identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5A6387B5BC341061FF03FD7174055FC6.text	5A6387B5BC341061FF03FD7174055FC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Griffinia capixabae Campos-Rocha & Dutilh 2017	<div><p>Griffinia capixabae Campos-Rocha &amp; Dutilh, sp. nov. (Figs. 1 &amp; 2)</p> <p>Griffinia capixabae is mostly similar to Griffinia intermedia Lindley (1826: 990). However, G. capixabae lacks spots on the perigone throat, typical of G. intermedia, has two spathe bracts free from the base (vs. one in G. intermedia), and the hypanthium tube represents up to 1/6 of the total length of perigone (vs. 1/8 to 1/ 12 in G. intermedia).</p> <p>Type:— BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Estrada 25 de Julho, terr. Fracalossi, 280 m, 29 February 2011, L. Kollmann &amp; M. Groppo 12243 (holotype MBML!).</p> <p>Bulbiferous, geophytic perennial herb. Bulb 4.2–6.8 cm long, 4.5–8.8 cm diameter, globose to subglobose, white, covered with reddish or brown colored tunic; bulb neck 4–14(–22) cm long. Leaves (1–)2–6, pseudopetiolate; pseudopetiole 11–32 × 0.8–1.8 cm, green, often vinaceous in the lower half or sometimes for its whole length, caniculate on the adaxial side, rounded on the abaxial; lamina 26–66 × 9.5–20 cm, dark green on the adaxial side, light green on the abaxial, elliptical, oblong or ovate, apex acute to acuminate, base attenuate, both sometimes asymmetric, margin slightly revolute, with a projected midrib on the abaxial surface. Inflorescence with 10–22 flowers; scape 17–40 cm long, 1–1.8 cm diameter, green and vinaceous at the base or sometimes throughout its length, erect, solid, two-edged; spathe of 2 bracts, 2.6–5 × 1.2–2 cm, greenish, hyaline at margin, free to the base, lanceolate; bracteoles numerous, lanceolate or subulate. Pedicels 1–4(–5.5) cm long, green, obtusely triangular in cross section, elongating as fruit matures. Perigone 4–6 cm long, zygomorphic, completely white or generally lilac distally, frequently with a white longitudinal stripe on the lateral sepals; hypanthium tube 0.8–1.6 cm long. Sepals oblanceolate, with a subapical adaxial apiculum, 2–6 mm long; upper sepal curved upwards, 3.2–5.2 × 0.8–1.2 cm; lateral sepals 3.3–5.2 × 0.65–1.2 cm, patent, asymmetrical; petals slightly smaller than the sepals, oblanceolate, apiculum inconspicuous, &lt;1 mm long; lateral petals 3–5 × 0.65–1.3 cm, curved upwards; lower petal 3–5 × 0.4–1 cm, deflexed downward. Stamens 6, 5 declinate, 1 upper episepal erect-ascending. Filaments completely white or more generally lilac distally, shorter than the perigone, upper episepal 2.5–4 cm long, lateral episepal 2.4–4.4 cm long, lateral epipetal (1.7–) 2.4–3.7 cm long, lower epipetal 2.4–3.7 cm long; anthers 2.5–4.5 mm long, lilac, oblong-reniform; pollen gray. Style 3.2–5.1 cm long, white, sometimes lilac distally; stigma punctate to capitate, lilac. Ovary 4.5–11 mm long, 4.5–8.5 mm diameter, white, oblong–ellipsoid to obovoid; ovules 1–2(–3) per locule, 1.4–2 mm long. Capsules 1.8–3.8 cm long, 1.8–4 cm diameter, green, generally with reddish pigmentation, ovoid to ovoid-compressed, trilobed. Seeds 0.8–1.8 cm long, 0.7–1.5 cm diameter, whitish, globose to subglobose, with relatively inconspicuous flatly adherent elaiosome.</p> <p>Further specimens examined (paratypes):— BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Alfredo Chaves, Carolina, ca. 700 m, 4 May 1982, R.A. Kautsky 742 (SP!); Itarana, Barra de Jatiboca, Fazenda do Stuhr, 357 m, 26 February 2003, J.A. Lombardi, A. Salino, R.C. Mota &amp; F.A. Carvalho 5217 (BHCB!); Marilândia, Liberdade, propr. Deoclécio Lorenccini. Afloramento rochoso, interior de mata, 150–350 m, 22 March 2007, V. Demuner, T. Cruz, M. Belizário &amp; E. Bausen 3377 (MBML!, UEC!); Marilândia, Liberdade, propr. Deoclécio Lorenccini. Interior de mata, 250–400 m, 12 June 2006, V. Demuner, R.R. Vervloet, T. Cruz &amp; E. Bausen 4188 (MBML!); trazido para o cultivo em dezembro de 2013, da propriedade do Sr. Deoclécio Lorenccini, bairro Liberdade, próximo ao córrego, na encosta, 226 m, 24 February 2014, A. Campos-Rocha, G.H. Shimizu &amp; M.N. Saka 1441 (NA!, UEC!). Santa Teresa, 25 de Julho. Interior de mata úmido e sombreado, 28 March 2000, V. Demuner &amp; W. Pizziolo 871 (MBML!); Cabeceira do 25 de julho, propriedade de Geraldo Pretti, Sítio Recanto Feliz, Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, 11 August 2005, A.P. Fontana &amp; W.S. da Silva 1646 (MBML!); Estrada do 25 de Julho. Terreno do Casotti, 450 m, 6 April 1999, L. Kollmann 2404 (MBML!); trazido para o cultivo em dezembro de 2013, bairro 25 de julho, próximo ao córrego 5 de Novembro, 22 February 2014, A. Campos-Rocha, G.H. Shimizu &amp; M.N. Saka 1450 (NA!, UEC!).</p> <p>Etymology:—The specific epithet, a word of Tupi origin, an indigenous language, honors the people born in the state of Espírito Santo (“capixaba”). It means “land for agriculture” (Nascentes 1966), and also refers to the restricted distribution of the species, endemic to the Serra da Mantiqueira Capixaba in the central region of the state.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat:—Only four records are known (Fig. 3), always in shaded stony and humid locations in semideciduous forest of the Serra da Mantiqueira, Espírito Santo.</p> <p>Conservation status:—With estimated AOO of 16 km 2 and EOO of 1,670 km 2, G. capixabae is considered endangered (EN) based on the subcriteria B1ab(iii) and B2ab(iii), due to the low number of known occurrences (≤ 5) and the continuing decline in habitat. None of the known populations is located in a protected area.</p> <p>Phenology:— Griffinia capixabae was observed in bloom from February to June. Fruits were seen between the months of February to August.</p> <p>Taxonomic relationships:— Griffinia capixabae resembles G. intermedia (Figs. 4A–B), described at the beginning of the 19th century from material of the state of Rio de Janeiro, cultivated in Europe. Historically the latter species has been of rather uncertain identity, with specimens actually pertaining to different taxa identified as G. intermedia (Preuss 1999a). However, analysis of a population in the Parque Nacional de Itatiaia leaves no doubt about its identity (A. Campos-Rocha and collaborators, in preparation). The known distribution of G. intermedia is restricted to southern Rio de Janeiro (Campos-Rocha 2015). Griffinia intermedia has a single spathe bract, bifid at the apex, likely representing the fusion of two bracts, although there is no ontogenetic investigation available. The flowers of G. intermedia have spots on its sepals and petals, unlike G. capixabae, which has unspotted flowers and two simple bracts that are free from the base. The hypanthium tube of G. capixabae is large, representing between 1/4 and 1/6 of the total perigone length. In G. intermedia this value varies between 1/8 and 1/12, occasionally 1/7 of the perigone length. Griffinia capixabae is also similar to G. concinna and G. hyacinthina (Ker Gawler 1816: 163) Ker Gawler (1820: 444), large flowered species with lilac perigones that occur in the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil (Figs. 4C and 4D, respectively). It is distinguished from both by the length of the perigone, which is generally much smaller in G. capixabae (4–6 cm vs. 5.5–10.5 cm in G. concinna and 5–10.5 cm in G. hyacinthina), with sepals and lateral petals less curved, a little wider (up to 1.3 cm vs. 1.1 cm in G. hyacinthina and G. concinna), and the tube 0.8–1.6 cm vs. 2–4.5 cm in G. concinna and 1.5–2.5 cm in G. hyacinthina. In addition, the pseudopetioles of G. capixabae are caniculate on the adaxial surface (Fig. 2C, vs. flat). The new species has a peculiar lamina, generally elliptic to narrowly elliptic, with a venation pattern in which the transverse ribs have a denser distribution than usually observed in G. concinna and G. hyacinthina, despite occasional variation found in these characteristics in the species mentioned.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A6387B5BC341061FF03FD7174055FC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Campos-Rocha, Antonio;Meerow, Alan William;Semir, João;Dutilh, Julie Henriette Antoinette	Campos-Rocha, Antonio, Meerow, Alan William, Semir, João, Dutilh, Julie Henriette Antoinette (2017): A new species of Griffinia (Amaryllidaceae) from Espírito Santo state, Brazil, and reassessment of Griffinia concinna. Phytotaxa 327 (2): 175-183, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.327.2.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.2.6
5A6387B5BC331062FF03FF3B741D5541.text	5A6387B5BC331062FF03FF3B741D5541.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Griffinia concinna (Mart. ex Schult. & Schult. f.) Ravenna 1971	<div><p>Griffinia concinna (Mart. ex Schult. &amp; Schult.f.) Ravenna (1971: 84)</p> <p>≡ Crinum concinnum Mart. ex Schult. &amp; Schult.f. (1830: 857)</p> <p>Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “Habitat in campis montanis prope Villa Ricca”, April 1818, C.P.F. Martius s.n. (holotype M [barcode] M-0243801!).</p> <p>Description:—Bulbiferous, geophytic perennial herb. Bulb 4–6.5 cm long, 3.8–6.4 cm diameter, globose to subglobose, white, covered with brown colored tunic; bulb neck 2–8.5 cm long. Leaves 1–5(–7) pseudopetiolate, pseudopetiole 12–28 × 1–2 cm, green, often vinaceous in the lower half, flat on the adaxial side, rounded on the abaxial; lamina up to 45 × 9–12 cm, dark green on the adaxial side, light green on the abaxial, narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, apex acute, base attenuate, both often asymmetric, margin slightly revolute, with a projecting midrib on the abaxial surface. Inflorescence with 7–14 flowers; scape 16–42 cm long, 0.8–1.8 cm diameter, green and vinaceous at the base, erect, solid, two-edged; spathe of 2 bracts, 3.5–6 × 1.2–2 cm, greenish, sometimes with reddish pigmentation, hyaline at margin, free to the base, lanceolate; bracteoles numerous, lanceolate to subulate. Pedicels 0.7–5.5 cm long, green, obtusely triangular in cross section, elongating as fruit matures. Perigone 5.5–10.5 cm long, zygomorphic, lilac distally, white at the throat, frequently with a white longitudinal stripe on the lateral sepals; hypanthium tube 2–4.5 cm long, lilac to rose-colored. Sepals oblanceolate to narrowly oblong, with a subapical adaxial apiculum, 0.35–1.2 cm long; upper sepal curved upwards, 3.5–6.2 × 0.7–1.2 cm; lateral sepals 3.5–6.2 × 0.7–1 cm; petals oblanceolate, apiculum inconspicuous, &lt;2 mm long; lateral petals 3.4–6.2 × 0.65–1.1 cm, curved upward; lower petal 3.5–6.4 × 0.35–1 cm, deflexed downward. Stamens 6, 5 declinate, 1 upper episepal erect-ascending. Filaments white proximally, lilac distally, shorter than the perigone, upper episepal 2–5.5 cm long, lateral episepal 2.4–5.4 cm long, lateral epipetal 1.5–4.7 cm long, lower epipetal 1.4–4.5 cm long; anthers 2.5–4.5 mm long, lilac, oblong-reniform; pollen gray. Style 3.2–6.2 cm long, white, sometimes lilac distally; stigma punctate, white or lilac. Ovary 0.5–1 cm long, 0.4–0.7 cm diameter, lilac to rose-colored, oblong-elipsoid; ovules 2–4 per locule, 2–2.5 mm long. Capsules 3–4 cm long, 3.5– 5 cm diameter, green, ovoid to ovoid-compressed, trilobed. Seeds 1.8–2.4 cm long, 1.8–2.5 cm diameter, whitish, globose, with conspicuous projecting elaiosome.</p> <p>Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Alegre, São João do Norte, PCH Santa Fé, 17 March 2009, L. Kollmann, A.P. Fontana, V. Manhaes &amp; D. Couto 11497 (MBML!); Atílio Vivacqua, Flecheira, mais ou menos 100 m, 10 March 1972, D. Sucre 8614 (RB!); Moitão, 700 m, 25 April 2007, L. Kollmann, A.P. Fontana &amp; K. Brahim 9705 (MBML!). Cachoeiro do Itapemirim, Burarama - Barra Alegre, Pedra do Fio, 16 March 2008, G.R. de Souza 04 (VIES!); Burarama - Barra Alegre, Pedra do Fio, 20 April 2008, G.R. de Souza 31 (VIES!); Itapemirim, Fazenda do Ouvidor, Usina Paineiras, porção oeste do fragmento de 600 ha, acesso pela Rodovia ES-490, Floresta Estacional em estágio avançado de regeneração, 20–90 m, 15 March 2008, A.M. Assis, V.G. Demuner &amp; K.F.O. Faria 1466 (MBML!). Rio de Janeiro: Carmo (margem do Paquequer), s.d., Neves Armond 127 (R!); ibidem, s.d., Neves Armond 128 (R!); Cantagalo, Fazenda Largo da Batalha, propr. José Regino, floresta estacional semi-decídua em área pantanosa sobre matacões de pedra, 16 April 2009, R. Borges, G.P. Neder &amp; L.R. Freire 940 (RB!); Italva, 28 February 2014, A. Campos-Rocha 1444 (UEC!); Serra da Prata, em área de mata de encosta seca (semidecídua), em cultivo no Jardim Botânico Plantarum, Nova Odessa, SP, 9 March 2012, H. Lorenzi 7152 (HPL!); Santa Maria Madalena Santo Antonio de Imbé (Furquilha), April 1932, Brade &amp; Santos Lima 11572 (R!); São Pedro da Aldeia, Serra da Sapiatuba, na face norte, ca. 200 m, February 2013, I.G. Costa 213 (RB!).</p> <p>Distribution and habitat:—The species occurs from northern Rio de Janeiro to southern Espírito Santo (Fig. 3). Other than the type collection, it was never recollected in Minas Gerais. It inhabits shady, rocky, and more humid locations of deciduous to semideciduous forest, generally near streams.</p> <p>Phenology:— Griffinia concinna was collected in flower from February to April, and with fruit in April.</p> <p>Taxonomic relationships:—This species was described in the 19th century as Crinum concinnum and its type material consists of a single inflorescence, without bulb or leaves, collected at Vila Rica locality, currently Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais. In the early 1970s Ravenna (1971) proposed the combination in Griffinia on account of the lilac flowers and ascending episepalous stamen. Preuss (1999a, 1999b), in the most recent taxonomic treatment of Griffinia, considered doubtful the inclusion of this species in the genus, due to its subsessile flower with long and slender hypanthium tube. The author suggested that the species belonged to genus Crinum subg. Codonocrinum Baker (1881: 763), and was probably introduced. Here we consider the binomial G. concinna as a valid species of Griffinia subg. Griffinia, and distinct from G. hyacinthina, i.e. the type species of the genus, to which it most closely resembles. Both species can be distinguished by the length of the tube, which in G. concinna is between 1/2 to 1/3 of the length of the perigone (vs. 1/4–1/ 5 in G. hyacinthina). While G. concinna occurs in deciduous to semideciduous forest, G. hyacinthina is restricted to coastal Atlantic Rain Forest in the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. In addition to the environmental and morphological differences, chromosomal differences were also found (Engel 2014).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A6387B5BC331062FF03FF3B741D5541	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Campos-Rocha, Antonio;Meerow, Alan William;Semir, João;Dutilh, Julie Henriette Antoinette	Campos-Rocha, Antonio, Meerow, Alan William, Semir, João, Dutilh, Julie Henriette Antoinette (2017): A new species of Griffinia (Amaryllidaceae) from Espírito Santo state, Brazil, and reassessment of Griffinia concinna. Phytotaxa 327 (2): 175-183, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.327.2.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.2.6
