identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7EDF281CE53F53A89C9E7B1BB926B1A8.text	7EDF281CE53F53A89C9E7B1BB926B1A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diaurora aurorea (Heude 1883)	<div><p>Diaurora aurorea (Heude, 1883)</p><p>Figs 3A, 4A, 5A</p><p>Museum material.</p><p>Holotype: USNM472411, Ning-kouo hien [宁国县], Kien-té hien [建德县], China. NZMC FM00732, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.5625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.251944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.5625/lat 28.251944)">Yuanjiang River</a> [沅江], Hunan Province [湖南省], China. SMF24000 a-b, Yütanchiao [玉潭桥], Hunan [湖南], China, 28°15′7″N, 112°33′45″E.</p><p>New material.</p><p>22_NCU_XPWU_DA01-02, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.162224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.210835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.162224/lat 27.210835)">Fuhe River</a> [抚河], Fuzhou City [抚州市], Jiangxi Province [江西省], China, 27°53′57″N, 116°34′03″E, collected by Zhong-Guang Chen, Yu-Ting Dai, Chen-Chen Jia &amp; Ying-Ying Zhang in September 2022. 22_NCU_XPWU_DA03-15, Ganjiang River [赣江], Jian City [吉安市], Jiangxi Province [江西省], China, 27°12′39″N, 115°09′44″E, collected by Zhong-Guang Chen &amp; Zheng-Jie Lou in November 2022. YHC0028001, Jiulong River [九龙江], Fujian Province [福建省], China, collected by Hao Yang in 2003 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Shell triangular-ovate; posterior margin obliquely arc-shaped. Periostracum with straight broken blackish-green rays. Zigzag sculpture presented on all over the shell surface.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Shell (Figs 3A, 4A). Shell small size, symmetric, solid, moderately thick, sub-glossy, triangular-ovate. Anterior margin oval, inflated; dorsal margin curved downwards; ventral margin slightly rounded or nearly straight; posterior margin obliquely arc-shaped. Umbo inflated, above hinge line, located at 1/3 of the dorsal margin, and often eroded. Periostracum orangish to brownish, with straight broken blackish-green rays and thin growth lines. Growth lines arranged in irregular concentric circles. Zigzag sculpture presented on all over the shell surface but weakening from umbo to edge. Hinge short. Ligament short and strong. Mantle muscle scars obvious. Anterior adductor muscle scars oval, deep, smooth in junior but rough in adult; posterior adductor muscle scars long oval, smooth. Left valve with two pseudocardinal teeth, equal height, anterior tooth small and flat, posterior tooth thick and pyramidal; anterior pseudocardinal tooth of the right valve well developed, posterior pseudocardinal tooth reduced, connected to lateral teeth. Lateral teeth of both valves long and thick. Nacre white or light orangish.</p><p>Length 32.0-41.3 mm, height 20.5-26.0 mm, width 12.4-17.2 mm.</p><p>Soft anatomy (Fig. 5A). Mantle off-white to light-brownish, aperture margins brown, flap margin with blackish to brown papillae. Gills light-brownish, inner gills slightly longer and wider than outer gills. Labial palps yellowish to brown (fade to grayish white in alcohol), distally pointed and irregularly fan-shaped in appearance. Visceral mass creamy white, foot orange (fade to grayish white in alcohol).</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>金黄蚌 (Pinyin: jin huang bang).</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>Scattered in the middle and lower Changjiang River basin and the upper Jiulongjiang River, including Anhui Province, Jiangxi Province, Hunan Province and Fujian Province (Fig. 6). It mainly co-occurs with Aculamprotula polysticta (Heude, 1877), Acuticosta chinensis (Lea, 1868), Cuneopsis heudei (Heude, 1874), Nodularia douglasiae (Gray, 1833), Lamprotula caveata (Heude, 1877), Lanceolaria triformis (Heude, 1877) and Ptychorhynchus pfisteri (Heude, 1874) in the sandy substrates of tributaries of large rivers (Fig. 7). Besides, D. aurorea was reported in Vietnam by Dang et al. (1980), but the specimens were not available for examination (Do et al. 2018). This record is highly dubious due to its considerable distance from the known distribution range of D. aurorea as documented in this study. It is possible that this record was a misidentification of Acuticosta species.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The rarity of D. aurorea has been seriously underestimated for a long time due to the common misidentification of museum material. Upon examination of museum specimens, it has been discovered that specimen NZMC10542 in the National Zoological Museum of China and specimens 15_NCU_XPWU_AA01-11 in Nanchang University were actually Acuticosta chinensis . Since its original description, only a handful of additional specimens of D. aurorea have been correctly identified. It has always been shrouded in mystery as there are hardly any photographs of specimens other than the type specimen. The new specimens examined in this study indicate that it is far more widespread than previously recorded. However, the habitats of D. aurorea are severely fragmented and the population size is very small. Therefore, it requires more attention and protection in the future.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7EDF281CE53F53A89C9E7B1BB926B1A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Zhong-Guang;Dai, Yu-Ting;Ouyang, Shan;Huang, Xiao-Chen;Wu, Xiao-Ping	Chen, Zhong-Guang, Dai, Yu-Ting, Ouyang, Shan, Huang, Xiao-Chen, Wu, Xiao-Ping (2023): Unveiling the identity of Diaurora Cockerell, 1903 (Bivalvia, Unionidae): morphology, molecular phylogenetics, and the description of a new species. ZooKeys 1173: 131-144, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1173.106148, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1173.106148
B36C7A0DF2735C818CCC0ECD2244C93C.text	B36C7A0DF2735C818CCC0ECD2244C93C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diaurora Cockerell 1903	<div><p>Genus Diaurora Cockerell, 1903</p><p>Figs 3A, B, 4, 5</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Unio auroreus Heude, 1883, by original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Shell small size, symmetric, flat, sub-glossy, triangular-ovate to reniform, orangish to brownish, with broken blackish-green rays. Zigzag sculpture present. Posterior ridge absent.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Aurora Simpson, 1900 was originally described as a subgenus of Parreysia based on shell morphology. Simpson (1900) indicated uncertainty regarding the taxonomic placement of Unio auroreus and whether it merited a generic rank. As a result, he provisionally designated it as a new subgenus. Cockerell (1903) renamed Aurora as Diaurora due to the former being a junior homonym of Aurora Ragonot, 1887 ( Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Aurora Sollas, 1888 ( Porifera: Demospongiae: Ancorinidae). Haas (1924) elevated Diaurora to an independent genus, but this viewpoint was not widely accepted. Wu et al. (1999) recombined Parreysia aurorea as Acuticosta aurorea based on shell morphology and marsupium type. While Diaurora shares some similarities in shell morphology with Acuticosta, it can be differentiated from Acuticosta by its distinct shell shape and the absence of a posterior ridge (Fig. 3).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B36C7A0DF2735C818CCC0ECD2244C93C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Zhong-Guang;Dai, Yu-Ting;Ouyang, Shan;Huang, Xiao-Chen;Wu, Xiao-Ping	Chen, Zhong-Guang, Dai, Yu-Ting, Ouyang, Shan, Huang, Xiao-Chen, Wu, Xiao-Ping (2023): Unveiling the identity of Diaurora Cockerell, 1903 (Bivalvia, Unionidae): morphology, molecular phylogenetics, and the description of a new species. ZooKeys 1173: 131-144, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1173.106148, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1173.106148
2FAD20443B5E503AB3549B0EC766F841.text	2FAD20443B5E503AB3549B0EC766F841.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diaurora laeve Chen, Dai, Huang & Wu 2023	<div><p>Diaurora laeve Chen, Dai, Huang &amp; Wu sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 3B, 4B, 5B</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: 22_NCU_XPWU_DL01, Zishui River [资水], Shaoyang County [邵阳县], Shaoyang City [邵阳市], Hunan Province [湖南省], China, 26°59′27″N, 111°16′10″E, collected by Zhong-Guang Chen &amp; Zheng-Jie Lou in November 2022; Paratypes: 22_NCU_XPWU_DL02-100, other information same as holotype.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Shell reniform. Periostracum with irregular broken blackish-green rays. Zigzag sculpture only presented in umbo area.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Shell (Figs 3B, 4B). Shell small size, symmetric, solid, moderately thick, sub-glossy, reniform. Anterior margin oval, inflated; dorsal margin curved downwards and truncate; ventral margin slightly rounded or nearly straight; posterior margin oval. Umbo inflated, above hinge line, located at 1/3 of the dorsal margin, and often eroded. Periostracum orangish to brownish, with irregular broken blackish-green rays and thin growth lines. Growth lines arranged in irregular concentric circles. Zigzag sculpture only presented in umbo area. Hinge short. Ligament short and strong. Mantle muscle scars obvious. Anterior adductor muscle scars oval, deep, smooth in junior but rough in adult; posterior adductor muscle scars long oval, smooth. Left valve with two pseudocardinal teeth, equal height, anterior tooth small and flat, posterior tooth thick and pyramidal; anterior pseudocardinal tooth of the right valve well developed, posterior pseudocardinal tooth reduced, connected to lateral teeth. Lateral teeth of both valves long and thick. Nacre light orangish.</p><p>Holotype: length 41.8 mm, height 29.1 mm, width 17.0 mm; Paratypes: length 27.4-45.0 mm, height 17.6-30.8 mm, width 11.0-17.6 mm.</p><p>Soft anatomy (Fig. 5B). Mantle off-white to light-brownish, aperture margins brown, flap margin with yellowish papillae. Gills light-brownish, inner gills slightly longer and wider than outer gills. Labial palps yellowish to brown, distally pointed and irregularly fan-shaped in appearance. Visceral mass creamy white, foot orange.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name laeve is made from the Latin laeve for smooth, an adjective, alluding to the smoother shell surface of this species.</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>平滑金黄蚌 (Pinyin: ping hua jin huang bang).</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>Diaurora laeve sp. nov. is known from the type locality only (Fig. 6). It was found to occur in a pebbly substrate of the river together with Nodularia douglasiae and Lanceolaria triformis (Fig. 7). It is the dominant species in the habitat, accounting for 98% of the total density of freshwater mussels.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The placement of the new species in Diaurora is supported by both morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Diaurora laeve sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from D. aurorea by its reniform shell, smaller zigzag sculptured area, and irregular rays on the shell. The different habitat preferences of Diaurora laeve sp. nov. and D. aurorea may have led to their differentiation. Diaurora aurorea is commonly found in the middle reaches of sandy substrate tributaries, while Diaurora laeve sp. nov. prefers to inhabit the upper reaches of pebbly substrate tributaries. In recent years, with more in-depth investigations and field surveys, new freshwater mussel species such as Inversidens rentianensis Wu &amp; Wu, 2021 and Pseudocuneopsis sichuanensis Huang, Dai, Chen &amp; Wu, 2022 have been discovered in small tributaries of China (Wu et al. 2021; Wu et al. 2022). These findings suggest that the diversity of freshwater mussels in small tributaries of China remains to be fully explored, and future extensive exploration may lead to the discovery of other yet-to-be-described species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2FAD20443B5E503AB3549B0EC766F841	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Zhong-Guang;Dai, Yu-Ting;Ouyang, Shan;Huang, Xiao-Chen;Wu, Xiao-Ping	Chen, Zhong-Guang, Dai, Yu-Ting, Ouyang, Shan, Huang, Xiao-Chen, Wu, Xiao-Ping (2023): Unveiling the identity of Diaurora Cockerell, 1903 (Bivalvia, Unionidae): morphology, molecular phylogenetics, and the description of a new species. ZooKeys 1173: 131-144, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1173.106148, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1173.106148
