identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5A6087800A30FFF0A2C7F8B17E353EB0.text	5A6087800A30FFF0A2C7F8B17E353EB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Desmochitinidae EISENACK 1931	<div><p>Family Desmochitinidae EISENACK, 1931</p> <p>emend. PARIS, 1981</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A6087800A30FFF0A2C7F8B17E353EB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Morávek, Radek	Morávek, Radek (2009): Lower Wenlock Chitinozoa From The Bykoš Locality (Silurian, Prague Basin, Barrandian Area, Czech Republic). Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B 65 (1 - 2): 37-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13183335
5A6087800A30FFF0A2CDF86178E83D05.text	5A6087800A30FFF0A2CDF86178E83D05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Margachitininae PARIS 1981	<div><p>Subfamily Margachitininae PARIS, 1981</p> <p>Genus Linochitina EISENACK, 1968 restrict. PARIS, 1981 Type species: Desmochitina erratica EISENACK, 1931</p> <p>Linochitina odiosa LAUFELD, 1974</p> <p>Pl. 3, figs. 1-6; pl. 7, figs. 14-17.</p> <p>1974 Linochitina odiosa LAUFELD, p. 100-102, figs. 61A-C.</p> <p>1990 Linochitina cf. odiosa LAUFELD, Dufka, p. 58-59, pl. 41, figs. 1-5.</p> <p>2004 Linochitina odiosa LAUFELD, Mullins et Aldridge, pl. 5, figs. 15-17.</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Vesicles are tubular to conical. The basal edge is rounded and the base is extremely convex. Flanks are straight to convex. Shoulders and flexure were not developed. Twins are very common. A cingulum is not visible.</p> <p>D i s c u s s i o n: Linochitina odiosa is very similar to the Cingulochitina angusta. It differs by not having a welldeveloped cingulum. The absence of cingulum is verified by SEM observation. In comparision with data obtained by Dufka (1990), L. odiosa from the Bykoš locality are narrower. The length is the same. Vesicles are longer than those of specimens originating from Gotland (cf. Laufeld, 1974). In comparision with the L. odiosa from Gotland (Laufeld, 1974) the neck flares less.</p> <p>O c c u r r e n c e: Lower Silurian of the Prague Basin (Dufka, 1990): Homerian (zone: C. lundgreni). Hughley Brook section, Hughley, Shropshire (GSSP for base of the Wenlock; Mullins et Aldridge, 2004), UK: samples 25/44 and 25/45 from this section.</p> <p>Gotland (Laufeld, 1974): From the Conchidium tenuistriatum Beds through Slite Beds to the Mulde Beds (Midlle Sheinwoodian to the upper Homerian).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A6087800A30FFF0A2CDF86178E83D05	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Morávek, Radek	Morávek, Radek (2009): Lower Wenlock Chitinozoa From The Bykoš Locality (Silurian, Prague Basin, Barrandian Area, Czech Republic). Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B 65 (1 - 2): 37-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13183335
5A6087800A30FFF1A1D6F9A07CC63ABA.text	5A6087800A30FFF1A1D6F9A07CC63ABA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cingulochitina PARIS 1981	<div><p>Genus Cingulochitina PARIS, 1981</p> <p>Type species: Desmochitina cingulata EISENACK, 1937</p> <p>R e m a r k s: The membranous carina is often eroded in the Cingulochitina species. The carina often appears as a folding or thickening.</p> <p>Cingulochitina angusta VERNIERS, 1999</p> <p>Pl. 1, figs. 1-7; pl. 7, figs. 1-4.</p> <p>1981 Linochitina sp. A; Verniers, pl. 2, fig. 30.</p> <p>1982 Cingulochitina sp. A; Verniers, p. 23, pl. 7, figs. 138-142.</p> <p>cf. 1995 Cingulochitina sp. A; Dufka, p. 139-141, pl. 1, fig. 10,</p> <p>11.</p> <p>1999 Cingulochitina angusta VERNIERS, p. 370-371.</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Shape of the vesicle is claviform. Maximal width of the vesicle is above the cingulum. The shoulders and flanks are indistinct. The collarette is flared. The basal edge is rounded and the base is extremely convex. A short cingulum appears on the basal edge. The cingulum is developed as a ridge or as a folding or thickening of the chamber wall. A copula is present. Some of described vesicles are translucent or semitransparent. In this situation a connection between the copula and operculum is then visible. The surface is smooth. Specimens are often found as chains of two, three or more vesicles.</p> <p>D i s c u s s i o n: Measurements made on Cingulochitina angusta are very similar to the data presented by Verniers (1999) from the Mehaigne area.</p> <p>In comparision with Cingulochitina sp. A described by</p> <p>Dufka (1995), C. angusta is shorter and narrower but the overall vesicle shape is very similar.</p> <p>O c c u r r e n c e: Mehaigne area, Brabant massif, Belgium (Verniers; 1981, 1982, 1999): late Llandovery to early</p> <p>Wenlock, members MB3D to basal MB4A</p> <p>Ithon East, Builth Wells district, Wales, UK (Verniers,</p> <p>1999): late lower Wenlock (graptolite biozone M. riccartonensis).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A6087800A30FFF1A1D6F9A07CC63ABA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Morávek, Radek	Morávek, Radek (2009): Lower Wenlock Chitinozoa From The Bykoš Locality (Silurian, Prague Basin, Barrandian Area, Czech Republic). Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B 65 (1 - 2): 37-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13183335
5A6087800A31FFF1A2D0FACB795B3B54.text	5A6087800A31FFF1A2D0FACB795B3B54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cingulochitina PARIS 1981	<div><p>Cingulochitina bouniensis VERNIERS, 1999</p> <p>Pl. 1, fig. 9, 9a; pl. 7, fig. 5.</p> <p>1979 Linochitina sp. B; Verniers et Rickards, p. 157, pl. 1, figs.</p> <p>9-10. 1981 Linochitina sp. B; Verniers, p. 171, pl. 2, fig. 24. 1982 Cingulochitina sp. B, Verniers, p. 23-24, pl. 7, figs. 143-</p> <p>147, 150-156. 1999 Cingulochitina bouniensis VERNIERS, p. 370-371. 2004 Cingulochitina bouniensis VERNIERS, Mullins et Aldridge,</p> <p>pl. 5, figs. 4-6, 8-12.</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Cono-ovoid Cingulochitina with a very short tapering neck. The shoulders are indistinct, the flanks are straight or convex. A ridge-like carina or folding occurs beneath the maximal width of the vesicle. The carina is visible within the chain of the vesicles. The surface is smooth. No ornamentation was observed. All specimens found were in a chain.</p> <p>Cingulochitina bouniensis is shorter and wider than C. angusta. The ratio of the D m /L is distinctly different than by the in C. angusta.</p> <p>D i s c u s s i o n: Specimens described here differ from those decribed by Verniers (1981, 1982 and 1999) in the absence of the longitudinal foldings. Some foldings occur but are randomly distributed and not parallel to the longitudal axis.</p> <p>O c c u r r e n c e: Mehaigne area, Brabant massif, Belgium (Verniers; 1981, 1982, 1999): late Llandovery to early Wenlock, Member MB3 to MB4.</p> <p>Ithon East and Trecoed, Builth Wells district, Wales,</p> <p>UK: late lower Wenlock (graptolite biozone C. murchisoni and M. riccartonensis VERNIERS, 1999).</p> <p>Hughley Brook section, Hughley, Shropshire (GSSP for base of the Wenlock; Mullins et Aldridge, 2004), UK: C.</p> <p>murchisoni graptolite biozone.</p> <p>Aizpute-41 core, Latvia (Mullins et Aldridge, 2004): upper part of the C. murchisoni graptolite biozone.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A6087800A31FFF1A2D0FACB795B3B54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Morávek, Radek	Morávek, Radek (2009): Lower Wenlock Chitinozoa From The Bykoš Locality (Silurian, Prague Basin, Barrandian Area, Czech Republic). Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B 65 (1 - 2): 37-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13183335
5A6087800A31FFF6A192FBC57EF938DA.text	5A6087800A31FFF6A192FBC57EF938DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cingulochitina dreyenensis VERNIERS 1999	<div><p>Cingulochitina dreyenensis VERNIERS, 1999</p> <p>Pl. 2, figs. 2-4, 7; pl. 7, figs. 6-9.</p> <p>1979 Linochitina sp. C; Verniers et Rickards, p. 157, pl. 1, figs. 11-12.</p> <p>1979 Linochitina sp. D; Verniers et Rickards, p. 157, pl. 1, figs. 13-14.</p> <p>1981 Linochitina sp. C; Verniers, p. 171, pl. 2, fig. 20.</p> <p>1981 Linochitina sp. D; Verniers, p. 171, pl. 2, fig. 25.</p> <p>1982 Linochitina sp. C; Verniers, p. 24-25, pl. 6, fig. 125; pl. 7, figs. 170-182.</p> <p>1982 Linochitina sp. D; Verniers, p. 25-26, pl. 6, fig. 123; pl. 7, figs. 183-190.</p> <p>1992 Belonechitina ? sp.; Dufka, p. 119, pl. 3, fig. 4.</p> <p>1995 Cingulochitina sp. C; Grahn, fig. 6K.</p> <p>cf. 1995 Cingulochitina sp. B; Dufka, p. 142, pl. 1, fig. 6.</p> <p>1999 Cingulochitina dreyenensis VERNIERS, p. 372, pl. 1, fig. 7.</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Cingulochitina with trapezoid or ovoid shaped chamber. The neck is short and tapering. The flanks are straight to convex, rarely concave. The shoulders are indistinct. The maximal diameter of the vesicle is on or in vicinity of the basal edge. The basal edge is sharp to round. The base is flat to convex. A short mucron is present. The cingulum does not change the curvature of the basal edge, it is developed as a ridge, folding or thickening of the wall. The surface is smooth. Vesicles twins are often observed.</p> <p>D i s c u s s i o n: Cingulochitina dreyenensis is very closely related to C. pitetensis. It is not possible to distinguish these two species by biometry. C. pitetensis posseses a flared neck, more pronounced shoulders and flexure. The maximal width of vesicle is greater than in C. dreyenensis.</p> <p>Cingulochitina sp. B described by Dufka (1995) is longer and wider than C. dreyenensis. But the shape of vesicle is similar.</p> <p>O c c u r r e n c e: Mehaigne area, Brabant massif,</p> <p>Belgium (Verniers; 1981, 1982, 1999): late Llandovery to early Wenlock, Member MB3C to MB4.</p> <p>Ithon East, Ithon West and Trecoed, Builth Wells district, Wales, UK (Verniers, 1999): lower Wenlock to middle</p> <p>Wenlock (graptolite biozone C. centrifugus and M. dubius).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A6087800A31FFF6A192FBC57EF938DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Morávek, Radek	Morávek, Radek (2009): Lower Wenlock Chitinozoa From The Bykoš Locality (Silurian, Prague Basin, Barrandian Area, Czech Republic). Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B 65 (1 - 2): 37-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13183335
5A6087800A36FFF6A2C9FC4778BA39CB.text	5A6087800A36FFF6A2C9FC4778BA39CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cingulochitina PARIS 1981	<div><p>Cingulochitina pitetensis VERNIERS, 1999</p> <p>Pl. 2, figs. 1, 5, 5a, 6, 8; pl. 7, figs. 10-13.</p> <p>1979 Linochitina aff. cingulata MARTIN et RICKARDS, p. 194,</p> <p>pl. 1, fig. 7. 1981 Linochitina sp. E; Verniers, p. 171, pl. 2, fig. 28. 1982 Cingulochitina sp. E; Verniers, p. 26-27, pl. 6, figs.</p> <p>133-137. 1999 Cingulochitina pitetensis VERNIERS, p. 374.</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Cingulochitina with ovoid to conical chamber. The tubular neck is often flared. The maximal width of the vesicle is at one third of the length of the chamber. Shoulders and flexure are well developed. A ridge-like cingulum does not change the curvature of the bluntly rounded basal edge. A short narrow mucron is observed if the vesicles are not connected. Vesicle twins are common.</p> <p>D i s c u s s i o n: For discussion see Cingulochitina dreyenensis.</p> <p>O c c u r r e n c e: Mehaigne area, Brabant massif, Belgium (Verniers; 1981, 1982, 1999): late Llandovery to early Wenlock, Member MB3C to base of MB4.</p> <p>Ithon East and Trecoed, Builth Wells district, Wales, UK</p> <p>(Verniers, 1999): late lower Wenlock (middle part of the graptolite biozone riccartonensis).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A6087800A36FFF6A2C9FC4778BA39CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Morávek, Radek	Morávek, Radek (2009): Lower Wenlock Chitinozoa From The Bykoš Locality (Silurian, Prague Basin, Barrandian Area, Czech Republic). Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B 65 (1 - 2): 37-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13183335
5A6087800A36FFF7A184FD567CF1380A.text	5A6087800A36FFF7A184FD567CF1380A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conochitina EISENACK, 1931 emend. PARIS, GRAHN, NESTOR et LAKOVA 1999	<div><p>Conochitina cf. emmastensis NESTOR, 1982</p> <p>Pl. 4, figs. 1-5; pl. 9, figs. 11-14.</p> <p>cf. 1982 Conochitina emmastensis NESTOR, p. 108, pl. 1, figs. 1-3, text-fig. 1.</p> <p>cf. 1990 Conochitina emmastensis NESTOR, Dufka, p. 65, pl. 36, figs. 1-5.</p> <p>cf. 1993 Conochitina emmastensis NESTOR, Nestor, pl. 2, figs. 3-4.</p> <p>cf. 1994 Conochitina emmastensis NESTOR, Nestor p. 28-29, pl. 13, figs. 1-4.</p> <p>cf. 1995 Conochitina emmastensis NESTOR, Grahn, fig. 7A.</p> <p>cf. 2005 Conochitina emmastensis NESTOR, Nestor, pl. 2, fig. 2.</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: The chamber constitutes two thirds of the total length of the vesicle, it is conical, with straight or convex flanks. The maximal diameter of the vesicle is above the basal edge. The neck is tubular with a short colarette. A wide mucron occurs on the flate base. The basal edge is rounded.</p> <p>D i s c u s s i o n: C. emmastensis is longer, with a narrower neck, which can hardly be distinguished from the chamber.</p> <p>O c c u r r e n c e: Lower Silurian of the Prague Basin (Dufka, 1990): upper Aeronian to the lower Sheinwoodian (zones: M. sedgwickii,? M. riccartonensis).</p> <p>Estonia (Nestor, 1982): Adavere Formation to the Jaani Formation (M. sedgwickii to C. murchisoni), Aeronian to Sheinwoodian.</p> <p>Jaagarahu Core, Estonia (Nestor, 1993): Velisa Formation of the Adavere Stage (Llandovery) to the lower part of Mustjala Member of the Jaani Stage (Wenlock).</p> <p>Estonia and North Latvia (Nestor, 1994): Raikküla Stage to the Jaani Stage, chitinozoan biozones 7-10 (middle Aeronian to middle Telychian) and 12 (lower Sheinwoodian).</p> <p>Subsurface of Gotland (Grahn, 1995): from the Aeronian (zone M. sedgwickii) to the lower Sheinwoodian (zone C. centrifugus).</p> <p>Southwestern Estonia and northernmost Latvia (Nestor et Nestor, 2002): Staicele drill core (Latvia): upper part of the Rumba Formation (Adavere stage), chitinozoan biozone number 2; Ikla (Estonia) drill core: from Rumba Formation to the Tõlla Member, chitinozoan biozones number 1-4.</p> <p>West Estonian drill cores – Margachitina margaritana Biozone (Nestor, 2005): In Viki core and Kaugatuma core C. emmastensis appears in the Velise Formation (Llandovery), in Ohesaare core and Ruhnu core C. emmastensis was found in the Velise and Riga Formation close to the Llandovery – Wenlock boundary (the precise boundary is not known).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A6087800A36FFF7A184FD567CF1380A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Morávek, Radek	Morávek, Radek (2009): Lower Wenlock Chitinozoa From The Bykoš Locality (Silurian, Prague Basin, Barrandian Area, Czech Republic). Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B 65 (1 - 2): 37-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13183335
5A6087800A36FFF6A170FE8478CE3887.text	5A6087800A36FFF6A170FE8478CE3887.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conochitinidae EISENACK 1931	<div><p>Family Conochitinidae EISENACK, 1931 emend.</p> <p>PARIS, 1981</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A6087800A36FFF6A170FE8478CE3887	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Morávek, Radek	Morávek, Radek (2009): Lower Wenlock Chitinozoa From The Bykoš Locality (Silurian, Prague Basin, Barrandian Area, Czech Republic). Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B 65 (1 - 2): 37-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13183335
5A6087800A37FFF4A2D7FD007FD3380C.text	5A6087800A37FFF4A2D7FD007FD3380C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conochitina EISENACK, 1931 emend. PARIS, GRAHN, NESTOR et LAKOVA 1999	<div><p>Conochitina proboscifera EISENACK, 1937</p> <p>Pl. 5, figs. 8-11; pl. 9, figs. 5-7, 15.</p> <p>1937 Conochitina proboscifera EISENACK, p. 225, pl. 15, figs. 4-5.</p> <p>1974 Conochitina proboscifera EISENACK, Laufeld, p. 70-72, fig. 32 A-D.</p> <p>1982 Conochitina proboscifera EISENACK, Verniers, p. 35-36, pl. 1, figs. 1-17.</p> <p>1985 Conochitina proboscifera EISENACK Grahn, p. 160, pl. 1, figs. 12-13.</p> <p>1990 Conochitina proboscifera EISENACK, Dufka, p. 68, pl. 39, figs. 8-16.</p> <p>1993 Conochitina proboscifera EISENACK, Nestor, pl. 2, fig. 13- 14.</p> <p>1994 Conochitina proboscifera EISENACK, Nestor, p. 36, pl. 18, figs. 1-3.</p> <p>1995 Conochitina proboscifera EISENACK, Grahn, figs. 7 C-D.</p> <p>2002 Conochitina proboscifera EISENACK, Nestor et Nestor, pl. 1, fig. 12</p> <p>2004 Conochitina proboscifera EISENACK, Mullins et Aldridge, p. 758-762, pl. 3, fig. 13, pl. 6, figs. 3-14, pl. 7, figs. 10-12, pl. 8, figs. 1-2, 5, 7, 12.</p> <p>2005 Conochitina proboscifera EISENACK, Nestor, pl. 1, figs. 8- 9.</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Tubular vesicle with a hardly distinguishable neck. The neck is tubular or flared at the apertural pole. The chamber may be conical. The flanks are straight or slightly convex. The basal edge is rounded and the base is flat to convex with a tiny mucron. The mucron can be sunken and is then invisible. Ratio of maximal diamater to the length of vesicle is greater than 1:5 but less than 1:9.</p> <p>D i s c u s s i o n: The shape of Conochitina proboscifera sometimes resembles C. proboscifera f. truncata. The differentiation is made on the basis of the ratio of diameter and length of the vesicle.</p> <p>O c c u r r e n c e: Lower Silurian of the Prague Basin (Dufka, 1990): Sheinwoodian (zones: C. murchisoni, M. riccartonensis and C. rigidus).</p> <p>Hughley Brook section, Hughley, Shropshire (GSSP for the base of the Wenlock; Mullins et Aldridge, 2004), UK: C. proboscifera is distributed throughout unit G of the Buildways Formation.</p> <p>Gotland (Laufeld, 1974): From the lower Visby Beds to the top of the Högklint Beds (upper Telychian to the middle Sheinwoodian).</p> <p>Mehaigne area (Brabant Massif, Belgium; Verniers, 1981, 1982): From the Formation MB2A to the Formation MB5, Llandovery to early Wenlock.</p> <p>Southern Ohio (Grahn, 1985): Estill Shale (zones: M. crenulata to C. centrifugus).</p> <p>Jaagarahu Core, Estonia (Nestor, 1993): Velisa Formation of the Adavere Stage (Llandovery) to the Mustjala Member of the Jaani Stage (Wenlock).</p> <p>Estonia and North Latvia (Nestor, 1994): Adavere Stage to the Jaani stage, chitinozoan biozone 10 (middle Telychi- an), 12 and 13 (lower Sheinwoodian).</p> <p>Subsurface of Gotland (Grahn, 1995): from the Aeronian (zone M. sedgwickii) to the lower Sheinwoodian (zone C. murchisoni).</p> <p>Southwestern Estonia (Nestor et Nestor, 2002): Staicele (Estonia) drill core: middle part of Tõlla Member, chitinozoan biozone number 4.</p> <p>West Estonian drill cores – Margachitina margaritana Biozone (Nestor, 2005): C. proboscifera appears in all four sampled cores through the Llandovery-Wenlock boundary.</p> <p>Conochitina proboscifera EISENACK, 1937 forma truncata LAUFELD, 1974</p> <p>Pl. 5, figs. 1-7; pl. 9, figs. 1-4.</p> <p>1974 Conochitina proboscifera EISENACK forma truncata LAUFELD, p. 72, figs. 34D - E.</p> <p>1981 Conochitina proboscifera EISENACK forma truncata LAUFELD, Paris, p. 184-185, pl. 19, figs. 4, 7.</p> <p>1982 Conochitina proboscifera EISENACK forma truncata LAUFELD, Verniers, p. 35, pl. 1, figs. 3-9.</p> <p>1990 Conochitina proboscifera EISENACK forma truncata LAUFELD, Dufka, p. 70, pl. 40, figs. 3-4.</p> <p>1995 Conochitina proboscifera EISENACK forma truncata LAUFELD, Grahn, fig. 7F.</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Tubular to subtubular vesicle. The neck is tubular, sometimes tapering in the apertural pole. Flexure inconspicuous. The flanks are straight and parallel or convex. The shoulders can be well developed. Flat to convex base and with basal edge bluntly rounded. The mucron is wide. Ratio of the maximal diamater to length is from 1:4 to 1:5.</p> <p>D i s c u s s i o n: Vesicles from the Bykoš locality are very similar to the specimens depicted in Laufeld (1974).</p> <p>O c c u r r e n c e: Lower Silurian of the Prague Basin (Dufka, 1990): Sheinwoodian (zones:? C. murchisoni and C. riccartonensis).</p> <p>Gotland (Laufeld, 1974): From the upper Visby Beds to the top of the Slite Marl (lower to the middle Sheinwoodian).</p> <p>Coupé du Rocher and coupé de la Lande-Murée, France (Paris, 1981): zone M. turriculatus (upper Llandovery).</p> <p>Mehaigne area (Brabant Massif, Belgium; Verniers, 1981, 1982): see occurence of C. proboscifera.</p> <p>Subsurface of Gotland (Grahn, 1995): from the upper Telychi- an (zone M. spiralis) to the Sheinwoodian (zone M. belophorus).</p> <p>1932 Conochitina tuba EISENACK, p. 271, pl. 12, figs. 8-10. 1974 Conochitina tuba EISENACK, Laufeld, p. 72-73, fig. 36. 1982 Conochitina tuba EISENACK, Verniers, p. 37, pl. 3, figs. 51-54. 1990 Conochitina tuba EISENACK, Dufka, p. 72, pl. 42, figs. 1-3. 1994 Conochitina tuba EISENACK, Nestor, p. 39, pl. 19, figs. 1-4. 2002 Conochitina tuba EISENACK, Nestor et Nestor, pl. 2, fig. 1.</p> <p>Conochitina proboscifera EISENACK, 1937 forma gracilis LAUFELD, 1974</p> <p>Pl. 9, figs. 8-10.</p> <p>1974 Conochitina proboscifera EISENACK forma gracilis LAUFELD, p. 72, figs. 34 A-C.</p> <p>1990 Conochitina proboscifera forma gracilis EISENACK forma gracilis LAUFELD, Dufka, p. 71, pl. 40, figs. 5-9.</p> <p>1995 Conochitina proboscifera EISENACK forma gracilis LAUFELD, Grahn, fig. 7E.</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Very rarely found specimens with extreme ratio of maximal width to length of vesicles – more than 1:8. Tubular to subtubular vesicle. The neck is not diferentiated from the chamber and is tapering in the apertural pole. The base is convex and the basal edge is round- ed. The mucron is wide if at all visible.</p> <p>D i s c u s s i o n: This species can be differentiated from C. proboscifera by its greater length to diameter ratio.</p> <p>O c c u r r e n c e: Lower Silurian of the Prague Basin (Dufka, 1990): Upper Sheinwoodian (zones: C. perneri and C. ramosus).</p> <p>Gotland (Laufeld, 1974): From the upper Visby Beds to the lowermost Högklint Beds (lower Sheinwoodian).</p> <p>Mehaigne area (Brabant Massif, Belgium; Verniers, 1981, 1982): see occurence of C. proboscifera.</p> <p>Subsurface of Gotland (Grahn, 1995): from the upper Telychian (zone M. spiralis) to the Sheinwoodian (M. riccartonensis).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A6087800A37FFF4A2D7FD007FD3380C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Morávek, Radek	Morávek, Radek (2009): Lower Wenlock Chitinozoa From The Bykoš Locality (Silurian, Prague Basin, Barrandian Area, Czech Republic). Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B 65 (1 - 2): 37-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13183335
5A6087800A34FFF4A1D9FE96780C3C8E.text	5A6087800A34FFF4A1D9FE96780C3C8E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conochitina EISENACK, 1931 emend. PARIS, GRAHN, NESTOR et LAKOVA 1999	<div><p>Conochitina tuba EISENACK, 1932</p> <p>Pl. 6, figs. 4-7.</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Conochitina with tubular vesicle. The flexure is inconspicious, flanks are straight to convex. Base is flat to convex and the basal edge is rounded. The mucron is sunken. The neck is tubular and clearly diferentiated from the chamber.</p> <p>D i s c u s s i o n: C. tuba differs from C. proboscifera f. truncata by a clearly differentiated neck and a lower ratio of length to width of the vesicle. However, these ratios can be excceded. C. tuba occurs in the upper part of the profile only.</p> <p>O c c u r r e n c e: Lower Silurian of the Prague Basin (Dufka, 1990): Homerian (zone: C. lundgreni).</p> <p>Gotland (Laufeld, 1974): From the Slite Beds to the Hemse beds (upper Sheinwoodian to the Ludfordian).</p> <p>Mehaigne area (Brabant Massif, Belgium; Verniers, 1981, 1982): From the formation MB7 to the formation MB8, middle to late Wenlock.</p> <p>Estonia and North Latvia (Nestor, 1994): Jaani stage to the Rootsiküla stage, chitinozoan biozone 15 to 22; middle Sheinwoodian to upper Homerian.</p> <p>Southwestern Estonia and northernmost Latvia (Nestor et Nestor, 2002): Staicele (Estonia) drill core: upper part of the Tõlla Member to the Sõrve Formation, chitinozoan biozone numbers 5-11; Ikla (Estonia) drill core: from the Paramaja Member to the Jamaja Formation, chitinozoan biozone numbers 5-8.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A6087800A34FFF4A1D9FE96780C3C8E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Morávek, Radek	Morávek, Radek (2009): Lower Wenlock Chitinozoa From The Bykoš Locality (Silurian, Prague Basin, Barrandian Area, Czech Republic). Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B 65 (1 - 2): 37-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13183335
5A6087800A34FFF5A631F87B7D5A39CC.text	5A6087800A34FFF5A631F87B7D5A39CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conochitina undefined-A	<div><p>Conochitina sp. A</p> <p>Pl. 4, figs. 6, 8, 9; pl. 6, figs.8-10.</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Tubular vesicle with straight to convex flanks. It is not possible to distinguish the neck. The basal edge is very rounded to rounded and the base is convex or very convex. The shoulders are not clearly developed. The neck is tapering in the apertural pole. A wide mucron is developed.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A6087800A34FFF5A631F87B7D5A39CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Morávek, Radek	Morávek, Radek (2009): Lower Wenlock Chitinozoa From The Bykoš Locality (Silurian, Prague Basin, Barrandian Area, Czech Republic). Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B 65 (1 - 2): 37-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13183335
5A6087800A35FFF5A1BEFB09798E3C0D.text	5A6087800A35FFF5A1BEFB09798E3C0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Angochitina EISENACK 1931	<div><p>Genus Angochitina EISENACK, 1931</p> <p>Type species: Angochitina echinata EISENACK, 1931</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A6087800A35FFF5A1BEFB09798E3C0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Morávek, Radek	Morávek, Radek (2009): Lower Wenlock Chitinozoa From The Bykoš Locality (Silurian, Prague Basin, Barrandian Area, Czech Republic). Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B 65 (1 - 2): 37-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13183335
5A6087800A35FFF5A600FA9A7FA03F8A.text	5A6087800A35FFF5A600FA9A7FA03F8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Angochitina undefined-A	<div><p>Angochitina sp. A</p> <p>Pl. 10, figs. 11-13.</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Vesicles of this species are poorly preserved. Spherical to ovoid chamber. Sphericity of the chamber (maximal diameter of the vesicle divided by length of the chamber) is between 0.53 and 0.72 (average is 0.71). The chamber constitutes half to three quarters of the vesicle length. Spines are observed very rarely and are sparsely distributed over the whole surface of the chitinozoa. The neck is tubular.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A6087800A35FFF5A600FA9A7FA03F8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Morávek, Radek	Morávek, Radek (2009): Lower Wenlock Chitinozoa From The Bykoš Locality (Silurian, Prague Basin, Barrandian Area, Czech Republic). Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B 65 (1 - 2): 37-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13183335
5A6087800A35FFF5A35BFD3D7E8E3ACF.text	5A6087800A35FFF5A35BFD3D7E8E3ACF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conochitina undefined-B	<div><p>Conochitina sp. B</p> <p>Pl. 4, figs. 7, 10; pl. 8, figs. 1-5.</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Tubular vesicles with parallel flanks. The neck is not distinguishable. The flanks are straight or slightly convex. The basal edge is rounded to sharp. The mucron occurs on the flat base. The outline of the vesicle is rectangular.</p> <p>D i s c u s s i o n: The rectangular shape of vesicle clearly distinguishes these specimens from others.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A6087800A35FFF5A35BFD3D7E8E3ACF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Morávek, Radek	Morávek, Radek (2009): Lower Wenlock Chitinozoa From The Bykoš Locality (Silurian, Prague Basin, Barrandian Area, Czech Republic). Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B 65 (1 - 2): 37-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13183335
5A6087800A35FFF5A358FA4778C239CC.text	5A6087800A35FFF5A358FA4778C239CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conochitina undefined-C	<div><p>Conochitina sp. C</p> <p>Pl. 6, figs. 1-3; pl. 8, figs. 6-9.</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Conochitina with flat or concave base, rounded basal edge. Straight to convex flanks. Maximal width is near to the middle of the vesicle’s length. The neck is short and it is usually widened in the apertural direction.</p> <p>D i s c u s s i o n: This species differs from Conochitina sp. B in the location of the maximal diameter of the vesicle and by the widening of the neck.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A6087800A35FFF5A358FA4778C239CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Morávek, Radek	Morávek, Radek (2009): Lower Wenlock Chitinozoa From The Bykoš Locality (Silurian, Prague Basin, Barrandian Area, Czech Republic). Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B 65 (1 - 2): 37-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13183335
5A6087800A35FFF5A601FED678BF3DAA.text	5A6087800A35FFF5A601FED678BF3DAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conochitina undefined-D	<div><p>Conochitina sp. D</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Tubular vesicles with cylindrical neck. The shoulders are well developed and flanks are convex. The chamber constitutes half or more of the total length of the vesicle. The basal edge is rounded and the base is flat to convex. The mucron is visible.</p> <p>D i s c u s s i o n: Specimens resemble Conochitina armilata? described by Verniers (1982, p. 29) in their shapes and sizes. Range of Conochitina armilata? in the Brabant massif is from MB7 to MB8 (Midlle to Late Wenlock).</p> <p>Family Lagenochitinidae EISENACK, 1931 emend. PARIS, 1981</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A6087800A35FFF5A601FED678BF3DAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Morávek, Radek	Morávek, Radek (2009): Lower Wenlock Chitinozoa From The Bykoš Locality (Silurian, Prague Basin, Barrandian Area, Czech Republic). Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B 65 (1 - 2): 37-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13183335
5A6087800A3AFFFAA35EFA6F7880386C.text	5A6087800A3AFFFAA35EFA6F7880386C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ancyrochitina undefined-A	<div><p>Ancyrochitina sp. A</p> <p>Pl. 6, figs. 13, 14.</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Chitinozoa with lenticular shaped chamber. The chamber constitutes one third to half of the vesicle length. The neck is tubular, slightly flaring. Only remnants of the spines are observed on the neck. The broadly rounded basal edge bears processes, sometimes very long.</p> <p>D i s c u s s i o n: Some specimens of Ancyrochitina sp. B can resemble Ancyrochitina sp. A. There is a slight difference between the lenticular shape of vesicle and conical shape of vesicle with convex flanks and convex base. Specimens of these two species could not be to distinguished by the size variation.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A6087800A3AFFFAA35EFA6F7880386C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Morávek, Radek	Morávek, Radek (2009): Lower Wenlock Chitinozoa From The Bykoš Locality (Silurian, Prague Basin, Barrandian Area, Czech Republic). Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B 65 (1 - 2): 37-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13183335
5A6087800A3AFFFAA604FE7679833BE6.text	5A6087800A3AFFFAA604FE7679833BE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ancyrochitina undefined-B	<div><p>Ancyrochitina sp. B</p> <p>Pl. 3, figs. 7, 8, pl. 8, figs. 10-13.</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Ancyrochitina with a conical chamber. Flanks of the chamber are sometimes convex. The neck is tubular, in some cases widened in an apertural direction. The base is flat to convex. Processes are on the basal edge. Processes can be present on the neck. The chamber constitutes one third to more than half of the length of the vesicle. The basal edge is rounded to sharp. The wall of the vesicle is very thin at the apertural pole, hence often broken.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A6087800A3AFFFAA604FE7679833BE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Morávek, Radek	Morávek, Radek (2009): Lower Wenlock Chitinozoa From The Bykoš Locality (Silurian, Prague Basin, Barrandian Area, Czech Republic). Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B 65 (1 - 2): 37-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13183335
5A6087800A3AFFFAA604FB5C797B3C51.text	5A6087800A3AFFFAA604FB5C797B3C51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ancyrochitina undefined-C	<div><p>Ancyrochitina sp. C</p> <p>Pl. 3, fig. 9; pl. 10, figs. 6-10.</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Ancyrochitina with spherical to ovoid chamber. The neck is tubular and constitutes half or less than half of the total length of the vesicle. Processes are present on the chamber, and sometimes on the neck.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A6087800A3AFFFAA604FB5C797B3C51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Morávek, Radek	Morávek, Radek (2009): Lower Wenlock Chitinozoa From The Bykoš Locality (Silurian, Prague Basin, Barrandian Area, Czech Republic). Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B 65 (1 - 2): 37-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13183335
5A6087800A3AFFFAA2D4FBE47DB73C67.text	5A6087800A3AFFFAA2D4FBE47DB73C67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ancyrochitininae PARIS 1981	<div><p>Subfamily Ancyrochitininae PARIS, 1981</p> <p>Genus Ancyrochitina EISENACK, 1955</p> <p>Type species: Conochitina ancyrea EISENACK, 1931</p> <p>N o t e s: The vesicles from the lowest part of the profile were poorly preserved. Processes were often destroyed. The ramification of processes is rarely preserved. For this reason, the majority of the Ancyrochitina can be divided into three morphotypes only.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A6087800A3AFFFAA2D4FBE47DB73C67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Morávek, Radek	Morávek, Radek (2009): Lower Wenlock Chitinozoa From The Bykoš Locality (Silurian, Prague Basin, Barrandian Area, Czech Republic). Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B 65 (1 - 2): 37-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13183335
5A6087800A3AFFFBA1B0F8D67E1C39EC.text	5A6087800A3AFFFBA1B0F8D67E1C39EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ancyrochitina EISENACK 1955	<div><p>Ancyrochitina cf. pedavis LAUFELD, 1974</p> <p>Pl. 6, figs. 11-12.</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Ancyrochitina with typical ramified processess on the base of the chamber. The ramified processes are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vesicles. The chamber is conical, with a tubular, slightly flaring neck. The chamber constitutes more than half of the total length. The basal edge is broadly rounded to rounded.</p> <p>D i s c u s s i o n: Only two specimes were found. The observations were not verified by SEM.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A6087800A3AFFFBA1B0F8D67E1C39EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Morávek, Radek	Morávek, Radek (2009): Lower Wenlock Chitinozoa From The Bykoš Locality (Silurian, Prague Basin, Barrandian Area, Czech Republic). Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B 65 (1 - 2): 37-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13183335
