identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
799F3DDED43650AD99702B31F5F4C577.text	799F3DDED43650AD99702B31F5F4C577.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Micropsectra bodanica Reiss 1969	<div><p>Micropsectra bodanica Reiss, 1969</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>• 1 male, Lake Vinderel (M 2), 1 July 2023 .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Palaearctic. The species has so far been recorded from only a few countries, such as Germany, Austria, and Portugal, with its occurrence in Corsica and Slovakia not yet confirmed (Moubayed-Breil and Ashe 2012; Novikmec et al. 2015).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Ecological requirements of the species are still inadequately understood. Reiss (1969) considered the species (together with M. attenuata) as cold stenothermic and polyoxybiontic, typically inhabiting mosses on stones in springs and the upper stretches of streams (see also Langton and Visser 2003). Records of the pupal exuviae of M. attenuata / bodanica in the Western Carpathians come from headwater streams (one even artificially modified) with stony bottoms but without moss growths (Novikmec et al. 2015). It can be assumed that the collected adult male comes from a spring or small stream flowing in Lake Vinderel.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Since the pupal exuviae of M. bodanica are indistinguishable from those of M. attenuata (Langton and Visser 2003), the first record of M. bodanica based on an adult male in Romania is particularly valuable.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/799F3DDED43650AD99702B31F5F4C577	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bitušík, Peter;Slobodníková, Veronika;Novikmec, Milan;Dudáš, Adam;Hamerlík, Ladislav	Bitušík, Peter, Slobodníková, Veronika, Novikmec, Milan, Dudáš, Adam, Hamerlík, Ladislav (2025): Chironomidae (Diptera) from mountain lakes of the Eastern Carpathians, Romania: First records and insight into diversity. ZooKeys 1233: 107-123, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.142856
58C99E7F6BE954C69EC8758B77861E14.text	58C99E7F6BE954C69EC8758B77861E14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Micropsectra notescens (Walker 1856)	<div><p>Micropsectra notescens (Walker, 1856)</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>• 26 pupal exuviae, Lake Buhaescu 2 (R 10), 5 July 2023 • 22 pupal exuviae, Lake Buhaescu 3 (R 11), 5 July 2023 .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Palaearctic. Widespread in Europe including the Canary Islands (Langton and Visser 2003); also recorded in Morocco (Kettani and Langton 2011).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Traditionally, the species is considered cold stenothermic and polyoxybiontic (Säwedal 1976). It has been documented in mountain, boreal and woodland springs and spring brooks (Orendt 2000; Ilmonen et al. 2009; Lencioni et al. 2012), as well as alpine lakes and ponds (Bitušík et al. 2006; Oertli et al. 2010; Lods-Crozet et al. 2012). However, data from low-altitude streams suggest a wider temperature tolerance (Móra and Szivák 2012). Its presence in temporary habitats, such as fountains (Oboňa et al. 2017) and temporarily flooded wetlands (Lundström et al. 2010), indicates a high distribution potential of females.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The presence of M. notescens in Romania has already been reported by Säwedal (1976) based on two males collected by Andrzej Kownacki from the Fagaras Mts. However, the species is not listed in the latest checklist of Romanian Chironomidae (Tatole 2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/58C99E7F6BE954C69EC8758B77861E14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bitušík, Peter;Slobodníková, Veronika;Novikmec, Milan;Dudáš, Adam;Hamerlík, Ladislav	Bitušík, Peter, Slobodníková, Veronika, Novikmec, Milan, Dudáš, Adam, Hamerlík, Ladislav (2025): Chironomidae (Diptera) from mountain lakes of the Eastern Carpathians, Romania: First records and insight into diversity. ZooKeys 1233: 107-123, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.142856
7A2889B95B8B5AC4ABE1B1CC2FDD01A8.text	7A2889B95B8B5AC4ABE1B1CC2FDD01A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procladius (Holotanypus) sagittalis (Kieffer 1909)	<div><p>Procladius (Holotanypus) sagittalis (Kieffer, 1909)</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>• 11 pupal exuviae, 1 male, Lake Vartopul 1 (M 3), 1 July 2024 • 25 pupal exuviae, 2 pupae, 1 pharate adult – male, Lake Vartopul 2 (M 4), 1 July 2024 .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Palaearctic and Oriental. Distributed from Europe and North Africa through Iran to Japan and the Russian Far East. One record is known from China (Ashe and O’Connor 2009; de Jong 2016).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Generally, larvae of the subgenus Holotanypus are dwellers of stagnant and slow flowing waters regardless of size or volume. Langton (1991) noted that P. sagittalis typically occurs in shallow water under 2 m deep, which aligns with the findings from small-volume habitats (e. g., Velasco et al. 1993; Hirabayashi et al. 2004). However, the species has also been recorded from artificial ponds and reservoirs, as well as from backwaters, and large rivers (Bitušík 1993; Evrard 1994; Móra et al. 2010; Quintana et al. 2018). It should be noted that ecological information on the species could be more accurate if the identification of the preimaginal stages were more reliably resolved.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Identification of the pupal exuviae, and even adult males of Procladius (Holotanypus) is extremely challenging (Vallenduuk and Moller Pillot 2007). The extended key for exuvia (Langton et al. 2013) is not reliably applicable to Procladius material collected from the Maramures lakes due to the variability of the tergite armament. Notably, the distinctive “ fish scale ” armament typical of P. choreus can also appear in some specimens of Procladius Pe 3. The parameters of the thoracic horns appear to be more reliable characteristics for identification.</p><p>Thus, we propose a model that classifies input data with 97 % accuracy, achieving 100 % for P. sagittalis and 96 % for P. choreus . Based on the decision tree trained on our dataset, we constructed an identification key for distinguishing the aforementioned Procladius species (Table 2). We are aware of the tentative nature of the key and acknowledge that a larger dataset would improve the tuning and evaluation of the proposed system. Therefore, the proposed key should be used with great caution.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A2889B95B8B5AC4ABE1B1CC2FDD01A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bitušík, Peter;Slobodníková, Veronika;Novikmec, Milan;Dudáš, Adam;Hamerlík, Ladislav	Bitušík, Peter, Slobodníková, Veronika, Novikmec, Milan, Dudáš, Adam, Hamerlík, Ladislav (2025): Chironomidae (Diptera) from mountain lakes of the Eastern Carpathians, Romania: First records and insight into diversity. ZooKeys 1233: 107-123, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.142856
30538B478AF755DD83F4AB0EDDFEB427.text	30538B478AF755DD83F4AB0EDDFEB427.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procladius (Holotanypus) simplicistilus Freeman 1948	<div><p>Procladius (Holotanypus) simplicistilus Freeman, 1948</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>• 1 pharate adult – male, Lake Gargalau 3 (R 5), 6 July 2023 .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Palaearctic. The species was recorded only from a few countries in West and North Europe, but also from the Far East of Russia (Ashe and O’Connor 2009).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>The ecological requirements of this species are not sufficiently known because of the problematic identification of the pre-imaginal stages. Generally, larvae inhabit stagnant waters, they are resistant to low pH values (Murray and Baars 2006; Perova 2008; Baars et al. 2014) and salinity (Kawai et al. 2000).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>An adult male with associated exuviae confirms the presence of the species in Romania.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/30538B478AF755DD83F4AB0EDDFEB427	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bitušík, Peter;Slobodníková, Veronika;Novikmec, Milan;Dudáš, Adam;Hamerlík, Ladislav	Bitušík, Peter, Slobodníková, Veronika, Novikmec, Milan, Dudáš, Adam, Hamerlík, Ladislav (2025): Chironomidae (Diptera) from mountain lakes of the Eastern Carpathians, Romania: First records and insight into diversity. ZooKeys 1233: 107-123, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.142856
15DC5A89B836545E80EC66F868F7B2FB.text	15DC5A89B836545E80EC66F868F7B2FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psectrocladius (Allopsectrocladius) platypus (Edwards 1929)	<div><p>Psectrocladius (Allopsectrocladius) platypus (Edwards, 1929)</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>• 64 pupal exuviae, 1 pharate adult – male, Lake Vartopul 2 (M 4), 1 July 2024 • 1 pupal exuviae, Taul Hardau (R 3), 6 July 2023 .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Palaearctic. Known from several European countries, as well as Turkey and Algeria (Ashe and O’Connor 2009).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>The species is typical of small, acidic, stagnant waters in moorlands and peat bogs. In addition to tolerating low pH, it can withstand low oxygen levels in polyhumic waters; however, larvae are also found in lake littorals and small streams with slow currents (Moller Pillot 2013 and references therein). In the Western Carpathians, pupal exuviae were collected from a small, non-acid sub-alpine lake (Bitušík et al. 2006). The species is frequently recorded in temporary pools and ponds (e. g., Bazzanti et al. 1997; Puntí et al. 2007), as well as ephemeral waters (Moller Pillot 2003), indicating relatively high dispersal potential of females.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The findings indicate the humic conditions of Taul Hardau and suggest at least partial drying of Lake Vartopul 2.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/15DC5A89B836545E80EC66F868F7B2FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bitušík, Peter;Slobodníková, Veronika;Novikmec, Milan;Dudáš, Adam;Hamerlík, Ladislav	Bitušík, Peter, Slobodníková, Veronika, Novikmec, Milan, Dudáš, Adam, Hamerlík, Ladislav (2025): Chironomidae (Diptera) from mountain lakes of the Eastern Carpathians, Romania: First records and insight into diversity. ZooKeys 1233: 107-123, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.142856
A52EE1ACC97552809868FAC173A110B9.text	A52EE1ACC97552809868FAC173A110B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psectrocladius (Psectrocladius) oligosetus Wuelker 1956	<div><p>Psectrocladius (Psectrocladius) oligosetus Wuelker, 1956</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>• 26 pupal exuviae, Taul Hardau (R 3), 6 July 2023 ; 59 pupal exuviae, Taul Muced (R 12), 7 July 2023 • 1 pupal exuviae, Lake Gargalau 1 (R 7), 6 July 2023 .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Palaearctic. Recorded from several European countries ranging from the south (Sicily) to the north (Scandinavia) and from the west (Ireland) to the eastern part of Russia (Ashe and O’Connor 2009).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Cold-stenothermic species occurring in lakes in mountain regions (e. g., Laville and Vinçon 1986, Bitušík et al. 2007, Boggero 2018), although Rieradevall et al. (2007) found it in intermittent mountain headstreams. The species shows an apparent affinity for low pH humic waters (e. g., Ruse 2002; Bitušík and Svitok 2006; Moller Pillot 2013; Bitušík et al. 2020).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This finding, along with an earlier record from Ukraine (Bitušík et al. 2020), partially fills the distribution gap of the species extending from the Baltic republics across Poland to the Balkans.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A52EE1ACC97552809868FAC173A110B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bitušík, Peter;Slobodníková, Veronika;Novikmec, Milan;Dudáš, Adam;Hamerlík, Ladislav	Bitušík, Peter, Slobodníková, Veronika, Novikmec, Milan, Dudáš, Adam, Hamerlík, Ladislav (2025): Chironomidae (Diptera) from mountain lakes of the Eastern Carpathians, Romania: First records and insight into diversity. ZooKeys 1233: 107-123, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.142856
3659ACC231E05EBD8AAB9C0811B8D253.text	3659ACC231E05EBD8AAB9C0811B8D253.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synendotendipes lepidus (Meigen 1830)	<div><p>Synendotendipes lepidus (Meigen, 1830)</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>• 4 males, 1 female, Lake Gargalau 3 (R 5), 6 July 2023 .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Palaearctic. Widespread in Europe (Ashe and Cranston 1984, Moller Pillot 2009), and it has been reported from Turkey (Ozbek et al. 2018) and the Russian Far East (Orel 2016).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>The species has been recorded mainly from stagnant waters regardless of size and trophic status. Lundström et al. (2010) collected adults from temporary wetlands, and there are data from lowland brooks (Ozbek et al. 2018). Like other species of the genus, it tolerates acid conditions of peatland pools (Plóciennik et al. 2018). According to Moller Pillot (2009), the larvae are miners in the tissues of Nuphar lutea . However, they evidently utilize other types of littoral vegetation, such as sedges, since N. lutea does not occur in the studied lakes.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Species of the genus Synendotendipes are indistinguishable as pupal exuviae, so it is not possible to confirm if Synendotendipes pupal exuviae recorded in other lakes also belong to S. lepidus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3659ACC231E05EBD8AAB9C0811B8D253	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bitušík, Peter;Slobodníková, Veronika;Novikmec, Milan;Dudáš, Adam;Hamerlík, Ladislav	Bitušík, Peter, Slobodníková, Veronika, Novikmec, Milan, Dudáš, Adam, Hamerlík, Ladislav (2025): Chironomidae (Diptera) from mountain lakes of the Eastern Carpathians, Romania: First records and insight into diversity. ZooKeys 1233: 107-123, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.142856
79090BE0B43A5757ACFDFCCDC9265525.text	79090BE0B43A5757ACFDFCCDC9265525.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tanytarsus miriforceps (Kieffer 1921)	<div><p>Tanytarsus miriforceps (Kieffer, 1921)</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>• 13 pupal exuviae, 1 adult – male, Taul Stiol (R 4), 3 July 2023 • 110 pupal exuviae, 1 pharate adult – male, 1 adult – male, Lake Lala Mica (R 2), 4 July 2023 .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Holarctic. The species is widespread across Europe, primarily in northern and western countries (Ashe and Cranston 1984; de Jong 2016), with recent records in Poland, Montenegro and European Russia (Gilka and Dominiak 2007; Krasheninnikov 2014; Gadawski et al. 2022). It is also known from Canada (de Jong 2016); and the Far East (Orel 2018).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Current data indicate that this species is a limnobiont inhabiting lakes mainly at high altitudes and high latitudes (except for Lake Skadar), suggesting a preference for low temperatures (e. g., Verneaux and Aleya 1999).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The species exhibits symptoms of glacial relictualism as already suggested by Reiss and Fittkau (1971) and Reiss (1984).</p><p>The collection of floating chironomid pupal exuviae from the lakes in this study provides an excellent basis for the chironomid inventory of the area. For species identification, exuviae are sometimes even more useful than adults (Prat et al. 2016). However, it should be noted that our species inventory from a “ snapshot ” survey cannot be comprehensive, as not all species present in a site emerge simultaneously. Even though the collection was conducted during a period suitable for recording most species (Wilson and Ruse 2005; own data), we believe that the absence of cold-stenothermic species / genera in our collection is due to their early spring emergence.</p><p>Compared to some Central and East European countries, such as Hungary, Ukraine, Czechia, Slovakia, and Poland, the Romanian chironomid fauna is relatively well-studied. The latest checklist of the family from Romania (Tatole 2023) includes 517 species, with recent records of nine additional species raising this total to 526. This number could be even higher if species within the genus Limnophyes and some Chironomus species could be reliably identified.</p><p>A detailed examination of the chorological data in the aforementioned checklist reveals a lack of records from the Rodna and Maramures Mountains. Chironomids are also absent from the list of Diptera collected in Maramures Mountains Nature Park (Parvu 2008). The only available information on chironomids associated with the studied lakes comes from the sediment core of Lake Taul Muced, where subfossil larval remains were identified to morphotype level (Diaconu et al. 2017).</p><p>Here, we provide the first information about chironomid occurrence within the protected areas of Maramures Mountains Nature Park and Rodna Mountains National Park, offering potential value to use by the administrations of both parks.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/79090BE0B43A5757ACFDFCCDC9265525	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bitušík, Peter;Slobodníková, Veronika;Novikmec, Milan;Dudáš, Adam;Hamerlík, Ladislav	Bitušík, Peter, Slobodníková, Veronika, Novikmec, Milan, Dudáš, Adam, Hamerlík, Ladislav (2025): Chironomidae (Diptera) from mountain lakes of the Eastern Carpathians, Romania: First records and insight into diversity. ZooKeys 1233: 107-123, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.142856
5A5FFE5C463D579C8309584D7B098F16.text	5A5FFE5C463D579C8309584D7B098F16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zavrelimyia punctatissima (Goetghebuer 1934)	<div><p>Zavrelimyia punctatissima (Goetghebuer, 1934)</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>• 6 pupal exuviae, Taul Stiol (R 4), 3 July 2023 .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>West Palaearctic. The species is known from a few European countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, and Slovakia (Ashe and O’Connor 2009).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>It is a cold-stenothermal species adapted to live in oligotrophic waters with high oxygen concentrations (Boggero and Lencioni 2006). Boggero (2018) considers it strictly rheophilous. The species is a typical inhabitant of the littoral, inlets and outlets of alpine lakes (Rossaro et al. 2006; Hamerlík and Bitušík 2008; Steingruber et al 2013).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Pupal exuviae closely resemble those of Zavrelimyia hirtimana (Kieffer, 1918), but all collected specimens exhibit very small plastron plates. The plastron plate diameter to thoracic horn length (0.054 –0.055) aligns with the diagnosis of Langton and Visser (2003) for Z. punctatissima .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A5FFE5C463D579C8309584D7B098F16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bitušík, Peter;Slobodníková, Veronika;Novikmec, Milan;Dudáš, Adam;Hamerlík, Ladislav	Bitušík, Peter, Slobodníková, Veronika, Novikmec, Milan, Dudáš, Adam, Hamerlík, Ladislav (2025): Chironomidae (Diptera) from mountain lakes of the Eastern Carpathians, Romania: First records and insight into diversity. ZooKeys 1233: 107-123, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.142856
