taxonID	type	description	language	source
552AE709E829FFFAF420FB8666E88321.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Small short-legged pholcids with eight eyes and globular abdomen (Figs 25, 55, 73), similar in size and body shape to other New World Ninetinae in the genera Pholcophora, Papiamenta Huber, 2000, and Gertschiola Brignoli, 1981. Males are easily distinguished from these and from all other pholcids by single median process on chelicerae (e. g., Figs 29, 34, 40). Corresponding pockets on female epigyna (e. g., Figs 30, 35, 41) are diagnostic for females, but less unique among Pholcidae (similar median pockets occur in other subfamilies, e. g., in Mesabolivar). Males further distinguished by unique light prolateral band of unknown function on procursus (e. g., Figs 28, 33, 37).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E829FFFAF420FB8666E88321.taxon	description	Description Male MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 1.5 – 2.7; carapace width 0.6 – 1.0. PME diameter 50 – 100 µm; AME diameter 30 – 80 µm. Leg 1 length 2.8 – 7.4; tibia 1 length 0.7 – 2.0; tibia 4 in most species longer than tibia 1, only in the relatively long-legged I. xique sp. nov. and I. xakriaba sp. nov., as well as in I. itatim sp. nov., shorter (tibia 4 / tibia 1 length: 0.94 - 0.98); leg femora diameters 0.13 – 0.22; leg tibiae diameters 0.09 – 0.12. Tibia 1 L / d in most species 8 – 15, only in the long-legged I. xique and I. xakriaba higher: 20 and 18, respectively. COLOUR. In ethanol mostly ochre-yellow to light brown, carapace medially and ocular area often darker, legs usually with darker rings on femora (subdistally) and tibiae (proximally and subdistally); abdomen pale gray, usually with darker internal marks dorsally and laterally; ventrally with light ochre to brown plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. Live specimens often with slightly reddish or orange prosoma and legs. BODY. Habitus as in Figs 25, 55, and 73. Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove (Figs 2 – 3). Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch (Fig. 107 A). Sternum slightly wider than long, sometimes with pair of low and indistinct anterior processes near coxae 1 (Fig. 3 G); processes without pores. Abdomen globular. Numerous rimmed pores (Fig. 18) at regular intervals on many body parts, especially on legs, but also on chelicerae and abdomen; outer diameter 2.2 – 4.2 µm; opening diameter: 0.35 – 0.45 µm. Gonopore with four epiandrous spigots in variable pattern (evenly spaced or in two pairs; Figs 4 – 5). Spinnerets general arrangement as usual in Pholcidae (Fig. 6); ALS with only two spigots (Figs 7 – 8): one strongly widened spigot and one long and slender spigot; PMS with two short conical spigots (Figs 6 – 8); PLS without spigots; AMS area with one or two median hairs and slightly modified sculptured area (Fig. 7 A – B). CHELICERAE. With distinctive median frontal apophysis, usually in proximal position (e. g., Figs 34, 40), only in I. ziruma sp. nov. in distal position (Fig. 29); chelicerae width 0.25 – 0.40. Stridulatory files (Figs 9 – 10) very fine and poorly visible in dissecting microscope, with ~ 45 – 65 ridges, distances between ridges (in eight species studied with SEM) 1.7 – 3.1 µm, distances proximally in some species smaller than distally (e. g., I. guanambi sp. nov., I. sertao sp. nov.), in other species proximally larger than distally (e. g., I. naideae Mello-Leitão; I. itatim sp. nov.). PALPS. Coxa unmodified; trochanter with indistinct ventral protrusion; femur variably long, proximally with retrolateral process sometimes directed towards distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick (modified hair; Fig. 12 F), femur distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints usually not (or very slightly) shifted toward prolateral side; patella ranging from very short (e. g., Fig. 47) to very long (e. g., Fig. 109); tibia with two trichobothria; tibia-tarsus joints usually slightly shifted toward retrolateral side; palpal tarsal organ capsulate with small opening (Fig. 13), outer diameter 6 – 10 µm, opening diameter 1.3 – 2.5 µm; procursus shape highly variable, from short and wide (e. g., Figs 28, 33, 39) to very long and slender (e. g., Figs 62, 85, 102), always with light prolateral band of unknown function (Figs 28, 33, 37); distally often with tiny side branch (Fig. 12 A – C), tip often semi-transparent (Figs 57, 76, 114); in some species with variably long dorsal side branch (e. g., Figs 81, 89, 98); genital bulb with proximal sclerite connecting to tarsus, strongly attached to tendon of muscle from tibia (sclerite thus usually breaks when detaching bulb from palp; therefore often not drawn); bulbous part of genital bulb in most species with distinct prolateral sclerite (e. g., Figs 28, 33, 37), in several species with small ventral tubercles (prominent in I. naideae, Fig. 11 E – F); bulbal process with variably complex tip consisting of sclerotized and membranous elements and presumably carrying sperm duct opening. LEGS. Without spines but with stronger hairs ventrally on all femora (Fig. 15 A – B; stronger compared to neighboring leg hairs: diameter ~ 5 µm versus ~ 3 µm in neighboring hairs, but similar hairs occur on leg coxae, sternum, palps, carapace, and abdomen). Without curved hairs. Tibia 1 or tibia 1 + tibia 2 with sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs (Fig. 16), in several rows or bands, base diameter 4.1 – 6.3 µm, length 17 – 34 µm (usually 17 – 25 µm), diameter proximally 1.6 – 2.1 µm, at half-length 0.9 – 1.0 µm. Distal leg segments (tarsi and metatarsi, also tibiae) with putative chemoreceptors (Fig. 17), in light microscope similar to sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs but with distal side branches, with regular oblique furrows, and flattened (i. e., with oval diameter); base diameter ~ 4.5 – 7.5 µm, length 20 – 40 µm, diameter proximally 1.7 – 2.8 µm, at half-length with oval cross section, ~ 1.5 × 2.5 µm. Femora, tibiae, metatarsi, and tarsi with round or oval cuticular plates (Fig. 18) at regular intervals, diameter ~ 4.5 – 7.5 µm. Base of trichobothria round but with distal bulge and usually with pair of variably distinct lateral humps (Fig. 15); outer diameter of base: 11 – 18 µm; proximal diameter of seta: 1.3 – 2.1 µm; retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at 51 – 66 % of tibia length; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1. Without slender metatarsal hairs (as described in Huber et al. 2023 c, 2024 c). Tarsi with 3 – 4 distinct pseudosegments distally (cf. Fig. 21 C), proximally not pseudosegmented. Leg tarsal organs capsulate with small opening (Fig. 19), outer diameter 3.9 – 7.4 µm, opening diameter 1.0 – 1.5 µm. Tarsi 4 with two comb hairs distally on prolateral side (Fig. 20 D – F). Tarsal claws as usual for family (Figs 20 – 21); main claws with 7 – 10 teeth; teeth on tarsus 4 slightly different (shorter and directed more towards distal). Female In general, similar to males; often larger; coloration often slightly darker; legs in some species longer than in males (especially in short-legged species; Fig. S 4), in other species shorter (especially in long-legged species); without sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs on tibiae. Sternum and clypeus unmodified. Chelicerae without stridulatory files (Fig. 9). Palpal tarsal organ as in males (Fig. 14), usually oval rather than round, opening diameter 1.4 – 1.9 µm. Other sensory organs and comb hairs on tarsi 4 as in males. Spinnerets as in males (Figs 6 – 8). Tip of palp with simple pointed process and subterminal invagination (Fig. 14). Epigynum anterior plate trapezoidal to semicircular, with variably distinct pocket or ridge usually in anterior position (e. g., Figs 35, 41), only in I. diroa in central position (Fig. 72) and in I. ziruma sp. nov. in posterior position (Fig. 30). Posterior epigynal plate relatively large but simple, unmodified. Internal genitalia with distinct pore plates on posterior, weakly sclerotized arc (e. g., Figs 29, 36, 41), sometimes with distinct median sclerite (e. g., Figs 100, 104, 108), sometimes with membranous lateral pouches or tubes (e. g., Figs 46, 63, 77, 86), and sometimes with large and complex expandable median sac (e. g., Figs 100, 108, 112, 124, 128; cf. Appendix 3, character 24).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E829FFFAF420FB8666E88321.taxon	discussion	Relationships The latest molecular phylogeny of Pholcidae (Eberle et al. 2018; Huber et al. 2018) resolved Ibotyporanga as sister to a North and Central American clade including the genera Pholcophora and Papiamenta. This sister group relationship received low support, but it is strongly supported by unpublished UCE data including more representatives of the mentioned genera, and many more representatives of other Ninetinae genera (G. Meng, L. Podsiadlowski, B. A. Huber, unpubl. data). The monophyly of Ibotyporanga is well supported by several morphological synapomorphies (Fig. 1): median notch on male clypeus (char. 1); reduction of ALS spigots to only two (char. 2); single median apophysis on male chelicerae (char. 3); distinct light band on procursus (char. 10); and median pocket on female epigynal plate (char. 18). In addition, the prolateral sclerite on the bulbous part of the genital bulb (char. 13) might be a further synapomorphy (see Discussion). Internal relationships appear reasonably well resolved in the morphological cladogram (Fig. 1) but ten of the 15 nodes in this tree are supported by a single character each, and very few groups receive additional support from CO 1 sequences (cf. Fig. S 2). The cladistic analysis suggests that species with a ‘ regular’ procursus (i. e., not slender and elongated; char. 6) are plesiomorphic, while those with a slender elongated procursus are derived and monophyletic. Within this clade, species with a ‘ split’ procursus, i. e., with a distinct dorsal branch in addition to the main branch (char. 8), are again resolved as a monophylum. Natural history Ibotyporanga spiders are typically found in dry habitats, dominated by low and thorny vegetation (Figs 22 – 23). Some species were found on bare rock outcrops, under rocks lying in the plain sun, while others were found in low and dry forests. They seem to avoid more humid habitats even when available nearby (see I. kanoe sp. nov.). Several species also occupy highly degraded and artificial habitats, such as roadside rocks, piles of construction materials, and pastures; two species are known to enter buildings, and of these, I. naideae has probably extended its original distribution by human transport. Within these habitats, any sheltered space at ground level seems to be suitable for Ibotyporanga, but the most common microhabitat was under stones. The spiders were also found under and in other objects lying on the ground such as dead branches and tree trunks, cacti, bromeliads, and bark, and rarely even in the leaf litter or (I. naideae only) in the understory vegetation. Different species do not seem to be specialized to specific microhabitats: several species were found in a variety of different microhabitats. In some cases, the microhabitat was shared with another species of Pholcidae, usually another representative of Ninetinae. In Brazil, this was usually a representative of Kambiwa; in northern South America, it was Galapa Huber, 2000. Highly degraded and artificial habitats were often shared with synanthropic species such as Modisimus culicinus (Simon, 1893) or Physocyclus globosus (Taczanowski, 1874). In a few cases, we found two species of Ibotyporanga to share a habitat or even a microhabitat. For example, Ibotyporanga emekori was found together with different congeners (I. diroa; I. itajubaquara sp. nov.; I. tuxa sp. nov.), apparently in identical microhabitats; I. naideae was found to share localities with I. guanambi sp. nov., I. imale sp. nov., and I. sertao sp. nov.; I. sertao sp. nov. was also found together with I. xakriaba sp. nov. Upon disturbance, the spiders usually started to run rapidly until finding a new hiding place, often just a small depression in the rock. In some species, however, a sexual dimorphism in this behavior was observed, with males running but females remaining sitting on the rock or feigning death when beaten out of a branch or cactus. Egg sacs were usually round but slightly flattened (Figs 25, 55), with a diameter of ~ 1.5 – 2.5. They were covered by a very sparse and poorly visible layer of silk. They contained ~ 10 – 40 eggs (in most cases 15 – 30). Egg diameters ranged from 0.46 to 0.62, with a positive correlation between egg diameter and body size (carapace width) (Fig. S 5). For further details on individual species, see species descriptions below.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E829FFFAF420FB8666E88321.taxon	distribution	Distribution Ibotyporanga is apparently restricted to South America (Fig. 24). Here, it is largely limited to two areas dominated by dry and semi-arid environments: the northern South American coast, and the Brazilian Cerrado and Caatinga biomes. The genus seems to be absent from the Andes; the highest known record is at 1160 m a. s. l. Ibotyporanga is largely absent from the Amazon biome. The finding of I. kanoe sp. nov. in Rondônia suggests that within the Amazon biome, Ibotyporanga may be limited to small pockets of relatively dry environments (cf. Fig. 22 B). In northern South America, Ibotyporanga is remarkably absent from the Leeward Antilles (Huber et al. 2024 a).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E829FFFAF420FB8666E88321.taxon	discussion	On lost types It seems that the type specimens (and most non-type specimens) of all four previously described Brazilian Ibotyporanga species are lost. The type series of I. naideae Mello-Leitão, 1944 was apparently destroyed in the fire that burned a large part of the collection of the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro on 2 Sep. 2018 (A. Kury, personal communication, 22 Nov. 2023). All specimens of the three species described in Huber & Brescovit (2003) (I. diroa, I. emekori, and I. ramosae) were apparently destroyed in the fire that burned a large part of the scorpion and spider collections at Instituto Butantan (São Paulo) on 15 May 2010 (A. D. Brescovit, personal communication, 1 Sep. 2023). We do not designate neotypes for these species as we see no “ exceptional need ” (ICZN Art. 75) for doing so. Composition and species limits The genus now includes 24 nominal species. Of these, a few show geographical morphological variation that may represent species limits, i. e., they need to be restudied with larger samples and more data (e. g., molecular). In some species, we found unusually high genetic distances among putative conspecifics (Figs S 5 – 6, Table S 1). Particularly problematic in this sense are the type species (I. naideae) and I. imale sp. nov.; but also I. walekeru sp. nov., I. guanambi sp. nov., I. emekori, I. kiriri sp. nov., and I. canudos sp. nov.; see individual species descriptions below for evidence suggesting that each of these species may eventually need to be split into two or more species. Three further probable species are available in collections but not formally described, either because no males are available, or because the material is in very poor condition: (1) I. “ Ven 18 - 182 ” from Venezuela (Falcón, Peninsula de Paraguaná, near Cueva del Guano, 11.9026 ° N, 69.9456 ° W; ZFMK Ar 21861; Fig. 26) is included in the trees in Figs S 2, S 3, and S 6. The epigynum and internal genitalia of the only available adult specimen were illustrated in Huber & Villarreal (2020: figs 197 – 199). (2) I. “ Br 22 - 182 ” from Brazil (Bahia, E of São Félix do Coribe, top of hill, 13.4040 ° S, 44.1100 ° W; CHNUFPI 9066 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 182]; Fig. 74) could not be sequenced (barcoding failed). The epigynum and internal genitalia of the only available adult specimen are similar to those of I. imale sp. nov. (which was found at the base of the same hill), but the legs are much longer (tibia 1: 1.60; in 54 females of I. imale: 0.95 – 1.33). (3) I. “ Geneve 453 ” from Colombia (Magdalena, Tayrona National Park, Bahia de Gairaca, 11.317 ° N, 74.108 ° W; MHNG; Fig. 26). The available specimens (3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 1 juv.) are strongly bleached and difficult to study. The shape of the procursus (S-shaped) strongly suggests that it represents an additional species.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E83DFFC2F448FEB365D885CA.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 6383 A 80 B- 49 A 0 - 4922 - BB 37 - 305706 C 33 EE 5 Figs 23 A, 25 A, 26 – 30; SEM Figs 2 A – B, 3 G, 4 A, 5 C, 6 A, 7 C – D, 9 A – B, 10 A, 11 A, 13 A, 14 A, 15 A, C, 16 A, 17 A – B, 18 A, 19 C, 20 D	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E83DFFC2F448FEB365D885CA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Easily distinguished from all known congeners by male cheliceral armature (Fig. 29 A – B; pointed median apophysis in distal position; proximal rounded process) and by posterior position of female epigynal pocket (Fig. 30). Also, by shape of procursus (Fig. 28 A – C; very simple, wide in lateral view, distally narrower) and by slender apophysis dorsally on genital bulb (arrow in Fig. 28 E).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E83DFFC2F448FEB365D885CA.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E83DFFC2F448FEB365D885CA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype COLOMBIA – Magdalena • ♂; Santa Marta, at Cerro Ziruma; 11.2126 ° N, 74.2307 ° W; 110 m a. s. l.; 16 Sep. 2022; B. A. Huber leg.; MUSENUV-Ar 2734. Paratypes COLOMBIA – Magdalena • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; MUSENUV-Ar 2735 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; ZFMK Ar 24349. Other material examined COLOMBIA – Magdalena • 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for holotype; ZFMK Col 273 [1 ♂, 1 ♀ used for SEM].	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E83DFFC2F448FEB365D885CA.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 1.5, carapace width 0.66. Distance PME – PME 55 µm; diameter PME 55 µm; distance PME – ALE 20 µm; distance AME – AME 15 µm; diameter AME 40 µm. Leg 1: 3.42 (0.98 + 0.22 + 0.86 + 1.00 + 0.36), tibia 2: 0.74, tibia 3: 0.69, tibia 4: 1.02; tibia 1 L / d: 10; diameters of leg femora 0.16, of leg tibiae 0.09. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs mostly light ochre-orange, carapace medially and ocular area posteriorly with distinct darker mark; legs without darker rings; abdomen pale ochre-gray with darker internal marks dorsally and laterally; ventrally with light ochre plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in female (cf. Fig. 25 A). Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove (Fig. 2 A). Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum slightly wider than long (0.46 / 0.40), with small but distinct anterior processes near coxae 1 (Fig. 3 G; ~ 30 µm high, 30 µm diameter at basis). Abdomen globular; gonopore with four epiandrous spigots in two groups (Fig. 4 A); spinnerets as usual for genus (Fig. 7 C). CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 29 A – B; with strong median frontal apophysis pointing towards distal and light proximal process directed towards frontal (see also Fig. 9 A); stridulatory files (Fig. 10 A) very fine and poorly visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS. As in Fig. 27; coxa unmodified; trochanter ventrally slightly protruding; femur proximally with retrolateral process not directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints not shifted toward one side; patella dorsally as long as medially wide; tibia-tarsus joints slightly shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus without dorsal process, with small capsulate tarsal organ (Fig. 13 A); procursus (Fig. 28 A – C) wide in lateral view, distally slightly curved towards dorsal and retrolateral, with light prolateral band (also visible in retrolateral view) and fringed membranous tip (Fig. 11 A); genital bulb (Fig. 28 D – F) with distinct prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, with slender dorsal prolateral sclerite parallel to embolus. LEGS. Without spines but with longer and slightly stronger hairs ventrally on femora (Fig. 15 A); without curved hairs; with many short vertical hairs on tibia 1 (Fig. 16 A) and (fewer) on tibia 2; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 59 %; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~ 3 – 4 pseudosegments, distally fairly distinct. Variation (male) Tibia 1 in six males (incl. holotype): 0.86 – 0.95 (mean 0.90). Female In general, similar to male but slightly darker, carapace also laterally with light brown bands, legs light brown; clypeus and sternum unmodified, chelicerae without stridulatory files (Fig. 9 B); tibiae with few short vertical hairs. Tibia 1 in five females: 0.83 – 0.91 (mean 0.87). Epigynum (Fig. 30 A) anterior plate oval, slightly wider than long, posterior margin evenly curved, with wide and shallow pocket in posterior position (Fig. 5 C); posterior plate wide and short. Internal genitalia (Fig. 30 B – D) with pair of elongate pore plates, membranous posterior folds and transversal anterior structure (asterisk in Fig. 30 C).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E83DFFC2F448FEB365D885CA.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from type locality only, in Colombia, Magdalena (Fig. 26).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E83DFFC2F448FEB365D885CA.taxon	discussion	Natural history The spiders were found on an arid hill near the sea where they were beaten out of dead and dried columnar cacti lying on the ground (Fig. 23 A). They shared this microhabitat with another species of Ninetinae, Galapa gabito Huber, 2024.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E805FFCCF43DFA60647B8338.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 295920 A 0 - 330 E- 42 FD-B 2 D 0 - 9982066 BDB 0 B Figs 25 B – C, 26, 31, 32 A – B, 33 – 35, 36 A – C; SEM Figs 2 D, 4 B, 7 A, E, 10 B, 15 D, 17 C, 20 E, 21 A	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E805FFCCF43DFA60647B8338.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males are easily distinguished from most known congeners by shape of procursus (Fig. 33 A – C; short and wide, curved towards dorsal, without dorsal branch, distally with wide transparent membrane); from the very similar I. bariro Huber, 2020 by presence of only a few hair-like processes distally on procursus (many large fringes in I. bariro; compare Fig. 32 A – B with Fig. 32 C – D); from the superficially similar I. itatim sp. nov. by much shorter legs (male tibia 1 <1.1; in I. itatim> 1.5), and by absence of dorsal process on palpal tarsus. Females externally possibly indistinguishable from I. bariro but internal genitalia with pair of distinct tubes (Fig. 36 A – C; very short and indistinct in I. bariro: Fig. 36 D); I. piojo sp. nov. also with distinct internal tubes but with more strongly curved epigynal pocket and shorter legs (tibia 1 <0.75); I. itatim with deeper triangular epigynal pocket, internal genitalia with distinct pair of lateral sacs, and longer legs (tibia 1> 1.2).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E805FFCCF43DFA60647B8338.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species is named for Walekeru, a mythical spider that taught the Wayuu people of Northern Colombia the art of crocheting and weaving, eventually making Wayuu bags one of the most famous handicrafts of Colombia; noun in apposition.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E805FFCCF43DFA60647B8338.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype COLOMBIA – Cesar • ♂; 18 km ESE of Pueblo Bello; 10.3449 ° N, 73.4349 ° W; 240 m a. s. l.; 21 Sep. 2022; B. A. Huber leg.; MUSENUV-Ar 2736. Paratypes COLOMBIA – Cesar • 5 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; MUSENUV-Ar 2737 [1 ♂ used for SEM] • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; ZFMK Ar 24350. Other material examined COLOMBIA – Cesar • 2 ♀♀, 6 juvs, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for holotype; ZFMK Col 308 [1 ♀ used for SEM]. – La Guajira • 2 ♂♂; 5 km S of Riohacha; 11.4848 ° N, 72.9051 ° W; 30 m a. s. l.; 19 Sep. 2022; B. A. Huber leg.; MUSENUV-Ar 2738 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; ZFMK Ar 24351 • 3 ♀♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; ZFMK Col 287. Assigned tentatively (no males available) COLOMBIA – La Guajira • 1 ♀; near Papayal; 11.0029 ° N, 72.7708 ° W; 150 m a. s. l.; 19 Sep. 2022; B. A. Huber leg.; ZFMK Ar 24352 • 1 ♀, 3 juvs, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; ZFMK Col 292.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E805FFCCF43DFA60647B8338.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 1.5, carapace width 0.70. Distance PME – PME 55 µm; diameter PME 55 µm; distance PME – ALE 20 µm; distance AME – AME 15 µm; diameter AME 30 µm. Leg 1: 3.65 (1.00 + 0.25 + 0.90 + 1.07 + 0.43), tibia 2: 0.77, tibia 3: 0.73, tibia 4: 1.08; tibia 1 L / d: 10; diameters of leg femora 0.17, of leg tibiae 0.09. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs ochre-yellow, carapace medially with narrow brown mark widening posteriorly; legs without dark rings; abdomen gray with many dark internal marks dorsally and laterally; ventrally with indistinct light ochre plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 25 B. Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove (Fig. 2 D). Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum slightly wider than long (0.49 / 0.40), with very low and indistinct anterior processes near coxae 1. Abdomen globular; gonopore with four epiandrous spigots in two groups (Fig. 4 B); spinnerets as in congeners (Fig. 7 E). CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 34 A – B; width 0.27; with strong median frontal apophysis; stridulatory files (Fig. 10 B) very fine and poorly visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS. As in Fig. 31; coxa unmodified; trochanter with short rounded ventral protrusion; femur proximally with short retrolateral process not directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints not shifted toward one side; patella dorsally only slightly longer than medially wide; tibia-tarsus joints shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus without dorsal process; procursus (Fig. 33 A – C) evenly curved, with light prolateral band, distally widened and semitransparent, with few (~ 6) pseudotrichia (Fig. 32 A – B; barely visible in dissecting microscope); genital bulb (Fig. 33 D – F) with distinct prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, with simple embolus with indistinct prolateral process. LEGS. Without spines but with longer hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; with many short vertical hairs on tibia 1; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 54 %; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~ 4 pseudosegments, distally fairly distinct. Variation (male) Tibia 1 in 11 males (incl. holotype): 0.83 – 1.07 (mean 0.93). Males from S of Riohacha with slightly more pseudotrichia distally on procursus (~ 10). The species delimitation analysis (Fig. S 7) suggested that specimens from the three localities may in fact represent three distinct species. The K 2 P distances among them ranged from 11.0 % to 13.9 % (Table S 1). Female In general, similar to male (Fig. 25 C) but with darker brown legs, dark median band on carapace extending to ocular area and clypeus, sometimes carapace also laterally with light brown bands; clypeus unmodified; tibiae with few short vertical hairs. Tibia 1 in 13 females: 0.78 – 1.00 (mean 0.90). Epigynum (Fig. 35) anterior plate trapezoidal, posterior margin almost straight, with wide and shallow, weakly curved anterior pocket; posterior plate wide and short. Internal genitalia (Figs 34 C, 35, 36 A – C) with pair of elongate pore plates, with dome-shaped membranous structure from which pair of membranous tubes originate, apparently leading into very thin-walled globular ‘ receptacles’. Cleared female genitalia of female from near Papayal very similar to cleared females from other localities.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E805FFCCF43DFA60647B8338.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from three localities in the Colombian departments of Cesar and La Guajira (Fig. 26). Females from Papayal (La Guajira) are assigned tentatively.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E805FFCCF43DFA60647B8338.taxon	discussion	Natural history At the type locality, the spiders were found in a low, dry forest on a roadside hill. They were beaten from old dry branches lying on the ground and hollowed by termites. They shared this microhabitat with another species of Ninetinae, Galapa spiniphila Huber, 2020. The specimens from near Riohacha were beaten out of dead cactus branches lying on the ground on a degraded roadside with bushes and a few small trees. They shared this microhabitat with Galapa spiniphila and with Modisimus culicinus (Simon, 1893). Two egg sacs had diameters of 1.4 – 1.5, were slightly flattened, and contained about 12 – 15 eggs each, with an egg diameter of 0.46 – 0.52.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E80FFFCBF45AFAB7649486FA.taxon	description	Figs 26, 32 C – D, 36 D, 37	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E80FFFCBF45AFAB7649486FA.taxon	discussion	Remarks We have no new material of this Venezuelan species but include it here to provide an updated diagnosis, comparing it with the very similar Colombian I. walekeru sp. nov. and other similar species. In the original description, the carapace width of the holotype was erroneously given as 0.95; the correct measure is 0.75.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E80FFFCBF45AFAB7649486FA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males are easily distinguished from most known congeners by shape of procursus (Fig. 37 A – C; short and wide, curved towards dorsal, without dorsal branch, distally with wide transparent membrane); from the very similar I. walekeru sp. nov. by presence of many large fringes distally on procursus (only a few hair-like processes in I. walekeru; compare Fig. 32 A – B with Fig. 32 C – D); from the superficially similar I. itatim sp. nov. by much shorter legs (male tibia 1 <1.1; in I. itatim> 1.5), and by absence of dorsal process on palpal tarsus. Females externally possibly indistinguishable from I. walekeru, but internal genitalia with very short and indistinct pair of tubes (Fig. 36 D; long and distinct in I. walekeru); I. piojo sp. nov. with more strongly curved epigynal pocket and with distinct internal tubes; I. itatim with deeper triangular epigynal pocket and distinct pair of internal lateral sacs.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E80EFFD7F444F94F63E485CA.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: CB 691 C 7 E- 37 C 2 - 4207 - A 748 - 34 C 3 D 49 D 578 C Figs 25 D – E, 26, 38 – 41	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E80EFFD7F444F94F63E485CA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males are easily distinguished from all known congeners by shape of procursus (Fig. 39 A – C; strongly widened in lateral view, distally bent towards retrolateral, with semitransparent prolateral branch) and by strong prolateral apophysis on embolus (arrow in Fig. 39 D). Females very similar to those of I. walekeru sp. nov. and I. bariro, but with more strongly curved epigynal pocket (Fig. 40 C) and internal genitalia with pair of distinct tubes (arrows in Fig. 40 C; very similar to I. walekeru but different from I. bariro). Males and females also differ from all known congeners by their small size (carapace width 0.6) and short legs (tibia 1 <0.75).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E80EFFD7F444F94F63E485CA.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E80EFFD7F444F94F63E485CA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype COLOMBIA – Atlántico • ♂; near Piojo, Reserva Natural Los Charcones; 10.757 ° N, 75.095 ° W; 210 m a. s. l.; 23 Sep. 2022; B. A. Huber leg.; MUSENUV-Ar 2739. Paratypes COLOMBIA – Atlántico • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; MUSENUV-Ar 2740 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; ZFMK Ar 24353. Other material examined COLOMBIA – Atlántico • 1 ♀, 5 juvs, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for holotype; ZFMK Col 316.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E80EFFD7F444F94F63E485CA.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 1.7, carapace width 0.58. Distance PME – PME 50 µm; diameter PME 50 µm; distance PME – ALE 25 µm; distance AME – AME 15 µm; diameter AME 30 µm. Leg 1: 2.82 (0.77 + 0.20 + 0.68 + 0.77 + 0.40), tibia 2: 0.60, tibia 3: 0.57, tibia 4: 0.78; tibia 1 L / d: 8; diameters of leg femora 0.13 – 0.14, of leg tibiae 0.08 – 0.09. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs light ochre-yellow, carapace medially and ocular area slightly darker ochre; abdomen pale gray with indistinct darker internal marks dorsally and laterally; ventrally with light ochre plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 25 D. Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum slightly wider than long (0.45 / 0.38), with small but distinct anterior processes near coxae 1 (~ 30 µm high, 30 µm diameter at basis). Abdomen globular. CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 40 A – B; with strong median frontal apophysis; stridulatory files very fine and poorly visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS. As in Fig. 38; coxa and trochanter unmodified; femur proximally with retrolateral process not directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints not shifted toward one side; patella dorsally as long as medially wide; tibia with two trichobothria in relatively proximal position; tibia-tarsus joints shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus without dorsal process; procursus (Fig. 39 A – C) strongly widened in lateral view, distally bent towards retrolateral, with semitransparent prolateral branch; genital bulb (Fig. 39 D – F) with distinct prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, with strong prolateral apophysis on embolus. LEGS. Without spines but with longer and slightly stronger hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; with many short vertical hairs on tibiae 1 and 2; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 54 %; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~ 4 – 5 pseudosegments, distally fairly distinct. Variation (male) Other male slightly darker. Tibia 1 in second male 0.70. Female In general, similar to male (Fig. 25 E) but slightly darker, carapace also laterally with light brown bands, clypeus and legs light brown; clypeus and sternum unmodified; tibiae with few short vertical hairs. Tibia 1 in three females. 0.63, 0.70, 0.70. Epigynum (Fig. 41 A) anterior plate oval, wider than long, posterior margin almost straight, with strongly curved anterior pocket; posterior plate wide and short. Internal genitalia (Figs 40 C, 41 B – C) with pair of oval pore plates, membranous ‘ valve’, and pair of indistinct membranous tubes apparently leading into very thin-walled globular ‘ receptacles’.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E80EFFD7F444F94F63E485CA.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from type locality only, in Colombia, Atlántico (Fig. 26).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E80EFFD7F444F94F63E485CA.taxon	discussion	Natural history The spiders were found in a dry forest where they occupied dry wood that was lying on the floor and that had been heavily mined by termites. Two egg sacs were flattened and contained 7 and 8 eggs, respectively (in one case all eggs in a single layer), with an egg diameter of 0.46 – 0.48.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E812FFD2F441FCF5650980A6.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 849 EB 775 - ABC 9 - 47 FB- 87 B 7 - C 77 FFB 5 B 4 E 1 E Figs 22 C, 25 F – G, 32 E – F, 42 – 46; SEM Figs 2 C, 4 C, 7 F, 10 C, 11 B, 13 B, 14 B, 15 E, 16 B – C, 17 D – E, 18 B – C, 19 F – G, 21 B, D – E	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E812FFD2F441FCF5650980A6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males are easily distinguished from most known congeners by shape of procursus (Fig. 44 A – C; short and simple, distally widened and membranous); from superficially similar species (I. bariro, I. walekeru sp. nov.) by strong dorsal process on palpal tarsus (arrow in Fig. 44 C) and by longer legs (tibia 1> 1.5, versus <1.1). Females are distinguished from known congeners by trapezoidal epigynum with triangular pocket (Fig. 45 C; similar in I. xique sp. nov. and I. xakriaba sp. nov.) and by unique pair of distinct lateral sacs in internal genitalia (Fig. 46 C – H).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E812FFD2F441FCF5650980A6.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E812FFD2F441FCF5650980A6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL – Bahia • ♂; W of Itatim; 12.7162 ° S, 39.7626 ° W; 300 m a. s. l.; 10 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 5884. Paratypes BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, 3 juvs; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5885 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; UFMG 31653 • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 9028 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24354] • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5886. Other material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♂, 7 ♀♀, 1 juv., in pure ethanol; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5887 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 148; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ used for SEM].	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E812FFD2F441FCF5650980A6.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 2.0, carapace width 0.83. Distance PME – PME 70 µm; diameter PME 85 µm; distance PME – ALE 25 µm; distance AME – AME 15 µm; diameter AME 60 µm. Leg 1: 5.93 (1.63 + 0.33 + 1.60 + 1.87 + 0.50), tibia 2: 1.33, tibia 3: 1.13, tibia 4: 1.57; tibia 1 L / d: 16; diameters of leg femora 0.19 – 0.20, of leg tibiae 0.10. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs ochre-yellow, carapace medially with narrow brown mark including ocular area and clypeus; legs with brown rings on femora (subdistally) and tibiae (proximally and subdistally); abdomen gray with many dark internal marks dorsally and laterally; ventrally with ochre plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 25 F. Ocular area slightly raised (Fig. 2 C). Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum slightly wider than long (0.58 / 0.48), with very low and indistinct anterior processes near coxae 1 (not higher than in female). Abdomen globular; gonopore with four epiandrous spigots (Fig. 4 C); spinnerets as in congeners (Fig. 7 F). CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 45 A – B; width 0.33; with strong median frontal apophysis; stridulatory files (Fig. 10 C) very fine and poorly visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS. As in Fig. 43; coxa unmodified; trochanter with short rounded ventral protrusion; femur proximally with short retrolateral process not directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints not shifted toward one side; patella dorsally only slightly longer than medially wide; tibia-tarsus joints shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus with small capsulate tarsal organ (Fig. 13 B) and strong dorsal process; procursus (Fig. 44 A – C) evenly curved, with light prolateral band, distally widened and semitransparent, with dorsal brush of pseudotrichia (Figs 11 B, 32 E – F; barely visible in dissecting microscope); genital bulb (Fig. 44 D – F) with short but distinct prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, with simple embolus ending in two semitransparent tips. LEGS. Without spines but with longer hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; with many short vertical hairs on tibia 1 (Fig. 16 B – C); retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 54 %; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~ 3 – 4 pseudosegments, distally fairly distinct. Variation (male) Tibia 1 in seven males (incl. holotype): 1.60 – 1.83 (mean 1.69). Female In general, similar to male (Fig. 25 G) but clypeus unmodified and tibiae with few short vertical hairs. Tibia 1 in 13 females: 1.30 – 1.50 (mean 1.42). Epigynum (Fig. 46 A – B) anterior plate trapezoidal, posterior margin straight, with deep triangular anterior pocket; posterior plate wide and short. Internal genitalia (Fig. 46 C – H) with pair of elongate pore plates and pair of distinct lateral membranous sacs; median membranes very thin and indistinct.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E812FFD2F441FCF5650980A6.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from type locality only, in Brazil, Bahia (Fig. 42).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E812FFD2F441FCF5650980A6.taxon	discussion	Natural history The type locality is a granite outcrop with secondary shrubby caatinga (Fig. 22 C). Most specimens were found by turning small rocks; a few specimens were collected from roof tiles piled up near a house. Two egg sacs had diameters of 1.8 – 2.0, were round and slightly flattened, and contained ~ 12 – 15 eggs each, with an egg diameter of 0.58 – 0.60.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E815FFDDF43FFEB365218568.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: EFDAB 528 - 2060 - 4 D 13 - 823 D- 5 F 3245131923 Figs 42, 47 – 50	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E815FFDDF43FFEB365218568.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males are easily distinguished from most known congeners (except I. xique sp. nov.) by general shape of procursus (Fig. 48 A – C; short and wide, distally with semitransparent ventral flap), by very short palpal patella (Fig. 47 C; dorsally clearly shorter than medially wide), and by short conical prolateral process on embolus (arrow in Fig. 48 D); from similar I. xique by unique dorsal process on procursus (arrow in Fig. 48 C) and by dorsal protrusion distally on palpal femur (arrow in Fig. 47 A); males further distinguished from most known congeners (except I. xique and I. itatim sp. nov.) by slender legs (tibia 1 L / d> 15). Females are distinguished from most known congeners by trapezoidal epigynum with triangular pocket and posterior lateral parts heavily sclerotized (Fig. 50 A; similar in I. xique and I. itatim); females of I. xique are possibly indistinguishable morphologically.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E815FFDDF43FFEB365218568.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name honors the Xakriabá, an indigenous people of Brazil who in pre-colonial times lived in the valley of the Tocantins River, in Goiás and along the São Francisco River; noun in apposition.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E815FFDDF43FFEB365218568.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL – Piauí • ♂; Guaribas, Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões; 9.2257 ° S, 43.4630 ° W; 720 m a. s. l.; 13 Dec. 2010; L. S. Carvalho et al. leg.; CHNUFPI 1121. Paratypes BRAZIL – Piauí • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 1132 • 2 ♂♂; same locality as for holotype; 9 – 15 Dec. 2010; L. S. Carvalho et al. leg.; CHNUFPI 1134 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 1447. Other material examined BRAZIL – Piauí • 1 ♂; Cristino Castro, Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões; 8.9380 ° S, 43.8634 ° W; 335 m a. s. l.; 9 Dec. 2012; L. S. Carvalho et al. leg.; CHNUFPI 1168 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 1170 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; UFMG 15694 • 1 ♂; Guaribas, Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões; 8.9756 ° S, 43.8181 ° W; 345 m a. s. l.; Dec. 2012; L. S. Carvalho et al. leg.; CHNUFPI 3737 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 3745 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 3755 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 juv.; Corrente, near Rio Corrente; 10.4751 ° S, 45.1433 ° W; 455 m a. s. l.; 20 Jul. 2023; A. Galleti-Lima et al. leg.; CHNUFPI 5025. Assigned tentatively (no males available) BRAZIL – Piauí • 1 ♀; Coronel José Dias, Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara; 8.7672 ° S, 42.5600 ° W; 520 m a. s. l.; Apr. 2012; L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 371 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 396 • 1 ♀; São Raimundo Nonato, Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara, Baixão das Andorinhas; 8.8625 ° S, 42.6873 ° W; 485 m a. s. l.; 15 Jul. 2023; L. S. Carvalho and E. G. Noetzold leg.; CHNUFPI 5012.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E815FFDDF43FFEB365218568.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 2.1, carapace width 0.97. Distance PME – PME 80 µm; diameter PME 85 µm; distance PME – ALE 50 µm; distance AME – AME 20 µm; diameter AME 70 µm. Leg 1: 7.40 (2.10 + 0.37 + 2.00 + 2.43 + 0.50), tibia 2: 1.77, tibia 3: 1.33, tibia 4: 1.92; tibia 1 L / d: 18; diameters of leg femora 0.20 – 0.21, of leg tibiae 0.11. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma ochre-orange, carapace medially slightly darker; legs ochre-yellow with indistinct darker rings distally on femora and tibiae; abdomen greenish-gray, dorsally and laterally with darker internal marks; ventrally with indistinct ochre-yellow plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in I. xique sp. nov. (cf. Fig. 25 H). Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum wider than long (0.66 / 0.56), with pair of rounded anterior processes near coxae 1, ~ 30 µm high, ~ 90 µm diameter at basis. Abdomen globular. CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 49 A – B; with strongly curved median frontal apophysis; stridulatory files fine but well visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS. As in Fig. 47; coxa unmodified; trochanter with short rounded ventral protrusion; femur proximally with distinct retrolateral process directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened with distinctive dorsal protrusion; femur-patella joints not shifted toward one side; patella much shorter than wide, with distal ventral protruding rim; tibia almost globular, with proximal ventral process; tibia-tarsus joints not shifted toward one side; tarsus without dorsal process; procursus (Fig. 48 A – C) relatively short, with light prolateral band, distinctive dorsal process, distally with ventral membranous process; genital bulb (Fig. 48 D – F) with wide prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, with short conical prolateral process on embolus. LEGS. Without spines but with longer and slightly stronger hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; with several rows of short vertical hairs on tibia 1; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 66 %; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~ 4 – 5 pseudosegments, distally fairly distinct. Variation (male) Dark marks on carapace and legs variably distinct, some males also with proximal rings on leg tibiae. Tibia 1 in eight males (incl. holotype): 1.72 – 2.23 (mean 1.97). Retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 in two other males at 53 % and 60 %, respectively. Female In general, similar to male but clypeus and sternum unmodified; tibia 1 with few short vertical hairs. Tibia 1 length in five females from Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões and from Corrente: 1.53 – 1.73 (mean 1.63). Epigynum (Fig. 50 A) anterior plate trapezoidal, with deep anterior pocket, posterior lateral parts heavily sclerotized, posterior margin with pair of lateral indentations and with or without darker marks at median side of these indentations; posterior plate short and wide. Internal genitalia (Figs 49 C, 50 B – F) very short, with pair of very narrow pore plates, with small sclerotized and larger membranous lateral pockets. The three females from Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara have externally identical epigyna; they are assigned tentatively to this species because no males are available from this locality. Tibia 1 in two females: 1.33, 1.48 (missing in third female).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E815FFDDF43FFEB365218568.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from several localities in southern Piauí, Brazil (Fig. 42).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E815FFDDF43FFEB365218568.taxon	discussion	Natural history The specimens were collected on arenite rock fields, under rocks and dead logs and among small pebbles, in shrubby caatinga vegetation areas.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E819FFDAF443FB0F6378856E.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 6039 E 865 - 43 D 5 - 4401 - 8 FA 8 - E 96 C 4 EA 711 C 4 Figs 22 A, 25 H – I, 42, 51 – 54	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E819FFDAF443FB0F6378856E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males are easily distinguished from most known congeners (except I. xakriaba sp. nov.) by general shape of procursus (Fig. 52 A – C; short and wide, distally with semitransparent ventral flap), by very short palpal patella (Fig. 51 C; dorsally clearly shorter than medially wide), and by short conical prolateral process on embolus (arrow in Fig. 52 D); from similar I. xakriaba by absence of dorsal process on procursus (cf. Fig. 48 C) and by absence of dorsal protrusion distally on palpal femur (cf. Fig. 47 A); males further distinguished from most known congeners (except I. xakriaba and I. itatim sp. nov.) by slender legs (tibia 1 L / d> 15). Females are distinguished from most known congeners by trapezoidal epigynum with deep pocket and posterior lateral parts heavily sclerotized (Fig. 54 A – B; similar in I. xakriaba and I. itatim); females of I. xakriaba sp. nov. are possibly indistinguishable morphologically.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E819FFDAF443FB0F6378856E.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E819FFDAF443FB0F6378856E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL – Bahia • ♂; S of Xique-Xique, ‘ loc. 3 ’; 11.0398 ° S, 42.7311 ° W; 430 m a. s. l.; 24 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and A. S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5888. Paratypes BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5889 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; UFMG 31654 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 9029 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24355]. Other material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5890 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 220; one female prosoma used for molecular work; two female abdomens transferred to ZFMK Ar 24355].	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E819FFDAF443FB0F6378856E.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 2.3, carapace width 0.88. Distance PME – PME 85 µm; diameter PME 80 µm; distance PME – ALE 30 µm; distance AME – AME 15 µm; diameter AME 70 µm. Leg 1: 7.28 (2.15 + 0.30 + 2.03 + 2.25 + 0.55), tibia 2: 1.85, tibia 3: 1.40, tibia 4: 1.90; tibia 1 L / d: 20; diameters of leg femora 0.18 – 0.19, of leg tibiae 0.10. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs mostly pale ochre, carapace medially and ocular area slightly darker, femora and tibiae with darker subdistal rings; abdomen gray, dorsally and laterally with darker internal marks; ventrally with indistinct plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 25 H. Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum slightly wider than long (0.62 / 0.56), with pair of very low and indistinct anterior processes near coxae 1. Abdomen globular. CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 53 A – B; with strongly curved median frontal apophysis; stridulatory files very fine and poorly visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS. As in Fig. 51; coxa unmodified; trochanter with short rounded ventral protrusion; femur proximally with distinct retrolateral process directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints not shifted toward one side; patella much shorter than wide; tibia almost globular; tibia-tarsus joints not shifted toward one side; tarsus without dorsal process; procursus (Fig. 52 A – C) short, with light prolateral band, distally with membranous ventral process; genital bulb (Fig. 52 D – F) with wide prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, with short conical prolateral process on embolus. LEGS. Without spines but with longer and slightly stronger hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; with several rows of short vertical hairs on tibia 1; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 57 %; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~ 4 – 5 pseudosegments, distally fairly distinct, proximally apparently irregular. Variation (male) Dark marks on carapace and legs in other males barely visible or absent. Tibia 1 in five males (incl. holotype): 1.70 – 2.05 (mean 1.93). Female In general, similar to male (Fig. 25 I) but slightly darker ochre, carapace also with indistinct lateral and radial marks; color variable as in male, one female with very distinct dark rings on legs, also proximally on tibiae; clypeus and sternum unmodified; tibia 1 with few short vertical hairs. Tibia 1 length in five females: 1.65 – 1.95 (mean 1.76). Epigynum (Fig. 54 A – B) anterior plate trapezoidal to bell-shaped, posterior lateral parts heavily sclerotized, posterior margin with pair of lateral indentations, with deep anterior pocket; posterior plate short and wide. Internal genitalia (Fig. 54 C – G) very short, with pair of very narrow pore plates, complex system of lateral membranous structures (ducts and pouches?).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E819FFDAF443FB0F6378856E.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from type locality only, in Brazil, Bahia (Fig. 42).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E819FFDAF443FB0F6378856E.taxon	discussion	Natural history The specimens were collected on a rock field with thorny shrubs and scattered trees (Fig. 22 A). The spiders were beaten out of dead branches. One egg sac was slightly flattened, had a diameter of 2.0, and an egg diameter of 0.62; the total number of eggs was estimated to be ~ 25.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E81CFFA6F463FEB362798573.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 7 B 8 BAD 09 - C 01 C- 4 F 8 E- 95 E 2 - 9 C 9 B 089 E 22 F 6 Figs 42, 55 A – B, 56 – 59	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E81CFFA6F463FEB362798573.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males are easily distinguished from all known congeners by shape of procursus (Fig. 57 A – C; short, proximally strongly curved, distally with slender semitransparent tip curved towards dorsal); also by distinctive prolateral apophysis on embolus (arrows in Fig. 57 D – E). Females differ from known congeners by internal genitalia with distinctive transversal membranous structure and large, apparently non-expandable membranous sac (Figs 58 C, 59 B – C).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E81CFFA6F463FEB362798573.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name honors Hélder Câmara (1909 – 1999), informally called the “ bishop of the slums ”, who served as a Brazilian archbishop from 1964 to 1985, opposing the military dictatorship.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E81CFFA6F463FEB362798573.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL – Pernambuco • ♂; NE of Petrolina; 9.1957 ° S, 40.3832 ° W; 440 m a. s. l.; 30 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and A. S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5891. Paratype BRAZIL – Pernambuco • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5892 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24356]. Other material examined BRAZIL – Pernambuco • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5893 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 243; female abdomen cleared and transferred to ZFMK Ar 24256].	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E81CFFA6F463FEB362798573.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 2.0, carapace width 0.80. Distance PME – PME 70 µm; diameter PME 85 µm; distance PME – ALE 25 µm; distance AME – AME 15 µm; diameter AME 65 µm. Leg 1: 4.60 (1.27 + 0.30 + 1.13 + 1.43 + 0.47), tibia 2: 0.92, tibia 3: 0.83, tibia 4: 1.20; tibia 1 L / d: 10; diameters of leg femora 0.17 – 0.18, of leg tibiae 0.11. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs mostly ochre-yellow, carapace medially with brown mark including ocular area, legs with indistinct dark rings on femora (subdistally) and tibiae (proximally and subdistally); abdomen pale gray with dark internal marks dorsally and laterally; ventrally with light ochre plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 55 A. Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum wider than long (0.54 / 0.44), with pair of very low and indistinct anterior processes near coxae 1. Abdomen globular. CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 58 A – B; width 0.31; with strong median frontal apophysis; stridulatory files fine but clearly visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS. As in Fig. 56; coxa unmodified; trochanter with rounded prolateral-ventral protrusion; femur proximally with prominent retrolateral process not directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints not shifted toward one side; patella dorsally slightly longer than medially wide; tibia-tarsus joints not shifted toward one side; tarsus with low and indistinct dorsal process; procursus (Fig. 57 A – C) with light prolateral band, distally with membranous element curved towards dorsal and small subdistal process; genital bulb (Fig. 57 D – F) with distinct prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, with distinctive apophysis and membranous structures on embolus. LEGS. Without spines but with longer and slightly stronger hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; with several rows of short vertical hairs on tibia 1; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 58 %; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~ 3 – 4 pseudosegments, distally distinct. Variation (male) Dark rings on legs distinct in other males. Tibia 1 in two other males: 1.03, 1.13. Female In general, similar to male (Fig. 55 B) but slightly darker; clypeus unmodified; tibia 1 with few vertical hairs; tibia 1 length: 1.15. Epigynum (Fig. 59 A) anterior plate oval to trapezoidal, posterior margin almost straight, with weakly curved, shallow anterior pocket; posterior plate short and simple. Internal genitalia (Figs 58 C, 59 B – C) with pair of pore plates, with distinctive transversal membranous structure and large, apparently non-expandable membranous sac.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E81CFFA6F463FEB362798573.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from type locality only, in Brazil, Pernambuco (Fig. 42).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E81CFFA6F463FEB362798573.taxon	discussion	Natural history The spiders were found on the border between a bare rock outcrop and the neighboring thorny woodland. The three males were found under dead bark on the ground; the female was found under a stone.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E860FFABF429F99E65628376.taxon	description	Figs 55 C – D, 60 – 64, 132; SEM Figs 3 E – F, 4 D, 6 C, 7 B, 8 A – B, 10 D, 11 E – F, 13 C, 14 C, 15 F, 18 F, 19 D, H, 20 C, F, 21 C, F	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E860FFABF429F99E65628376.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males are easily distinguished from most known congeners (except I. kanoe sp. nov. and I. diroa) by long and slender procursus without dorsal branch (Fig. 62 A – C); from I. kanoe and I. diroa by long cheliceral apophysis directed upwards (Fig. 63 A – D) and by details of genital bulb: strongly developed retrolateral tubercles (Fig. 11 E – F) and tip of embolus with small pointed dorsal process (arrow in Fig. 62 F); from I. diroa also distinguished by presence of prolateral process proximally on procursus (arrow in Fig. 62 B) and by very short and indistinct prolateral sclerite on bulbous part of genital bulb (Fig. 62 D). Females differ from known congeners by relatively long and narrow epigynum with very indistinct, weakly curved anterior pocket (Fig. 64 A – C); from most congeners (except I. sertao sp. nov.) also by pair of long tubes in internal genitalia (Figs 63 F – H, 64 G – H) (present but much shorter in the similar I. kanoe).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E860FFABF429F99E65628376.taxon	discussion	Remark We found considerable variation among specimens from different localities, concerning mainly size (body size, leg length, male palp and female epigynum size) and the length of the male cheliceral apophysis (see Variation below). Some of this variation may indicate species limits. We do not split this species for several reasons. First, in its current circumscription, the species is easily diagnosable by numerous morphological details, especially when males are available. A split into two or more species would currently result in poorly diagnosable species. Second, topotypical males are not available. The males from Maranhão listed below are from localities more than 600 km from the type locality in Pará. Third, while there are quite substantial differences between the extremes, i. e., between the most northern (Maranhão) and most southern (Mato Grosso do Sul) specimens, our limited sample of intermediate localities suggests that this may be a clinal, continuous variation. We thus suggest that this species should not be split until more data become available, in particular: (1) topotypical males; (2) samples from further localities in poorly sampled regions like Mato Grosso and Goiás; (3) molecular sequence data from specimens across the entire geographic range.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E860FFABF429F99E65628376.taxon	materials_examined	Type material BRAZIL – Pará • 4 ♀♀, syntypes; [Belém], Aurá; 1.41 ° S, 48.39 ° W; ~ 20 m a. s. l.; date unknown; Leitão Carvalho leg.; MNRJ 1532 (examined by BAH in 1999; probably lost – see section ‘ On lost types’ above). New material examined BRAZIL – Pará • 1 ♀; Almeirim, Reserva Genética do Pacanari, Monte Dourado; 0.6359 ° S, 52.5672 ° W; 25 Oct. 2001; J. A. P. Barreiros leg.; MPEG 1634 • 1 ♀; Belém, Bosque Rodrigues Alves; 1.4303 ° S, 48.4562 ° W; 25 Oct. 2001; J. A. P. Barreiros leg.; MPEG 11208 • 1 ♀; same locality and collector as for preceding; 22 Feb. 2003; MPEG 11209. – Maranhão • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Carolina, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Mansinha, near headquarters; 7.1357 ° S, 47.4351 ° W; 290 m a. s. l.; 23 Aug. 2022; L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 4205 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 4200, 4206 • 1 ♀, 7 juvs; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 4203 • 1 ♀; Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Mansinha; 7.1262 ° S, 47.4440 ° W; 315 m a. s. l.; 22 Aug. 2022; L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 4194 • 1 ♂; Aldeias Altas, Riacho Curva, 2.5 km from bridge over Riacho Limpeza; 4.6618 ° S, 43.4411 ° W; 100 m a. s. l.; 11 Dec. 2021; G. S. Lustosa et al. leg.; CHNUFPI 4207 • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Caxias, Campus da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão; 4.8658 ° S, 43.3550 ° W; ~ 100 m a. s. l.; 2007; F. Limeira leg.; IBSP 122457 • 2 ♂♂; Caxias, Reserva Ecológica Inhamum; 4.8917 ° S, 43.4147 ° W; 16 – 20 Sep. 2007; J. F. B. Lima-Lobato et al. leg.; IBSP 122455 • 1 ♂; same locality and collector as for preceding; 20 – 23 Sep. 2007; IBSP 122456 • 2 ♂♂; same locality as for preceding; 2 – 5 Oct. 2007; J. F. B. Lima-Lobato & F. Limeira de Oliveira leg.; IBSP 129096 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 2 Oct. 2007; J. F. B. Lima-Lobato leg.; IBSP 130973 • 2 ♂♂; same locality and collector as for preceding; 23 – 26 Apr. 2007; IBSP 130975 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 130977 • 1 ♂; same locality and collector as for preceding; 2 Oct. 2007; IBSP 131045 • 1 ♂; Caxias, Riacho Favaca, Garrafas village; 4.9044 ° S, 43.3009 ° W; 80 m a. s. l.; 27 Dec. 2021; G. S. Lustosa et al. leg.; CHNUFPI 4201 • 1 ♂; Barão de Grajaú, road to Povoado Manga, babaçu palm gallery forest; 6.7456 ° S, 43.3179 ° W; 160 m a. s. l.; 23 Jul. 2023; L. S. Carvalho et al. leg.; CHNUFPI 5062. – Piauí • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv.; Floriano, Fazenda do Colégio Técnico de Floriano, at Rio Parnaíba; 6.7592 ° S, 43.0550 ° W; 110 m a. s. l.; 18 Dec. 2019; L. S. Carvalho et al. leg.; CHNUFPI 4042 • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 6.7596 ° S, 43.0557 ° W; 105 m a. s. l.; 22 Jul. 2023; CHNUFPI 5048 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5061 • 1 ♂; Floriano, Bairro Meladão, in house; 6.7831 ° S, 43.0367 ° W; 17 Nov. 2013; L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 1169 • 1 ♂; same locality and collector as for preceding; 1 Apr. 2013; CHNUFPI 4187 • 1 ♀; União, near Usina Comvap Ltda; 4.8477 ° S, 42.8486 ° W; 85 m a. s. l.; 2007; J. Queiroz et al. leg.; CHNUFPI 5055 • 1 ♂; Parnaiba, Distrito de Irrigação de Tabuleiros Litorâneos do Piauí – DITALPI; 3.0123 ° S, 41.7968 ° W; 30 m a. s. l.; 5 May 2012; M. Vaz leg.; CHNUFPI 1002. – Bahia • 7 ♂♂, 16 ♀♀; SE of Jacobina, ‘ site 1 ’; 11.2205 ° S, 40.4787 ° W; 520 m a. s. l.; 28 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and A. S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5894 – 5895 • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 9030 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24357] • 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5896 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 236; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ used for SEM] • 1 juv., in pure ethanol, identity confirmed by CO 1 barcode; S of Contendas do Sincorá; 13.7826 ° S, 41.0507 ° W; 320 m a. s. l.; hillside with shrubby caatinga woodland on sandy soil; 11 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 5897 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 153]. – Distrito Federal • 1 ♂; Brasília; 15.7975 ° S, 47.8919 ° W; 28 May 2011; P. C. Motta leg.; DZUNB 6652 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Sobradinho, near road DF 425, Condomínio Fraternidade; 15.6638 ° S, 47.8365 ° W; 18 Mar. 2013; P. C. Motta leg.; DZUNB 6966. – Goiás • 5 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; Caldas Novas, Parque Estadual da Serra de Caldas Novas; 17.8083 ° S, 48.7000 ° W; 1 Nov. 2014; P. C. Motta leg.; DZUNB 7522 • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same locality and collector as for preceding; 24 Apr. 2015; DZUNB 7788. – Minas Gerais • 2 ♀♀; Itaobim, roadside of BR 111; 16.5061 ° S, 41.5089 ° W; 270 m a. s. l.; 9 Apr. 2015; L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 3774, 4199 • 1 ♂; Prudente de Morais, Fazenda do Sapé, road MG- 424; 19.500 ° S, 44.117 ° W; 850 m a. s. l.; 2 Jun 2001; E. S. S. Álvares leg.; UFMG 6068 • 2 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀; same locality and collector as for preceding; Nov. 2001; IBSP 56007 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv.; Santana do Riacho, Cardeal Mota, Serra do Cipó; 19.3377 ° S, 43.6385 ° W; 805 m a. s. l.; 17 Jul. 2012; P. H. Martins et al. leg.; UFMG 12586 • 1 ♂; Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Laboratório de Aracnologia; 19.8683 ° S, 43.9658 ° W; 820 m a. s. l.; 1 Nov. 2015; L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 1679 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; A. J. Santos leg.; UFMG 17235 • 1 ♂; Belo Horizonte, Parque Municipal das Mangabeiras; 19.9541 ° S, 43.9053 ° W; 5 – 12 Dec. 2008; H. H. Santos et al. leg.; UFMG 7958 • 1 ♂; Brumadinho, trail to Cachoeira das Ostras; 20.0947 ° S, 44.0154 ° W; 985 m a. s. l.; 5 Jul. 2015; P. H. Martins and L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 3971 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Brumadinho, Monumento Natural Serra da Calçada; 20.0971 ° S, 44.0279 ° W; 5 Jul. 2015; P. H. Martins et. al. leg.; UFMG 18323 • 1 ♂; Ouro Preto, Floresta Estadual Uaimii; 20.2966 ° S, 43.5747 ° W; 1010 m a. s. l.; 8 Jan. 2016; A. Anker and P. H. Martins leg.; CHNUFPI 3960. – São Paulo • 3 ♂♂, in pure ethanol; Campinas, in building; 22.9 ° S, 47.1 ° W; ~ 600 – 700 m a. s. l.; Mar. 2004; A. Santos; ZFMK G 117. – Mato Grosso do Sul • 2 ♂♂; Corumbá, Morro do Azeite; 19.4833 ° S, 57.3167 ° W; Aug. 1998; J. Raizer et al. leg.; IBSP 38728 • 2 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; Corumbá, Hotel Passo do Lontra; 19.5747 ° S, 57.0378 ° W; Apr. 1998; J. Razier et al. leg.; IBSP 21973 • 1 ♂; Três Lagoas, Horto Barra do Moeda; 20.950 ° S, 51.783 ° W; Jan. 2009; M. Uehara-Prado leg.; UFMG 5099 • 1 ♂; same locality and collector as for preceding; Nov. 2008; UFMG 5144 • 4 ♂♂; Porto Murtinho, Terra Indígena Kadiwéu, collecting point “ 8 B ”; 20.473 ° S, 56.998 ° W; 200 m a. s. l.; 21 Jun. – 17 Dec. 2021; B. A. Arrua and V. A. Nacagava leg.; CHNUFPI 5075, 5076, 5077, 5082 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5079 • 2 ♀♀; Terra Indígena Kadiwéu, collecting point “ 7 B ”; 20.465 ° S, 56.992 ° W; 175 m a. s. l.; 21 Jun. 2021 – 15 Feb. 2022; B. A. Arrua and V. A. Nacagava leg.; CHNUFPI 5070, 5078 • 1 ♂; Terra Indígena Kadiwéu, collecting point “ 6 B ”; 20.461 ° S, 56.990 ° W; 180 m a. s. l.; 21 Jun. 2021; B. A. Arrua and V. A. Nacagava leg.; CHNUFPI 5084 • 3 ♂♂; Terra Indígena Kadiwéu, collecting point “ 6 A ”; 20.459 ° S, 56.983 ° W; 200 m a. s. l.; 21 Jun. 2021 – 15 Feb. 2022; B. A. Arrua and V. A. Nacagava leg.; CHNUFPI 5085, 5086, 5087 • 2 ♂♂; Terra Indígena Kadiwéu, collecting point “ 2 ”; 20.441 ° S, 56.996 ° W; 180 m a. s. l.; 25 Oct. 2021; B. A. Arrua and V. A. Nacagava leg.; CHNUFPI 5069, 5071 • 2 ♂♂; Terra Indígena Kadiwéu, collecting point “ 3 ”; 20.438 ° S, 57.004 ° W; 170 m a. s. l.; 21 Jun. 2021; B. A. Arrua and V. A. Nacagava leg.; CHNUFPI 5072, 5074 • 2 ♀♀; same locality and collector as for preceding; 17 Dec. 2021 – 15 Feb. 2022; CHNUFPI 5073, 5080 • 1 ♂; Terra Indígena Kadiwéu, collecting point “ 4 B ”; 20.437 ° S, 57.028 ° W; 160 m a. s. l.; 17 Dec. 2021; B. A. Arrua and V. A. Nacagava leg.; CHNUFPI 5081 • 1 ♂; Terra Indígena Kadiwéu, collecting point “ 10 ”; 20.404 ° S, 57.060 ° W; 160 m a. s. l.; 21 Jun. 2021; B. A. Arrua and V. A. Nacagava leg.; CHNUFPI 5083 • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Dois Irmãos do Buriti, Piraputanga, Fazenda Correntes II; 20.45 ° S, 55.50 ° W; 16 – 26 Feb. 2008; R. Bessi leg.; IBSP 128742 • 2 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; Brasilândia, Usina Hidrelétrica Sérgio Motta; 22.4781 ° S, 52.9581 ° W; 11 – 21 Oct. 2001; IBSP team leg.; IBSP 31603. PARAGUAY – Boquerón • 1 ♂; “ Enciso ” (Teniente Agripino Enciso National Park), “ T 89.15.0 r 1 ”; 21.2030 ° S, 61.6591 ° W; 255 m a. s. l.; 4 Nov. 2001; M. Leponce leg.; IRSNB.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E860FFABF429F99E65628376.taxon	description	Redescription Male (Bahia; ZFMK Ar 24357) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 2.3, carapace width 0.90. Distance PME – PME 75 µm; diameter PME 75 µm; distance PME – ALE 30 µm; distance AME – AME 10 µm; diameter AME 60 µm. Leg 1: 4.99 (1.33 + 0.32 + 1.27 + 1.60 + 0.47), tibia 2: 1.05, tibia 3: 0.95, tibia 4: 1.37; tibia 1 L / d: 11; diameters of leg femora 0.21 – 0.22, of leg tibiae 0.10 – 0.11. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs mostly ochre-yellow, carapace medially and ocular area slightly darker brown, legs with darker rings on femora (subdistally) and tibiae (proximally and subdistally); abdomen gray with many darker internal marks dorsally and laterally; ventrally with distinct light brown plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 55 C. Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum wider than long (0.62 / 0.50), with pair of low and indistinct anterior processes near coxae 1. Abdomen globular; gonopore with four epiandrous spigots in two groups (Fig. 4 D); spinnerets as in congeners (Figs 6 C, 8 A). CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 63 A – B; width 0.35; with very long median frontal apophysis directed upwards in proximal half; stridulatory files (Fig. 10 D) fine but clearly visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS. As in Fig. 61; coxa unmodified; trochanter with distinct ventral protrusion; femur proximally with distinct retrolateral process slightly directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints and tibia-tarsus joints not shifted toward one side; patella dorsally approximately as long as medially wide; tarsus with small capsulate tarsal organ (Fig. 13 C), without dorsal process; procursus (Fig. 62 A – C) proximally wide and with prolateral process, distal part very long and slender, curved towards dorsal and lateral, with narrow but distinct light prolateral band; genital bulb (Fig. 62 D – F) with very short and indistinct prolateral sclerite on bulbous part and strongly developed retrolateral tubercles on bulbous part (Fig. 11 E – F); tip of embolus with small pointed dorsal apophysis. LEGS. Without spines but with longer hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; with several rows of short vertical hairs on tibia 1; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 59 %; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~ 4 – 5 pseudosegments, distally fairly distinct. Variation (male) Here, we divide the available specimens into three operational groups (Fig. 60 A), without implying that these groups are ‘ natural’: a northern group (Maranhão, Piauí, Tocantins) with the largest specimens, an intermediate eastern group (Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo), and a southern group (Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraguay) with the smallest specimens. Tibia 1 in 16 males of northern group: 1.50 – 2.20 (mean 1.82); in 16 males of eastern group: 1.20 – 1.52 (mean 1.35); in 13 males of southern group: 1.10 – 1.30 (mean 1.17). Cheliceral apophysis length in males of northern group: 0.41 – 0.44; eastern group: 0.32 – 0.38; southern group: 0.25 – 0.27. Genital bulb length in northern group: 0.55 – 0.60; eastern group: 0.46 – 0.57; southern group: 0.42 – 0.45. Palpal tibia diameter in northern group: 0.26 – 0.30; eastern group: 0.24 – 0.28; southern group: 0.21 – 0.23. Apart from size variation, the course of the distal part of the procursus seems to be quite consistent within localities but variable among localities. However, this variation is difficult to assess, mainly because small differences in the angle of view result in very different images of the course. Also, the somewhat angular course in males from Bahia shown in Fig. 62 A – C becomes more evenly rounded when the palp is slightly compressed by a cover slide (as was done for fig. 360 in Huber 2000). However, a more evenly curved procursus was also observed among the males newly examined herein (e. g., in males from Floriano, Piauí). Female In general, similar to male (Fig. 55 D); clypeus unmodified; tibia 1 with few short vertical hairs. Epigynum (Fig. 64 A – C) anterior plate trapezoidal, relatively long, posterior margin almost straight, anteriorly with weakly curved, shallow pocket. Internal genitalia (Figs 63 E, 64 D – F) with heavily sclerotized median structure, with pair of relatively large, weakly sclerotized pore plates, and pair of convoluted ducts (Figs 63 F – H, 64 G – H) originating laterally from membranous transversal structure and leading into widened terminal sacs. Course of convoluted ducts apparently consistent across localities, but the original course is easily affected by the process of preparation. Median sclerotized structure apparently variable among sites: newly cleared female from near type locality (MPEG 11208) resembles drawing of syntype in Huber (2000: fig. 364; anterior round element, posterior widening), while cleared specimens from Maranhão and Bahia appear slightly different (Fig. 64 D – H; anterior round element indistinct or absent; not or barely widening posteriorly). Size variation similar to that in males: tibia 1 in 18 females of northern group: 1.67 – 2.23 (mean 1.96); in 22 females of eastern group: 1.40 – 1.70 (mean 1.52); in five females of southern group: 1.20 – 1.27 (mean 1.24); in three syntypes from Pará (Huber 2000): 1.61 – 1.77. Epigynum proportions (length / width) fairly consistent across groups, but narrower anteriorly in eastern group than in other groups. Epigynum width in northern group: 0.52 – 0.64; eastern group: 0.48 – 0.60; southern group: 0.40 – 0.44. Epigynum length in northern group: 0.52 – 0.62; eastern group: 0.48 – 0.54; southern group: 0.40 – 0.48.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E860FFABF429F99E65628376.taxon	distribution	Distribution This species has a wide distribution in the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes of Brazil (Fig. 60 A). The records from Amazonas and Mato Grosso in Huber (2000) are based on females only, i. e., on possibly misidentified specimens. This is also true for the single female specimen from Almeirim (Pará) listed above. Natural history This species has been collected repeatedly in artificial habitats, suggesting that it has been spreading with humans. In Floriano (Piauí), Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais), and Campinas (São Paulo), specimens were collected inside buildings. Near Jacobina (Bahia), the species was extremely abundant in a pile of rocks for construction dumped at the roadside; the microhabitat was shared with Mesabolivar spinulosus (Mello-Leitão, 1939) and the introduced Physocyclus globosus. At Reserva Mansinha (Maranhão), the spiders were collected among tiles and bricks in a Cerrado sensu stricto area, but no specimen was collected in natural environments. At other sites in Maranhão, specimens were collected with beating tray in the understory vegetation of riparian zones in the Cerrado biome, a microhabitat shared with several other Pholcidae species.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E86FFFB7F44EFD13622684A9.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 90329555 - 8348 - 48 B 3 - 8 DA 3 - 0897611 BE 788 Figs 22 B, 60 B, 65 – 68	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E86FFFB7F44EFD13622684A9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males are easily distinguished from most known congeners (except I. naideae and I. diroa) by long and slender procursus without dorsal branch (Fig. 66 A – C); from I. naideae by shorter cheliceral apophysis not directed upwards (Fig. 67 A – B) and by details of genital bulb (without strongly developed retrolateral tubercles; tip of embolus without small pointed dorsal apophysis; Fig. 66 F); from I. diroa also distinguished by presence of prolateral process proximally on procursus (arrow in Fig. 66 B) and by very short and indistinct (basically absent) prolateral sclerite on bulbous part of genital bulb (Fig. 66 D). Females are externally similar to several congeners with relatively long epigynum (similar to I. naideae but relatively shorter) and weakly curved anterior pocket (Fig. 68 A – B), but differ by pair of short but distinct tubes in internal genitalia (Figs 67 C, 68 F – G) (much longer in I. naideae).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E86FFFB7F44EFD13622684A9.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name honors the Kanoê, an indigenous people of Brazil that lives in the State of Rondônia; noun in apposition.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E86FFFB7F44EFD13622684A9.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL – Rondônia • ♂; Floresta Nacional do Jamari, Pedra Grande; 9.198 ° S, 63.081 ° W; 160 m a. s. l.; 25 Oct. 2016; L. S. Carvalho and B. A. Huber leg.; CHNUFPI 3796. Paratypes BRAZIL – Rondônia • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 3752 • 1 ♀, 4 juvs; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 3489 • 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 3702, 3731, 3792 • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5898 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24358]. Other material examined BRAZIL – Rondônia • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5899 [deposited in ZFMK Br 16 - 303; female prosoma and legs used for molecular work].	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E86FFFB7F44EFD13622684A9.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 2.3, carapace width 0.97. Distance PME – PME 75 µm; diameter PME 85 µm; distance PME – ALE 30 µm; distance AME – AME 20 µm; diameter AME 55 µm. Leg 1: 6.27 (1.67 + 0.35 + 1.62 + 2.03 + 0.60), tibia 2: 1.38, tibia 3: 1.23, tibia 4: 1.73; tibia 1 L / d: 14; diameters of leg femora 0.21 – 0.22, of leg tibiae 0.12. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs mostly light ochre, carapace medially slightly darker brown, including ocular area and clypeus; legs with very indistinct darker rings on femora (subdistally) and tibiae (proximally and subdistally); abdomen gray with many darker internal marks dorsally and laterally; ventrally with distinct light brown plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus similar to I. naideae (cf. Fig. 55 C). Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum wider than long (0.68 / 0.52), with pair of distinct anterior processes near coxae 1. Abdomen globular. CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 67 A – B; width 0.39; with strong median frontal apophysis; stridulatory files fine but clearly visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS. As in Fig. 65; coxa unmodified; trochanter with distinct ventral protrusion; femur proximally with distinct retrolateral process not directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints and tibia-tarsus joints not shifted toward one side; tibia with distinct ventral process; tarsus without dorsal process; procursus (Fig. 66 A – C) proximally wide and with prolateral process, curved towards ventral, distally very long and slender, curved towards dorsal, with narrow but distinct light prolateral band; genital bulb (Fig. 66 D – F) with very short and indistinct (practically absent) prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, embolus with distal sclerite directed towards retrolateral. LEGS. Without spines but with longer hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; with several rows of short vertical hairs on tibiae 1 and 2; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 59 %; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~ 5 pseudosegments, distally fairly distinct. Variation (male) Tibia 1 in five males (incl. holotype): 1.60 – 1.90 (mean 1.76). Largest males also with larger chelicerae and palps, but shapes of genital structures apparently identical. Measurements of largest male: carapace width 1.23; tibia 1 length 1.90; palpal tibia length / diameter: 0.50 / 0.30 (versus 0.40 / 0.25 in holotype). Female In general, similar to male but clypeus unmodified, tibia 1 with few short vertical hairs. Tibia 1 length in five females: 1.83 – 2.17 (mean 2.02). Epigynum (Fig. 68 A – B) anterior plate trapezoidal, posterior margin slightly and evenly indented, anteriorly with wide and shallow pocket; posterior plate large but simple, rectangular. Internal genitalia (Figs 67 C, 68 C – G) with heavily sclerotized median structure, with pair of relatively large, weakly sclerotized pore plates, and pair of short ducts originating laterally from membranous anterior structure and leading into widened terminal sacs.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E86FFFB7F44EFD13622684A9.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from type locality only, in Brazil, Rondônia (Fig. 60 B).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E86FFFB7F44EFD13622684A9.taxon	discussion	Natural history The type locality is located within the Floresta Nacional do Jamari, a sustainable use conservation unit, with about 223 000 hectares of dense Amazon rainforest. About 43 % of its area is used for log extraction and cassiterite mining activities (https: // www. gov. br / agricultura / pt-br / assuntos / servico-florestal-brasileiro / concessao-florestal / concessoes-florestais-em-andamento- 1 / floresta-nacional-do-jamari-ro). The sampling in this conservation unit was performed at six sites (Fig. S 8 A), but Ibotyporanga was only found on a granite rock outcrop, which is dominated by exposed rock and scattered low vegetation adapted to drier conditions (Figs 22 B and S 9 A – B). In the surrounding forest, we found several genera of Pholcidae usually encountered in humid Brazilian forests (Metagonia, Mesabolivar, Litoporus), but no Ninetinae. On the outcrop, Ibotyporanga was found by turning rocks. Upon turning the rocks, the spiders ran rapidly, making them difficult to catch. The conservation status of this species should be formally assessed. From satellite images (Fig. S 8), we estimate its extent of occurrence (EOO) to be about 0.13 km ², i. e., the rock outcrop area. The sampling site is less than 100 meters from a mining site (Taboquinha) inside the conservation unit (Fig. S 9 B). The mining activities are active and currently under expansion, getting closer to the rock outcrop (Fig. S 9). This dynamic potentially decreases habitat quality, threatening Ibotyporanga kanoe sp. nov. to extinction.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E873FFB4F404FA4864848419.taxon	description	Figs 23 G, 55 E – F, 69 – 72	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E873FFB4F404FA4864848419.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males are easily distinguished from most known congeners (except I. naideae and I. kanoe sp. nov.) by long and slender procursus without dorsal branch (Fig. 70 A – C); from I. naideae and I. kanoe by very short cheliceral apophysis (Fig. 71 A – B), by absence of prolateral process proximally on procursus (cf. Figs 62 B, 66 B), by distinct prolateral sclerite on bulbous part of genital bulb (Fig. 70 D), and by conical process ventrally on palpal tibia (arrow in Fig. 69 C; present but more distal in I. kanoe). Females are distinguished from known congeners by medial position of epigynal pocket (Fig. 72 A), by strong elements in internal genitalia diverging posteriorly (Fig. 72 D), and by almost rectangular sclerotized pore plates (Fig. 72 D); from syntopic I. emekori also by absence of median sclerite in internal genitalia.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E873FFB4F404FA4864848419.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL – Bahia • ♂; Jussara, Toca da Esperança; 11.033 ° S, 42.071 ° W (see Remark below); 23 July 2000; A. D. Brescovit leg.; IBSP 28759; presumably lost – see section ‘ On lost types’ above. New material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • 2 ♀♀; W of Queimada Nova; 11.0343 ° S, 42.0682 ° W; 580 m a. s. l.; 25 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and A. S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5900 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 9031 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24359] • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5901 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 227; one female abdomen transferred to ZFMK Ar 24359] • 1 ♂; near Toca da Esperança; 11.0314 ° S, 42.0672 ° W; 570 m a. s. l.; 26 Aug. 2016; L. S. Carvalho and B. T. Faleiro leg.; CHNUFPI 3784 • 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 3759, 3770, 3772, 3790 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; near Mundinho, near Toca do Índio; 11.0195 ° S, 42.1564 ° W; 550 m a. s. l.; 24 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and A. S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5902 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24360] • 4 ♀♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5903 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 225].	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E873FFB4F404FA4864848419.taxon	discussion	Remark The coordinates of the type locality given in Huber & Brescovit (2003) are wrong. The exact coordinates of the type locality are not known to us, but the type locality is presumably within a few 100 meters from the localities listed above as “ W of Queimada Nova ” and “ near Toca da Esperança ”.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E873FFB4F404FA4864848419.taxon	description	Redescription of male MEASUREMENTS (ZFMK Ar 24360). Total body length 2.0, carapace width 0.90. Distance PME – PME 80 µm; diameter PME 80 µm; distance PME – ALE 30 µm; distance AME – AME 25 µm; diameter AME 60 µm. Leg 1: 5.37 (1.40 + 0.33 + 1.37 + 1.77 + 0.50), tibia 2: 1.07, tibia 3: 0.97, tibia 4: 1.38; tibia 1 L / d: 12; diameters of leg femora 0.19 – 0.20, of leg tibiae 0.11. Tibia 1 in two other newly examined males: 1.33, 1.40; in holotype: 1.44. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs mostly ochre-yellow, carapace medially and ocular area slightly darker, legs with darker rings on femora (subdistally) and tibiae (proximally and subdistally); abdomen pale gray with many darker internal marks dorsally and laterally; ventrally with indistinct light ochre plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 55 E. Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum wider than long (0.58 / 0.50), with pair of low and indistinct anterior processes near coxae 1. Abdomen globular. CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 71 A – B; width 0.33; with short median frontal apophysis; stridulatory files very fine and poorly visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS. As in Fig. 69; coxa unmodified; trochanter with short ventral protrusion; femur very slender, proximally with distinct retrolateral process directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints not shifted toward one side; patella dorsally ~ 1.7 × as long as medially wide; tibia with two trichobothria in relatively proximal position, with conical process ventrally; tibia-tarsus joints slightly shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus with indistinct dorsal protrusion; procursus (Fig. 70 A – C) very long and slender, with light prolateral band, with tiny subdistal side branch (160 µm from tip); genital bulb (Fig. 70 D – F) with distinct prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, embolus with simple distal elements. LEGS. Without spines but with longer hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; with several rows of short vertical hairs on tibia 1; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 58 %; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~ 3 – 4 pseudosegments, distally fairly distinct. Description of female In general, similar to male (Fig. 55 F) but slightly darker; clypeus and sternum unmodified; tibia 1 with few short vertical hairs; tibia 1 length in ten females: 1.40 – 1.63 (mean 1.49). Epigynum (Fig. 72 A – B) anterior plate trapezoidal to oval, posterior margin almost straight, anteriorly with whitish median area, with wide and shallow pocket medially on epigynal plate, at posterior end of whitish area; posterior plate relatively small. Internal genitalia (Figs 71 C, 72 C – D) with pair of roughly rectangular, sclerotized pore plates connected to large posterior membranous structures diverging posteriorly; large expandable anterior sac with pair of small lateral pockets (arrows in Fig. 72 D).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E873FFB4F404FA4864848419.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from several localities in the Serra do Calcário in Brazil, Bahia (Fig. 60 B).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E873FFB4F404FA4864848419.taxon	discussion	Natural history The newly collected spiders from W of Queimada Nova and from near Toca do Índio were found under rocks in thorny woodland (Fig. 23 G). At both localities, the microhabitat was shared with Ibotyporanga emekori. Three egg sacs were round but slightly flattened, had diameters of 1.8 – 2.1, and egg diameters of 0.60 – 0.62; the total number of eggs was estimated to be ~ 15 – 30.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E877FFBBF443F9AD626C84AF.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 886 A 7 AAB- 02 D 8 - 4 F 62 - A 2 BD- 5 D 1 ACEE 348 DD Figs 23 B, 55 G – H, 74 – 78	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E877FFBBF443F9AD626C84AF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males are distinguished from known congeners by dorsal branch of procursus with distinctive distal bend (arrows in Fig. 76); also by distal course of main procursus branch (Fig. 76; distal membranous part long, directed towards dorsal; similar only in I. guanambi sp. nov.). Females are externally possibly indistinguishable from putatively close relatives (species with a split procursus but without median sclerite in female internal genitalia: I. ramosae, I. guanambi, I. capivara sp. nov., I. sertao sp. nov.); I. capivara seems to have longer legs (tibia 1> 1.4); I. sertao is distinguished by internal genitalia with distinct pair of convoluted tubes and by absence of large median expandable sac. Females of I. ramosae and I. guanambi may be morphologically indistinguishable from those of I. imale sp. nov.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E877FFBBF443F9AD626C84AF.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name remembers the Malê Revolt of 1835, a term derived from the Yoruba word ‘ imale’. The slave rebellion was defeated but is considered a turning point in the history of slavery in Brazil; noun in apposition.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E877FFBBF443F9AD626C84AF.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL – Bahia • ♂; E of São Félix do Coribe; 13.404 ° S, 44.110 ° W; 470 – 580 m a. s. l.; 17 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 5904. Paratypes BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5905 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; UFMG 31655 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 9032 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24361] • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5906. Other material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • 3 ♀♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5907 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 180; one abdomen transferred to ZFMK Ar 24361] • 2 ♀♀; SW of São Félix do Coribe, ‘ site 1 ’; 13.4325 ° S, 44.2168 ° W; 470 m a. s. l.; arboreous caatinga at base of rocky outcrop; 17 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 5908 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 9033 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24362] • 1 ♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5909 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 177]. Assigned tentatively (see Variation below) Morph 2 BRAZIL – Minas Gerais • 1 ♂; SE of Monte Rei, Fazenda Lapinha; 14.5323 ° S, 44.1559 ° W; 490 m a. s. l.; 15 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 5910 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5911 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 9034 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24363] • 1 ♀, 1 juv., in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5912 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 171] • 1 ♂; Itaobim, at margin of BR 367; 16.5689 ° S, 41.4838 ° W; 280 m a. s. l.; 10 Apr. 2015; L. S. Carvalho et al. leg.; CHNUFPI 3692 • 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 3703, 3735, 3769 • 10 ♀♀, 6 juvs; same locality as for preceding; 27 Nov. 2011; I. L. F. Magalhães et al. leg.; UFMG 10151. Morph 3 BRAZIL – Minas Gerais • 2 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; Parque Nacional Cavernas do Peruaçu, near visitor center; 15.1559 ° S, 44.2316 ° W; 530 m a. s. l.; 14 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber, L. S. Carvalho and R. A. Torres leg.; CHNUFPI 5913 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 9035 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24364] • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5914 • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, 1 juv., in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5915 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 168]. Morph 4 BRAZIL – Minas Gerais • 8 ♀♀; NW of Itacarambi, ‘ site 2 ’; 15.0555 ° S, 44.1715 ° W; 630 m a. s. l.; 13 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber, L. S. Carvalho and R. A. Torres leg.; CHNUFPI 5916 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 9036 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24365] • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5917 • 6 ♀♀, 1 juv., in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5918 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 160] • 1 ♂; Parque Nacional Cavernas do Peruaçu, Lapa do Rezar (karst cave), at cave entrance; 15.1433 ° S, 44.2349 ° W; 610 m a. s. l.; 14 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and R. A. Torres leg.; CHNUFPI 5919 • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Parque Nacional Cavernas do Peruaçu, near guest house, ‘ site 1 ’; 15.1229 ° S, 44.2804 ° W; 770 m a. s. l.; degraded shrubby caatinga; 13 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and R. A. Torres leg.; CHNUFPI 5920 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 9037 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24366] • 4 ♀♀, 1 juv., in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5921 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 162] • 2 ♀♀; Parque Nacional Cavernas do Peruaçu, near guest house, ‘ site 2 ’; 15.1241 ° S, 44.2813 ° W; 770 m a. s. l.; degraded shrubby caatinga; 14 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and R. A. Torres leg.; CHNUFPI 5922.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E877FFBBF443F9AD626C84AF.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 1.9, carapace width 0.70. Distance PME – PME 55 µm; diameter PME 75 µm; distance PME – ALE 25 µm; distance AME – AME 25 µm; diameter AME 40 µm. Leg 1: 3.89 (1.00 + 0.23 + 1.00 + 1.23 + 0.43), tibia 2: 0.80, tibia 3: 0.75, tibia 4: 1.10; tibia 1 L / d: 11; diameters of leg femora 0.17, of leg tibiae 0.09. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs mostly ochre-yellow, carapace medially and ocular area slightly darker, femora and tibiae with darker subdistal rings; abdomen pale gray with indistinct darker internal marks; ventrally with light ochre plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 55 G. Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum slightly wider than long (0.50 / 0.46), with pair of very low and indistinct anterior processes near coxae 1. Abdomen globular. CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 77 D – E; width 0.27; with short median frontal apophysis, length ~ 0.10; stridulatory files very fine and poorly visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS. As in Fig. 75; coxa and trochanter unmodified; femur proximally with distinct retrolateral process directed slightly toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints barely shifted toward prolateral side; patella dorsally slightly longer than medially wide; tibia-tarsus joints barely shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus without dorsal process; procursus (Fig. 76 A – C) with long dorsal branch with distinctive subdistal bend; main branch with light prolateral band, length of distal transparent tip 0.14; genital bulb (Fig. 77 A – C) with distinct prolateral sclerite on bulbous part; embolus with slender prolateral ridge. LEGS. Without spines but with longer and slightly stronger hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; with several rows of short vertical hairs on tibia 1; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 54 %; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with 3 – 4 pseudosegments, distally fairly distinct. Variation (male) Tibia 1 in 15 males: 0.93 – 1.17 (mean 1.06). The procursus shows slight variation among (but not within) localities (type morph near São Félix do Coribe and ‘ morphs 2 – 4 ’ above in Minas Gerais): the transparent distal tip of the main branch ranges from 110 µm (morph 3) to 210 µm (morphs 2 and 4); type morph is intermediate: 140 µm (Fig. 76). The bent distal element of the dorsal branch ranges from 40 – 50 µm (morph 4) to 110 – 120 µm (type morph and morph 2); morph 3 intermediate: 80 – 95 µm (Fig. 76). No relevant variation seems to exist in the male cheliceral apophysis. Males usually without or with indistinct lateral dark bands on carapace. The species delimitation analysis (Fig. S 7) suggests that the individual ‘ morphs’ may in fact represent separate species. The K 2 P distances between them ranged from 13.1 % to 16.8 % (Table S 1). Female In general, similar to male (Fig. 55 H) but clypeus and carapace laterally darker ochre; clypeus unmodified; tibia 1 length in 54 females: 0.95 – 1.33 (mean 1.11). Epigynum (Fig. 78 A – B) anterior plate triangular to trapezoidal with rounded edges, posterior margin almost straight, with weakly curved, shallow anterior pocket; posterior plate short and simple. Internal genitalia (Figs 77 F, 78 C – F) without median sclerotized structure, with pair of narrow and indistinct pore plates posteriorly, with large expandable membranous structure medially from which pair of membranous sacs or pouches originate laterally. Lateral membranous sacs possibly variable but at least part of this apparent variation seems to be due to different degrees of expansion of the large median expandable membranous structure.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E877FFBBF443F9AD626C84AF.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from the type locality in southeastern Bahia, Brazil, and from several localities in northern Minas Gerais (Fig. 74); however, the specimens from Minas Gerais are assigned tentatively.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E877FFBBF443F9AD626C84AF.taxon	discussion	Natural history The specimens from E of São Félix do Coribe were collected in a secondary arboreous caatinga on a granitic hillside (Fig. 23 B). The spiders were found in dry pieces of wood and bark on the ground. Near the top of the same hill, a single female was found that might represent a separate species (I. “ Br 22 - 182 ”; cf. Fig. 79). The specimens from SW of São Félix do Coribe and from SE of Monte Rei were collected in degraded woodlands at the bases of karst outcrops, in pieces of wood on the ground and under stones. Near the visitor center of Parque Nacional Cavernas do Peruaçu, the spiders were found in the litter, in dry pieces of wood, and under rocks of a secondary arboreous caatinga. Near the guest house of Parque Nacional Cavernas do Peruaçu, the spiders were found under construction material in a degraded shrubby caatinga. Near Itacarambi, the spiders were found under rocks in an arboreous caatinga at a karst outcrop; males ran rapidly when disturbed and were thus difficult to catch, while females often remained sitting on the rock. Eight egg sacs were round but slightly flattened, had diameters of 1.4 – 2.0, and egg diameters of 0.46 – 0.54; the total number of eggs per egg sac was estimated to be ~ 12 – 25.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E87FFFB8F7F0FA55641B878E.taxon	description	Figs 74, 80 – 83	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E87FFFB8F7F0FA55641B878E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males are distinguished from known congeners by strongly curved main branch of procursus (Fig. 81 A – C; more than one entire turn; similar only in I. sertao sp. nov.); from possibly closest relative (I. imale sp. nov.; according to molecular data, Fig. S 2) also by shorter dorsal branch of procursus without bend. Females are externally possibly indistinguishable from putatively close relatives (species with a split procursus but without median sclerite in female internal genitalia: I. imale, I. guanambi sp. nov., I. capivara sp. nov., I. sertao); I. capivara seems to have longer legs (tibia 1> 1.4); I. sertao is distinguished by internal genitalia with distinct pair of convoluted tubes and by absence of large median expandable sac. Females of I. imale and I. guanambi may be morphologically indistinguishable from those of I. ramosae.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E87FFFB8F7F0FA55641B878E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material BRAZIL – Bahia • ♂ holotype; São Desiderio, Gruta das Pedras Brilhantes; 12.418 ° S, 45.075 ° W (see Remark below); 8 Jul. 2000; E. F. Ramos leg.; pitfall, caatinga; IBSP 28758; presumably lost – see section ‘ On lost types’ above. New material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♂, without legs; São Desiderio, near Gruta da Passagem; 12.4177 ° S, 45.0743 ° W; 535 m a. s. l.; 28 Aug. 2016; L. S. Carvalho and B. T. Faleiro leg.; CHNUFPI 3730 • 1 ♂, very damaged; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 3742 • 1 ♀, without legs; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 3728 • 1 ♀ (epigynum lost after clearing), 3 juvs; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 3748 • 1 ♀, without legs; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 3794 • 1 ♀, without legs; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 4195 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding but inside Gruta da Passagem; “ Carv 82 ”; CHNUFPI 3683 • 1 ♀, without legs; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 3782.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E87FFFB8F7F0FA55641B878E.taxon	discussion	Remark The coordinates of the type locality given in Huber & Brescovit (2003) are wrong. The exact coordinates are those given above. The specimens newly examined here are from a neighboring cave and its surrounding in the same outcrop, less than 100 m NE of Gruta das Pedras Brilhantes.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E87FFFB8F7F0FA55641B878E.taxon	description	Redescription of male (amendments, see Huber & Brescovit 2003) Measurements of male in CHNUFPI 3730: carapace width 0.72; chelicerae width: 0.30; distance PME – PME 60 µm; diameter PME 70 µm; distance PME – ALE 25 µm; distance AME – AME 15 µm; diameter AME 45 µm; sternum width / length: 0.47 / 0.42. Clypeus modified as usual in genus. Sternum with very low humps near coxae 1, not different from those in females. Tibia 1 in male in CHNUFPI 3742: 0.92; with numerous short vertical hairs on tibia 1. Palp as in Fig. 80; palpal femur retrolateral process distinct, not directed towards distal; femur-patella joints not shifted to one side; patella dorsally barely longer than medially wide; tibia-tarsus joints slightly shifted toward retrolateral side; procursus (Fig. 81 A – C) main branch subdistally a wide band, one side sclerotized, other side membranous; dorsal branch of procursus much shorter than main branch, slender and weakly curved; genital bulb (Fig. 81 D – F) with distinct prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, embolus with slender prolateral ridge. Description of female In general, similar to male but slightly darker, carapace also laterally sometimes with darker bands; clypeus unmodified; tibia 1 with few short vertical hairs; tibia 1 length in two females: 1.20, 1.23. Epigynum (Fig. 83 A – B) anterior plate trapezoidal, posterior margin almost straight, anteriorly with weakly curved, shallow pocket; posterior plate relatively small. Internal genitalia (Fig. 83 C – F) with pair of narrow pore plates laterally on curved membranous arc and very transparent and variably large anterior expandable membranous sac, possibly with lateral compartments or pouches.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E87FFFB8F7F0FA55641B878E.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from type locality and neighboring area only, in Bahia, Brazil (Fig. 74).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E87FFFB8F7F0FA55641B878E.taxon	discussion	Natural history The spiders were found under rocks of a secondary arboreous caatinga, inside and outside arenitic caves. The region is altered by cattle and grazing, decreasing habitat quality. One egg sac had a diameter of 2.0, was slightly flattened, and contained about 25 embryos.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E87CFF82F44EF96A65C686DB.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: EF 744 A 64 - 9 D 71 - 441 D-A 1 E 0 - F 212 ED 5 D 0 A 03 Figs 22 F, 23 F, 73 A, 74, 84 – 87; SEM Figs 5 A, E, 6 E – F, 9 E, 10 F, 12 E, 13 F, 14 F, 19 B, E, 20 A	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E87CFF82F44EF96A65C686DB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males are easily distinguished from known congeners by strongly curved main branch of procursus (Fig. 85 A – C; almost two turns; similar only in I. ramosae); also by distinctive ventral hump on genital bulb (arrow in Fig. 84 A). Females are externally possibly indistinguishable from putatively close relatives (species with a split procursus but without median sclerite in female internal genitalia: I. imale sp. nov., I. ramosae, I. guanambi sp. nov., I. capivara sp. nov.); internally, females of I. sertao sp. nov. are easily distinguished by genitalia with distinct pair of convoluted tubes (Fig. 86 C – E; similar only in I. naideae); from putatively close relatives also by absence of large median expandable sac.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E87CFF82F44EF96A65C686DB.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is derived from ‘ sertão’, the ‘ hinterland’ or ‘ backcountry’ of Brazil. Regular droughts make this an economically poor region, but rich in history and folklore, and home to most known species of Ibotyporanga; noun in apposition.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E87CFF82F44EF96A65C686DB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL – Pernambuco • ♂; NE of Lagoa Grande; 8.9117 ° S, 40.0547 ° W; 450 m a. s. l.; degraded thorny shrubland; 30 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and A. S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5923. Paratypes BRAZIL – Pernambuco • 4 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5924 – 5925 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; UFMG 31656 • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 9038 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24367]. Other material examined BRAZIL – Pernambuco • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5926 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 246; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ used for SEM] • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; W of Orocó; 8.6157 ° S, 39.6316 ° W; 370 m a. s. l.; thorny shrubland; 30 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and A. S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5927 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 9039 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24368] • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5928 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 248] • 1 ♂, 6 ♀♀; NE of Cabrobó; 8.420 ° S, 39.176 ° W; 450 m a. s. l.; bare rock fields with scattered shrubs; 2 Dec. 2022; B. A. Huber and A. S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5929 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 9040 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24369] • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, 2 juvs, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5930 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 253] • 1 juv., in pure ethanol, assigned tentatively (no adults available from this locality); NW of Cedro; 7.7056 ° S, 39.2442 ° W; 600 m a. s. l.; degraded hillside with shrubs and scattered trees; 1 Dec. 2022; B. A. Huber and A. S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5931 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 252]. – Ceará • 1 ♂; Crato, Sitio Fundão; 7.2345 ° S, 39.43845 ° W; 500 m a. s. l.; 4 Sep. 2016; L. S. Carvalho and R. Azevedo leg.; CHNUFPI 3966 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 3732. – Piauí • 2 ♂♂; Coronel José Dias, Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara, near Boqueirão do Ferreira; 8.7476 ° S, 42.4870 ° W; 585 m a. s. l.; 9 Dec. 2019; L. S. Carvalho leg.; “ Carv 74 ”; CHNUFPI 4046 • 1 ♀; Coronel José Dias, Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara; 8.7672 ° S, 42.5600 ° W; 520 m a. s. l.; Jun. 2012; L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 372 • 2 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, 2 juvs; São Raimundo Nonato, Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara, Baixão das Andorinhas; 8.8614 ° S, 42.6867 ° W; 470 m a. s. l.; 9 Dec. 2019; L. S. Carvalho leg.; “ Carv 72 ”; CHNUFPI 4045 • 1 ♀; Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara, Baixão das Andorinhas; 8.8625 ° S, 42.6873 ° W; 485 m a. s. l.; 15 Jul. 2023; L. S. Carvalho and E. G. Noetzold leg.; CHNUFPI 5015 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (female very large, possibly not conspecific); Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara, near Baixão das Andorinhas; 8.8605 ° S, 42.6863 ° W; 475 m a. s. l.; 8 Dec. 2019; L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 4044 • 3 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀, 9 juvs; Canto do Buriti, Anel Viário de Canto do Buriti, ‘ ponto 2 ’; 8.0842 ° S, 42.9709 ° W; 295 m a. s. l.; 16 Jul. 2023; L. S. Carvalho and E. G. Noetzold leg.; CHNUFPI 5016 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5019 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5020 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5024 • 1 ♀, 3 juvs; Canto do Buriti, Anel Viário de Canto do Buriti, ‘ ponto 1 ’; 8.0807 ° S, 42.9576 ° W; 305 m a. s. l.; 16 Jul. 2023; L. S. Carvalho and E. G. Noetzold leg.; CHNUFPI 5018 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Nazaré do Piauí, Fazenda Bela Vista; 7.0100 ° S, 42.6597 ° W; 140 m a. s. l.; 16 Oct. 2019; F. K. Ferreira leg.; CHNUFPI 4186 • 2 ♀♀, 1 juv.; Floriano, near Aeroporto de Floriano; 6.8506 ° S, 43.0823 ° W; 200 m a. s. l.; 21 Jul. 2023; L. S. Carvalho and A. Galleti-Lima leg.; CHNUFPI 5026 • 1 ♀, 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5050 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Floriano, Bairro Curtume, Residencial Angelim, in house; 6.7922 ° S, 43.0117 ° W; 190 m a. s. l.; 18 Dec. 2020; L. S. Carvalho leg.; “ Carv 60 ”; CHNUFPI 3508 • 1 ♂; Floriano, Bairro Via Azul, in house; 6.7827 ° S, 43.0179 ° W; 170 m a. s. l.; 26 Jun. 2019; L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 2893 • 2 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; 6 Jun. 2019; E. G. Noetzold leg.; CHNUFPI 2944 • 1 ♂; Floriano, Bairro Meladão, in house; 6.7836 ° S, 43.0399 ° W; 120 m a. s. l.; 1 Oct. 2013; L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 3959 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Floriano, Fazenda do Colégio Técnico de Floriano, margins of Rio Parnaíba; 6.7596 ° S, 43.0557 ° W; 105 m a. s. l.; 22 Jul. 2023; L. S. Carvalho et al. leg.; CHNUFPI 5052 • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, 7 juvs; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5054 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Castelo do Piauí, Fazenda Bonito, ECB Rochas Ornamentais do Brasil Ltda; 5.2266 ° S, 41.6970 ° W; 230 m a. s. l.; 23 Mar. 2018; L. S. Carvalho and R. Pinto-da-Rocha leg.; CHNUFPI 4041 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 5.2317 ° S, 41.7005 ° W; 220 m a. s. l.; 13 Sep. 2006; F. M. Oliveira-Neto leg.; MPEG 7965 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 20 Oct. 2005; F. M. Oliveira-Neto leg.; MPEG 11544 • 1 ♂; Teresina, Bairro Morada do Sol, in house; 5.0656 ° S, 42.7669 ° W; 115 m a. s. l.; 9 Jan. 2015; L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 1280 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 25 Oct. 2020; L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 3507 • 2 ♂♂; same locality as for preceding; 24 Nov. 2006; L. S. Carvalho leg.; MPEG 11545 • 1 ♀; Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades; 4.0944 ° S, 41.7315 ° W; 160 m a. s. l.; 21 Jun. 2007; M. P. Albuquerque leg.; MPEG 11546 • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 20 Jun. 2007; F. M. Oliveira-Neto leg.; MPEG 11547 • 1 ♀; São João da Fronteira, near Igreja do Padre; 3.9198 ° S, 41.2502 ° W; 385 m a. s. l.; 14 Feb. 2023; L. S. Carvalho and E. G. Noetzold leg.; CHNUFPI 5058 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 4 juvs; Piracuruca, roadside of BR 343; 3.7359 ° S, 41.6824 ° W; 60 m a. s. l.; 20 Feb. 2023; L. S. Carvalho and E. G. Noetzold leg.; CHNUFPI 5056 • 2 ♂♂; Cocal, near Ipuera, roadside of PI- 301; 3.3081 ° S, 41.4944 ° W; 90 m a. s. l.; 24 Apr. 2022; L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 4181 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 4185 • 1 subadult ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 4184 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 juv.; same locality as for preceding; 26 Oct. 2021; L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 4198 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 4190.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E87CFF82F44EF96A65C686DB.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 2.3, carapace width 0.80. Distance PME – PME 80 µm; diameter PME 80 µm; distance PME – ALE 30 µm; distance AME – AME 20 µm; diameter AME 60 µm. Leg 1: 4.66 (1.27 + 0.32 + 1.13 + 1.47 + 0.47), tibia 2: 0.97, tibia 3: 0.85, tibia 4: 1.25; tibia 1 L / d: 11; diameters of leg femora 0.18 – 0.19, of leg tibiae 0.10 – 0.11. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma ochre-yellow, carapace medially, ocular area and clypeus darker ochre, legs ochre, without darker rings; abdomen gray with dark internal marks dorsally and laterally; ventrally with light ochre plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 73 A. Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum wider than long (0.60 / 0.50), with distinct anterior processes near coxae 1, ~ 40 µm high, ~ 80 µm diameter at basis. Abdomen globular; gonopore with four epiandrous spigots in two groups (Fig. 5 A); spinnerets as in congeners (Fig. 6 E – F). CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 86 A – B; width 0.32; with short median frontal apophysis; stridulatory files (Fig. 10 F) distinct. PALPS. As in Fig. 84; coxa unmodified; trochanter with rounded ventral protrusion; femur proximally with distinct retrolateral process not directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints not shifted toward one side; patella dorsally slightly longer than medially wide; tibia-tarsus joints barely shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus without dorsal process, with small capsulate tarsal organ (Fig. 13 F); procursus (Fig. 85 A – C) with semitransparent pointed dorsal branch much shorter than main branch; main branch with light prolateral band, distally coiled; genital bulb with ventral hump (arrow in Fig. 84 A), distinct prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, embolus with slender prolateral ridge (Fig. 85 D – F). LEGS. Without spines but with longer and slightly stronger hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; with several rows of short vertical hairs on tibia 1; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 53 %; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~ 3 – 4 pseudosegments, distally distinct. Variation (male) Dark marks on prosoma variably distinct, legs ochre-yellow to ochre. Width of distal coil of procursus slightly variable, possibly artificially (compare Figs 84 C and 85 C, which are from same pedipalp). Ventral hump of bulb with variably distinct tiny tubercles. Tibia 1 in 38 other males: 1.03 – 1.43 (mean 1.17). One male from Floriano (CHNUFPI 5052) is unusually large (tibia 1 length 1.43, other males 1.03 – 1.30) but other than that, there is no indication that it might be misplaced in this species. The species delimitation analysis supported the conspecificity of the five sequenced specimens from five localities (Fig. S 7). The K 2 P distances among them ranged from 0.3 % to 4.2 % (Table S 1). Female In general, similar to male but slightly darker and dark marks more distinct; clypeus and sternum unmodified; tibia 1 with few vertical hairs; tibia 1 length in 58 females: 1.17 – 1.53 (mean 1.37); a few females from Serra da Capivara (CHNUFPI 372, 4044, 4045) and from Floriano (CHNUFPI 5054) are unusually large (tibia 1 length 1.54 – 1.83) but other than that, there is no indication that they might be misplaced in this species. Epigynum (Fig. 87 A – B) anterior plate semicircular to trapezoidal, posterior margin almost straight, with distinct anterior pocket (Fig. 5 E); posterior plate short and simple. Internal genitalia (Figs 86 C – E, 87 C – F) with pair of elongated pore plates posteriorly, with pair of convoluted membranous ducts originating from median membranous structure and leading into globular terminal sacs.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E87CFF82F44EF96A65C686DB.taxon	distribution	Distribution Widely distributed in Brazil, in the states of Pernambuco, Ceará, and Piauí (Fig. 74). The species does not seem to cross the São Francisco River into Bahia; we found it at several localities just north of the river in Pernambuco, but at none of four localities sampled just south of the river in Bahia.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E87CFF82F44EF96A65C686DB.taxon	discussion	Natural history At the type locality, the spiders were found in a highly degraded thorny shrubland along a dirt road (Fig. 23 F), where they were abundant under stones, together with another Ninetinae spider, an undescribed species of Kambiwa. The second locality listed above, W of Orocó, was a well-preserved caatinga; the same two species of Ninetinae were extremely abundant at this site. The third locality, NE of Cabrobó, was a large granite outcrop with scattered shrubs and stones on bare rock (Fig. 22 F); again, both species of Ninetinae shared the same microhabitat. In Floriano and Teresina, this species has also been found in and around houses, usually males wandering at night. Several specimens were found under arenite rocks in shrubby caatinga (São João da Fronteira and Canto do Buriti), arboreal caatinga (Crato) or cerrado sensu stricto vegetation (Castelo do Piauí, Cocal, and Piracuruca), with different levels of preservation. At Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara, the specimens were found among or under small pebbles in an arenite rock outcrop, at a preserved shrubby caatinga vegetation site. Eight egg sacs were round but slightly flattened, had diameters of 1.7 – 2.2, and egg diameters of 0.58 – 0.62; the total number of eggs per egg sac was estimated to be ~ 15 – 30.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E844FF8BF457FEB3622183A5.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: EE 1817 A 4 - 6 D 06 - 4480 - 9 F 80 - FE 8 EDDE 23 F 1 C Figs 22 D, 73 B – C, 74, 88 – 91; SEM Figs 2 E – F, 4 E, 6 B, 8 C – D, 9 F, 10 E, 11 C – D, 12 F, 13 D, 14 D, 15 B, 16 D, 18 D – E, 19 A	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E844FF8BF457FEB3622183A5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males are distinguished from most known congeners (except I. imale sp. nov.) by distal course of main procursus branch (Fig. 89 A – D; distal membranous part long, curved towards dorsal and proximal); from I. imale by dorsal process of procursus shorter, without distal bend (Fig. 89 C – D). Females are externally possibly indistinguishable from putatively close relatives (species with a split procursus but without median sclerite in female internal genitalia: I. imale, I. ramosae, I. capivara sp. nov., I. sertao sp. nov.); I. sertao is distinguished by internal genitalia with distinct pair of convoluted tubes and by absence of large median expandable sac. Females of I. ramosae and I. imale may be morphologically indistinguishable from those of I. guanambi sp. nov.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E844FF8BF457FEB3622183A5.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E844FF8BF457FEB3622183A5.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL – Bahia • ♂; N of Guanambi; 14.1797 ° S, 42.7812 ° W; 560 m a. s. l.; 12 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber, L. S. Carvalho and R. A. Torres leg.; CHNUFPI 5932. Paratypes BRAZIL – Bahia • 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 2 juvs; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5933 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; UFMG 31657 • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 9041 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24370] • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5934. Other material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • 2 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, 6 juvs, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5935 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 158; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ used for SEM] • 1 ♂; Guanambi, Fazenda do Seu Washington; 14.1830 ° S, 42.8128 ° W; 515 m a. s. l.; 12 Apr. 2015; L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 1496 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 3688 • 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 1543 • 1 ♂ 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; UFMG 17378 • 1 ♀; Caetité, Parque Eólico de Guanambi; 14.1116 ° S, 42.6077 ° W; 1000 m a. s. l.; 13 Apr. 2015; L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 3761. Assigned tentatively (see below) BRAZIL – Bahia • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; NE of Marcolino Moura; 13.5883 ° S, 41.6635 ° W; 630 m a. s. l.; 19 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 5936 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 9042 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24371] • 3 ♀♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5937 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 198] • 1 ♂; S of Contendas do Sincorá; 13.7826 ° S, 41.0507 ° W; 320 m a. s. l.; hillside with shrubby caatinga woodland on sandy soil; 11 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 5938 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24372] • 1 ♀; W of Mucugê, Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina; 13.0097 ° S, 41.4084 ° W; 1010 m a. s. l.; 19 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 5939.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E844FF8BF457FEB3622183A5.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 2.2, carapace width 0.82. Distance PME – PME 80 µm; diameter PME 75 µm; distance PME – ALE 30 µm; distance AME – AME 10 µm; diameter AME 70 µm. Leg 1: 4.77 (1.27 + 0.30 + 1.20 + 1.50 + 0.50), tibia 2: 0.93, tibia 3: 0.82, tibia 4: 1.23; tibia 1 L / d: 11; diameters of leg femora 0.19 – 0.20, of leg tibiae 0.11. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs mostly ochre-yellow, carapace medially with brown mark, legs with distinct dark rings on femora (subdistally) and tibiae (proximally and subdistally); abdomen pale gray with dark internal marks dorsally and laterally; ventrally with light ochre plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 73 B. Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum wider than long (0.56 / 0.46), with pair of very low and indistinct anterior processes near coxae 1. Abdomen globular; gonopore with four epiandrous spigots in two pairs (Fig. 4 E); spinnerets as in congeners (Fig. 8 C). CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 90 A – B; width 0.34; with strong median frontal apophysis; stridulatory files (Fig. 10 E) very fine and poorly visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS. As in Fig. 88; coxa unmodified; trochanter with rounded ventral protrusion; femur proximally with distinct retrolateral process directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick (Fig. 12 F), distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints not shifted toward one side; patella dorsally slightly longer than medially wide; tibia-tarsus joints barely shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus with small capsulate tarsal organ (Fig. 13 D), without dorsal process; procursus (Fig. 89 A – C) with short but wide dorsal branch; main branch with light prolateral band, length of distal transparent element 0.13; genital bulb (Fig. 89 E – G) with distinct prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, embolus with slender prolateral ridge. LEGS. Without spines but with longer and slightly stronger hairs ventrally on femora (Fig. 15 B); without curved hairs; with several rows of short vertical hairs on tibia 1 (Fig. 16 D); retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 51 %; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~ 3 – 4 pseudosegments, distally distinct. Variation (male) Dark mark on carapace and dark rings on legs variably distinct, sometimes also ocular area and clypeus dark. Tibia 1 in 12 other males from Guanambi area: 1.20 – 1.30 (mean 1.24). Males from NE of Marcolino Moura and from S of Contendas do Sincorá have seemingly identical chelicerae but slightly different palps (palpal tibiae slightly thicker: 0.26 vs 0.23; prolateral sclerite on genital bulb proximally narrower, distally wider; dorsal branch of procursus pointed and slightly longer: Fig. 89 D; tiny branch subdistally on main branch of procursus slightly more proximal: arrow in Fig. 89 D). Tibia 1 in four males from NE of Marcolino Moura and from S of Contendas do Sincorá: 1.23, 1.27, 1.30, 1.33. The species delimitation analysis slightly favors the idea that the sequenced specimen from Guanambi and the specimen from NE of Marcolino Moura are conspecific (Fig. S 7). The K 2 P distance between them was 8.7 %. Female In general, similar to male (Fig. 73 C) but slightly darker and dark marks more distinct; clypeus unmodified, chelicerae without stridulatory files (Fig. 9 F); tibia 1 with few vertical hairs; tibia 1 length in 22 females from Guanambi area: 1.13 – 1.63 (mean 1.40). Epigynum (Fig. 91 A) anterior plate oval to trapezoidal, posterior margin almost straight, with wide and shallow anterior pocket; posterior plate short and simple. Internal genitalia (Figs 90 C, 91 C – D) with pair of narrow and indistinct pore plates posteriorly, with complex system of membranous structures anteriorly. The females from NE of Marcolino Moura and from near Mucugê may be indistinguishable from those from the Guanambi area (Fig. 91 B, E – F). The internal genitalia appear identical except that the distance between pocket and internal folds appears larger (especially in the cleared female from NE of Marcolino Moura); however, this may in part be an artifact of preparation, in part due to slight variation in the shape of the anterior epigynal plate even within localities. Tibia 1 in seven females from NE of Marcolino Moura and from near Mucugê: 1.33 – 1.57 (mean 1.48).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E844FF8BF457FEB3622183A5.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from three localities in the Guanambi area in Brazil, Bahia, and from three localities 130 – 200 km NE of Guanambi (Fig. 74); however, all specimens other than those from the Guanambi area are assigned tentatively.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E844FF8BF457FEB3622183A5.taxon	discussion	Natural history The specimens from N of Guanambi were collected on a bare granite outcrop (Fig. 22 D) and in the neighboring woodland on clayish soil. Most specimens were found under stones lying on the bare granite outcrop. The specimens from NE of Marcolino Moura were collected on a bare hillside with rocks and thorny shrubs (caatinga) on clayish soil. The female from near Mucugê was found in shrubland at the base of a large granite outcrop. Seven egg sacs were round but slightly flattened, had diameters of 1.5 – 2.4, and egg diameters of 0.52 – 0.54; the total number of eggs per egg sac was estimated to be ~ 10 – 30.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E84FFF97F43EFD4E67AB8249.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 49 D 88912 - D 718 - 470 E-A 220 - 41291 C 2 C 50 FF Figs 74, 92 – 95	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E84FFF97F43EFD4E67AB8249.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males are easily distinguished from known congeners by very distal origin of dorsal branch of procursus (arrow in Fig. 93 C). Females are externally possibly indistinguishable from putatively close relatives (species with split procursus but without median sclerite in female internal genitalia: I. imale sp. nov., I. ramosae, I. guanambi sp. nov., I. sertao sp. nov.); I. ramosae and I. imale seem to have shorter legs (tibia 1 <1.4); I. sertao is distinguished by internal genitalia with distinct pair of convoluted tubes and by absence of large median expandable sac. Distinguished from I. ramosae, I. imale, and I. guanambi by larger pore plates not clearly integrated in internal genital arc (Figs 94 C, 95 D).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E84FFF97F43EFD4E67AB8249.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E84FFF97F43EFD4E67AB8249.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL – Piauí • ♂; Coronel José Dias, Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara, near Toca de Cima dos Pilões; 8.8635 ° S, 42.5571 ° W; 415 m a. s. l.; 15 Jul. 2023; L. S. Carvalho and E. G. Noetzold leg.; CHNUFPI 5021. Paratypes BRAZIL – Piauí • 1 ♀; together with holotype; CHNUFPI 5021 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5011. Other material examined BRAZIL – Piauí • 1 ♀, 1 juv.; Coronel José Dias, Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara, Trilha Interpretativa Hombu, mountain top; 8.8494 ° S, 42.5661 ° W; 550 m a. s. l.; 15 Jul. 2023; L. S. Carvalho and E. G. Noetzold leg.; CHNUFPI 5023.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E84FFF97F43EFD4E67AB8249.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 2.7, carapace width 0.95. Distance PME – PME 80 µm; diameter PME 100 µm; distance PME – ALE 30 µm; distance AME – AME 20 µm; diameter AME 80 µm. Leg 1: 6.22 (1.67 + 0.37 + 1.58 + 2.03 + 0.57), tibia 2: 1.30, tibia 3: 1.17, tibia 4: 1.67; tibia 1 L / d: 13; diameters of leg femora 0.21 – 0.22, of leg tibiae 0.12. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma pale ochre-yellow, carapace medially and clypeus darker, ocular area with dark median band; legs ochre-yellow with darker rings on femora (subdistally) and tibiae (proximally and subdistally); abdomen gray, dorsally and laterally with many dark internal marks; ventrally with ochre-yellow plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in I. sertao sp. nov. (cf. Fig. 73 A). Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum wider than long (0.64 / 0.54), with very low humps near coxae 1 not higher than in female. Abdomen globular. CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 94 A – B; with strong median frontal apophysis; stridulatory files large, ridges fine and poorly visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS. As in Fig. 92; coxa unmodified; trochanter with short rounded ventral protrusion; femur proximally with distinct retrolateral process directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened with low dorsal hump; femur-patella joints not shifted toward one side; patella dorsally ~ 1.6 × as long as medially wide; tibia-tarsus joints slightly shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus without dorsal process; procursus (Fig. 93 A – C) long and widely curved, with light prolateral band, distally split; genital bulb (Fig. 93 D – F) with distinct prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, embolus with slender prolateral ridge. LEGS. Without spines but with longer and slightly stronger hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; with several rows of short vertical hairs on tibia 1; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 57 %; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with 3 – 4 pseudosegments. Female In general, similar to male but clypeus unmodified; tibia 1 with few short vertical hairs. Tibia 1 length in three females: 1.43, 1.50, 1.50. Epigynum (Fig. 95 A) anterior plate semi-circular, with indistinct and shallow anterior pocket, posterior margin indented; posterior plate large but simple. Internal genitalia (Figs 94 C, 95 B – D) with large membranous expandable sac, pair of large pore plates posteriorly, and apparently with pair of lateral membranous sacs or pouches (bold arrow in Fig. 95 D).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E84FFF97F43EFD4E67AB8249.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from two neighboring localities in the Serra da Capivara, southern Piauí, Brazil (Fig. 74).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E84FFF97F43EFD4E67AB8249.taxon	discussion	Natural history The spiders were found under arenite rocks in primary arboreal caatinga vegetation, within a national park.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E853FF91F7F5FC2A656A80AC.taxon	description	Figs 23 D, G, 73 D, 96 – 100	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E853FF91F7F5FC2A656A80AC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Distinguished from similar congeners (with split procursus with long dorsal branch; long male palpal patella, i. e., dorsally> 1.8 × as long as medially wide; and median sclerite in female internal genitalia) by combination of: procursus main branch and dorsal branch proximally overlapping, i. e., without space between them in lateral view (Fig. 98 C); male palpal tarsus without dorsal hump or process; epigynum not particularly wide (width / length <1.9); and median sclerite in female internal genitalia with posterior narrowing (‘ neck’) (Fig. 99 C). From the very similar I. payaya sp. nov. by shorter cheliceral apophysis (compare Figs 99 B and 103 B), thicker main branch of procursus proximally (compare Figs 98 A and 102 A), and thinner prolateral sclerite on bulbous part of genital bulb (compare Figs 98 D and 102 D); females of these two species may be indistinguishable morphologically.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E853FF91F7F5FC2A656A80AC.taxon	materials_examined	Type material BRAZIL – Bahia • ♂, holotype; Central, [near] Toca do Índio; 11.0183 ° S, 42.1558 ° W; 12 – 18 Jul. 2000; E. F. Ramos and A. D. Brescovit leg.; pitfall, caatinga; IBSP 28760; presumably lost – see section ‘ On lost types’ above. New material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♂; near Mundinho, near Toca do Índio; 11.0195 ° S, 42.1564 ° W; 550 m a. s. l.; 24 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and A. S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5940 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 9044 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24373] • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5941 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 224] • 1 ♀; Serra do Pau D’Arco, near Toca do Índio; 11.0534 ° S, 42.1252 ° W; 605 m a. s. l.; 26 Aug. 2016; L. S. Carvalho and B. T. Faleiro leg.; CHNUFPI 3697 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 3800 • 1 ♂; Toca de Pilões; 11.0578 ° S, 42.1044 ° W; 6 Mar. 2002; E. Folly and S. F. Paula leg.; IBSP 55241 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 55250 • 1 ♂; W of Queimada Nova; 11.0343 ° S, 42.0682 ° W; 580 m a. s. l.; 25 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and A. S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5942 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24374] • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5943 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 226; female abdomen transferred to ZFMK Ar 24374] • 1 ♂; N of Itajubaquara; 11.3607 ° S, 42.6810 ° W; 840 m a. s. l.; 23 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and A. S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5944 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24375] • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; W of Bom Jesus da Lapa, Fazenda Pedra Branca; 13.315 ° S, 43.795 ° W; 470 m a. s. l.; 17 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 5945 • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, 4 juvs; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5946 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 9045 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24376] • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5947 • 2 ♀♀, 2 juvs, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5948 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 183] • 1 ♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5949 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 183 a] • 3 ♀♀, 1 juv., in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5950 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 185]. Assigned tentatively (no male available) BRAZIL – Bahia • 2 ♀♀; São Desiderio, inside Gruta dos Noivos; 12.4166 ° S, 45.0749 ° W; 555 m a. s. l.; 28 Aug. 2016; L. S. Carvalho and B. T. Faleiro leg.; CHNUFPI 3706, 3712.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E853FF91F7F5FC2A656A80AC.taxon	discussion	Remark The coordinates of the type locality given above (copied from Huber & Brescovit 2003) are apparently not correct. We visited this exact spot in 2022 but found no cave or shelter in this place. We were not able to identify the exact location of Toca do Índio.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E853FF91F7F5FC2A656A80AC.taxon	description	Redescription Male (ZFMK Ar 24374) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 1.7, carapace width 0.72. Distance PME – PME 55 µm; diameter PME 55 µm; distance PME – ALE 20 µm; distance AME – AME 15 µm; diameter AME 40 µm. Leg 1: 4.03 (1.10 + 0.30 + 1.00 + 1.20 + 0.43), tibia 2: 0.87, tibia 3: 0.63, tibia 4: 1.23; tibia 1 L / d: 11; diameters of leg femora 0.18, of leg tibiae 0.09 – 0.10. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs mostly ochre-yellow, carapace posteriorly medially slightly darker, femora and tibiae with indistinct darker subdistal rings on femora and tibiae; abdomen pale gray with many darker internal marks dorsally and laterally; ventrally with indistinct light ochre plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 73 D. Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum slightly wider than long (0.48 / 0.45), with pair of very low and indistinct humps near coxae 1 not different from those of female. Abdomen globular. CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 99 A – B; width 0.29; with short median frontal apophysis; stridulatory files very fine and poorly visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS. As in Fig. 97; coxa unmodified; trochanter with short ventral protrusion; femur proximally with distinct retrolateral process directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints not shifted toward one side; patella dorsally ~ 1.9 × as long as medially wide; tibia with two trichobothria in very proximal position; tibia-tarsus joints slightly shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus without dorsal process; procursus (Fig. 98 A – C) long and slender, with long dorsal branch proximally very close to main branch, distally in dorsal view S-shaped; main branch with light prolateral band, with tiny subdistal side branch (130 µm from tip), distal tip membranous, strongly curved towards dorsal and prolateral; genital bulb (Fig. 98 D – F) with narrow but distinct prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, embolus very simple, with indistinct processes. LEGS. Without spines but with longer hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; with several rows of short vertical hairs on tibiae 1 and 2; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 59 %; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~ 4 – 5 pseudosegments, distally fairly distinct. Variation (male) Tibia 1 in nine newly examined males: 0.90 – 1.02 (mean 0.96); in holotype: 0.84; in six other males examined previously (Huber & Brescovit 2003): 0.88 – 0.96. Dark rings on legs sometimes barely visible or absent. The species delimitation analysis (Fig. S 7) suggested a possible split between the sequenced specimens from near Toca do Índio and those from Fazenda Pedra Branca. The K 2 P distance between them was 14.1 %. However, no morphological differences were found between males from these two localities. Female In general, similar to male but with slightly darker legs, ocular area, and clypeus; clypeus unmodified; leg tibiae with few short vertical hairs; tibia 1 length in 17 newly examined females: 0.88 – 1.17 (mean 1.00); in three other females examined previously (Huber & Brescovit 2003): 0.88 – 0.96. Epigynum (Fig. 100 A – C) anterior plate trapezoidal to oval, posterior margin almost straight, with weakly curved and shallow pocket near anterior margin; posterior plate wide but short. Internal genitalia (Figs 99 C, 100 D – E) with median sclerotized structure, distinct pair of pore plates, and large expandable anterior sac. The females from São Desiderio are assigned tentatively because no males are available from this locality. One female was cleared, and the internal genitalia (not figured) appear essentially identical to those of two cleared females from Serra do Calcário. In a cleared female from Fazenda Pedra Branca, the median internal genital sclerite appears slightly longer than in females from Serra do Calcário.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E853FF91F7F5FC2A656A80AC.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from several localities in Brazil, Bahia (Fig. 96 A); females from São Desiderio are assigned tentatively, see above.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E853FF91F7F5FC2A656A80AC.taxon	discussion	Natural history The newly collected spiders from near Toca do Índio and from W of Queimada Nova were found under rocks in thorny woodland (Fig. 23 G). At both localities, the microhabitat was shared with Ibotyporanga diroa. At Fazenda Pedra Branca (Fig. 23 D), the spiders were found in the leaf litter of a thorny shrubland (caatinga) on sandy soil. Here, the microhabitat was shared with another Ninetinae spider, an undescribed representative of Kambiwa. North of Itajubaquara, the single male was found under a stone, in degraded shrubland with scattered trees; the habitat was shared with I. itajubaquara sp. nov. Three egg sacs were round but slightly flattened, had diameters of ~ 1.6, and egg diameters of ~ 0.54 – 0.58; the total number of eggs per egg sac was ~ 15 – 20.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E855FF9DF448FE56642E856A.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 0 E 6 F 5 ADF-E 85 F- 4 C 0 E-AC 40 - FD 6788 F 3 E 1 CE Figs 96, 101 – 104; SEM Figs 2 G, 3 A – B, 4 F, 5 D, 6 D, 8 E – F, 12 A – B, 13 E, 14 E, 16 E, 18 G	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E855FF9DF448FE56642E856A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Distinguished from similar congeners (with split procursus with long dorsal branch; long male palpal patella, i. e., dorsally> 1.8 × as long as medially wide; and sclerite in female internal genitalia) by combination of: procursus main branch and dorsal branch proximally overlapping, i. e., without space between them in lateral view (Fig. 102 C); male palpal tarsus without dorsal hump or process; epigynum not particularly wide (width / length <1.9); and median sclerite in female internal genitalia with posterior narrowing (‘ neck’) (Fig. 103 C). Distinguished from very similar I. emekori by longer cheliceral apophysis (compare Figs 99 B and 103 B), thinner main branch of procursus proximally (compare Figs 98 A and 102 A), and wider prolateral sclerite on bulbous part of genital bulb (compare Figs 98 D and 102 D); females of these two species may be indistinguishable morphologically. Distinguished from the very similar I. atikum sp. nov. also by main procursus branch in dorsal view wider (compare Figs 102 B and 110 B) and epigynal pocket straighter and indistinct (compare Figs 103 C and 111 C).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E855FF9DF448FE56642E856A.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name honors the Payayá, an indigenous people of Brazil that lives in Bahia; noun in apposition.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E855FF9DF448FE56642E856A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL – Bahia • ♂; SE of Bom Jesus da Lapa, ‘ site 1 ’; 13.4398 ° S, 43.1643 ° W; 520 m a. s. l.; 18 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 5951. Paratypes BRAZIL – Bahia • 4 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5952 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; UFMG 31658 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 9046 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24377] • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5953. Other material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5954 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 192; one female abdomen transferred to ZFMK Ar 24377; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ used for SEM] • 1 ♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for holotype but ‘ site 2 ’, 13.4383 ° S, 43.1645 ° W; 480 m a. s. l.; CHNUFPI 5955 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 193].	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E855FF9DF448FE56642E856A.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 2.0, carapace width 0.75. Distance PME – PME 55 µm; diameter PME 70 µm; distance PME – ALE 20 µm; distance AME – AME 15 µm; diameter AME 45 µm. Leg 1: 4.25 (1.13 + 0.27 + 1.10 + 1.30 + 0.45), tibia 2: 0.90, tibia 3: 0.85, tibia 4: 1.28; tibia 1 L / d: 11; diameters of leg femora 0.17 – 0.18; of leg tibiae 0.10. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs ochre-yellow, carapace medially with darker band; legs without darker rings; abdomen gray with many darker internal marks; ventrally with light ochre plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in I. emekori (cf. Fig. 73 D). Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove (Fig. 3 A). Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum wider than long (0.52 / 0.44), with very low and indistinct anterior processes near coxae 1 not different from those in female. Abdomen globular; gonopore with four epiandrous spigots in two groups (Fig. 4 F); spinnerets as in congeners (Figs 6 D, 8 E). CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 103 A – B; width 0.30; with long median frontal apophysis; stridulatory files very fine and poorly visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS. As in Fig. 101; coxa unmodified; trochanter with short ventral process; femur proximally with distinct retrolateral process slightly directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints not shifted toward one side; patella dorsally ~ 2.0 × as long as medially wide; tibia with two trichobothria in relatively proximal position; tibia-tarsus joints slightly shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus with small capsulate tarsal organ (Fig. 13 E), without dorsal process; procursus (Fig. 102 A – C) with long dorsal branch distally curved towards prolateral, main branch with light prolateral band, with short subdistal side-branch (Fig. 12 A – B), distally transparent and curved towards prolateral; genital bulb (Fig. 102 D – F) with distinct prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, embolus very simple, with indistinct processes. LEGS. Without spines but with longer hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; with short vertical hairs on tibiae 1 and 2 (Fig. 16 E); retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 60 %; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~ 3 – 4 pseudosegments, only distally distinct. Variation (male) Tibia 1 in ten males (incl. holotype): 1.00 – 1.17 (mean 1.10). Female In general, similar to male but clypeus unmodified, leg tibiae with few vertical hairs. Tibia 1 in seven females: 1.03 – 1.20 (mean 1.07). Epigynum (Fig. 104 A) anterior plate trapezoidal to semicircular, posterior margin straight to weakly indented, with indistinct and shallow anterior pocket (Fig. 5 D); posterior plate large but simple. Internal genitalia (Figs 103 C, 104 B – D) with pair of elongated pore plates posteriorly, median sclerite with posterior constriction, and very thin-walled large anterior expandable membranous sac.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E855FF9DF448FE56642E856A.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from type locality only, in Brazil, Bahia (Fig. 96 A).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E855FF9DF448FE56642E856A.taxon	discussion	Natural history Most specimens were found under rocks and in dead pieces of wood in an arboreous caatinga neighboring a large granite outcrop. The granite outcrop itself was occupied by two other species of Ninetinae tentatively placed in Kambiwa. One single female was found at the neighboring roadside, in the leaf litter among low shrubs and grasses. This site was mainly occupied by a different species of Ibotyporanga, I. atikum sp. nov., and we cannot confidently dismiss the possibility that this single female got mislabeled and also originated from the first site.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E859FF98F458FB0E64D68283.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 7 CF 18804 - 6 D 45 - 45 AC- 9 FA 6 - F 0 BB 03 C 4028 E Figs 73 E, 96, 105 – 108	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E859FF98F458FB0E64D68283.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males are easily distinguished from known congeners by long process on palpal tarsus (arrow in Fig. 106 C) and by wide distance between main and dorsal branches of procursus (Fig. 106 C); also by widened tip of dorsal branch of procursus (Fig. 106 A – C). Females differ from known congeners by shape of epigynum (Fig. 108 A – C; triangular rather than trapezoidal or oval, with distinct posterior indentation) and by internal sclerite with long stalk (Figs 107 D, 108 D – G).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E859FF98F458FB0E64D68283.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name honors the Tuxá, an indigenous people of Brazil that lives in Bahia; noun in apposition.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E859FF98F458FB0E64D68283.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL – Bahia • ♂; W of Barra do Mendes, Ipupiara, at BA- 046; 11.794 ° S, 42.288 ° W; 810 m a. s. l.; bare rock field with scattered shrubs; 21 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and A. S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5956. Paratypes BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♂, 7 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5957 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; UFMG 31659 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 9047 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24378] • 2 ♂♂; same locality as for holotype but 250 m NW; 11.7930 ° S, 42.2901 ° W; 765 m a. s. l.; 25 Aug. 2016; L. S. Carvalho and B. T. Faleiro leg.; CHNUFPI 3669, 3776 • 5 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 3696, 3716, 3717, 3738, 3756 • 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 3795. Other material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♂ 10 ♀♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5958 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 204; two female abdomens transferred to ZFMK Ar 24378]. Assigned tentatively (no males available) BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♀; NW of Ibipeba; 11.540 ° S, 42.170 ° W; 590 – 640 m a. s. l.; hillside with scattered trees and thorny shrubs; 22 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and A. S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5959 • 1 ♀, without legs, possibly mislabeled; São Desiderio, inside Gruta dos Noivos; 12.4166 ° S, 45.0749 ° W; 555 m a. s. l.; 28 Aug. 2016; L. S. Carvalho and B. T. Faleiro leg.; CHNUFPI 3659.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E859FF98F458FB0E64D68283.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 2.3, carapace width 0.85. Distance PME – PME 60 µm; diameter PME 75 µm; distance PME – ALE 20 µm; distance AME – AME 25 µm; diameter AME 45 µm. Leg 1: 4.65 (1.20 + 0.30 + 1.25 + 1.45 + 0.45), tibia 2: 1.05, tibia 3: 1.00, tibia 4: 1.45; tibia 1 L / d: 11; diameters of leg femora 0.21 – 0.22, of leg tibiae 0.10 – 0.11. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs light ochre, leg femora and tibiae distally slightly darkened; abdomen pale gray with indistinct darker internal marks; ventrally with light ochre plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 73 E. Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with thick sclerotized rim with median notch (Fig. 107 A). Sternum slightly wider than long (0.56 / 0.52), with pair of very low and indistinct anterior humps near coxae 1. Abdomen globular. CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 107 B – C; with long median frontal apophysis; stridulatory files very fine and poorly visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS. As in Fig. 105; coxa unmodified; trochanter with short ventral process; femur proximally with distinct retrolateral process directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints not shifted toward one side; patella dorsally ~ 1.9 × as long as medially wide; tibia with two trichobothria in relatively proximal position; tibia-tarsus joints barely shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus with distinct finger-shaped dorsal process; procursus (Fig. 106 A – C) with long dorsal branch widely separated in lateral view from main branch; dorsal branch slightly flattened (wider in dorsal view than in lateral view) and distally S-shaped, with widened and sclerotized tip; main procursus branch with light prolateral band, distally slender and transparent; genital bulb (Fig. 106 D – F) with prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, embolus with dorsal ridge curved towards prolateral. LEGS. Without spines but with longer and slightly stronger hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; apparently without short vertical hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 60 %; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~ 4 – 5 indistinct pseudosegments. Variation (male) Tibia 1 in six males (incl. holotype): 1.10 – 1.30 (mean 1.20). Female In general, similar to male but slightly darker (prosoma and legs mostly light brown rather than light ochre), carapace medially darker, ocular area and clypeus darker, leg femora and tibiae distally not darkened; slightly larger than males (total body length ~ 2.5) and with slightly longer legs: tibia 1 in 21 females: 1.25 – 1.55 (mean 1.42); sternum unmodified. Epigynum (Fig. 108 A – B) anterior plate roughly triangular with rounded edges, posterior margin indented, with wide and shallow anterior pocket; posterior plate large but simple. Internal genitalia (Figs 107 D, 108 D – E) with pair of narrow pore plates posteriorly, median sclerite with long posterior stalk, and very thin-walled large membranous expandable sac. The females from NW of Ibipeba and from São Desiderio are assigned tentatively because no males are available from these localities; the female from NW of Ibipeba has slightly shorter legs (tibia 1: 1.15); all legs are missing in the female from São Desiderio. The epigyna of both females appear indistinguishable from those of topotypical females (Fig. 108 C); the same is true for the cleared genitalia of the female from São Desiderio (Fig. 108 F – G; the female from NW of Ibipeba was not cleared).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E859FF98F458FB0E64D68283.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from type locality in Brazil, Bahia, and from two further localities ~ 30 km NNE and 310 km E, respectively, of the type locality (Fig. 96 A); however, the specimens (only females) from the latter two localities are assigned tentatively. The female from São Desiderio is possibly mislabeled.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E859FF98F458FB0E64D68283.taxon	discussion	Natural history At the type locality, the spiders were found under stones lying on a large rock plateau with very sparse vegetation. Females were very abundant and did either not move upon turning the stone or ran a short distance and quickly stopped when reaching a small depression on the stone. Males appeared less abundant and were much quicker at escaping. Many females were carrying an egg sac. Nine egg sacs from the type locality were round but slightly flattened, had diameters of 1.8 – 2.6, and egg diameters of 0.54 – 0.60; the total number of eggs per egg sac was ~ 30 – 40.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E85CFF65F448FC66664982FB.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: B 16 F 11 B 4 - 492 F- 4487 - A 28 D- 20 E 8 AF 0 A 8 BAA Figs 23 C, 96, 109 – 112	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E85CFF65F448FC66664982FB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Distinguished from similar congeners (with split procursus with long dorsal branch; long male palpal patella, i. e., dorsally> 1.8 × as long as medially wide; and sclerite in female internal genitalia) by combination of: procursus main branch and dorsal branch proximally overlapping, i. e., without space between them in lateral view (Fig. 110 C); male palpal tarsus with very low dorsal hump (arrow in Fig. 110 C); embolus with distinctive dorsal apophysis (arrow in Fig. 110 E); and median sclerite in female internal genitalia very simple, almost rectangular (Fig. 112 C – D). Distinguished from the very similar I. payaya sp. nov. also by main procursus branch in dorsal view narrower (compare Figs 102 B and 110 B), shorter cheliceral apophysis (compare Figs 103 B and 111 B), and epigynal pocket more curved and distinct (compare Figs 103 C and 111 C).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E85CFF65F448FC66664982FB.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name honors the Atikum, an indigenous people of Brazil that lives in Bahia and Pernambuco; noun in apposition.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E85CFF65F448FC66664982FB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL – Bahia • ♂; SE of Bom Jesus da Lapa, ‘ site 2 ’; 13.4383 ° S, 43.1645 ° W; 480 m a. s. l.; 18 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 5960. Paratypes BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5961 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 9048 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24379] • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5962.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E85CFF65F448FC66664982FB.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 1.7, carapace width 0.73. Distance PME – PME 45 µm; diameter PME 70 µm; distance PME – ALE 25 µm; distance AME – AME 20 µm; diameter AME 35 µm. Leg 1: 4.03 (1.07 + 0.27 + 1.03 + 1.23 + 0.43), tibia 2: 0.83, tibia 3: 0.77, tibia 4: 1.20; tibia 1 L / d: 11; diameters of leg femora 0.17; of leg tibiae 0.09 – 0.10. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs ochre-yellow, carapace medially with darker Y-mark and posterior narrow band, leg femora and tibiae subdistally slightly darkened; abdomen gray with many darker internal marks; ventrally with light ochre plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in I. ouro sp. nov. (cf. Fig. 73 G). Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum wider than long (0.52 / 0.42), with very low and indistinct anterior processes near coxae 1 not different from those in female. Abdomen globular. CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 111 A – B; width 0.29; with relatively short median frontal apophysis; stridulatory files very fine and poorly visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS. As in Fig. 109; coxa unmodified; trochanter with short ventral process; femur proximally with distinct retrolateral process directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints not shifted toward one side; patella dorsally ~ 2.0 × as long as medially wide; tibia with two trichobothria in relatively proximal position; tibia-tarsus joints barely shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus with very low dorsal hump (arrow in Fig. 110 C); procursus (Fig. 110 A – C) with long dorsal branch distally curved towards prolateral, main branch with light prolateral band, subdistal short side-branch, distally slender and transparent; genital bulb (Fig. 110 D – F) with narrow prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, embolus with distinctive dorsal sclerite. LEGS. Without spines but with longer hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; with short vertical hairs on tibia 1; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 60 %; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~ 3 – 4 pseudosegments, only distally distinct. Variation (male) Tibia 1 in second male: 1.18; dark rings on legs slightly more distinct in second male. Female In general, similar to male but clypeus unmodified, tibia 1 with few vertical hairs. Tibia 1 in three females: 1.07, 1.17, 1.23. Epigynum (Fig. 112 A) anterior plate roughly semi-circular, posterior margin weakly indented, with distinct and strongly curved anterior pocket; posterior plate large but simple. Internal genitalia (Figs 111 C, 112 B – D) with pair of oval pore plates posteriorly, strongly sclerotized median structure, and very thin-walled large anterior expandable membranous sac.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E85CFF65F448FC66664982FB.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from type locality only, in Brazil, Bahia (Fig. 96 A).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E85CFF65F448FC66664982FB.taxon	discussion	Natural history The spiders were collected in the leaf litter of degraded roadside vegetation, among low shrubs and grasses. On the neighboring granite outcrop, we found a different species of Ibotyporanga, I. payaya sp. nov.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8A0FF6FF445F9B964CC8338.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 7 CCAD 29 A- 4 A 21 - 46 C 0 - 9312 - F 6324 D 66 B 228 Figs 23 E, 73 F, 96, 113 – 116	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8A0FF6FF445F9B964CC8338.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Distinguished from similar congeners (with split procursus with long dorsal branch; long male palpal patella, i. e., dorsally> 1.8 × as long as medially wide; wide epigynum, i. e.,> 1.9 × as wide as long; distinct epigynal pocket, i. e., narrow and relatively deep; and sclerite in female internal genitalia) by combination of: procursus main and dorsal branches proximally not overlapping, i. e., with space between them in lateral view (Fig. 114 C); male palpal tarsus with small dorsal hump (arrow in Fig. 114 C); and median sclerite in female internal genitalia without posterior constriction (Figs 115 C, 116 B – C); from I. itajubaquara sp. nov. also by cheliceral apophysis (Fig. 115 B; more pointing downwards and with stronger tip); from I. ouro sp. nov. also by smaller distance between dorsal and main branches of procursus (compare Figs 114 C and 118 C); from I. canudos sp. nov. also by simple evenly curved tip of dorsal branch of procursus (compare Figs 114 C and 126 C). Females of I. kiriri sp. nov. may be indistinguishable morphologically from females of I. itajubaquara, I. ouro, and I. canudos sp. nov.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8A0FF6FF445F9B964CC8338.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name honors the Kiriri, an indigenous people of Eastern Brazil; noun in apposition.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8A0FF6FF445F9B964CC8338.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL – Bahia • ♂; SE of Paramirim; 13.550 ° S, 42.202 ° W; 590 – 640 m a. s. l.; 18 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 5963. Paratypes BRAZIL – Bahia • 5 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5964 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; UFMG 31660 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 9049 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24380] • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5965. Other material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • 4 ♀♀, 1 juv., in pure ethanol; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5966 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 195] • 6 ♀♀; NE of Brumado; 14.1601 ° S, 41.5154 ° W; 470 m a. s. l.; 11 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and L. S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 5967 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 9050 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24381] • 4 ♀♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5968 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 154]. Assigned tentatively (see Variation below) BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♂; Abaira, Cachoeira da Samambaia, Rio Catolés; 13.3060 ° S, 41.8544 ° W; 1160 m a. s. l.; 4 Nov. 2013; L. S. Carvalho and M. B. da Silva leg.; CHNUFPI 3965.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8A0FF6FF445F9B964CC8338.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 1.9, carapace width 0.77. Distance PME – PME 50 µm; diameter PME 70 µm; distance PME – ALE 25 µm; distance AME – AME 15 µm; diameter AME 45 µm. Leg 1: 4.19 (1.13 + 0.25 + 1.07 + 1.27 + 0.47), tibia 2: 0.88, tibia 3: 0.83, tibia 4: 1.27; tibia 1 L / d: 10; diameters of leg femora 0.18 – 0.19; of leg tibiae 0.10 – 0.11. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs ochre-yellow, carapace medially with Y-shaped line but without darker band; legs with darker rings subdistally on femora and tibiae; abdomen gray with many darker internal marks; ventrally with light ochre plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 73 F. Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum wider than long (0.56 / 0.46), with very low and indistinct anterior processes near coxae 1 not different from those in female. Abdomen globular. CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 115 A – B; width 0.29; with short median frontal apophysis; stridulatory files very fine and poorly visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS. As in Fig. 113; coxa unmodified; trochanter with short rounded ventral process; femur proximally with distinct retrolateral process directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints not shifted toward one side; patella dorsally ~ 1.85 × as long as medially wide; tibia with two trichobothria in relatively proximal position; tibia-tarsus joints slightly shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus with small dorsal hump; procursus (Fig. 114 A – C) split into long dorsal and main (ventral) branches; dorsal branch narrow in lateral view, wider in dorsal view, distally only slightly curved towards prolateral; main branch with light prolateral band, wider in lateral view than in dorsal view, with small subdistal side-branch, distally transparent and curved backwards; genital bulb (Fig. 114 D – F) with prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, embolus tip simple, without distinctive sclerotized elements. LEGS. Without spines but with longer hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; with short vertical hairs on tibiae 1 and 2; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 60 %; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~ 3 – 4 pseudosegments, only distally distinct. Variation (male) Tibia 1 in five males (incl. holotype): 1.00 – 1.07 (mean 1.04). The single male from near Catolés has essentially identical palps (both shape and size) but the cheliceral apophysis is slenderer in lateral view (maximum height ~ 80 µm versus> 100 µm in other males). It is therefore assigned tentatively; the first legs of this male are missing. Female In general, similar to male but ocular area and clypeus slightly darker, legs without or with indistinct dark rings, clypeus unmodified, leg tibiae with few vertical hairs. Tibia 1 in 21 females: 1.00 – 1.30 (mean 1.14); females from NE of Brumado tend to have shorter legs than topotypical females: ten females from NE of Brumado: 1.00 – 1.13 (mean 1.08); eleven females from SE of Paramirim: 1.07 – 1.30 (mean 1.20). Epigynum (Fig. 116 A) anterior plate short and wide, posterior margin weakly indented, with distinct anterior pocket; posterior plate large but simple. Internal genitalia (Figs 115 C, 116 B – D) with strongly sclerotized median structure and very thin-walled large anterior membranous expandable sac; pore plates elongated, integrated into posterior arc. Internal genitalia in one cleared female from NE of Brumado as in cleared topotypical female.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8A0FF6FF445F9B964CC8338.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from three localities in southern central Bahia, Brazil (Fig. 96 B).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8A0FF6FF445F9B964CC8338.taxon	discussion	Natural history At the type locality, the spiders were collected on a hillside with bare granite outcrops and in the neighboring thorny shrubland on clayish soil (Fig. 23 E). They were found both under rocks in areas fully exposed to the sun and in dead pieces of wood and cacti in the shrubland. The second locality (NE of Brumado) was a marble outcrop surrounded by arboreous caatinga on clayish soil; most specimens were found by turning rocks in the shrubland. At both localities, the microhabitat was shared with another species of Ninetinae tentatively placed in Kambiwa. Three egg sacs had diameters of ~ 1.8 and contained ~ 15 – 18 eggs each, with egg diameters of 0.55 – 0.57.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8ABFF6CF476FDD9649784D4.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: F 163 AD 8 E- 9921 - 4 EC 6 - 9032 - E 1 F 39 ED 7 F 1 F 5 Figs 73 G, 96, 117 – 120	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8ABFF6CF476FDD9649784D4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Distinguished from similar congeners (with split procursus with long dorsal branch; long male palpal patella, i. e., dorsally> 1.8 × as long as medially wide; wide epigynum, i. e.,> 1.9 × as wide as long; distinct epigynal pocket, i. e., narrow and relatively deep; and sclerite in female internal genitalia) by combination of: procursus main and dorsal branches proximally with relatively wide space between them in lateral view (Fig. 118 C); male palpal tarsus with large dorsal hump (arrow in Fig. 118 C); and median sclerite in female internal genitalia without posterior constriction (Figs 119 C, 120 B – C); from I. itajubaquara sp. nov. and I. kiriri sp. nov. also by tip of dorsal branch of procursus with distinct ‘ buckle’, i. e., not evenly curved (Fig. 118 C). Females of I. ouro sp. nov. may be indistinguishable morphologically from females of I. itajubaquara, I. kiriri, and I. canudos sp. nov.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8ABFF6CF476FDD9649784D4.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8ABFF6CF476FDD9649784D4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL – Bahia • ♂; E of Gentio do Ouro; 11.4242 ° S, 42.3394 ° W; 550 m a. s. l.; 22 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and A. S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5969. Paratypes BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5970 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; UFMG 31661 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 9051 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24382]. Other material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♂, 7 ♀♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5971 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 209].	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8ABFF6CF476FDD9649784D4.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 1.9, carapace width 0.78. Distance PME – PME 60 µm; diameter PME 70 µm; distance PME – ALE 25 µm; distance AME – AME 15 µm; diameter AME 45 µm. Leg 1: 4.40 (1.17 + 0.27 + 1.12 + 1.37 + 0.47), tibia 2: 0.93, tibia 3: 0.87, tibia 4: 1.30; tibia 1 L / d: 11; diameters of leg femora 0.18 – 0.19; of leg tibiae 0.10. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma ochre-yellow, carapace medially with narrow darker Y-mark, ocular area and clypeus not darkened; legs ochre, with indistinct darker rings subdistally on femora and tibiae; abdomen gray with indistinct darker internal marks; ventrally with barely visible light ochre plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 73 G. Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum wider than long (0.56 / 0.46), with very low and indistinct anterior processes near coxae 1 only slightly higher than in female. Abdomen globular. CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 119 A – B; width 0.305; with short median frontal apophysis; stridulatory files very fine and poorly visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS. As in Fig. 117; coxa unmodified; trochanter with short ventral process; femur proximally with distinct retrolateral process slightly directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints not shifted toward one side; patella dorsally ~ 1.9 × as long as medially wide; tibia with two trichobothria in relatively proximal position; tibia-tarsus joints slightly shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus with strong dorsal hump (arrow in Fig. 118 C); procursus (Fig. 118 A – C) split into long dorsal and main (ventral) branches; dorsal branch narrow in lateral view, slightly wider in dorsal view, distally with distinctive ‘ buckle’ and slightly curved towards prolateral; main branch with light prolateral band, wider in lateral view than in dorsal view, with tiny subdistal side-branch, distally transparent and curved backwards; genital bulb (Fig. 118 D – F) with prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, embolus tip simple, without distinctive sclerotized elements. LEGS. Without spines but with longer hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; with short vertical hairs on tibiae 1 and 2; retrolateral trichobothrium of left tibia 1 at 63 %, of right tibia 1 at 59 %; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~ 3 – 4 pseudosegments, only distally distinct. Variation (male) Tibia 1 in three other males: 1.07, 1.10, 1.20. Dark rings on legs variably distinct. Female In general, similar to male but clypeus unmodified, leg tibiae with few vertical hairs. Tibia 1 in 13 females: 1.03 – 1.35 (mean 1.20). Epigynum (Fig. 120 A) anterior plate wide and short, posterior margin barely indented, with distinct anterior pocket; posterior plate large but simple. Internal genitalia (Figs 119 C, 120 B – C) with strongly sclerotized median structure and very thin-walled large anterior membranous expandable sac; pore plates narrow, at posterior margin of internal arc.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8ABFF6CF476FDD9649784D4.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from the type locality only, in Bahia, Brazil (Fig. 96 B).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8ABFF6CF476FDD9649784D4.taxon	discussion	Natural history The type locality is a hill at the roadside with thorny shrubs, with the soil covered by a thin layer of small stones. The spiders were found under these stones. Two egg sacs had diameters of 1.7 and 2.0 and contained ~ 20 and 30 eggs each, with egg diameters of 0.54 – 0.56.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8AFFF77F414FEB363C2841F.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 7 D 8 BA 391 - 1 F 21 - 45 B 4 - B 226 - 1 E 033 A 14 EEA 1 Figs 96, 121 – 124	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8AFFF77F414FEB363C2841F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Distinguished from similar congeners (with split procursus with long dorsal branch; long male palpal patella, i. e., dorsally> 1.8 × as long as medially wide; wide epigynum, i. e.,> 1.9 × as wide as long; distinct epigynal pocket, i. e., narrow and relatively deep; and sclerite in female internal genitalia) by combination of: procursus main and dorsal branches proximally not overlapping, i. e., with space between them in lateral view (Fig. 122 C); male palpal tarsus with large dorsal hump (bold arrow in Fig. 122 C); and median sclerite in female internal genitalia without posterior constriction (Figs 123 C, 124 D – G); from I. kiriri sp. nov. also by cheliceral apophysis (Fig. 123 B; directed more forwards and with more slender tip); from I. canudos sp. nov. and I. ouro sp. nov. also by simple evenly curved tip of dorsal branch of procursus, i. e., without ‘ buckle’ (Fig. 122 C). Females of I. itajubaquara sp. nov. may be indistinguishable morphologically from females of I. kiriri, I. ouro, and I. canudos.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8AFFF77F414FEB363C2841F.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8AFFF77F414FEB363C2841F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL – Bahia • ♂; N of Itajubaquara; 11.3607 ° S, 42.6810 ° W; 840 m a. s. l.; 23 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and A. S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5972. Paratypes BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5973 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 9052 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24383]. Other material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♀, 1 juv., in pure ethanol; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5974 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 212; female abdomen transferred to ZFMK Ar 24383] • 1 ♂; NW of Gameleira do Assuruá; 11.1942 ° S, 42.7165 ° W; 640 m a. s. l.; 23 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and A. S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5975 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 9053 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24384] • 2 juvs, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5976 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 216].	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8AFFF77F414FEB363C2841F.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 1.9, carapace width 0.73. Distance PME – PME 65 µm; diameter PME 70 µm; distance PME – ALE 25 µm; distance AME – AME 20 µm; diameter AME 45 µm. Leg 1: 4.17 (1.13 + 0.30 + 1.03 + 1.28 + 0.43), tibia 2: 0.87, tibia 3: 0.80, tibia 4: 1.20; tibia 1 L / d: 10; diameters of leg femora 0.18 – 0.20; of leg tibiae 0.10 – 0.11. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs ochre-yellow, carapace medially with darker Y-mark, legs without darker rings; abdomen pale gray with many darker internal marks; ventrally with light ochre plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in I. ouro sp. nov. (cf. Fig. 73 G). Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum wider than long (0.54 / 0.47), with very low and indistinct anterior processes near coxae 1 not different from those of female. Abdomen globular. CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 123 A – B; width 0.32; with strong median frontal apophysis; stridulatory files very fine and poorly visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS. As in Fig. 121; coxa unmodified; trochanter with short ventral process; femur proximally with distinct retrolateral process directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints not shifted toward one side; patella dorsally ~ 1.9 × as long as medially wide; tibia with two trichobothria in relatively proximal position; tibia-tarsus joints slightly shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus with strong dorsal hump (bold arrow in Fig. 122 C); procursus (Fig. 122 A – C) with long dorsal branch distally flattened (wider in dorsal than in lateral view), main branch with light prolateral band, tiny subdistal side-branch, distally transparent and curved backwards; genital bulb (Fig. 122 D – F) with prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, embolus tip simple, without distinctive sclerotized elements. LEGS. Without spines but with longer hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; with short vertical hairs on tibiae 1 and 2; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 60 %; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~ 3 – 4 pseudosegments, only distally distinct. Variation (male) Tibia 1 in three other males: 0.97, 1.07, 1.07. The species delimitation analysis (Fig. S 7) suggested a possible split between the sequenced specimen from N of Itajubaquara and the specimen from NW of Gameleira do Assuruá. The K 2 P distance between them was 10.2 %. However, no morphological differences could be found in males. Female In general, similar to male but clypeus unmodified, tibia 1 with few vertical hairs. Tibia 1 in three females: 1.07, 1.13, 1.17. Epigynum (Fig. 124 A – C) anterior plate trapezoidal, posterior margin almost straight, with distinct anterior pocket; posterior plate large but simple. Internal genitalia (Figs 123 C, 124 D – E) with pair of elongated pore plates posteriorly, strongly sclerotized median structure, and very thin-walled large anterior membranous expandable sac. In the cleared female from NW of Gameleira do Assuruá, the internal sclerotized median structure is longer than in the cleared female from the type locality (Fig. 124 F – G). Since males from the two localities appear indistinguishable, this is here interpreted to represent intraspecific variation.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8AFFF77F414FEB363C2841F.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from two neighboring localities (distance 19 km) in Brazil, Bahia (Fig. 96 B).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8AFFF77F414FEB363C2841F.taxon	discussion	Natural history At the type locality, the spiders were found under rocks fully exposed to the sun in a degraded shrubland with scattered trees. Upon turning the rocks, the spiders ran extremely fast and were thus difficult to catch. At the second locality, a rocky outcrop with thorny shrubs and trees, the spiders were mostly found under rocks, one female under the bark of a dead branch lying on the ground.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8B3FF7FF460FAFA66AA85A3.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: E 4 DFC 4 B 5 - 599 A- 4 B 8 D-AA 79 - C 2 E 974 F 23449 Figs 22 E, 23 H, 73 H, 96, 125 – 128; SEM Figs 3 C – D, 5 B, F, 9 C – D, 12 C – D, 16 F, 17 F, 18 H, 20 B	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8B3FF7FF460FAFA66AA85A3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Distinguished from similar congeners (with split procursus with long dorsal branch; long male palpal patella, i. e., dorsally> 1.8 × as long as medially wide; wide epigynum, i. e.,> 1.9 × as wide as long; distinct epigynal pocket, i. e., narrow and relatively deep; and sclerite in female internal genitalia) by combination of: procursus main and dorsal branches proximally not overlapping, i. e., with space between them in lateral view (Fig. 126 C); male palpal tarsus with large dorsal hump (arrow in Fig. 126 C); and median sclerite in female internal genitalia without posterior constriction (Figs 127 C, 128 D – G); from I. itajubaquara sp. nov. and I. kiriri sp. nov. also by tip of dorsal branch of procursus with distinct ‘ buckle’, i. e., not evenly curved (Fig. 126 C); from I. ouro sp. nov. also by smaller distance between dorsal and main branches of procursus (compare Figs 118 C and 126 C). Females of I. canudos sp. nov. may be indistinguishable morphologically from females of I. itajubaquara, I. ouro, and I. kiriri.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8B3FF7FF460FAFA66AA85A3.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name remembers the autonomous movement at Canudos (now flooded by the Cocorobó Dam), which was the scene of violent clashes between peasants and police in the 1890 s. Eventually, the Brazilian army killed the survivors and destroyed the village; noun in apposition.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8B3FF7FF460FAFA66AA85A3.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL – Bahia • ♂; 25 km WNW of Morro do Chapéu; 11.475 ° S, 41.369 ° W; 760 m a. s. l.; 26 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and A. S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5977. Paratypes BRAZIL – Bahia • 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5978 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; UFMG 31662 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 9054 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24385]. Other material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♂, 7 ♀♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5979 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 230] • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; 16 km SW of Morro do Chapéu, at Buraco do Possidônio; 11.6467 ° S, 41.2713 ° W; 970 m a. s. l.; 27 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and A. S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5980 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5981 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 233] • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; 16 km SW of Morro do Chapéu, near Buraco do Possidônio; 11.6473 ° S, 41.2694 ° W; 980 m a. s. l.; 3 Sep. 2015; L. S. Carvalho and G. Santana leg.; CHNUFPI 3700 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding but 5 Sep. 2015; CHNUFPI 3961, 3963 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 3962, 4204 • 2 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; 10 km SW of Morro do Chapéu; 11.6130 ° S, 41.2339 ° W; 1010 m a. s. l.; 27 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and A. S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5982 • 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 1 juv., in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5983 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 234; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ used for SEM] • 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; 5 km NE of Morro do Chapéu; 11.5034 ° S, 41.1281 ° W; 980 m a. s. l.; 27 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and A. S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5984 • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 9064 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24386] • 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5985 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 235] • 1 ♂, 7 ♀♀; SE of Lagoa do Boi; 11.942 ° S, 41.717 ° W; 840 m a. s. l.; 21 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and A. S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5986 • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 9065 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24387] • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 3 juvs, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5987 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 203] • 4 ♀♀; NW of Ibipeba; 11.540 ° S, 42.170 ° W; 590 – 640 m a. s. l.; 22 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and A. S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5988 • 4 ♀♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5989 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 208] • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; 4 km SW of Andorinha; 10.3668 ° S, 39.8636 ° W; 470 m a. s. l.; 28 – 29 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber and A. S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5990 • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5992 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24388] • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, 1 juv., in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5991 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22 - 239]. Assigned tentatively (no males available) BRAZIL – Bahia • 2 ♀♀; 14 km ESE of Central, rural area near BA- 052; 11.1703 ° S, 41.9827 ° W; 770 m a. s. l.; 25 Aug. 2016; L. S. Carvalho and B. T. Faleiro leg.; CHNUFPI 3715, 3766.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8B3FF7FF460FAFA66AA85A3.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 1.7, carapace width 0.77. Distance PME – PME 55 µm; diameter PME 70 µm; distance PME – ALE 30 µm; distance AME – AME 20 µm; diameter AME 40 µm. Leg 1: 4.14 (1.13 + 0.30 + 1.03 + 1.25 + 0.43), tibia 2: 0.90, tibia 3: 0.83, tibia 4: 1.28; tibia 1 L / d: 10; diameters of leg femora 0.18 – 0.19; of leg tibiae 0.10. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma ochre-yellow, carapace medially with narrow darker band, ocular area and clypeus not darkened; legs ochre, with darker rings subdistally on femora and tibiae (darkening gradually towards distal rather than distinct rings); abdomen gray with many darker internal marks; ventrally with light ochre plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 73 H. Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum wider than long (0.52 / 0.46), with very low and indistinct anterior processes near coxae 1 not different from those in female. Abdomen globular. CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 127 A – B; width 0.28; with strong but short median frontal apophysis; stridulatory files very fine and poorly visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS. As in Fig. 125; coxa unmodified; trochanter with short rounded ventral process; femur proximally with distinct retrolateral process slightly directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints not shifted toward one side; patella dorsally ~ 1.9 × as long as medially wide; tibia with two trichobothria in relatively proximal position; tibia-tarsus joints slightly shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus with large dorsal hump (arrow in Fig. 126 C); procursus (Fig. 126 A – C) split into long dorsal and main (ventral) branches; dorsal branch narrow in lateral view, wide in dorsal view, distally with distinctive ‘ buckle’ and slightly curved towards prolateral; main branch with light prolateral band, slightly wider in lateral view than in dorsal view, with tiny subdistal side-branch, distally transparent and curved backwards; genital bulb (Fig. 126 D – F) with prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, embolus tip simple, without distinctive sclerotized elements. LEGS. Without spines but with longer hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; with short vertical hairs on tibiae 1 and 2; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 59 %; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~ 3 – 4 pseudosegments, only distally distinct. Variation (male) Tibia 1 in 36 males (incl. holotype): 0.90 – 1.17 (mean 1.01). The species delimitation analysis (Fig. S 7) suggested a possible split between the sequenced specimen from SW of Andorinha and the other three sequenced specimens; the respective K 2 P distances ranged from 10.1 to 12.1 %. However, no morphological differences could be found, neither in males nor in females. Female In general, similar to male but ocular area and clypeus slightly darker, legs darker ochre but without or with less distinct dark rings, clypeus unmodified, leg tibiae with few vertical hairs. Tibia 1 in 63 females: 0.98 – 1.30 (mean 1.11). Epigynum (Fig. 128 A – C) anterior plate much wider than long, posterior margin weakly indented, with distinct narrow anterior pocket; posterior plate large but simple. Internal genitalia (Figs 127 C, 128 D – G) with strongly sclerotized median structure and very thin-walled large anterior expandable membranous sac; pore plates elongate, integrated into posterior arc.	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8B3FF7FF460FAFA66AA85A3.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from several localities in northeastern central Bahia, Brazil (Fig. 96 B).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
552AE709E8B3FF7FF460FAFA66AA85A3.taxon	discussion	Natural history At the type locality, a hillside with rocky fields, the spiders were found under rocks on soil; in a neighboring area with stones on a flat rock outcrop they were not found. At Buraco do Possidônio, the spiders were beaten out of a dead bromeliad and from dead wood lying on the ground in savanna with shrubs and scattered trees. NE of Morro do Chapéu, most specimens were beaten out of large tree trunks lying on bare rock (Fig. 22 E). SE of Lagoa do Boi, they were also beaten out of dead wood in a highly degraded savanna with scattered trees and shrubs. SW of Morro do Chapéu, the spiders were abundant under rocks from road construction in the roadside shrubland (Fig. 23 H). NW of Ibipeba, they were found under rocks on a hillside with scattered trees and thorny shrubs. SW of Andorinha, they were found in dead wood on a hillside with thorny shrubs and scattered trees. When beaten out of their shelters, the spiders either feigned death or they ran rapidly until touching a piece of ‘ dirt’ where they stopped abruptly. None of the habitats was shared with another species of Ninetinae. Eleven egg sacs had diameters of 1.6 – 2.0 and contained ~ 12 – 25 eggs each (mean ~ 20), with egg diameters of 0.56 – 0.58. Sampling biases On average, points of occurrences of Ibotyporanga representatives are located at 0.51 (± 0.94) km from access routes (Fig. 129). This distance is significantly smaller (d. f. = 1, F = 23.14, p <0.000) than distances to random points selected at a 20 km radius buffer around the points of occurrences (1.40 ± 1.87 km). Localities more than 1.89 km from access routes were less sampled than expected by chance (Fig. 129). The extent of occurrence (EOO) of Ibotyporanga species varied from 0.13 to 4 955 630 km ² (median = 10 449 km ²; see Table S 2). When I. naideae was excluded from the analysis, the proximity of access routes did not significantly explain the EOO (d. f. = 1, F = 0.086, p = 0.776; Fig. S 10). Ibotyporanga naideae had a much larger EOO and mean distance of records from access routes (n = 57; 5.8 ± 28.7 km; see Table S 2), compared to the other species. Including this synanthropic and widespread species in the analysis resulted in a significant relation between EOO and distance from access routes (d. f. = 1, F = 56.721, p <0.000). The environmental niche occupied by Ibotyporanga species from Brazil shows a low overlap with records of species from Colombia and Venezuela, suggesting that these taxa occupy slightly different environments (Fig. 130). The first principal component (PC) explained 38.0 % of the variance (Table S 3), being positively related to the mean temperature of the coldest quarter, the mean temperature of the driest quarter and the annual mean temperature (Table S 4). The second PC explained 22.5 % of the variation (Table S 3), being positively associated with the precipitation of the driest quarter, the precipitation of the driest month and the aridity index (Table S 4). The species distribution modeling (SDM) was based on four principal components that encompassed 86.0 % of the predictor layers’ variation (see Tables S 5 – S 7). Three areas with higher relative occurrence rate were identified: (1) the Caatinga and Cerrado provinces in northeastern Brazil; (2) the Western Ecuador and Ecuadorian provinces; and (3) the Venezuelan province (Fig. 131). Not included in these areas are the type-locality of I. kanoe sp. nov. in the state of Rondônia and several localities with records of I. naideae, even in natural environments (Fig. 131). Although the ordination showed a low overlap between Brazilian and non-Brazilian species and the SDM did not support a high relative occurrence rate for the Colombian and Venezuelan points of occurrences, the environmental niche of Ibotyporanga evolved following the expectations of a Brownian motion in all analyzed scenarios (see Tables S 8 – S 10). Karyology The testes of the analyzed males contained both spermatogonial mitoses and meiotic cells. Both species analyzed had the same diploid number (30) (Fig. 132 B, H) and sex chromosome system X 1 X 2 X 3 Y (Fig. 132 G – H). Metaphases of spermatogonial mitosis were composed of 30 chromosomes including the Y chromosome (Fig. 132 A – B). The two studied species differed in the size of this element. While it was a small chromosome in both species, it was much bigger in I. naideae (2.8 + 0.61 µm, n = 4; Fig. 132 A) than in Ibotyporanga sp. (0.98 + 0.12 µm, n = 7; Fig. 132 B). The Y chromosome of I. naideae was metacentric and slightly positively heteropycnotic (i. e., stained more intensively than the other chromosomes) in some mitotic plates (Fig. 132 A). The morphology of this element was not resolved in Ibotyporanga sp. In the interphase nucleus before meiosis, sex chromosomes formed a positively heteropycnotic, highly condensed mass at the periphery of the nucleus. In addition to this mass, some nuclei included a rod-shaped element exhibiting a slight positive heteropycnosis (Fig. 132 C). The early prophase of the first meiotic division (leptotene-pachytene) was followed by a stage characterized by a considerable decondensation of chromosome pairs (so-called diffuse stage). On the contrary, the sex chromosomes were positively heteropycnotic and highly condensed, forming a cluster or body at the periphery of the nucleus. One bivalent often showed positive heteropycnosis (Fig. 132 D – E). Late prophase I and metaphase I contained 13 bivalents, each with one chiasma. Although the sex chromosomes were considerably decondensed at these stages (Fig. 132 F), the mode of their pairing was evident in some plates. Each X chromosome formed a loop, which paired by its ends with a Y chromosome (Fig. 132 G). In late prophase I, a large bivalent exhibited positive heteropycnosis except for the chiasma region (Fig. 132 F). Two types of metaphases II were found, one with 14 chromosomes including the Y chromosome, the other with 16 chromosomes including the three X chromosomes (Fig. 132 H). The morphology of the chromosomes in metaphase II shows that most if not all chromosomes are biarmed. The X chromosomes did not differ in condensation intensity from the other chromosomes at this stage (Fig. 132 H). In contrast to this, the Y chromosome was positively heteropycnotic in some metaphases II of I. naideae (Fig. 132 I).	en	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S. (2024): Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments. European Journal of Taxonomy 963: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427
