identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
CE4E0E3CCE3ECE1FC4E64A35EBAD6F38.text	CE4E0E3CCE3ECE1FC4E64A35EBAD6F38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fluminicola klamathensis Liu & Hershler	<div><p>Fluminicola klamathensis Liu &amp; Hershler sp. n. Figures 5, 6, 7, 8A</p><p>Types.</p><p>Holotype, USNM 1144499 (a cleaned shell), Lost River at Stukel Bridge, Klamath County, Oregon, 42.0825N, 121.6617W, 10/5/1997, Terrence J. Frest and Edward J. Johannes. Paratypes, USNM 1468970 (a large series of dry shells and alcohol-preserved specimens), from same lot.</p><p>Referred material.</p><p>OREGON. Klamath County: USNM 1207966, Lost River at Stukel Bridge, USNM 1144894, USNM 1469075, USNM 1469082, USNM 1469090, Wood River, south spring source (42.7372N, 121.9775W), USNM 1469072, USNM 1469077, USNM 1469078, USNM 1469080, Tecumseh Spring (42.6424N, 121.9432W), USNM 1144346, USNM 1190088, Camporee Spring (42.4308N, 122.0614W), USNM 883517, USNM 1144348, USNM 1190089, USNM 1207965, USNM 1225874, Harriman Spring, outflow of main spring (42.4673N, 122.1009W), USNM 1469076, USNM 1469086, Big Springs at Bonanza (42.1982N, 121.4004W), USNM 1469074, USNM 1469088, Lost River, below Harpold Dam (42.1702N, 121.4530W).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>A large Fluminicola (shell height, 6.5-8.4 mm) with a subglobose to ovate-conic shell often having an eroded spire. Fluminicola klamathensis is readily distinguished by its penis, which does not gently taper along its length as in other congeners, but instead abruptly narrows distally and has a well demarcated, short filament. This new species is further differentiated from closely similar and frequently sympatric F. modoci in its generally darker colored shell periostracum, broad central cusps on the central and lateral radula teeth, very short outer wing of the lateral teeth, small number of cusps on the inner and outer marginal teeth, light pigment on the dorsal surface of the penis, large core of internal dark pigment in the distal section of the penis, and the fairly large seminal receptacle.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Shell (Fig. 5 A–F) subglobose to ovate-conic, spire often eroded in large part, whorls (in specimens having a complete spire), 4.25-4.5. Teleoconch whorls low to medium convex, sometimes weakly shouldered. Aperture pyriform; inner lip complete, variably thickened, broadly adnate to parietal wall; columellar shelf narrow or extending over much of umbilical region. Outer lip thin, prosocline. Umbilicus absent or a narrow slit, umbilical region sometimes excavated. Shell white, periostracum brown, fairly thick, sometimes covered with black deposits. Shell measurements and whorl count data are summarized in Table 2.</p><p>Operculum (Fig. 6 A–C) as for genus; muscle attachment margin little thickened on inner side; rim sometimes present on inner side near outer edge (Fig. 6B). Radula (Fig. 6 D–H) as for genus; dorsal edge of central teeth concave, lateral cusps 2-5, hoe-shaped; basal cusp 1-5. Lateral teeth having 2-4 cusps on inner side and 3-5 cusps on outer side; outer wing slightly longer than length of cutting edge. Inner marginal teeth with 11-19 cusps, outer marginal teeth with 11-22 cusps. Radula data are from USNM 144346, USNM 1468970.</p><p>Snout, cephalic tentacles grey or black, pigment light around eyespots; pallial roof, visceral coil usually light brown; foot variably pigmented dorsally, sole pale. Ctenidial filaments 33-36 (N = 5), broadly triangular. Glandular oviduct and associated structures shown in Figure 7A, B. Coiled oviduct circular, anterior arm kinked, posterior arm sometimes having small accessory pouches containing sperm. Bursa copulatrix large, ovate or globular, partly overlapped by albumen gland. Bursal duct narrow, much shorter than bursa. Seminal receptacle medium-sized, pouch-like, partly overlapped by albumen gland. Albumen gland having small pallial component. Capsule gland slightly shorter than albumen gland. Genital aperture a small, terminal pore. Penis (Figs 7C, D, 8A) large, base rectangular, often having a distinct, lobe-like swelling along inner edge distally (Fig. 7D); distal end of penis blunt, with short, narrow, filament. Distal section of penis having dense core of internal black pigment; dorsal surface pale or lightly pigmented. Penial duct near inner edge, narrow, nearly straight.</p><p>Etymology .</p><p>The species name is an adjectival geographic epithet referring to the distribution of this pebblesnail in the (upper) Klamath River basin.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Large, spring-influenced habitats in the UKL.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>We selected the Lost River at Stukel Bridge as the type locality because the pebblesnails in this population do not have apically eroded shells. However, we did not have suitably relaxed material from this locality for anatomical study and thus used specimens from Harriman Springs for this purpose.</p><p>The shells of F. klamathensis and F. modoci can be difficult to distinguish although the former usually has darker, thicker periostracum, and tends to be larger when found in sympatry. As noted above, these two species are most readily differentiated by the shape and pigmentation of the penis (Fig. 8).</p><p>Sixteen (16) COI and 13 cytB haplotypes were detected in F. klamathensis (Suppl. materials 2, 3, respectively).</p><p>The "Tall pebblesnail" (also referred to as Fluminicola n. sp. 2) that was recognized by Frest and Johannes in their UKL contract reports (also see Frest and Johannes 1999) and subsequently included in the Northwest Forest Plan as a Survey and Manage species, corresponds to F. klamathensis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE4E0E3CCE3ECE1FC4E64A35EBAD6F38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liu, Hsiu-Ping;Hershler, Robert	Liu, Hsiu-Ping, Hershler, Robert (2019): A new species and range extensions for three other species of pebblesnails (Lithoglyphidae, Fluminicola) from the upper Klamath basin, California-Oregon. ZooKeys 812: 47-67, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.812.29205, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.812.29205
ACD2E4CBD6C514A0E13E04C72040EF0F.text	ACD2E4CBD6C514A0E13E04C72040EF0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fluminicola fresti Hershler, Liu, Frest & Hubbart 2017	<div><p>Fluminicola fresti Hershler, Liu, Frest &amp; Hubbart, 2017 Figure 4H</p><p>Fluminicola fresti - Hershler et al. 2017: 10-14, figs 4 E–G, 5 (Diversion from Big Butte Springs through Butte Falls Hatchery, just south of Butte Falls–Fish Lake Road (Jackson County 321) and 0.16 km west of Butte Falls–Prospect Road (Jackson County 922), Jackson County, Oregon, 42.5389N, 122.5551W).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>North Fork Umpqua River drainage and Rogue River basin north of Little Butte Creek, Oregon (Hershler et al. 2017).</p><p>Referred material.</p><p>OREGON. Klamath County. USNM 1144900, USNM 1469091, Harriman Spring, outflow of main spring (42.4673N, 122.1009W),</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The Harriman Springs pebblesnails have small (shell height, about 4.0 mm), narrowly conical shells with convex whorls that well conform to F. fresti; they also closely resemble this species in details of radula morphology. Radula: central teeth with 3-4 lateral cusps, 1 basal cusp; lateral teeth with 3-4 cusps on outer side, 2 cusps on inner side; inner marginal teeth with 23-28 cusps; outer marginal teeth with 28-36 cusps(USNM 1144900).</p><p>We sequenced only a single specimen of F. fresti from Harriman Springs, which was collected during our first visit to this locality. Our subsequent collections from this site that were preserved in 90% ethanol for mtDNA analysis did not contain this species although a few specimens were found in one of the subsamples that had been prepared for anatomical study.</p><p>This new record extends the range of F. fresti about 26 km eastward from the Rogue River headwaters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/ACD2E4CBD6C514A0E13E04C72040EF0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liu, Hsiu-Ping;Hershler, Robert	Liu, Hsiu-Ping, Hershler, Robert (2019): A new species and range extensions for three other species of pebblesnails (Lithoglyphidae, Fluminicola) from the upper Klamath basin, California-Oregon. ZooKeys 812: 47-67, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.812.29205, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.812.29205
420644878A529D760853DD7C3DF2918C.text	420644878A529D760853DD7C3DF2918C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fluminicola modoci Hannibal 1912	<div><p>Fluminicola modoci Hannibal, 1912 Figures 4, 8B</p><p>Fluminicola modoci - Hannibal 1912: 187, pl. 8: fig. 30 (in part; Fletchers Spring, south end, Goose Lake, California).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Several springs in the Goose Lake basin, California–Oregon (Hershler and Frest 1996; Hershler 1999; Hershler et al. 2007).</p><p>Referred material.</p><p>OREGON. Klamath County. USNM 1190095, USNM 1207964, Wood River, south spring source (42.7372N, 121.9775W), USNM 1144333, USNM 1190094, Tecumseh Spring (42.6424N, 121.9432W), USNM 874187, USNM 874935, USNM 1144336, USNM 1144337, USNM 1144942, USNM 1190086, Barkley Spring (42.3822N, 121.8111W), USNM 1190102, Klamath River, east of Boyle Power Station (42.0934N, 122.0964W), USNM 1190087, Ouxy Spring (42.3989N, 121.8235W), USNM 1144390, USNM 1144923, USNM 1190100, Brown Spring (42.4951N, 121.2956W), USNM 1190093, Spring, Klamath Fish Hatchery (42.6519N, 121.9479W), USNM 1190096, Reservation Spring (42.7023N, 121.9629W), USNM 1144407, USNM 1190098, Spring, Williamson River campground (42.6584N, 121.8499W), USNM 1190097, Spring Creek, headspring (42.6690N, 121.8860W), USNM 1144411, USNM 1190090, Crystal Spring (42.5736N, 122.0823W), USNM 1144966, USNM 1190121, Big Springs at Bonanza (42.1982N, 121.4004W), USNM 1144418, USNM 1185800, Casebeer Spring, ouflow at Gerber Dam Road (42.2056N, 121.0592W), USNM 1144454, USNM 1190123, Duncan Spring, north complex (42.0416N, 121.0689W), USNM 1190123, Lost River at Big Springs City Park, Bonanza (42.1976N, 121.4002W), USNM 114469, USNM 1190124, Gwinn Spring Creek at Gwinn Spring Creek Road (42.0063N, 120.9545W), USNM 1020714, USNM 1144673, USNM 1144925, USNM 1154376, Link River under US97/OR140 bridge (42.2185N, 121.7892W). USNM 1190137, Link River, above Link River dam (42.2341N, 121.8036W), USNM 1144494, USNM 1144986, USNM 1207967, Lost River, Stevenson County Park (42.1831N, 121.5994W), USNM 1190139, Lost River, below Harpold Dam (42.1702N, 121.4530W), USNM 1144503, USNM 1190101, Sprague River at Beatty Gap (42.4476N, 121.2377W), USNM 1144515, USNM 1190099, Williamson River, Klamath County park (42.5705N, 121.8791W), USNM 1144520, USNM 1190140, Upper Klamath Lake, south of Modoc Point (42.4373N, 121.8672W). Lake County: USNM 1144565, USNM 1185798, Spring southeast of Slash Spring, Yocum Valley (42.0174N, 120.7316W).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The UKL F. modoci range from 2.6-8.4 mm in shell height and include specimens with eroded spires that closely resemble the type material for this species (e.g., Fig. 4A) as well as individuals with fully intact, ovate-conic to trochoidal shells. Radula: central teeth with 2-6 lateral cusps, 1-4 basal cusps; lateral teeth with 3-7 cusps on outer side, 2-5 cusps on inner side; inner marginal teeth with 13-30 cusps; outer marginal teeth with 20-43 cusps (USNM 1144337, USNM 1144418, USNM 1144925).</p><p>The new records extend the range of F. modoci about 130 km westward from the northwestern portion of the Goose Lake basin.</p><p>Twenty-seven (27) COI and 31 cytB haplotypes were detected in the UKL specimens of F. modoci (Suppl. materials 2, 3, respectively).</p><p>The "Klamath pebblesnail" (also referred to as Fluminicola n. sp. 1) that was recognized by Frest and Johannes in their UKL contract reports (also see Frest and Johannes 1999) and subsequently included in the Northwest Forest Plan as a Survey and Manage species, may correspond to F. modoci .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/420644878A529D760853DD7C3DF2918C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liu, Hsiu-Ping;Hershler, Robert	Liu, Hsiu-Ping, Hershler, Robert (2019): A new species and range extensions for three other species of pebblesnails (Lithoglyphidae, Fluminicola) from the upper Klamath basin, California-Oregon. ZooKeys 812: 47-67, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.812.29205, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.812.29205
388C55BDCFE402018D4237BD72A19EFC.text	388C55BDCFE402018D4237BD72A19EFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fluminicola multifarius Hershler, Liu, Frest & Johannes 2007	<div><p>Fluminicola multifarius Hershler, Liu, Frest &amp; Johannes, 2007 Figures 3, 9</p><p>Fluminicola multifarius - Hershler et al. 2007: 415, 417, 419, figs 7M, 24, 25 (Big Springs (source) at Big Springs City Park northwest of the city of Mount Shasta, south of Spring Hill, Siskiyou County, California ([UTM zone 10] 556400 E, 4575265 N, 1092 m).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Sacramento River headwater region, upper reaches of the McCloud and Rogue River drainages, California–Oregon (Hershler et al. 2007; Hershler et al. 2017).</p><p>Referred material.</p><p>CALIFORNIA. Siskiyou County: USNM 1207974, Spring on Close Butte (41.9884N, 122.3229W), USNM 1190109, Spring northwest of Copco Reservoir (41.9873N, 122.3275W), USNM 1145066, USNM 1190108, Fall Creek above Copco Road bridge (41.9834N, 122.3623W). OREGON. Jackson County: USNM 1144324, USNM 1144325, USNM 1144326, USNM 1144898, USNM 1145117, USNM 1190128, USNM 1243229, USNM 1254453, Fredenburg Spring (42.1669N, 122.3268W), USNM 1207971, Spring Creek north of Schoolhouse Meadow (42.0357N, 122.3397W), USNM 1144903, USNM 1190105, USNM 1207969, Spring brook below Schoolhouse Meadow (42.0288N, 122.3374W), USNM 1144342, USNM 1144943, USNM 1144365, USNM 1144366, USNM 1144484, USNM 1190114, Keene Creek, east of bridge on Mill Creek Road (42.1046N, 122.4136W), USNM 1144368, USNM 1144718, USNM 1144946, USNM 1190103, Rattlesnake Spring (42.0625N, 122.3389W), USNM 1190104, Shoat Spring, source (42.0466N, 122.3360W), USNM 1207968, Shoat Springs, outflow near source (42.0456N, 122.3367W), USNM 1207970, Spring channel above Schoolhouse Meadow, adjacent to cabin ruins (42.0327N, 122.3379W), USNM 1144536, USNM 1144537, USNM 1144941, USNM 1144942, USNM 1190118, Spring north of Hyatt Reservoir (42.2064N, 122.4498W), USNM 1144540, USNM 1144541, USNM 1144907, USNM 1144993, USNM 1190131, Nameless Spring, outflow (42.2183N, 122.3087W), USNM 1190129, Bluejay Spring (42.1810N, 122.3368W), USNM 1144587, USNM 1190115, Spring, Chinquapin Mountain (42.1409N, 122.4268W), USNM 1190116, Spring along Beaver Creek Road (42.1467N, 122.4165W), USNM 1190117, Spring, Craine Prairie (42.1754N, 122.4086W), USNM 1190111, Spring north of Soda Spring (42.1025N, 122.3684W), USNM 1190119, Spring, west side of Burnt Creek Road (42.1761N, 122.4911W), USNM 1144655, USNM 1145079, USNM 1190130, Jenny Creek Spring (42.2034N, 122.3443W). Klamath County: USNM 1469081, USNM 1469089, Wood River, south spring source (42.7372N, 121.9775W), USNM 1190138, Spring west of Klamath River (42.0257N, 122.1351W), USNM 1144392, USNM 1144951, USNM 1190127, Tiger Lily Spring (42.6156N, 122.0935W), USNM 1144393, USNM 1190092, Four Mile Spring (42.6331N, 122.0778W), USNM 1469079, Spring, Klamath Fish Hatchery (42.6519N, 121.9479W), USNM 1469083, Reservation Spring (42.7023N, 121.9629W), USNM 1469084, Spring Creek, headspring (42.6690N, 121.8860W), USNM 1144414, USNM 1144965, USNM 1190091, Short Creek, headspring (42.7000N, 122.0776W), USNM 1144416, USNM 1207975, Rainbow Springs (42.3239N, 122.2040W), USNM 1190134, Cold Creek, south of Lake of the Woods (42.3434N, 122.2083W), USNM 1144463, USNM 1190133, Spring along western edge of Buck Lake (42.2670N, 122.1995W), USNM 1190132, Johnson Creek (42.2401N, 122.2399W), USNM 1144468, USNM 1190136, Spring (northernmost), Denny Creek (42.3552N, 122.0286W), USNM 1144887, USNM 1144984, USNM 1190135, Spring (southernmost), Denny Creek (42.3324N, 122.0221W). Lake County: USNM 1190125, Spring, Holmes Meadow (42.1761N, 120.8350W), USNM 1144564, USNM 1185799, Blonde Spring (42.4149N, 120.7467W).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The UKL F. multifarius range from 2.1-5.1 mm in shell height and, as noted above, vary considerably in shell shape and appearance of the inner apertural lip between and sometimes within populations. There is also considerable variation in the number of cusps on the radular teeth; and the size and shape of the cusps and indentation of the dorsal edge of the central teeth (Fig. 9). Radula: central teeth with 2-6 lateral cusps, 1-6 basal cusps; lateral teeth with 3-7 cusps on outer side; 2-6 cusps on inner side; inner marginal teeth with 16-35 cusps; outer marginal teeth with 22-40 cusps (USNM 1144326, USNM 1144342, USNM 1144368, USNM 1144463, USNM 1144540, USNM 1144564, USNM 1144588, USNM 1144951, USNM 1145079, USNM 1207968, USNM 1207970, USNM 1207974).</p><p>Fifty-one (51) COI and 52 cytB haplotypes were detected in the UKL specimens of F. multifarius (Suppl. materials 2, 3, respectively).</p><p>The "Fredenburg pebblesnail" (also referred to as Fluminicla n. sp. 17) and "Klamath Rim pebblesnail" (also referred to as Fluminicola n. sp. 3), which were recognized by Frest and Johannes in their UKL contract reports (also see Frest and Johannes 1999) and subsequently included in the Northwest Forest Plan as Survey and Manage species, correspond to F. multifarius .</p><p>The new records detailed herein extend the range of F. multifarius about 150 km eastward from the Rogue River headwaters. Populations of this species are distributed in close proximity (ca 1 km) across the divide between the Rogue River and UKL basins (springs in Sampson Creek and Burnt Creek drainages, respectively).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/388C55BDCFE402018D4237BD72A19EFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liu, Hsiu-Ping;Hershler, Robert	Liu, Hsiu-Ping, Hershler, Robert (2019): A new species and range extensions for three other species of pebblesnails (Lithoglyphidae, Fluminicola) from the upper Klamath basin, California-Oregon. ZooKeys 812: 47-67, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.812.29205, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.812.29205
