femur 262.1 ± 6.3 (248 - 275) µm long, femur 198.0 ± 5.1 (188 - 205) long and 86.8 ± 4.0 (76 - 94) µm wide; tibia + tarsus 268.5 ± 6.6 (259 - 282) µm long, tibia 172.3 ± 5.2 (163 - 181) long and 43.9 ± 2.0 (39 - 47) µm wide; claw 36.1 ± 1.5 (32 - 39) µm long; ratios: lengths of trochanter + femur / tibia + tarsus 1.0; trochanter + femur length / femur width 3.0 ± 0.2 (2.8 - 3.4); tibia + tarsus length / tibia width 6.1 ± 0.3 (5.5 - 6.8); chaetotaxy: coxa with 10 flagellate setae, trochanter with seven setae and four placoid sensilla, femur with 17 - 22 setae, tibia with 18 - 20 flagellate setae plus two spines on internal margin of distal region; tarsus with 11 - 13 setae and a pair of slender and capitate tarsal digitules of two sizes, the larger one 40.3 ± 2.3 (35 - 46) µm long, the shorter one 30.0 ± 4.2 (23 - 38) µm long; claw without a denticle, with two ungual digitules capitate, slightly thicker than tarsal digitule, each 27.9 ± 1.8 (24 - 30) µm long. Mid leg. 581.4 ± 11.4 (562 - 601) µm long; trochanter + femur 269.3 ± 6.0 (258 - 282) µm long, femur 205.1 ± 4.8 (196 - 214) long and 89.4 ± 1.9 (87 - 92) µm wide; tibia + tarsus 275.3 ± 7.8 (257 - 288) µm long, tibia 178.2 ± 6.5 (163 - 191) long and 45.8 ± 2.2 (41 - 49) µm wide; claw 36.8 ± 1.8 (32 - 39) µm long; ratios: lengths of trochanter + femur / tibia + tarsus 1.0, trochanter + femur length / femur width 3.0 ± 0.1 (2.8 - 3.2), tibia + tarsus length / tibia width 6.0 ± 0.4 (5.2 - 6.9); chaetotaxy: coxa with 11 flagellate setae, trochanter with seven, femur with 16 - 20, tibia with 18 - 28 flagellate setae plus two spines (as fore tibia), tarsus with 10 - 13 setae and a pair of unequal tarsal digitules similar those on fore tarsus, the larger one 38.2 ± 1.9 (36 - 42) µm long, the shorter one 32.4 ± 2.6 (28 - 36) µm long; claw without a denticle, ungual digitules similar those on fore claw, each digitule 29.4 ± 2.5 (21 - 32) µm long. Hind leg. 655.1 ± 11.6 (637 - 678) µm long; trochanter + femur 295.9 ± 5.8 (282 - 306) µm long; femur 228.8 ± 4.3 (219 - 234) µm long and 94.6 ± 3.0 (88 - 101) µm wide; tibia + tarsus 322.7 ± 7.3 (312 - 334) µm long; tibia 219.0 ± 6.0 (210 - 228) µm long and 44.5 ± 3.2 (37 - 51) µm wide; claw 37.2 ± 2.7 (30 - 41) µm long; ratios: lengths of trochanter + femur / tibia + tarsus 0.9 - 1.0; trochanter + femur length / femur width 3.1 ± 0.1 (2.9 - 3.4), tibia + tarsus length / tibia width 7.3 ± 0.6 (6.4 - 8.7), lengths of tibia / tarsus 2.1 ± 0.1 (2.0 - 2.2). Translucent pores on hind leg distributed as follows: absent from coxa, trochanter and tarsus, femur with 90 ± 12 (69 - 112) pores, tibia with 58 ± 12 (34 - 74) pores (Fig. 7 H); chaetotaxy: coxa with 11 flagellate setae, trochanter with seven, femur with 14 - 17, tibia with 20 - 26 flagellate setae plus two spines (similar those on fore tibia), tarsus with 8 - 10 flagellate setae; tarsal digitules unequal, similar those on fore tarsus, the larger one 38.6 ± 3.4 (31 - 45) µm long, the shorter one 39.9 ± 4.6 (21 - 37) µm long (Fig. 8 F); claw without a denticle, ungual digitules similar to those on other legs, each 29.3 ± 2.8 (21 - 32) µm long. Circulus. Situated in posterior part of SabdIII, 48.9 ± 6.0 [61] (41 - 61) µm in transverse diameter (Fig. 8 G). Anal lobes. Prominent, not sclerotized, each with apical flagellate seta 127.3 ± 11.0 (104 - 144) µm long, 2 - 7 auxiliary flagellate setae and 1 - 2 discoidal pores, each 4 - 5 µm in diameter (Fig. 8 H). Body setae. Flagellate and of variable length: 50.2 ± 21.4 (21 - 88) µm long on head, 31.9 ± 12.9 (14 - 65) µm on thorax, and 33.0 ± 14.0 (11 - 80) µm long on abdomen, the longest setae distributed in mesial region on all segments. Intersegmental areas lacking setae. Obanal setae. Each 60.4 ± 5.1 (51 - 69) µm long. Cisanal setae. Each 49.3 ± 5.7 (40 - 57) µm long. Trilocular pores. Each 3 - 4 µm in diameter (Fig. 7 I), evenly distributed. Multilocular disc pores. Each 8.4 ± 0.6 (7 - 10) µm in diameter (Fig. 7 J; 8 I), numbering 5.8 ± 2.7 [3] (2 - 11), distributed as follows: SabdV [0] (0 - 1), SabdVI [0] (0 - 1), SabdVII [0] (0 - 5) and SabdVIII + IX [3] (1 - 6). Discoidal pores. Of two types: I) one type with a single loculus each 4 - 5 µm in diameter, evenly distributed (Fig. 7 K); II) second type bilocular, each pore 5 - 6 µm in diameter, scarce (Fig. 7 L). Oral rim tubular ducts. All same size, each 8.8 ± 0.9 (7 - 10) µm in diameter, length about 11.3 ± 1.2 (10 - 12), usually not associated with discoidal pores or setae; numbering 1.9 ± 2.3 [7] (0 - 7) (Fig. 7 M), distribution highly variable but absent from SabdIV and posterior segments. Oral collar tubular ducts. All same size, each 7.4 ± 0.8 (6 - 10) µm long and 4.1 ± 0.4 (3 - 6) µm in diameter (Fig. 7 N, Fig. 8 J), numbering 63.1 ± 8.5 [70] (53 - 71), forming lateral clusters and transverse rows in mid-region as follows: SabdIII [2] (0 - 6), SabdIV [22] (11 - 26), SabdV [29] (20 - 33), SabdVI [30] (21 - 33), and SabdVII [17] (12 - 18) ducts. Spicules. Present on mesothorax and posterior body segments.	en	Caballero, Alejandro (2021): Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929. Zoosystema 43 (18): 341-363, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a18
574E87B4FFA3240EFC5CF8AAFB1DFA1F.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Pseudococcus luciae n. sp. is similar to Pseudococcus dendrobiorum Williams, 1985 and Pseudococcus lycopodii Beardsley, 1959 because all three species have only a few multilocular disc pores, restricted to the last three abdominal segments (<12 in P. luciae n. sp., <13 in P. dendrobiorum and <15 in P. lycopodii); only a few dorsal oral rim tubular ducts on the dorsum (<5 in P. luciae n. sp., 0 in P. dendrobiorum and 4 - 12 in P. lycopodii) and venter (<7 in P. luciae n. sp., <3 in P. dendrobiorum and 4 - 12 in P. lycopodii, absent from SabdIV and posterior segments). Pseudococcus luciae n. sp. differs from P. dendrobiorum (characters in parenthesis) by having a shorter labium, less than 130 µm long (150 - 160 µm long), a smaller circulus, less than 60 µm of transverse diameter (100 - 130 µm in transverse diameter), a longer hind tibia + tarsus, around 310 - 340 µm long (160 - 200 µm long), and hind tibia + tarsus length greater than hind trochanter + femur length (hind tibia + tarsus much shorter than hind trochanter + femur). Pseudococcus luciae n. sp. differs from P. lycopodii (characters in parenthesis) by having 17 cerarii (14 - 16 cerarii), more than 50 collar tubular ducts (10 - 20) and a smaller circulus (80 µm in transverse diameter) [character data on P. dendrobiorum taken from Williams (1985) and on P. lycopodii from Beardsley (1959)]. The taxonomic character “ transverse diameter of circulus ” is considered to be useful for separating species groups (Gimpel & Miller 1996). Pseudococcus luciae n. sp. belongs to the “ small-circulus ” (transverse diameter less than 80 µm) group, which includes P. apomicrocirculus Gimpel & Miller, 1996, P. dolichomelos Gimpel & Miller, 1996, P. debilis Granara de Willink, 2018, P. dysmicus Gimpel & Miller, 1996, P. eriocerei Williams, 1973, P. microcirculus McKenzie, P. neomicrocirculus Gimpel & Miller, 1996, P. sorghiellus (Forbes, 1885), and P. spanocera. Among these species, P. luciae n. sp. is closest to P. neomicrocirculus and P. spanocera. In addition to having a small circulus, these species have only a few oral rim tubular ducts. Morphological differences between them include absence of discoidal pores associated with eyespot (P. neomicrocirculus and P. spanocera have discoidal pores associated with eyespots), translucent pores restricted to femur and tibia (present in all segments of the hind leg in P. spanocera; restricted to the hind tibia in P. neomicrocirculus), and less than five multilocular disc pores on each abdominal segment from SabdV and posterior segments (P. neomicrocirculus and P. spanocera have more than 10 multilocular disc pores on each abdominal segment) [character data of P. neomicrocirculus and P. spanocera taken from Gimpel & Miller (1996)].	en	Caballero, Alejandro (2021): Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929. Zoosystema 43 (18): 341-363, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a18
