identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5759D349FF924362FE53FA6111C7E1F2.text	5759D349FF924362FE53FA6111C7E1F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Typhlosyrinx Thiele 1925	<div><p>Typhlosyrinx Thiele, 1925</p><p>Type species. Pleurotoma (Leucosyrinx) vepallida Martens, 1902 (figures 5–7), by original designation.</p><p>Description. Shell rather large, adults about 40 mm high on average and up to 57 mm, with high spire, capacious last whorl and short canal. Protoconch with diagonally cancellated sculpture when multispiral (known in a single species). Axial sculpture of low-set ribs below whorl periphery on spire whorls only. Sinus occupying subsutural ramp, rather shallow and broad. Operculum absent. Radular teeth medium-sized, with barbed blade and short basal part.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5759D349FF924362FE53FA6111C7E1F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bouchet, P.;Sysoev, A.	Bouchet, P., Sysoev, A. (2001): Typhlosyrinx - like tropical deep-water turriform gastropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Conoidea). Journal of Natural History 35 (11): 1693-1715, DOI: 10.1080/002229301317092405, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229301317092405
5759D349FF954363FE2FFF3C120AE012.text	5759D349FF954363FE2FFF3C120AE012.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leiosyrinx Bouchet & Sysoev 2001	<div><p>Leiosyrinx n. gen.</p><p>Type species. Leiosyrinx immedicata n. sp.</p><p>Description. Shell rather large, adults about 30–40 mm high on average and up to 50 mm, with high spire and truncated canal. Protoconch with diagonally cancellated sculpture when multispiral. No axial sculpture. Sinus occupying subsutural ramp, rather shallow and broad. Operculum absent. Radular teeth small, less than 100 m m in length, simpli fi ed, with short blade.</p><p>Remarks. Conchologically, the species of Leiosyrinx are very similar to those of Typhlosyrinx and differ essentially in the absence of axial sculpture. This difference by itself would not justify the erection of a new genus if it was not correlated with a difference in radula. The teeth of species with axially ribbed teleoconchs measure 0.7–0.8% of shell height and have a barbed blade, those of species with smooth teleoconchs measure 0.23–0.26% of shell height and have a simpli fi ed unbarbed blade.</p><p>Etymology. From the Greek leios (adj.), smooth, with reference to the lack of axial sculpture, and su ffi x - syrinx to recall the shell resemblance to Typhlosyrinx .</p><p>Allocation to a subfamily</p><p>Powell (1969) noted that the subfamily allocation of Typhlosyrinx was uncertain. He regarded the slender barbed toxoglossate teeth of T. vepallida and the absence of an operculum to be ‘daphnellid features’, but the absence of a diagonally cancellated protoconch and ‘turriculid style posterior sinus’ led him to locate ‘provisionally’ the genus in the Turriculinae . Our re-examination of the holotype of Typhlosyrinx vepallida shows that the early whorls are dissolved and the protoconch is missing. Therefore, the statement that the protoconch of T. vepallida is ‘globose and smooth’ (Powell, 1969) is erroneous and must have been based on a wrong interpretation of Martens’ (1902) brief Latin diagnosis, which did not distinguish the protoconch whorls as such («... anfr. 8 ½, primus globosus, laevis, secundus subcylindricus, item laevis ... »). The paratype of T. praecipua, which is undoubtedly congeneric, has remnants of protoconch with diagonally cancellated sculpture. Likewise, Leiosyrinx neocaledoniensis n. sp. and L. matsukumai n. sp. have a diagonally cancellated multispiral protoconch. This indicates a position for Typhlosyrinx and Leiosyrinx in the subfamily Raphitominae .</p><p>The relationships of Typhlosyrinx and Leiosyrinx with other raphitomine genera are unclear. As noticed by Powell (1969), species of Typhlosyrinx are more similar to members of Cochlespirinae [= Turriculinae] than to any genus of R aphitominae. Species of Leiosyrinx have a super fi cial resemblance to such genera as Typhlodaphne Powell, 1951 (itself a genus of uncertain position but probably belonging to Raphitominae) and Belaturricula Powell, 1951 (an operculate genus with weak anal sinus and smooth paucispiral protoconch indicating its position in Mangeliinae), but differ from both by their shell being still more narrow and slender.</p><p>Composition</p><p>Species excluded. Barnard (1963) described three deep-sea South African species as Typhlosyrinx chrysopelex, T. pyrropelex and T. subrosea . However, re-examination of the type material has resulted in chrysoplex being reallocated to Gymnobela Verrill, 1884, and T. pyrropelex and T. subrosea to Xanthodaphne Powell, 1942 (Sysoev, 1996b) .</p><p>Species included. Typhlosyrinx vepallida (Martens, 1902); T. praecipua (E. A. Smith, 1899); T. supracostata (Schepman, 1913); T. panamica n. sp.; T. neocaledoniensis n. sp.; Leiosyrinx immedicata n. sp.; L. liphaima n. sp.; L. matsukumai n. sp.; L. apheles n. sp.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5759D349FF954363FE2FFF3C120AE012	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bouchet, P.;Sysoev, A.	Bouchet, P., Sysoev, A. (2001): Typhlosyrinx - like tropical deep-water turriform gastropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Conoidea). Journal of Natural History 35 (11): 1693-1715, DOI: 10.1080/002229301317092405, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229301317092405
5759D349FF944361FEA1FDB912A6E1B2.text	5759D349FF944361FEA1FDB912A6E1B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Typhlosyrinx vepallida (Martens 1902)	<div><p>Typhlosyrinx vepallida (Martens, 1902)</p><p>(figures 1, 5–7)</p><p>Pleurotoma (Leucosyrinx) vepallida Martens, 1902: 240 .</p><p>Leucosyrinx vepallida: Martens, 1904: 89, pl. 2, figure 6; Thiele, 1904: 174, pl. 4, figure 74.</p><p>Pleurotoma (Surcula) vepallida: E. A. Smith, 1906: 162 .</p><p>Pleurotomella (Typhlosyrinx) vepallida: Thiele, 1925: 184 (218).</p><p>Typhlosyrinx vepallida: Powell, 1969: 360, pl. 272, figure 1 [copied from Martens].</p><p>Type material. Holotype in ZMB 60096.</p><p>Type locality. Gulf of Aden, 13°01'N, 47°10.9'E, 1840 m [ Valdivia sta. 270 ]. Material examined. The holotype.</p><p>Distribution. The only certain record of T. vepallida is the type locality. Smith (1906) recorded the species from ‘ Investigator ’ sta. 281, off the Coromandel coast in 300 fms [550 m], and stated that the shell agreed ‘in all respects’ with the type. This specimen, which has not been illustrated, could not be located in BMNH (K. Way, personal communication) and may be in the collection of the Zoological Survey of India, in Calcutta; the specimen should be examined before the record is accepted. Powell (1969) also mentioned as T. vepallida a specimen from sta. 184 of the John Murray Deep-Sea Expedition (Gulf of Aden, 1270 m), which he did not illustrate or describe. In his study of the turrids of the John Murray Expedition, Sysoev (1996a) only found T. praecipua at that station; although it did not carry a label with Powell’s identi fi cation, it is highly probable that this is the specimen referred to by him and that his published identi fi cation was erroneous.</p><p>Description. The holotype measures 43.1 ✕16.4 mm and has eight preserved whorls; the protoconch and the fi rst teleoconch whorls are dissolved. Spire whorls angulated slightly below the middle. Suture narrowly channelled, especially on early whorls. Axial ribs starting at whorl angulation, present on all whorls except most of the last one, numbering nine and 14 on antepenultimate and penultimate whorls, respectively. Growth lines thickened abapically of suture to form numerous short folds, curved in correspondence with shape of anal sinus. Below periphery, whorls covered by wide, fl attened cords with narrow interspaces. Adapical part of whorls covered by strongly prosocline, irregular, sometimes branching, wrinkles. A thin, light yellowish beige periostracum is present.</p><p>Remarks. Typhlosyrinx vepallida is similar to T. praecipua but differs in having relatively strong spiral cords below whorl periphery and strong axial ribs on almost all whorls. In specimens of T. praecipua or T. supracostata of comparable size, the axial ribs do not even extend on to the entire penultimate whorl. A peculiar feature, which occasionally occurs also in T. supracostata, is the presence of subsutural prosoclinely arcuate wrinkles.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5759D349FF944361FEA1FDB912A6E1B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bouchet, P.;Sysoev, A.	Bouchet, P., Sysoev, A. (2001): Typhlosyrinx - like tropical deep-water turriform gastropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Conoidea). Journal of Natural History 35 (11): 1693-1715, DOI: 10.1080/002229301317092405, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229301317092405
5759D349FF96436EFEBAFEF8120FE44E.text	5759D349FF96436EFEBAFEF8120FE44E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Typhlosyrinx praecipua (E. A. Smith 1899)	<div><p>Typhlosyrinx praecipua (E. A. Smith, 1899)</p><p>(figures 8–13)</p><p>Pleurotoma (Surcula) praecipua E.A. Smith, 1899: 239 .</p><p>Pleurotoma (Surcula) praecipua: Alcock and MacArdle, 1901: pl. 9, figures 5, 5a.</p><p>Typhlosyrinx praecipua: Powell, 1969: 360, pl. 272, figures 2, 3; Sysoev, 1996a: 23, figure 101.</p><p>Type material. Holotype ZSI M 915/1 (not seen, not available for loan), paratype BMNH 1904.615.53 .</p><p>Type locality. India, off Travancore coast, 09°29'34 " N, 75°38'E, 360 fms [658 m] [Investigator sta. 229].</p><p>Material examined. The paratype (figures 9, 10). Gulf of Aden . John Murray D eep-Sea Expedition: Sta. 184, 14°36'N, 51°00'E, 1270 m, one dd (Sysoev, 1996: figure 101). Ceylon. Safari 2: Sta. CP6, 08°11'N, 79°03'E, 1035 m, one lv (figures 12, 13). Sta. CP7, 08°29'N, 79°19'E, 1095 m, two lv (figure 11) .</p><p>Distribution. Gulf of Aden, India, Ceylon, in 658–1270 m.</p><p>Description. Our description is based on the paratype (figures 9, 10), which differs rather substantially from the illustration of the holotype (Alcock and MacArdle, 1901: pl. 9, figures 5, 5a; this paper, figure 8) in having a much more convex last whorl, more fl attened spire pro fi le, longer canal and low-set axial ribs. However, it is di ffi cult to estimate the value of these differences without actually examining the holotype. Holotype 38 ✕ 15 mm. The 33.0 ✕13.5 mm paratype has a white polished solid surface and a proportionally short spire occupying 29% of total shell height. Protoconch corroded but the ca 0.5 remaining whorl has a diagonally cancellated sculpture. Teleoconch whorls eight, with very broad and strongly convex last whorl, suture weakly channelled, sculptured by axial ribs except on ca last 1.7 smooth whorls, ribs very low-set on last two spire whorls, which makes suture wavy. Spiral striae rather distinct on fi rst four teleoconch whorls, obsolete on last spire whorls, very weak on last whorl below periphery, and slightly stronger on canal. Canal distinctly set off from shell base. Three specimens collected by the Safari 2 expedition (figures 11–13) have thin shells, with weakly shining surface. Whorls fl attened. Suture shallow, adpressed. Axial ribs short, strongly nodular, on last ribbed whorls restricted to area just above suture. Spiral sculpture very weak, consisting of closely set fl attened cords on periphery of ribbed whorls, indistinct cords on periphery and base of last whorls, and few stronger cords on canal. Colour brownish yellow, with broad, rather indistinct light-chestnut band above periphery.</p><p>Remarks. Typhlosyrinx praecipua as interpreted here is very similar to T. supracostata, differing only in the slightly lower spire and stronger and more nodulose axial ribs. Shells from the Safari 2 expedition are somewhat intermediate between the types of T. praecipua and our material of T. supracostata . This may indicate that the two nominal species represent only Indian and South-East Asian populations of a single taxonomical species. However, there is too little material available from the Indian Ocean to assess population variability there, and no material at all from between India and central Indonesia. Conservatively, we keep the two species as separate entities.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5759D349FF96436EFEBAFEF8120FE44E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bouchet, P.;Sysoev, A.	Bouchet, P., Sysoev, A. (2001): Typhlosyrinx - like tropical deep-water turriform gastropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Conoidea). Journal of Natural History 35 (11): 1693-1715, DOI: 10.1080/002229301317092405, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229301317092405
5759D349FF99436DFEC7FAB41055E1F2.text	5759D349FF99436DFEC7FAB41055E1F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Typhlosyrinx supracostata (Schepman 1913)	<div><p>Typhlosyrinx supracostata (Schepman, 1913)</p><p>(figures 2, 14–22)</p><p>Surcula supracostata Schepman, 1913: 422, pl. 27, figure 8.</p><p>Typhlosyrinx supracostata: Powell, 1969: 361, pl. 272, figures 4–7; Shuto, 1970: 39, pl. 3, figures 9, 10.</p><p>NOT Typhlosyrinx supracostata: M atsukuma et al., 1991: pl. 72, figure 7 [= L. matsukumai].</p><p>Type material. Of two syntypes, one (ZMA 313035) is 26.6 mm high, quite worn and with a much damaged aperture, the other (ZMA 313034) measures 31.9 ✕11.3 mm and is in better condition (figures 14, 15); this is the specimen illustrated by Schepman (1913) and Shuto (1970). Because the name Surcula supracostata has been applied by reference to the latter specimen, it is here selected as lectotype.</p><p>Type locality. Indonesia, F lores Sea, 07°24'S, 118°15.2'E, 794 m [‘ Siboga ’, sta. 45].</p><p>Material examined. Indonesia. Albatross: Sta. 5592, Sibuko Bay, Borneo, S of Silungan I., 04°12.44'N, 118°27.44'E, 305 fms [558 m], two dd (USNM 229306; USNM 278957, illustrated by Powell, 1969: pl. 272, figures 6, 7). Sta. 5618, Molucca Passage, 00°37.00'N, 127°15.00'E, 417 fms [763 m], one dd (USNM 239258). Corindon: Sta. CH 240, 00°37'S, 119°37'E, 675 m, one dd. Sta. CH 276, 01°55'S, 119°13'E, 395–450 m, one lv, two dd. Sta CH 280, 01°59'S, 119°10'E, 715–800 m, four lv. K arubar: Sta. CP52, 08°03'S, 131°48'E, 1244–1266 m, two lv. Sta. CP54, 08°21'S, 131°43'E, 836–869 m, 38 lv, six dd (figures 20, 21). Sta. D E55, 08°16'S, 131°47'E, 852-854 m, one lv. Sta. CP73, 08°29'S, 131°33'E, 840–855 m, seven lv, three dd (figures 18, 19). Sta. CP87, 08°47'S, 130°49'E, 1017–1024 m, three lv, three dd. Sta. CP89, 08°39'S, 131°08'E, 1058–1084 m, two lv, one dd. Sta. CP91, 08°44'S, 131°05'E, 884–891 m, eight lv, two dd (figures 16, 17) . Philippines. Musorstom 2: Sta. CP81, 13°34'N, 120°31'E, 856–884 m, eight lv, two dd (figure 22) .</p><p>Distribution. Indonesia and the Philippines, alive in 450–1244 m.</p><p>Description. Shell broad, thin, spire occupying 38–40% of total shell height. Apex (protoconch and fi rst one to two teleoconch whorls) dissolved in all specimens examined. Teleoconch with up to at least nine whorls, suture shallow, impressed. Whorls weakly convex, subsutural ramp very concave and periphery in lower third on spire whorls, ramp poorly de fi ned and periphery at about mid-whorl height on adult whorls. Axial ribs rather high, weakly nodulose, on early whorls occupying abapical half of whorl, most prominent point in whorl middle. Last two or three adult whorls usually smooth. Spiral cords low, separated by narrow grooves, occupying lower half of whorls with axial ribs, and becoming obsolete together with the ribs. Base and siphonal canal with strong cords but prominence and extension vary between specimens. Based on growth lines, anal sinus deepest at middle of subsutural ramp, broad and shallow. Shells of specimens from depths of 450–700 m are smaller (specimens of 33–37 mm appear to be adult), have a more sturdily built shell and are more distinctly coloured, as is the specimen illustrated by Powell (1969) which has a broad, light salmon-brown band above periphery; those from 800 to 1200 m are larger, up to 57.6 ✕21.5 mm, thinner and brownish yellow.</p><p>Radular teeth of medium size, length 290 m m for a specimen with shell height 38.3 mm, with two rather strong barbs at tip of blade, and small basal part with large spur.</p><p>Remarks. When he described Surcula supracostata, Schepman (1913) stated that he did not know of any similar species, being apparently unaware of Smith’s (1899) Pleurotoma praecipua . What he considered to be characteristic of S. supracostata, i.e. the difference in sculpture between the early and subsequent whorls, is in fact a generic character of Typhlosyrinx . Powell (1969) treated T. praecipua and T. supracostata as closely allied but distinct species, differing in shell proportions and the presence or absence of spiral cords on the shell base. However, shell proportions are variable and overlap (figures 49, 50) and the development of cords on the shell base is a matter of degree. Our material from Indonesia identi fi able as T. supracostat a differs from Indian Ocean material identi fi able as T. praecipua in the sculpture of the early whorls (figure 51), the ribs being shorter, stronger and more nodulose in the latter. However, because of the lack of geographically intermediate material between southern India ( T. praecipua) and central/eastern Indonesia ( T. supracostata), we cannot rule out that these differences relate to mere geographical/populational variants of a single biological species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5759D349FF99436DFEC7FAB41055E1F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bouchet, P.;Sysoev, A.	Bouchet, P., Sysoev, A. (2001): Typhlosyrinx - like tropical deep-water turriform gastropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Conoidea). Journal of Natural History 35 (11): 1693-1715, DOI: 10.1080/002229301317092405, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229301317092405
5759D349FF9A436DFE6FFF3811ADE5DE.text	5759D349FF9A436DFE6FFF3811ADE5DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Typhlosyrinx panamica Bouchet & Sysoev 2001	<div><p>Typhlosyrinx panamica n. sp.</p><p>(figures 27–29)</p><p>Type material. Holotype and two paratypes (all dd) in ZMC.</p><p>Type locality. Gulf of Panama, 07°15'N, 79°25'W, 915 m [ Galathea sta. 745].</p><p>Material examined. Only known from the type material.</p><p>Distribution. Gulf of Panama, shells in 915 m.</p><p>Description. Holotype (figure 27). Shell thin, fragile, rather broad, spire occupying ca 35% of total shell height. Apex (protoconch and fi rst teleoconch whorls) dissolved, remaining whorls five, suture very shallow. F irst two remaining whorls with axial sculpture, weakly angulated in the middle, concave adapically; last three whorls without axial ribs, with almost fl at pro fi le, with very weak subsutural fold. Axial sculpture consisting of ribs and incremental lines, subsuturally forming weakly thickened wrinkles, especially on early whorls. Axial ribs strong, narrow, opisthocline, slightly nodulose, commencing just above periphery and reaching suture abapically, 11 ribs on last axially sculptured whorl. One or two subsutural spiral cords, sinus area smooth, rest of whorl covered by numerous, wavy, fl at spiral cords, broader and with narrow interspaces on base, narrower on canal. Base evenly convex. Aperture oval, inner lip covered by wide callus, forming irregular nodules inside aperture, columella straight. Anal sinus moderately deep, with strongly projecting outer lip judging from growth lines (deformed behind peristome due to damage and repair). Canal short, straight. Colour yellowish white.</p><p>Dimensions: shell height 29.1 mm, last whorl height 20.5 mm, aperture height 16.3 mm, diameter 12.1 mm.</p><p>Paratypes (28.3 ✕11.4 mm and 15.3 ✕7.4 mm; figures 28, 29) differ in having slightly more convex spire whorls.</p><p>Remarks. Typhlosyrinx panamica ressembles T. praecipua, and differs from it in having a much stronger spiral sculpture and in the axial ribs being con fi ned to the earlier spire whorls only. This is the fi rst species of Typhlosyrinx from outside the Indo-Paci fi c.</p><p>Etymology. Named after the region of collection.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5759D349FF9A436DFE6FFF3811ADE5DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bouchet, P.;Sysoev, A.	Bouchet, P., Sysoev, A. (2001): Typhlosyrinx - like tropical deep-water turriform gastropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Conoidea). Journal of Natural History 35 (11): 1693-1715, DOI: 10.1080/002229301317092405, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229301317092405
5759D349FF9A436BFE94FB4B11ADE3D0.text	5759D349FF9A436BFE94FB4B11ADE3D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Typhlosyrinx neocaledoniensis Bouchet & Sysoev 2001	<div><p>Typhlosyrinx neocaledoniensis n. sp.</p><p>(figures 23–26)</p><p>Type material. Holotype and two paratypes in MNHN.</p><p>Type locality. North of New Caledonia, 18°47'S, 163°17'E, 610–613 m [ Bathus 4, sta. CP921].</p><p>Material examined. North of New Caledonia. Bathus 4: Sta. CP912, 18°56'S, 163°08'E, 690–702 m, one dd (paratype). Sta. CP921, 18°47'S, 163°17'E, 610–613 m, two dd (holotype, figures 23, 24 and paratype, figures 25, 26).</p><p>Distribution. North of New Caledonia, known only from empty shells in 613– 690 m.</p><p>Description. Holotype (figures 23, 24). Shell slender, solid, polished, spire occupying 38% of total shell height. Protoconch partly broken and eroded, remaining two whorls brown, with diagonally cancellated sculpture. Teleoconch whorls nine, suture shallow. F irst six whorls with axial ribs, angulated in middle, and concave subsutural ramp bearing thickened growth lines adapically forming short arcuate folds. Ribs opisthocline, commencing just above angulation, nodulose at periphery and rapidly fading abapically. Subsequent whorls smooth, weakly convex, with poorly de fi ned and very slightly concave subsutural ramp. Spiral sculpture obsolete except on shell base, which is sculptured by narrow incised grooves that become stronger and more crowded on canal. Base weakly convex, evenly curved to canal. Aperture oval, inner lip rather evenly curved, columella almost straight. Anal sinus moderately deep, with strongly projecting outer lip. Canal short, broad. Colour off- white, with pale brownish band on periphery.</p><p>Dimensions: shell height 36.9 mm, last whorl height 22.8 mm, aperture height 17.3 mm, diameter 12.6 mm.</p><p>Paratypes (35.9 ✕13.0 mm and 27.0 ✕9.7 mm) are similar to the holotype in all essential characters. The larger paratype is orange-brown but this may result from post mortem diagenetic processes.</p><p>Remarks. Typhlosyrinx neocaledoniensis is most similar to T. praecipua, but differs in having a more slender shell with high spire, obsolete spiral sculpture even on early whorls, and early loss of axial sculpture (ribs are absent on last three whorls). The ribs are more numerous in T. neocaledoniensis than in any other congener: 13–16 on the last ribbed whorl vs 10–11 in T. praecipua and 10–12 in T. supracostata .</p><p>Etymology. Named after the region of collection.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5759D349FF9A436BFE94FB4B11ADE3D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bouchet, P.;Sysoev, A.	Bouchet, P., Sysoev, A. (2001): Typhlosyrinx - like tropical deep-water turriform gastropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Conoidea). Journal of Natural History 35 (11): 1693-1715, DOI: 10.1080/002229301317092405, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229301317092405
5759D349FF9C4369FE63FD271130E330.text	5759D349FF9C4369FE63FD271130E330.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leiosyrinx immedicata Bouchet & Sysoev 2001	<div><p>Leiosyrinx immedicata n. sp.</p><p>(figures 3, 30–34)</p><p>Type material. Holotype and three paratypes in MNHN.</p><p>Type locality. South of New Caledonia, Norfolk Ridge, 22°17'S, 167°13'E, 400 m [‘ Vauban ’ 1978–79, sta. 4].</p><p>Material examined. North of New Caledonia. Musorstom 4: Sta. CC175, 18°59'S, 163°17'E, 355 m, one dd. Sta. D W181, 18°57'S, 163°22'E, 350 m, one dd (paratype, figure 31). SMIB 6: Sta. D W126, 18°59'S, 163°23'E, 320–330 m, two lv, one dd. Bathus 4: Sta. D W902, 19°01'S, 163°15'E, 341–351 m, one lv (paratype, figure 34), 19 dd. Sta. CP906, 19°01'S, 163°15'E, 339–350 m, one lv, four dd (one paratype, figure 33). Sta. CP907, 19°01'S, 163°13'E, 370–394 m, three dd. Sta. CP909, 18°58'S, 163°10'E, 516–558 m, one dd. Sta. D W926, 18°57'S, 163°25'E, 325–330 m, one dd. Norfolk Ridge. ‘ Vauban ’ 1978–79: Sta. 3, 22°17'S, 167°12'E, 390 m, one dd. Sta. 4, 22°17'S, 167°13'E, 400 m, one lv, one dd (holotype, figure 30). Biocal: Sta. D W44, 22°47'S, 167°14'E, 440–450 m, one dd. Musorstom 4: Sta. D W226, 22°47'S, 167°22'E, 390 m, four lv, 29 dd. SMIB 2: Sta. D W23, 22°31'S, 167°37'E, 410–420 m, one lv, one dd. SMIB 3: Sta. DW29, 22°47'S, 167°12'E, 405 m, one dd. Bathus 2: Sta. D W719, 22°48'S, 167°16'E, 444–445 m, two dd. Sta. D W724, 22°48'S, 167°26'E, 344–358 m, six dd. Sta. D W730, 23°03'S, 166°58'E, 397–400 m, one lv, four dd. Loyalty Ridge. Musorstom 6: Sta. D W459, 21°01'S, 167°31'E, 425 m, five dd. Sta. CP464, 21°02'S, 167°32'E, 430 m, one dd.</p><p>Distribution. New Caledonia, living at 330–410 m, shells to 516 m. It is sympatric with Typhlosyrinx neocaledoniensis north of New Caledonia, but they probably occupy different bathymetric zones, T. neocaledoniensis being known only from empty shells in 613– 690 m.</p><p>Description. HOLOTYPE (figure 30). Shell slender, solid, glossy, spire occupying 40% of total shell height. Protoconch partly broken, remaining one whorl light tan, with traces of diagonally cancellated sculpture. Teleoconch whorls nine, weakly convex, suture shallow, impressed, with poorly de fi ned subsutural ramp, except on fi rst two to three whorls where it occupies about half of exposed whorl height and is sculptured by strong axial wrinkles. No other axial sculpture but incremental lines. Spiral cords on initial three whorls rounded and well demarcated, on rest of shell broad, low and separated by narrow grooves, evenly developed on entire surface of whorl. Base fl attened, smoothly passing to canal. Aperture oval, inner lip evenly concave, with weak continuations of spiral cords under rather thin white callus. Based on growth lines, anal sinus deepest at one-third of subsutural ramp below suture, rather deep, outer lip chipped. Canal short, broadly open. Background colour white, with wavy brownish orange axial streaks incompletely interrupted by narrow white spiral band on upper shell base, colour more intense and darker on subsu tural ramp.</p><p>Dimensions: shell height 43.8 mm, last whorl height 26.2 mm, aperture height 20.2 mm, diameter 12.8 mm.</p><p>Paratypes vary in details of colour within the same basic pattern. The largest specimen is 45.8 ✕13.2 mm. Protoconch light-brown, small, protoconch I with wavy spiral striae, diameter ca 300 m m, protoconch II diameter 550 m m, consisting of 1.7 whorls, with opisthocyrt riblets in adapical half and diagonally cancellated sculpture in abapical half (figure 32). R adular teeth small, mean length 87 m m in a 37 mm high paratype, with short pointed blade and rounded basal part (figure 3).</p><p>Remarks. Leiosyrinx immedicata super fi cially ressembles L. liphaima, and differs from it in its multispiral protoconch with diagonally cancellated sculpture and much more pronounced colour pattern. From L. matsukumai and L. apheles it differs in its colourful shell and distinct spiral incisions.</p><p>Etymology. Latin immedicatus (adj.), painted; this epithet emphasizes that this is the most colourful species of the genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5759D349FF9C4369FE63FD271130E330	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bouchet, P.;Sysoev, A.	Bouchet, P., Sysoev, A. (2001): Typhlosyrinx - like tropical deep-water turriform gastropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Conoidea). Journal of Natural History 35 (11): 1693-1715, DOI: 10.1080/002229301317092405, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229301317092405
5759D349FF9E4377FE53FD671218E032.text	5759D349FF9E4377FE53FD671218E032.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leiosyrinx liphaima Bouchet & Sysoev 2001	<div><p>Leiosyrinx liphaima n. sp.</p><p>(figures 35–39)</p><p>Type material. Holotype and paratype MNHN.</p><p>Type locality. Coral Sea, Chesterfield Plateau, 19°27'S, 158°40'E, 290 m [ Musorstom 5, sta. 353].</p><p>Material examined. Coral Sea. Musorstom 5: Sta. 335, 20°03'S, 158°45'E, 315 m, one dd (paratype, figures 37–39). Sta. 353, 19°27'S, 158°40'E, 290 m, one dd (holotype, figures 35, 36).</p><p>Distribution. Coral Sea, Chesterfield Plateau, shells in 290– 315 m.</p><p>Description. Holotype (figures 35, 36). Shell slender, solid, spire occupying 37% of total shell height. Protoconch paucispiral, of about 1.5 whorls [protoconch/ teleoconch transition indistinct], diameter ca 650–700 m m, surface eroded. Teleoconch whorls eight, weakly convex, suture shallow, impressed, subsutural ramp fl attened, slightly concave on last whorl. No axial sculpture except strong wrinkles in subsutural ramp of fi rst teleoconch whorls and incremental lines. Spiral cords low, broad, separated by narrow grooves, strong and even on subsutural ramp, weakly de fi ned and uneven on periphery. Shell base not differentiated from canal. Aperture oval, inner lip evenly concave, with distinct continuations of spiral cords under very thin callus. Anal sinus deepest at about mid-point of subsutural ramp, outer lip strongly projecting below sinus. Canal short, broadly open. Colour white, with very pale orange band on base and brownish orange markings on subsutural ramp.</p><p>Dimensions: shell height 30.4 mm, last whorl height 18.8 mm, aperture height 15.1 mm, diameter 9.6 mm.</p><p>The paratype (dimensions 21.7 ✕6.5 mm; figures 38, 39) is very similar to the holotype, except for slightly broader cords on last whorl. The paucispiral protoconch, diameter 700 m m, consists of 1.4 whorls sculptured by wavy, closely packed spiral cords (figure 37).</p><p>Remarks. Leiosyrinx liphaima is very similar to L. immedicata, and differs from it in its paucispiral protoconch and much paler colour pattern. Leiosyrinx liphaima and L. immedicata are a classic case of a species pair differing in the mode of development, a phenomenon which has been shown to occur repeatedly in the turrids (Bouchet, 1990). The protoconch of L. immedicata indicates planktotrophic larval development, although of probably rather short duration in view of the less than two protoconch II whorls, whereas the protoconch of L. liphaima indicates nonplanktotrophic larval development, although a short planktonic demersal stage may be present. It is probable that L. immedicata or its immediate ancestor dispersed to the Chesterfield Plateau through planktotrophic veligers and subsequently speciated through loss of planktotrophy.</p><p>Etymology. The epithet is latinized from the Greek liphaimos (adj.), meaning lacking blood, pale, in reference to the colour difference from the related L. immedicata .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5759D349FF9E4377FE53FD671218E032	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bouchet, P.;Sysoev, A.	Bouchet, P., Sysoev, A. (2001): Typhlosyrinx - like tropical deep-water turriform gastropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Conoidea). Journal of Natural History 35 (11): 1693-1715, DOI: 10.1080/002229301317092405, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229301317092405
5759D349FF804375FE6FFE6612D0E359.text	5759D349FF804375FE6FFE6612D0E359.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leiosyrinx matsukumai Bouchet & Sysoev 2001	<div><p>Leiosyrinx matsukumai n. sp.</p><p>(figures 4, 42–48)</p><p>Typhlosyrinx supracostata . Matsukuma et al., 1991: pl. 72, figure 7.</p><p>Type material. Holotype and six paratypes in MNHN.</p><p>Type locality. The Philippines, north of Lubang I., 13°55'N, 120°29'E, 326–330 m [ Musorstom 2, sta. CP 15].</p><p>Material examined. Taiwan. Tainan, depth unknown, one dd (NSMT Mo-70638 ex Kawamura collection; Matsukuma et al., 1991: pl. 72, figure 7; this paper, figure 48) . Philippines. Musorstom 1: Sta. 42, 13°54.5'N, 120°29'E, 379–407 m, one lv (paratype, figures 46-47), one dd. Sta. 43, 13°51.5'N, 120°28.5'E, 448–484 m, one dd (paratype, figures 44, 45). Musorstom 2: Sta. CP15, 13°55'N, 120°29'E, 326– 330 m, fou r lv (holotype, figure 42 and one paratype, figure 43). Sta. CP40, 13°08'N, 122°40'E, 280–440 m, one dd. Musorstom 3: Sta. CP106, 13°47'N, 120°30'E, 640–668 m, one dd .</p><p>Distribution. Taiwan and the Philippines, living at 330–379 m, shells to 640 m.</p><p>Description. Holotype (figure 42). Shell rather thin but solid, polished, with high spire occupying 37% of total shell height. Protoconch partly corroded, remaining one whorl light brown, with diagonally cancellated sculpture. Teleoconch whorls eight. F irst two teleoconch whorls sculptured with crenulated subsutural fl ange, resulting in a slightly channelled suture, and three strong spiral cords below subsutural ramp. Remaining whorls with shallow, impressed suture, whorl pro fi le weakly convex, fl attened in adapical half, subsutural ramp very poorly de fi ned, periphery slightly below mid-height, without axial sculpture. Spiral sculpture obsolete on most spire whorls, on last whorl consisting of low cords, very weak and broad on periphery, stronger and more closely set towards canal. Shell base not differentiated from canal. Aperture broad, inner lip evenly curved, covered by thin white callus, with six strongly opisthocline cords on columellar part. Anal sinus deepest at twothirds of the width of the subsutural ramp, moderately deep, rather narrow, outer lip evenly projecting below sinus. Canal short, broad, widely open. Colour light brownish orange, with indistinct lighter band encircling base.</p><p>Dimensions: shell height 37.2 mm, last whorl height 21.7 mm, aperture height 17.0 mm, diameter 12.0 mm.</p><p>The largest paratype (50.3 ✕16.6 mm, figures 44, 45) has a rather well-de fi ned, narrow, concave subsutural ramp on last whorl, and the suture is somewhat adpressed. The colour pattern is usually indistinct, but fresh specimens have pale banding on the last whorl, one wide light brownish orange band occupying adapical part of whorl and another, of variable width, encircling shell base. Protoconch multispiral, light brown, protoconch I fi nely granulose, diameter ca 250 m m, protoconch II diameter 600 m m, consisting of 1.3–1.8 rather fl at whorls with diagonally cancellated riblets. Radular teeth small, 91 m m in a 35.3 mm high paratype, simple, similar to those of Leiosyrinx immedicata (figure 4).</p><p>Remarks. Leiosyrinx matsukumai was illustrated by Matsukuma et al. (1991) under the name Typhlosyrinx supracostata, but it clearly differs from the latter in the complete absence of axial ribs. It co-occurs with it in the Philippines, but the two species occupy different bathymetric ranges, four of five samples of L. matsukumai are in 330–448 m (lv and dd), and L. supracostata is recorded there from one large sample in 856– 884 m. The lack of axial sculpture recalls L. immedicata, from which L. matsukumai differs in the early teleoconch sculpture with crenulated subsutural fl ange, the overall much weaker spiral sculpture, and lighter colour without axial streaks. For differences from L. apheles, see that species.</p><p>Etymology. Named after Dr Akihiko Matsukuma, formerly curator at NSMT, now at University of F ukuoka.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5759D349FF804375FE6FFE6612D0E359	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bouchet, P.;Sysoev, A.	Bouchet, P., Sysoev, A. (2001): Typhlosyrinx - like tropical deep-water turriform gastropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Conoidea). Journal of Natural History 35 (11): 1693-1715, DOI: 10.1080/002229301317092405, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229301317092405
5759D349FF824375FE54FDA7115BE72C.text	5759D349FF824375FE54FDA7115BE72C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leiosyrinx apheles Bouchet & Sysoev 2001	<div><p>Leiosyrinx apheles n. sp.</p><p>(figures 40, 41)</p><p>Type material. Holotype MNHN.</p><p>Type locality. Indonesia, Strait of Makassar, 00°31'N, 117°50'E, 595 m [ C orindon, sta. CH 214].</p><p>Material examined. Philippines. Musorstom 2: Sta. CP55, SW of Luzon I., 13°54.1'N, 119°58'E, 865 m, one dd (figure 41) . Indonesia. Corindon: Sta. CH 214, Makassar Strait, 00°31'N, 117°50'E, 595 m, one dd (holotype, figure 40) .</p><p>Distribution. Philippines and Indonesia, shells in 595– 865 m.</p><p>Description. Holotype (figure 40). Shell slender, rather thin and fragile, slightly translucent, polished, spire occupying 38% of total shell height. Apex dissolved, protoconch missing, fi rst teleoconch whorls and parts of later whorls corroded. Teleoconch whorls ca 9.5, suture shallow, impressed, whorls weakly convex, periphery in lower third. No axial sculpture except incremental lines. Spiral sculpture consisting only of about 15 cords on canal, cords separated by narrow interspaces, more closely set towards end of canal. Aperture narrow, inner lip very weakly curved, columellar part long, almost straight. Anal sinus deepest just below suture, very broad but shallow, outer lip strongly projecting below sinus. Canal rather short, narrow, poorly differentiated from shell base. Colour light brownish orange.</p><p>Dimensions: shell height 25.8 mm, last whorl height 16.0 mm, aperture height 13.1 mm, diameter 8.4 mm.</p><p>The specimen from the Philippines (figure 41) is 30.3 ✕9.0 mm at 9.8+ whorls (apex dissolved). It differs from the holotype in having a relatively higher spire (42% of total shell height), and in its shining greyish white colour.</p><p>Remarks. Leiosyrinx apheles is super fi cially similar to L. matsukumai; the two species co-occur in the Philippines, but L. apheles lives in deeper water. L. apheles differs from L. matsukuma i by its much more fragile and slender shell, lower position of whorl periphery, shallower and broader sinus, and weaker sculpture con fi ned to a few cords on canal only. The protoconch and fi rst teleoconch whorls are dissolved in both specimens of L. apheles available.</p><p>Etymology. From the Greek apheles (adj.), meaning smooth, simple, with reference to the strongly reduced sculpture.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5759D349FF824375FE54FDA7115BE72C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bouchet, P.;Sysoev, A.	Bouchet, P., Sysoev, A. (2001): Typhlosyrinx - like tropical deep-water turriform gastropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Conoidea). Journal of Natural History 35 (11): 1693-1715, DOI: 10.1080/002229301317092405, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229301317092405
