identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4A09CDEB7E2F3ECABBC9F9F8D42E6CAB.text	4A09CDEB7E2F3ECABBC9F9F8D42E6CAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afromantispa Snyman & Ohl	<div><p>Genus Afromantispa Snyman &amp; Ohl gen. n.</p><p>Afromantispa Snyman and Ohl gen. n. Type species: Afromantispa tenella (Erichson, 1839: 169) comb. n., designated here.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Both Handschin (1959, 1960a) and Poivre (1980, 1982b) considered the Afrotropical Mantispidae to be part of Mantispa without comparing the Afrotropical species to the type species of Mantispa ( Mantis pagana Fabricius, 1775 (= Mantispa styriaca Poda, 1761)). The new genus Afromantispa can easily be identified and clearly differs morphologically from the Palaearctic Mantispa although the two genera are possibly closely related. (see discussion below). Species complexes within this genus must be investigated, with at least one species with a distribution from South Africa to the Arabian Peninsula lacking morphological variation. Sexual dimorphism has not been formally investigated, but it appears to be absent in the genus.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Widespread throughout Africa. A few species have been collected in the Palaearctic Region sharing borders with Africa such as Spain and the Arabian Peninsula.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Prothorax granulated; granules dark (Fig. 3e). Antennae with distinct yellowish white band in the apical third (Fig. 4a). Even species with pale antennae have a few darker flagellomeres two-thirds apically from the base of the antennae and on the apex to form a yellowish-white band. The crossvein between Cua and Cup+Aa in hind wing attenuated or absent (Fig. 2b). These characteristics combined are unique to this genus and can be used to distinguish Afromantispa species from all other genera.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Head: Antennae moniliform; colour variable but all with conspicuous yellowish-white band in apical third; scape and pedicel yellow. Posterior vertex concave except for slight convex elevation directly posterior to and between antennal bases; median tubercle projection at posterior margin of vertex, vertex not visible in lateral view. Compound eyes large, each eye slightly broader medially at epistomal suture. Labrum circular. Mandible with dark apices; inner margins dark.</p><p>Thorax: Pronotum narrow and elongated; prothorax longer than pterothorax; granulated; granules dark; pronotum transversely slightly wrinkled or rugulose; setae present . Maculae slightly raised and inconspicuous; not pigmented in lighter coloured species, pigmented and shiny in darker species. Prozona slightly broader than base. Meso- and metathorax of similar size and distinctly separated by a deep cleft.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 2b): Wings always hyaline, lacking pigment except for the pterostigma. Pterostigma slightly concave in dorsal view; semi-circular and truncate appearance; pterostigma of most species with reddish appearance. Radial cell 1 and 2 of similar size with radial cell 3 smaller and narrower; a single crossvein from third radial cell to anterior margin (C). Hind wings: Crossvein between Cua and Cup+Aa attenuated or absent; Cua with sharp angle to and from attenuated crossvein to form inverted triangle.</p><p>Legs: Median line on the anterior surface of the forecoxae never continuous from thorax to femur (Fig. 4a). Mid- and hind legs differ considerably between species. Fore tarsal claw reduced to a single claw lacking arolium; Mid- and hind pretarsal claws pectinate (5 -6 teeth) with the middle tooth elongated giving the claw a sharp triangular appearance; arolium present on mid and hind tarsi.</p><p>Abdomen/Genitalia: Males with ectoprocts slightly enlarged (Fig. 4j). Pseudopenis visible in lateral and dorsal view. EEG present. No morphological significance regarding the female genitalia.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The new genus name is a combination of Afro- and Mantispa, which emphasises the African distribution of this Mantispa-like taxon.</p><p>Included species.</p><p>Besides the type species, 18 confirmed and 7 unconfirmed species names will be added in the future. These numbers are, however, certain to change. Synonyms need to be identified and new species described. A subsequent full revision of Afromantispa is currently in progress. The genus for the time being will therefore be based on the type species only.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A09CDEB7E2F3ECABBC9F9F8D42E6CAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Snyman, Louwtjie P.;Ohl, Michael;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Scholtz, Clarke H.	Snyman, Louwtjie P., Ohl, Michael, Mansell, Mervyn W., Scholtz, Clarke H. (2012): A revision and key to the genera of Afrotropical Mantispidae (Neuropterida, Neuroptera), with the description of a new genus. ZooKeys 184: 67-93, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.184.2489, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.184.2489
F4E8AE3034F1B7495B6425B298B88A38.text	F4E8AE3034F1B7495B6425B298B88A38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mantispa Illiger	<div><p>Genus Mantispa Illiger</p><p>Mantispa Illiger in Kugelann 1798: 499. Type species: Mantis pagana Fabricius, 1775: 278 (= Raphidia styriaca Poda, 1761: 101), by monotypy.</p><p>Amycla Rafinesque, 1815: 118. Unjustified emendation of Mantispa Illiger in Kugelann 1798. Amycla was considered an emendation of Mantispa Illiger in Kugelann 1798, by Neave 1939, 1: 167.</p><p>Mantispilla Enderlein, 1910: 346 (as subgenus of Mantispa Illiger in Kugelann 1798). Type species: Mantispa indica Westwood, 1852: 268, by original designation. Synonymised with Mantispa by Penny 1982: 217.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The genus was described by Illiger (1798) in a single sentence more than two centuries ago with the European species Mantis pagana Fabricius, 1775 (= Mantispa styriaca (Poda, 1761)) as the type species. It became the best-known Mantispidae genus probably due to the age of the genus, and several species described worldwide were incorrectly assigned to the genus. It therefore became the most speciose genus in the famil y Mantispidae (Ohl 2004; Machado and Rafael 2010). More recently, Hoffman (2002) proposed that revisions should focus on elucidating the true taxonomy of Mantispa . Newly described genera in the New World replaced the universal Mantispa name that is now restricted to the Old world (Hoffman 2002; Machado and Rafael 2010). Mantispa might be confined to the Old World but is probably only represented by a few Palaearctic and Oriental species and not by species from the Afrotropics.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Palaearctic genus with some species records from the Afrotropical Region. These countries include Morocco and countries bordering the Arabian Peninsula.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Ectoprocts sligtly swollen/enlarged. Pterostigma elongated and dark red. Prothorax with setae and slightly transversely rugulose (Fig. 3g). Fore coxae lack continuous median line on anterior surface (Fig. 4b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F4E8AE3034F1B7495B6425B298B88A38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Snyman, Louwtjie P.;Ohl, Michael;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Scholtz, Clarke H.	Snyman, Louwtjie P., Ohl, Michael, Mansell, Mervyn W., Scholtz, Clarke H. (2012): A revision and key to the genera of Afrotropical Mantispidae (Neuropterida, Neuroptera), with the description of a new genus. ZooKeys 184: 67-93, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.184.2489, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.184.2489
869F50FDDBF1F5D356BE50B37F0EF5F3.text	869F50FDDBF1F5D356BE50B37F0EF5F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sagittalata Handschin	<div><p>Genus Sagittalata Handschin</p><p>Sagittalata Handschin, 1959: 215. Type species: Mantispilla hilaris Navás, 1925: 573 (as " Sagittalata hilaris ( Navás 1924) [sic]"), by original designation</p><p>Perlamantispa Handschin, 1960a: 191. Type species: Mantis perla Pallas, 1772: 14 (as " Mantispa perla "), by original designation. syn. n.</p><p>New combinations</p><p>austroafrica (Poivre)</p><p>Perlamantispa austroafrica Poivre, 1984b: 642. syn. n.</p><p>bequaerti ( Navás)</p><p>Mantispilla bequaerti Navás, 1932: 279. Synonymized with Perlamantispa bequaerti ( Navás) by Handschin, 1960a: 197.</p><p>Mantispilla bequaerti var. decolor Navás, 1932: 280. Synonymized with Perlamantispa bequaerti ( Navás) by Handschin, 1960a: 197.</p><p>Mantispilla kibumbana Navás, 1936c: 355.. Synonymized with Perlamantispa bequaerti ( Navás) by Handschin, 1960a: 197.</p><p>Perlamantispa bequaerti ( Navás). As a new combination by Handschin 1960a: 197.syn. n.</p><p>dorsalis (Erichson)</p><p>Mantispa dorsalis Erichson, 1839: 168.</p><p>Mantispilla hemichroa Navás, 1931: 129.</p><p>Mantispilla hypophoea Navás, 1932: 279.</p><p>Perlamantispa dorsalis (Erichson). As a new combination by Handschin 1960a: 196.syn. n.</p><p>girardi Poivre</p><p>Perlamantispa girardi Poivre, 1982a: 194.syn. n.</p><p>nubila (Stitz)</p><p>Mantispilla nubila Stitz, 1913: 15.</p><p>Mantispa nubila (Stitz, 1913) syn. n.</p><p>perla (Pallas)</p><p>Mantis perla Pallas, 1772: 14.</p><p>Mantispa christiana Charpentier, 1825: 93. Synonymized with Mantispa perla by Erichson 1839: 167.</p><p>Mantispa flaveola Erichson, 1839: 168.</p><p>Mantispa victorii Guérin-Méneville, 1844: 391. Synonymized with Mantispa perla by Hagen 1858: 128.</p><p>Mantispa perla var. brunnea Navás, 1906: 102.</p><p>Perlamantispa perla (Pallas, 1772). As a new combination by Handschin 1960a: 191.syn. n.</p><p>pusilla (Pallas)</p><p>Mantis pusilla Pallas, 1772: 15</p><p>Mantis brevicornis De Geer, 1778: 620, pl. 46, fig. 9-10. Synonymized with Mantispa pusilla by Burmeister 1839: 967.</p><p>Perlamantispa pusilla (Pallas, 1772) As a new combination by Handschin 1960a: 191.syn. n.</p><p>similata ( Navás)</p><p>Mantispilla similata Navás, 1922: 396.</p><p>Perlamantispa similata ( Navás, 1922). Listed as valid combination in Ohl (2004) and LDL. syn. n.</p><p>royi Poivre</p><p>Perlamantispa royi Poivre, 1982a: 191. syn. n.</p><p>tincta ( Navás)</p><p>Mantispilla tincta Navás, 1929: 107</p><p>Perlamantispa tincta ( Navás, 1929). As a new combination by Handschin 1960a: 200.syn. n.</p><p>vassei ( Navás)</p><p>Mantispa vassei Navás, 1909: 474.</p><p>Mantispa (Mantispilla) lineatifrons Enderlein, 1910: 346. Synonymized with Perlamantispa vassei by Handschin, 1960a: 193.</p><p>Mantispilla sankitana Navás, 1922: 395. Synonymized with Perlamantispa vassei by Handschin, 1960a: 193.</p><p>Mantispilla burgeoni Navás, 1923: 77., Probable synonym of Perlamantispa vassei according to Handschin, 1960a: 193.</p><p>Perlamantispa vassei ( Navás, 1909) As a new combination by Handschin, 1960a: 193. syn. n.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Handschin seemed to confuse the female Cercomantispa specimens and the genus he described as Sagittalata . In his revision (1960a) he mentioned that types of Sagittalata tristis and Sagittalata tristella are both female and that he is certain they are Sagittalata sp ecies . He mentions that the wing venation and prothorax corresponds with Sagittalata . However, the complete fusion between the Cua and Cup+Aa veins in the hind wing to form a rectangle (Fig. 2d) occurs in Sagittalata tristis (= Cercomantispa tristis) and Sagittalata tristella (= Cercomantispa tristella) corresponds with Cercomantispa and not with the type species Sagittalata hilaris or any of the other species ( Sagittalata lugubris Poivre 1981a, Sagittalata jucunda Poivre 1981a) that do conform to the genus Sagittalata . The pronotum them also differs between the genera: Sagittalata tristis and Sagittalata tristella have a smooth elongated pronotum with a thin metazona, again corresponding with Cercomantispa and not Sagittalata hilaris . In addition, the colour patterns of the prozona as well as the antennae also suggest these two species should be placed with Cercomantispa and not Sagittalata . Furthermore, the wing venation and genitalia suggest that Perlamantispa species conform to all the characteristics of Sagittalata hilaris . The only morphological difference is a subtle robustness of the pronotum. Some species of Perlamantispa seem to have a slightly more robust pronotum. Perlamantispa is consequently relegated as a synonym of Sagittalata . The difference between Mantispa and Sagittalata is weak as well, as explained in the systematic account above. Finding an autapomorphy proved to be difficult. The only consistent character was a continuous median longitudinal line on the anterior surface of the coxae of Sagittalata species. In addition to the coxal line, the presence of setae on the pronotum of Mantispa are lacking in the Afrotropical Sagittalata . However, two species did not conform to this character. The raptorial legs of Perlamantispa (= Sagittalata) dorsalis is completely black and therefore lacks the line. The second species, Mantispa (= Sagittalata) nubila lacks the line. Both species, however, lack setae on their pronotum. The rest of the Sagittalata species studied conforms to the characteristics. Distribution therefore plays an extremely important role in the delimitation of the genera. The type species of Perlamantispa, Perlamantispa perla however, is well known in Europe and Mantispa styriaca occurs in Morocco. C.-k. Yang (Yang and Peng 1998; Yang 1999) described three Sagittalata species from China. The descriptions are unfortunately in Chinese that could not be translated and the specimens were not studied. These species probably belong to Mantispa instead of Sagittalata . Except for these species the distribution patterns of the genera are quite clear with Sagittalata an Afrotropical genus and Mantispa a Palaearctic genus. Unfortunately it might be a genus that one will identify by eliminating other genera. Ongoing studies are in progress to find the relationship between Sagittalata and Mantispa .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Widespread in the Afrotropical Region. Also occur in the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>An Afrotropical genus with four species currently known from the Palaearctic Region. Ectoprocts of males sligtly swollen (Fig. 4g), pseudopenis visible in dorsal view. Pterostigma elongated and dark red or black. Prothorax transversly rugulose; lacks setae (Fig. 3b). Fore coxae with continuous median line on anterior surface (Fig. 4b).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Head: Antennae moniliform. Flagellum dark, may end in two or three yellow flagellomeres. Anterior scape and pedicel either yellow or black; vertex flat, not visible in lateral view; frons and mouthparts vary in colour; eye margin yellow in dark species and black/dark brown in light species.</p><p>Thorax: Maculae inconspicuous, never pigmented in a different colour from the surrounding pronotum; pronotum lacks setae, transversely rugulose; prothorax longer than pterothorax.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 2c): Wings usually hyaline, may be partly or completely pigmented, pterostigma elongated and robust, always reddish or black; crossvein between radial cells 1 and 2 perpendicular to R; a single crossvein from third radial cell to anterior margin (C); Hind wings: Crossvein between Cua and Cup+Aa attenuated, rarely absent; Cua with sharp angle to and from attenuated crossvein to form inverted triangle shape.</p><p>Legs: Raptorial legs differ in colour, coxal sulcus conspicuous, surrounding patterns never visible on sulcus; continuous line on anterior surface of fore coxae; fore tarsal claw reduced to a single claw lacking an arolium. Mid- and hind pretarsal claws pectinate (5-6 teeth); median tooth longer than surrounding teeth; pointed appearance; arolium present on mid and hind tarsi.</p><p>Abdomen/Genitalia: EEG present. Ectoprocts of male slightly swollen; slightly smaller than ectoprocts of members of Afromantispa and Mantispa; pseudopenis visible in dorsal view.</p><p>Discussion.</p><p>Afromantispa, Mantispa and Sagittalata seem to form a group with several similar aspects regarding their morphology. All three genera seem to have similar genitalic structures. In addition to the genitalia, the general wing venation is extremely similar with only the pterostigma of Afromantispa slightly different with a reddish, roundish and truncate appearance. In the hind wing, the inverted “V” shape made by the Cua when descending towards the attenuated or absent crossvein extending to Cup+Aa and again ascending after the crossvein is prominent and easily identified in this group (Figs 2b, c). The median coxal line is not a strong autapomorphy since some of the Mantispa specimens studied had a discontinuous line on the anterior coxa, but the geographic distribution of the genera does support separate genera. A decision to keep the genera separate has consequently been made, thereby ensuring that relevant morphological information is not lost before a conclusive result is achieved. Of significant importance is the presence of the EEG that manifests in this group only.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/869F50FDDBF1F5D356BE50B37F0EF5F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Snyman, Louwtjie P.;Ohl, Michael;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Scholtz, Clarke H.	Snyman, Louwtjie P., Ohl, Michael, Mansell, Mervyn W., Scholtz, Clarke H. (2012): A revision and key to the genera of Afrotropical Mantispidae (Neuropterida, Neuroptera), with the description of a new genus. ZooKeys 184: 67-93, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.184.2489, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.184.2489
5DBA2E0C2D5E1AD751FB94AC3BBFF6DD.text	5DBA2E0C2D5E1AD751FB94AC3BBFF6DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cercomantispa Handschin	<div><p>Genus Cercomantispa Handschin</p><p>Cercomantispa Handschin, 1959: 224. Type species: Mantispa mozambica Westwood, 1852: 269 by original designation.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Cercomantispa is probably the most complex of all the Afrotropical genera. This is not only because of the sexual dimorphism and the general small size, but because of the confusion in the literature and physical state of the type specimen. Males are easily recognised by their elongated ectoprocts, but females do not have conspicuous genitalia and differ morphologically from the males in terms of colour and patterns. Females were therefore described as different species from the males and placed in se veral other genera. In addition to the confusion between the female Cercomantispa and Sagittalata there is a lack of clarity regarding the generic boundaries of Cercomantispa, Necyla and Orientispa . Necyla and Cercomantispa could be synonyms (Tjeder 1963). The name Necyla inexplicably disappeared from the literature. It is thought to be a genus comprising Oriental species with the type species Necyla exigua Navás being represented by a female holotype. The type species of Necyla could not be studied and photographs studied show a specimen in poor condition and pinned with closed wings. In addition to Necyla and Cercomantispa, male Orientispa Poivre 1984a also have elongated ectoprocts. The literature is not sufficiently unambiguous to synonymise these genera and for the purposes of this study, the genera Necyla, Cercomantispa and Orientispa will remain separate until further investigation can either confirm or reject the synonymy.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Widespread throughout the Afrotropical Region</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The flagella of the antennae are very dark with the anterior surface of the scape and pedicel always yellow, even in the very dark species (Figs 3c, 4h). Pronotum smooth, lacks setae (Fig. 3c). The rectangular cell formed by the fusion of A2 and Cup in the hind wing is very diagnostic and no other mantispid genus has such a structure (Fig. 2d). All wing cells lacks pigment except for the pterostigma. The mid- and hind legs yellowish-brown to yellow covered in black setae. The males have elongated ectoprocts as well as an elongated pseudopenis, both longer than the 8th tergite, and bent ventrally (Fig. 4f).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Head: Antennae long, moniliform; flagellomeres black; the apical three flagellomeres might be lighter in colour; anterior scape and pedicel always yellow, even in very dark species; vertex medially convex, clearly visible in lateral view; vertex bordered by conspicuous yellow eye margin; frons with longitudinal dark median line, not visible in very dark species (e.g. C. tristis); mandibles usually yellow or lighter than coloration of frons; black tipped with black inner margin</p><p>Thorax: Pronotum smooth, lacking setae; maculae conspicuous, not always pigmented; similar in length or slightly longer than pterothorax; in most species a dark median line forms two circular dorso-lateral yellow markings on prozona; prozona much wider than metazona, metazona narrow;</p><p>Wings (Fig. 2d): Wing venation comparatively simple; always lacks pigmented cells; pterostigma elongated, narrow; dark brown; a single crossvein from third radial cell to anterior margin (C); a single radial sector vein extending posteriorly from each radial cell 1, 2 and 3 respectively; four or five crossveins reaching posterior wing margin from Mp in hind wing; a rectangle shaped cell formed by the fusion of Aa+Cup and Cua.</p><p>Legs: Raptorial forelegs yellow; fore tarsal claw reduced to a single claw lacking an arolium; inner femoral surface dark in females; often only distal half dark in males (Fig. 4i), outer femur of both sexes with a narrow, brown latero-dorsal line; middle and hind legs yellow-brown to yellow covered in setae; most species with a narrow dark longitudinal line along femur and tibia; pretarsal claws pectinate; middle tooth projecting beyond the others giving the claw a sharp appearance.</p><p>Abdomen/Genitalia: Male: Ectoprocts elongated, longer than tergite 8; slightly swollen apically; apices bent downwards; pseudopenis elongated and bent ventrally; visible between ectoprocts in ventral and dorsal view; EEG absent</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5DBA2E0C2D5E1AD751FB94AC3BBFF6DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Snyman, Louwtjie P.;Ohl, Michael;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Scholtz, Clarke H.	Snyman, Louwtjie P., Ohl, Michael, Mansell, Mervyn W., Scholtz, Clarke H. (2012): A revision and key to the genera of Afrotropical Mantispidae (Neuropterida, Neuroptera), with the description of a new genus. ZooKeys 184: 67-93, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.184.2489, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.184.2489
E1C08879D02BBD5C59C2EDCB29445FB9.text	E1C08879D02BBD5C59C2EDCB29445FB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rectinerva Handschin	<div><p>Genus Rectinerva Handschin</p><p>Rectinerva Handschin 1959: 215. Type species: Rectinerva braconidiformis Handschin 1959: 221, by original designation.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Rectinerva is a monotypic genus. Only two female specimens have been collected, one being the holotype collected in 1933 (MRAC) the other collected in 1976 (MNHN) and described by Poivre (1985). The male remains undiscovered and sexual dimorphism therefore unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Katanga (Democratic Republic of Congo) and Cameroon</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Light red-brown. The antennal flagellae long slender and black, proximal half covered in prominent thick black setae (Fig. 4c). The anepimeron, anepisternum, katepimeron as well as katepisternum much lighter than the rest of the body, almost white (Fig. 4c). Three radial sector veins extending posteriad from radial cells 1-3. The wing colouration is unique among mantispids from the region (Fig. 2f).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Head: Head capsule light reddish-brown except for black tipped mandibles, vertex and pedicels. Scape light reddish-brown and pedicel black; flagellum long slender, black, proximal half covered in prominent thick black setae. Vertex medially raised in convex shape, visible in lateral view; raised vertex from antennal bases to posterior margin; black. Inner mandible margins lack black pigment. Eyes small; black to dark grey.</p><p>Thorax: Pronotum light reddish-brown; smooth; covered in light inconspicuous setae. Maculae inconspicuous; same colour as pronotum. Pterothorax uniform light red-brown; sutures inconspicuous and smooth; lacks deep clefts. Anepimeron, anepisternum, katepimeron as well as katepisternum lighter, almost white, conspicuous against the uniform light red-brown of the pteronota.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 2f): Both wings pigmented in banded formation with colours ranging from dark-brown to light red-brown. Pterostigma black and slightly concave in dorsal view. A single vein from radial cell 3 to the anterior wing margin (C). Radial cells broad, Radial cell 1 being the largest, radial cell 2 somewhat smaller and rectangular in shape with the radial cell 3 being the smallest. Lacks the hexagonal radial cell 4 found in other Afrotropical Mantispidae genera. Three radial sector veins extending in posterior direction from radial cells 1-3. Hind wing: Cua parallel with A2+Cup. Cua - A2+Cup crossvein not attenuated and close to posterior margin.</p><p>Legs: Raptorial legs uniformly light reddish-brown; coxal sulcus same colour and inconspicuous; tibia-tarsal joint and fist tarsal segment black; fore tarsal claw reduced to a single claw lacking an arolium. Mid- and hind pretarsal claws pectinate (5-6 teeth); median tooth longer than surrounding teeth; pointed; arolium present on mid and hind tarsi. The rest of the mid leg light red-brown. Femur of hind leg light red-brown as well as the proximal third of the tibia, distal two-thirds and tarsal segments black; pre-tarsus light red-brown with some dark brown at pretarsal-claw bases.</p><p>Genitalia: At the time of this study the macerated female genitalia (prepared by Ragner Hall in 1983) were missing.</p><p>Discussion.</p><p>Cercomantispa and Rectinerva form a group because of synapomorphies. The male of Rectinerva is not yet known, so the genitalia cannot be used as a morphological character and sexual dimorphism cannot be excluded. However, the antennae of both genera are quite long compared to other Afrotropical taxa, and the flagellomeres are black with the anterior surface of the scape and pedicel yellow (Fig. 4h). Furthermore, the pronota of members of both genera are very similar in structure, smooth and narrow posterior to the maculae (Figs 3c, d). The rectangular shape of the cell formed by the fusion of Aa+Cup and Cua is present in only Cercomantispa . However, the second cell between the Cup+Aa and the posterior wing margin of Rectinerva is quite similar in shape but lacks the fusion between Aa+Cup and Cua. In addition to these, the comparatively simple wing venation and reduced number of radial sector cross veins in both genera seems to confirm the close relationship (Figs 2d, f).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E1C08879D02BBD5C59C2EDCB29445FB9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Snyman, Louwtjie P.;Ohl, Michael;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Scholtz, Clarke H.	Snyman, Louwtjie P., Ohl, Michael, Mansell, Mervyn W., Scholtz, Clarke H. (2012): A revision and key to the genera of Afrotropical Mantispidae (Neuropterida, Neuroptera), with the description of a new genus. ZooKeys 184: 67-93, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.184.2489, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.184.2489
F83C7D89987DDD530F5FF9B0C9947DC2.text	F83C7D89987DDD530F5FF9B0C9947DC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nampista Navas	<div><p>Genus Nampista Navas</p><p>Nampista Navás, 1914: 97. Type species Nampista speciosa Navás, 1914: 98 (= Mantispa auriventris Guérin-Méneville 1838: 202), by monotypy</p><p>Forciada Kozhanchikov, 1949: 355. Type species: Forciada relicta Kozhanchikov, 1949: 356 (= Mantispa auriventris Guérin-Méneville), by monotypy</p><p>Bucharispa Martynov, 1936: 437. Name unavailable, no type species was assigned to the genus.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Predominantly a Palaearctic genus In the Afrotropics the genus is found only in the countries bordering the Arabian Peninsula where it is represented by three species (Handschin 1960b, Ohl 2009).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The only Afrotropical genus close to Nampista is Pseudoclimaciella . It can easily be distinguished from Pseudoclimaciella by the following characteristics: Flagellomeres asymmetrically lamellate (Fig. 4d); deeply incised ventrally. Prothorax shorter than pterothorax (Fig. 3f). The basal half of the forewings always pigmented; the majority of the basal half of the hind wings clear (Fig. 2e).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Revised by Ohl (2009)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F83C7D89987DDD530F5FF9B0C9947DC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Snyman, Louwtjie P.;Ohl, Michael;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Scholtz, Clarke H.	Snyman, Louwtjie P., Ohl, Michael, Mansell, Mervyn W., Scholtz, Clarke H. (2012): A revision and key to the genera of Afrotropical Mantispidae (Neuropterida, Neuroptera), with the description of a new genus. ZooKeys 184: 67-93, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.184.2489, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.184.2489
DC590FD5C0E7409FADA61C9217D18E0A.text	DC590FD5C0E7409FADA61C9217D18E0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudoclimaciella Handschin	<div><p>Genus Pseudoclimaciella Handschin</p><p>Pseudoclimaciella Handschin, 1960a: 207. Type species: Mantispa erichsonii Guérin-Méneville 1844: 391 (as " Pseudoclimaciella erichsoni [sic] ( Guérin-Méneville 1844)" on page 207, and as " Climaciella erichsoni [sic] Guérin-Méneville 1844 " on page 210), by original designation. Mantispa erichsonii is a replacement name for Mantispa grandis Erichson, 1839: 164, which is a junior secondary homonym of Mantispa grandis Guérin-Méneville, 1831: 196.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Pseudoclimaciella can easily be recognised and confusion with other genera is unlikely. Tuberonotha Handschin 1961, a genus with a Palaearctic, Oriental and Australasian distribution is similar in appearance but always lacks an apical stain on the wings. Four Afrotropical species also lack an apical stain and were assigned to Pseudoclimaciella by either Handschin ( Pseudoclimaciella congensis ( Navás, 1936); Pseudoclimaciella coronata (Stitz, 1913)) or Poivre ( Pseudoclimaciella cachani 1982b; Pseudoclimaciella ivoiriensis Poivre, 1982b) but all four have the characteristic elongated radial cells as well as a large number of crossveins originating from the radial cells. In addition to these, two crossveins originate from radial cell 3 and terminate at the anterior wing margin, all other Afrotropical mantispines have only one such vein. The members of Pseudoclimaciella are generally large mantispids. They may be mimics of certain Vespidae ( Hymenoptera) species, an adaptation apparently not rare in Mantispidae . Colour patterns on the head as well as the pronotum fades with time and older museum specimens are frequently difficult to identify. Sexual dimorphism is unknown in Pseudoclimaciella .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The genus is probably confined to woodland and forests in the Eastern Tropical Corridor. All the locality data indicate a C-shaped distribution extending from the tropical areas in western Africa such as Sierra Leone through central Africa extending down into South Africa east of the plateau, and into Madagascar.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>All members of Pseudoclimaciella are rusty reddish to brown. Basal cells of forewings always pigmented; basal cells of the hind wing always clear (Fig. 2a). Two or three veins originate from radial cell 3 and terminate at anterior wing margin (Fig. 2a); radial cells 1-3 elongated and narrow (Fig. 2a). Two yellow bands extend from pronotal maculae to ventral basal margin forming an inverted “V” shape on the dorsal side (Figs 3a, 4e). Hind tibia rusty reddish at joints and yellow in middle.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Head: Antennae moniliform; most flagellomeres dark in colour; twice as broad as long, one to three bright yellow flagellomeres apically; scape and pedicel rusty reddish. Vertex convex, not visible in lateral view; slightly raised posteriorly; vertex always yellow or rusty reddish; epistomal suture black except in Pseudoclimaciella elisabethae ( Navás 1936); mandibles black tipped with black inner margin. Eye margins rusty reddish.</p><p>Thorax: Pronotal maculae conspicuous, from the pronotal maculae two yellow bands with black margins extend to ventral basal margin forming an inverted “V” shape on the dorsal side; prescutum with yellow margin forming another inverted “V” shape; prothorax longer than pterothorax, prozona relatively smooth, anterior margin of prothorax black, might be discontinuous medially; metazona with transversely rugulose, lacks setae. Postnota 2 and 3 often yellow as well as posterior abdominal margins providing a vespid wasp-like appearance.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 2a): Wing venation complex. Pterostigma elongated, narrow, rusty-reddish. Radial cells 1-3 elongated and narrow; of similar length; at least 8 radial sector veins extending in posterior direction from radial cells 1-3. Two veins from radial cell 3 extending towards anterior margin (C), (very few specimens with three such veins but only in one wing so some individual variation present). All species except for above mentioned 4 with apical pigmentation in both wings. Hind wings: Crossvein between Cua and Cup+Aa prominent; Cua almost parallel with basal half of Cup+Aa; inverted triangle formed by Cua shallow.</p><p>Legs: Raptorial femur, tibia and tarsi uniformly red; lacks patterns on inner femoral surface; suture in fore coxa prominent and paler; single fore tarsal claw claw lacking an arolium. Mid- and hind pretarsal claws pectinate (5-6 teeth); teeth of similar size; spoon-shaped appearance; arolium present on mid- and hind-tarsi. Proximal joint of hind tibia dark rusty-red, distal joint lighter rusty red; proximad third of tibia same dark rusty red as joint, two distal thirds of tibia yellow.</p><p>Abdomen/Genitalia: Males with ectoprocts inconspicuous to slightly enlarged. Pseudopenis visible in lateral and dorsal view; continuous variation in both ectoproct size and pseudopenis size. EEG absent. No morphological significance regarding the female genitalia.</p><p>Discussion.</p><p>Pseudoclimaciella and Nampista are quite similar in many aspects. Species of both genera are generally quite large, reddish in appearance with wings often pigmented with a similar colour. From an Afrotropical perspective, they may form a group, but with other genera such as Tuberonotha from the Oriental Region that is in most aspects identical to Pseudoclimaciella, it is likely that Nampista is not the most closely related taxon to any of the Afrotropical genera.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DC590FD5C0E7409FADA61C9217D18E0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Snyman, Louwtjie P.;Ohl, Michael;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Scholtz, Clarke H.	Snyman, Louwtjie P., Ohl, Michael, Mansell, Mervyn W., Scholtz, Clarke H. (2012): A revision and key to the genera of Afrotropical Mantispidae (Neuropterida, Neuroptera), with the description of a new genus. ZooKeys 184: 67-93, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.184.2489, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.184.2489
