taxonID	type	description	language	source
3EB7AC2665919295C52D29DBBA6E91DE.taxon	child_taxa	Genera: 1 genus with 8 species: Genus Manis Linnaeus 1758 (8 species with 5 subspecies)	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
A82464161670D999B37C047075D30180.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: India.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
A82464161670D999B37C047075D30180.taxon	distribution	Distribution: E Pakistan; India; Bangladesh; Sri Lanka.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
A82464161670D999B37C047075D30180.taxon	conservation	Conservation: CITES – Appendix II; IUCN – Lower Risk (nt).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
A82464161670D999B37C047075D30180.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Manis. Formerly erroneously called pentadactyla; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Emry (1970), and Corbet and Hill (1992). Probably includes laticauda Illiger, 1815, a nomen nudum. Chromosomes reported by Aswathanayana (2000).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
5990EC2FBAD607ADCDEC68468EE55053.taxon	type_taxon	Type Species: Manis (Manis) pentadactyla Linnaeus 1758	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
168529E6DFAE550F08937F7283949D33.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Taiwan.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
168529E6DFAE550F08937F7283949D33.taxon	child_taxa	Subspecies:: Subspecies Manis (Manis) pentadactyla subsp. pentadactyla Linnaeus 1758 Subspecies Manis (Manis) pentadactyla subsp. auritus Hodgson 1836 Subspecies Manis (Manis) pentadactyla subsp. pusilla J. Allen 1906	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
168529E6DFAE550F08937F7283949D33.taxon	distribution	Distribution: E Nepal; NE India; E Bangladesh; Burma; Thailand; N Cambodia; N Laos; N Vietnam; C and S China, including Hainan Isl; Taiwan.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
168529E6DFAE550F08937F7283949D33.taxon	conservation	Conservation: CITES – Appendix II; IUCN – Lower Risk (nt).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
168529E6DFAE550F08937F7283949D33.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Manis. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951: 214) recognized three subspecies. Zhang and Shi (1991) analyzed mtDNA in two scale color morphs and concluded they could represent two taxa but Su-Bing et al (1994) concluded from protein polymorphisms that the two morphs were indistinguishable.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
03C3E492142CDB48D2F949C4828D28FA.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Taiwan.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
8E124260CEB22DBB80021EC72D7F56F6.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Philippines, Calamian Isl, Culion Isl.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
8E124260CEB22DBB80021EC72D7F56F6.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Palawan and adjacent islands, Philippines.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
8E124260CEB22DBB80021EC72D7F56F6.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Paramanis. A synonym of javanica according to Corbet and Hill (1992: 19) but accorded specific rank by Lawrence (1939: 70), Sanborn (1952 a: 114) and Feiler (1998: 161).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
6AE1EB96D7D35C9FBED680D05118D4AC.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Indonesia, Java.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
6AE1EB96D7D35C9FBED680D05118D4AC.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Burma; Thailand; S Laos; C and S Vietnam; Cambodia; Malaysia; Sumatra; Java; Borneo; adjacent islands.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
6AE1EB96D7D35C9FBED680D05118D4AC.taxon	conservation	Conservation: CITES – Appendix II; IUCN – Lower Risk (nt).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
6AE1EB96D7D35C9FBED680D05118D4AC.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Paramanis. Formerly included culionensis (Corbet and Hill, 1992: 19).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
93178A922AED1A190B5B36FFD6D3FED5.taxon	child_taxa	Species and subspecies: 8 species with 5 subspecies: Species Manis (Manis) crassicaudata E. Geoffroy 1803 Species Manis (Paramanis) culionensis de Elera 1915 Species Manis (Smutsia) gigantea Illiger 1815 Species Manis (Paramanis) javanica Desmarest 1822 Species Manis (Manis) pentadactyla Linnaeus 1758 Subspecies Manis (Manis) pentadactyla subsp. pentadactyla Linnaeus 1758 Subspecies Manis (Manis) pentadactyla subsp. auritus Hodgson 1836 Subspecies Manis (Manis) pentadactyla subsp. pusilla J. Allen 1906 Species Manis (Smutsia) temminckii Smuts 1832 Species Manis (Uromanis) tetradactyla Linnaeus 1766 Species Manis (Phataginus) tricuspis Rafinesque 1821 Subspecies Manis (Phataginus) tricuspis subsp. tricuspis Rafinesque 1821 Subspecies Manis (Phataginus) tricuspis subsp. mabirae Allen and Loveridge 1942	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
44F8D243802C2CB26FCF31AB048674E5.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: Not indicated.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
44F8D243802C2CB26FCF31AB048674E5.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Senegal to W Kenya, south to Rwanda, C Dem. Rep. Congo and SW Angola.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
44F8D243802C2CB26FCF31AB048674E5.taxon	conservation	Conservation: CITES – Appendix II; IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
44F8D243802C2CB26FCF31AB048674E5.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Smutsia.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
E21653FB31B597D1679BA0468A151C8F.taxon	type_taxon	Type Species: Manis pentadactyla Linnaeus 1758	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
E21653FB31B597D1679BA0468A151C8F.taxon	child_taxa	Species and subspecies: 8 species with 5 subspecies in 5 subgenera: Subgenus Manis (Manis) Linnaeus 1758 Subgenus Manis (Paramanis) Pocock 1824 Subgenus Manis (Smutsia) Gray 1865 Subgenus Manis (Uromanis) Pocock 1924 Subgenus Manis (Phataginus) Rafinesque 1821 Species Manis (Manis) crassicaudata E. Geoffroy 1803 Species Manis (Paramanis) culionensis de Elera 1915 Species Manis (Smutsia) gigantea Illiger 1815 Species Manis (Paramanis) javanica Desmarest 1822 Species Manis (Manis) pentadactyla Linnaeus 1758 Subspecies Manis (Manis) pentadactyla subsp. pentadactyla Linnaeus 1758 Subspecies Manis (Manis) pentadactyla subsp. auritus Hodgson 1836 Subspecies Manis (Manis) pentadactyla subsp. pusilla J. Allen 1906 Species Manis (Smutsia) temminckii Smuts 1832 Species Manis (Uromanis) tetradactyla Linnaeus 1766 Species Manis (Phataginus) tricuspis Rafinesque 1821 Subspecies Manis (Phataginus) tricuspis subsp. tricuspis Rafinesque 1821 Subspecies Manis (Phataginus) tricuspis subsp. mabirae Allen and Loveridge 1942	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
E21653FB31B597D1679BA0468A151C8F.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Family reviewed by Mohr (1961). Morphological evidence suggests a subdivision of the genus into two genera (Manis and Phataginus), see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Patterson (1978); or four subgenera (Manis, Paramanis, Smutsia, and Uromanis), see Meester (1972 a), Meester et al. (1986), and Mohr (1961). Gaudin and Wible (1999) conducted a cladistical analysis of 67 cranial characters in extant pangolins plus one fossil genus and found that the Asian pangolins form a monophyletic clade while the African species form a paraphyletic assemblage.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
A0FA533E0D30E017D8F4868AF6029160.taxon	child_taxa	Families: 1 family with 1 genus and 8 species: Family Manidae Gray 1821 (1 genus with 8 species and 5 subspecies)	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
6425A799386BBE0E60EE9E89842054DA.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: West Africa, " Guinee. ".	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
6425A799386BBE0E60EE9E89842054DA.taxon	child_taxa	Subspecies:: Subspecies Manis (Phataginus) tricuspis subsp. tricuspis Rafinesque 1821 Subspecies Manis (Phataginus) tricuspis subsp. mabirae Allen and Loveridge 1942	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
6425A799386BBE0E60EE9E89842054DA.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Equatorial Africa from Senegal to W Kenya, south to NW Zambia and SW Angola; NE Mozambique; Bioko (Equatorial Guinea).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
6425A799386BBE0E60EE9E89842054DA.taxon	conservation	Conservation: CITES – Appendix II; IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
6425A799386BBE0E60EE9E89842054DA.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Phataginus. Meester (1972 a: 2) recognized two subspecies. Includes tridentata described from " coastal Mozambique "; see Ansell (1982: 35).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
E1D84819E9C2AB33AC69509E59DDB53C.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: West Africa, " Guinee. ".	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
FEA17DD9EDE340B6A1386925194AD2F2.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: South Africa, Northern Cape Prov., Latakou (= Litakun), near Kuruman.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
FEA17DD9EDE340B6A1386925194AD2F2.taxon	distribution	Distribution: N South Africa; N and E Namibia; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Botswana; S Angola; S Zambia; SE Dem. Rep. Congo; S Rwanda; Malawi; Tanzania; E Uganda; W Kenya; S Sudan; S Chad.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
FEA17DD9EDE340B6A1386925194AD2F2.taxon	conservation	Conservation: CITES – Appendix II; U. S. ESA – Endangered; IUCN – Lower Risk (nt).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
FEA17DD9EDE340B6A1386925194AD2F2.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Smutsia. Reviewed by Stuart (1980).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
61A46F39FA16857D60092BDF4BE9B863.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality: West Africa.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
61A46F39FA16857D60092BDF4BE9B863.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Equatorial Africa from Senegal and Gambia to W Uganda, south to SW Angola.	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
61A46F39FA16857D60092BDF4BE9B863.taxon	conservation	Conservation: CITES – Appendix II; IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
61A46F39FA16857D60092BDF4BE9B863.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Subgenus Uromanis. The name longicaudatus Brisson, 1756, is unavailable; see Mohr (1961) and Meester (1972 a).	en	Wilson, Don E., Reeder, DeeAnn (2005): Order Pholidota. In: Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press: 530-531, ISBN: 0-8018-8221-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
