identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
597587E28F1AFFE6FF6CF906FB402DE1.text	597587E28F1AFFE6FF6CF906FB402DE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cloeonini Newman 1853	<div><p>Tribe Cloeonini Newman 1853</p><p>Branch “6”: Kluge &amp; Novikova 1992: Fig. 11</p><p>Hierarchical name: Cloeon /fg1: Kluge 2011: 362</p><p>Diagnosis. Larva. Labial palp with 3rd segment truncate and 2nd segment non-widened. Patella-tibial suture equally developed on all legs, often interrupted on outer side and continued by row of fine setae (Figs 20, 56; Kluge &amp; Novikova 1992: Fig. 1: 1, 2). Claws slightly bent, symmetric, either with two equal rows of denticles, or without denticles. At least abdominal segment IX with denticles on lateral sides. Tergalii able to rhythmical respiratory movements. Tergalii without anal rib, anal margin with or without flap forming additional dorsal lamella.</p><p>Pose of developing subimaginal gonostyli in mature larva of the « Cloeon - type », i.e. with 2nd segments directed laterally and 3rd segments bent medially (Kluge &amp; Novikova 1992: Fig. 5).</p><p>Winged stages. Fore wing with no more than one intercalary vein in each space. Hind wing either absent, or of the « Centroptilum - type », i.e. narrow, with 2 longitudinal veins and always with hooked costal process. Postsubalar sclerite (well visible on subimaginal exuviae) has posterior-dorsal process narrow, with concave dorsal margin (Fig. 37). Subimaginal tarsi of all legs covered by pointed microlepides, without blunt microlepides. In male imago apices of gonovectes fused with penial bridge; penial bridge medially with unpaired sclerotized projection (Figs 30, 65). Gonostyli with 2nd segment widened apically, 3rd (terminal) segment small and petiolate (Figs 30, 65).</p><p>Composition. Includes genera Cloeon, Similicloeon, Pseudocentroptilum and Procloeon .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/597587E28F1AFFE6FF6CF906FB402DE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kluge, Nikita J.	Kluge, Nikita J. (2016): A new subgenus Oculogaster subgen. n. for viviparous representatives of Procloeon s. l., with discussion about status of the generic name Austrocloeon Barnard 1932 and the species name africanum Esben-Petersen 1913 [Cloeon] (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). Zootaxa 4107 (4): 491-516, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4107.4.2
597587E28F19FFE6FF6CFD93FAD5282B.text	597587E28F19FFE6FF6CFD93FAD5282B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cloeon Leach 1815	<div><p>Genus Cloeon Leach 1815</p><p>Hierarchical name: Cloeon /fg2: Kluge 2011: 362</p><p>Type species: Ephemera diptera Linnaeus 1761 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Larva. Additional dorsal lamella of tergalii II–VI always present, with anterior-proximal projection (in contrast to all other taxa); additional dorsal lamella of tergalius I lanceolate, without proximal projection. Labial palp with 3rd segment (truncate) either widened, or non-widened. Cerci and paracercus with long bare last segments. In contrast to Procloeon, distal part of cercus without one large spine on each segment (several spines can be present on lateral side of each segment).</p><p>Winged stages. In male imago unpaired sclerotized projection of penial bridge conical. Female imago usually with more or less expressed coloration of costal and subcostal field; color pattern of these fields either speciesspecific, or varies individually. Known species lack hind wings. Viviparous.</p><p>Distribution. Dominate in Afrotropical and Oriental Regions; few species in Holarctic and Australia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/597587E28F19FFE6FF6CFD93FAD5282B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kluge, Nikita J.	Kluge, Nikita J. (2016): A new subgenus Oculogaster subgen. n. for viviparous representatives of Procloeon s. l., with discussion about status of the generic name Austrocloeon Barnard 1932 and the species name africanum Esben-Petersen 1913 [Cloeon] (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). Zootaxa 4107 (4): 491-516, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4107.4.2
597587E28F19FFE6FF6CFBEFFCDA2B79.text	597587E28F19FFE6FF6CFBEFFCDA2B79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Similicloeon Kluge & Novikova 1992	<div><p>Genus Similicloeon Kluge &amp; Novikova 1992</p><p>= Intercloeon Kluge &amp; Novikova 1992, syn. n.</p><p>Hierarchical name: Similicloeon /g1: Kluge 2011: 362</p><p>Type species: Cloeon simile Eaton 1870 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Larva. In contrast to Cloeon, additional dorsal lamella of tergalii without anterior-proximal projection; dorsal lamella may be absent on tergalii of some posterior pairs. Labial palp with 3rd segment (truncate) either widened, or non-widened. Cerci and paracercus with long bare last segments (as in Cloeon, in contrast to Pseudocentroptilum and Procloeon). In contrast to Procloeon, distal part of cercus without one large spine on each segment (Kluge &amp; Novikova 1992: Fig. 5: 10–13).</p><p>Winged stages. In contrast to Cloeon, unpaired sclerotized projection of penial bridge semicircular or truncate; fore wing of female not colored. Known species without hind wings. Oviparous.</p><p>Distribution. For certain known from Palaearctic Region.</p><p>Composition. Similicloeon petropolitanum (Kluge &amp; Novikova 1992 [ Cloeon (Intercloeon)]) comb. n., Similicloeon praetextum (Bengtsson 1914 [ Cloeon]) comb. n., Similicloeon schoenemundi (Bengtsson 1936 [ Cloeon]) comb. n., Similicloeon simile (Eaton 1870 [ Cloeon]) comb. n., Similicloeon spiniventre (Kluge &amp; Novikova 1992 [ Cloeon (Intercloeon)]) comb. n.</p><p>Discussion. Originally, Intercloeon was separated from Similicloeon by widened labial palp, which was regarded to be a synapomorphy of Intercloeon and Procloeon (Kluge &amp; Novikova 1992) . Actually, this character repeatedly appears among Cloeonini, that is proven by the fact that both widened and non-widened labial palps are found among species of the holophyletic taxon Cloeon s.str.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/597587E28F19FFE6FF6CFBEFFCDA2B79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kluge, Nikita J.	Kluge, Nikita J. (2016): A new subgenus Oculogaster subgen. n. for viviparous representatives of Procloeon s. l., with discussion about status of the generic name Austrocloeon Barnard 1932 and the species name africanum Esben-Petersen 1913 [Cloeon] (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). Zootaxa 4107 (4): 491-516, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4107.4.2
597587E28F19FFE7FF6CF867FD612E51.text	597587E28F19FFE7FF6CF867FD612E51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudocentroptilum Bogoescu 1947	<div><p>Genus Pseudocentroptilum Bogoescu 1947</p><p>Hierarchical name: Pseudocentroptilum /g(1)</p><p>Type species: Pseudocentroptilum motasi Bogoescu 1947 (junior synonym of Cloeon unguiculatum Tshernova 1941).</p><p>Diagnosis. Larva. In contrast to Cloeon, additional dorsal lamella of tergalii without anterior-proximal projection. Labial palp with 3rd segment (truncate) widened. Cerci and paracercus without long bare last segments (the same in Procloeon). In contrast to Procloeon, distal part of cercus without one large spine on each segment [most segments with more than one enlarged spine on lateral side (Kluge &amp; Novikova 1992: Fig. 7: 10–11)].</p><p>Winged stages. In contrast to Cloeon, unpaired sclerotized projection of penial bridge semicircular or truncate; fore wing of female not colored. Single known species with hind wings. Oviparous.</p><p>Distribution. Palaearctic Region.</p><p>Composition. One species, Pseudocentroptilum unguiculatum (Tshernova 1941 [ Cloeon]) comb. n. (= Pseudocentroptilum motasi Bogoescu 1947).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/597587E28F19FFE7FF6CF867FD612E51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kluge, Nikita J.	Kluge, Nikita J. (2016): A new subgenus Oculogaster subgen. n. for viviparous representatives of Procloeon s. l., with discussion about status of the generic name Austrocloeon Barnard 1932 and the species name africanum Esben-Petersen 1913 [Cloeon] (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). Zootaxa 4107 (4): 491-516, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4107.4.2
597587E28F18FFE7FF6CFD65FCA32910.text	597587E28F18FFE7FF6CFD65FCA32910.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procloeon Bengtsson 1915	<div><p>Genus Procloeon Bengtsson 1915</p><p>= Pseudocloeon Bengtsson 1914 (non Pseudocloeon Klapalek 1905) Branch “11”: Kluge &amp; Novikova 1992: Fig. 11</p><p>Hierarchical name: Procloeon /g1: Kluge 2011: 362</p><p>Type species: Cloeon bifidum Bengtsson 1912 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Larva. On lateral side of distal part of cercus each segment bears one greatly enlarged spine (Figs 22, 60) (unique autapomorphy, not found in any other taxa). Cerci and paracercus without long bare last segments (the same in Pseudocentroptilum). In contrast to Cloeon, additional dorsal lamella of tergalii without anteriorproximal projection; in some species dorsal lamella is lost. Labial palp with 3rd segment (truncate) always widened.</p><p>Winged stages. In contrast to Cloeon, unpaired sclerotized projection of penial bridge semicircular or truncate; fore wing of female not colored. Hind wings present or absent. Oviparous or viviparous.</p><p>Distribution. Holarctic, Oriental and Afrotropical Regions.</p><p>Composition. The genus Procloeon сan be divided into several subgenera, among which the largest nominative subgenus Procloeon s.str. is a plesiomorphon ancestral to subgenera Pseudocentroptiloides Jacob (in Jacob &amp; Glazaczow) 1987, Oculogaster sugen. n., and others.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/597587E28F18FFE7FF6CFD65FCA32910	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kluge, Nikita J.	Kluge, Nikita J. (2016): A new subgenus Oculogaster subgen. n. for viviparous representatives of Procloeon s. l., with discussion about status of the generic name Austrocloeon Barnard 1932 and the species name africanum Esben-Petersen 1913 [Cloeon] (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). Zootaxa 4107 (4): 491-516, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4107.4.2
597587E28F18FFE0FF6CFA61FEE62B5E.text	597587E28F18FFE0FF6CFA61FEE62B5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procloeon (Oculogaster)	<div><p>Subgenus Oculogaster subgen. n.</p><p>(Figs 1–79)</p><p>Hierarchical name: Oculogaster /g(1)</p><p>= Austrocloeon /g(1): Kluge 2011: 362</p><p>Type species: Procloeon cylindroculum Kimmins 1956 .</p><p>Etymology. From oculus (Latin), eye, and γαστηρ (Greek) or gastrum (Latin), abdomen. The name refers to many black eyes and ocelli of embryos visible through integument of female imago inside its abdomen and other body parts (Figs 38, 39, 41, 76–79).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>(1) Viviparous. Mature female imago is filled with embryos at such stage of development, when eyes and ocelli represent 5 black spots and mandibles have well sclerotized biting projections (incisor, kinetodontium and mola) (Figs 38, 39, 42). These embryos are not covered with rigid egg chorion, so that their black eyes and ocelli are well visible through the mother's integument (Figs 41, 76–79). In mature female larvae, in female subimagoes and in young female imago reared in cage, eggs are small and soft, without embryos; probably, embryos are developed only in fertilized females. Among Ephemeroptera, besides Oculogaster, viviparity is known only for Cloeon s.str. and Callibaetis .</p><p>(2) Pterostigma with one vein only; this vein is always well-expressed, complete, oblique and non-branched (Figs 32, 67). Among more than 300 specimens examined, only 4 aberrant specimens of P. (O.) cylindroculum were found: 2 male imagoes from Uganda and 2 female imagoes from Mali have 2 or 1½ veins in pterostigma of one wing and one vein in pterostigma of another wing. In all other mayfly taxa number of veins in pterostigma is more than one and varies individually.</p><p>(3) Larvae of both known species constantly have two or more enlarged spine-like setae on apex of femur (Figs 20, 56). In most other examined larvae of Procloeon s. l., apex of femur either lacks setae, or bears occasional seta(e) as small as setae on outer side of femur.</p><p>Distribution. Afrotropical and Oriental Regions.</p><p>Composition. Two species, P. (O.) cylindroculum Kimmins 1956 and P. (O.) album sp.n. Possibly, here belongs also the species described as Cloeon julia Gillies 1949; it is known as a single female imago from Malaya Peninsula; according to the original description, it has one vein in pterostigma and "might be placed in the genus Procloeon " (Gillies 1949: 176).</p><p>Status of the name Austrocloeon . One of the species included to the subgenus Oculogaster, namely P. (O.) cylindroculum, probably is conspecific with the species erroneously determined by Barnard (1932) as Cloeon africanum Esben-Petersen 1913 [see discussion under P. (O.) cylindroculum], which was designated as the type species of the generic name Austrocloeon Barnard 1932 .</p><p>Barnard (1932) established the genus Austrocloeon to comprise two species, Austrocloeon africanum (Esben- Petersen 1913) and Austrocloeon virgiliae Barnard 1932 . Subsequently Barnard (1940) designated A. africanum as the type species of Austrocloeon . The genus Austrocloeon was originally characterized as combining characters ascribed to the genera Cloeon and to Procloeon: (1) labial palp apically clavate (as in Procloeon, in contrast to Cloeon), (2) maxillary palp 2-jointed (as in Procloeon, in contrast to Cloeon), (3) tergalii with dorsal lamella (as in Cloeon, in contrast to Procloeon). This comparison was based on the Bengtsson's (1914) diagnosis of the genus Procloeon (under the preoccupied name “ Pseudocloeon ”), which was based on a single species Procloeon bifidum (Bengtsson 1912) . Actually, these characters are species-specific or even individual ones: among African species of Cloeon s.str., last segment of labial palp varies from narrow (i.g., in Cloeon perkinsi Barnard 1932) to wide (e.g., in Cloeon smaeleni Lestage1924b) (Gillies 1980 and my own observation); number of segments of maxillary palp can vary even individually (e.g., Kluge &amp; Novikova 1992: Fig. 9: 20–22); presence/absence of the additional dorsal lamella on tergalii varies among species of Procloeon and individually (Kluge &amp; Novikova 1992). The species virgiliae [ Austrocloeon] belongs to Cloeon s. str. (Gillies 1985), and the species determined by Barnard as africanum [ Cloeon], belongs to Procloeon (Kimmins 1956, Gillies 1997). Recently the generic name Austrocloeon is out of use, being either declared to be a junior subjective synonym of Cloeon (Demoulin 1970), or treated as a junior subjective synonym of Procloeon (e.g., Kimmins 1956, Gillies 1997). The question is, to which taxon in the new classification should be applied the genus-group name Austrocloeon .</p><p>As shown below, the species identified by Barnard (1932) as C. africanum, is not conspecific with the holotype of this species name, so the original description of Austrocloeon was based on misidentified type species. According to the Article 70.3 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, “If an author discovers that a type species was misidentified ... the author may select, and thereby fix as type species, the species that will, in his or her judgment, best serve stability and universality, either (70.3.1.) the nominal species previously cited as type species [Arts. 68, 69], or (70.3.2.) the taxonomic species actually involved in the misidentification”. I regard that in this case fixation of the nominal species is preferable, because the taxon originally described under the generic name Austrocloeon had neither characters, nor formal composition common with the taxon recently proposed for P. (O.) cylindroculum and P. (O.) album . Thus, the type species of Austrocloeon Barnard 1932 is the species, to which belongs the holotype of Cloeon africanum Esben-Petersen 1913, but not the species described by Barnard (1932) under this name. According to this type designation, Austrocloeon is not the senior synonym of Oculogaster subgen. n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/597587E28F18FFE0FF6CFA61FEE62B5E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kluge, Nikita J.	Kluge, Nikita J. (2016): A new subgenus Oculogaster subgen. n. for viviparous representatives of Procloeon s. l., with discussion about status of the generic name Austrocloeon Barnard 1932 and the species name africanum Esben-Petersen 1913 [Cloeon] (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). Zootaxa 4107 (4): 491-516, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4107.4.2
597587E28F1FFFE9FF6CF873FB9D2D83.text	597587E28F1FFFE9FF6CF873FB9D2D83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procloeon (Oculogaster) cylindroculum Kimmins 1956	<div><p>Procloeon (Oculogaster) cylindroculum Kimmins 1956</p><p>(Figs 1–42)</p><p>? Austrocloeon africanum: Barnard 1932: 217 (♀ imago, larva) (non Cloeon africanum Esben-Petersen 1913);</p><p>? Procloeon africanum: Kimmins 1956: 866; Gillies 1997: 247;</p><p>Procloeon cylindroculum Kimmins 1956: 865 (♂ imago); Kimmins 1960: 341 (♀ imago, ♂ and ♀ subimago); Kimmins 1971 (holotype); Gillies 1997: 247 (♀ imago, larva);</p><p>Cloeon cylindroculum: Demoulin 1970: 55; Gillies 1979: 155 (♂ imago); Gillies 1980: 145 (♂ and ♀ imago, larva); Gillies 1985: 8;</p><p>? Procloeon sylvicola Gillies 1997: 248 (♀ imago, ♂ subimago, larva).</p><p>Material examined. ZAMBIA, River Luangwa near bridge, 2–7.VIII.2014, coll. N. Kluge &amp; L. Sheyko: 3 L-S-I♂, 1 L/S♂, 3 L-S♀; River Zambezi above Victoria Falls, 25–31.VIII.2014, coll. N. Kluge &amp; L. Sheyko: 1 I ♀ (filled with embryos), 15 I ♀ (empty, without embryos). UGANDA: River Victoria Nile at Bujagali Falls, 6–10.VII.2007, coll. N. Kluge: 1 L-S-I♀, 1 L♀, 1 L/S♂, 2 S-I♀; Lake Victoria in Jinja, 6–10.VII.2007, coll. N. Kluge: 147 I♂, 5 S♂, 3 I ♀ (filled with embryos), 13 S♀; Entebbe, airport, 5.IX.2007, coll. N. Kluge: 2 I ♂, 2 S-I♀. MALI: River Bafing near Manantali, August– February 1990, 1991 and 1992, coll. W. Tobias &amp; D. Tobias: 113 I♀ (partly with embryos), 1 S♂.</p><p>Descriptions. Larva. CUTICULAR COLORATION. Head with diffusive brownish and colorless areas. Pronotum and mesonotum ocher or brownish with diffusive lighter and darker areas; cuticle of fore protoptera either nearly unicolor, or with darker brown stripes along convex veins and stripes lighter than background along concave veins (Fig. 26). Metanotum and thoracic pleura with diffusive colorless and brownish areas, thoracic sterna colorless. Legs colorless, with diffusive brown bands in distal part of femur, in proximal part of tibia and in proximal part of tarsus. Abdominal terga with variable maculation; abdominal sterna lighter than terga, either unicolor, or with diffusive lighter and darker areas (Figs 23–25). Caudalii ocher with posterior margin of each 4-th segment brown (Fig. 21).</p><p>HYPODERMAL COLORATION. Mature larva with markings characteristic for winged stages: mature male larva with reddish coloration on posterior part of abdominal tergum VII and terga VIII–IX; middle terga either without hypodermal markings, or with pair of reddish spots on abdominal tergum IV (Fig. 35); mature female larva with pair of curved stripes along thorax and abdomen (Fig. 36).</p><p>SHAPE AND SETATION. Mandibles with incisor and kinetodontium fused more than to middle, with ventral denticle well-developed; incisor of right mandible with 2nd denticle shortest; right prostheca apically with 3–6 short parallel processes (Figs 8–10). Maxillary palp 2-segmented (Fig. 28). Labium with glossae and paraglossae of subequal size, palp with median angle moderately projected (as in Figs 47–48). Femora with very small spine-like setae on outer and inner sides, with 2 (rarely 3) larger pointed spine-like setae on outer side near apex (Fig. 20). Claws moderately long, with two rows of minute denticles in proximal part and two rows of larger denticles reaching mid-length of claw (Fig. 19). Hind protoptera completely absent. Lateral spines on abdominal segments V–IX, occasionally also on segments IV and III, with numbers varying on abdominal segments III–IX as follows: III 0–1, IV 0–1, V 2–4, VI 3–4, VII 3–5, VIII 5–7, IX 5–7. Posterolateral spines present on segments II–IX, being minute on anterior segments. Posterior margin of abdominal tergum I with few small sparse spine-like pointed denticles; posterior margins of terga II–X with larger spine-like pointed denticles of unequal length; tergum X with sublateral denticles longest (Fig. 21; as in Fig. 61). Abdominal terga with short scales in wide semilunar or Wshaped non-operculated sockets, with sparse simple fine setae (similar to Fig. 62). Posterior margins of abdominal sterna I–V smooth, posterior margins of sterna VI–IX and paraprocts with spine-like pointed denticles of unequal length. Abdominal sterna with sparse scales and sparse fine setae; in lateral areas of sterna both simple and bifid fine setae vary from small to very long, located sparsely and irregularly, not forming rows or groups (as in Fig. 63). Tergalius I with costal rib very short and lacking denticles; tergalii II–VI with 2–5 denticles on apex of costal rib, tergalius VII with 4–10 denticles on costal rib; dorsal lamella present either on tergalii I–VI (Figs 1–7), or I–V (Figs 11–17). In distal part of cercus spine on lateral side of each segment subequal or 1.5 times longer than next segment (Fig. 22).</p><p>Subimago. CUTICULAR COLORATION. Head colorless. Pronotum with diffusive light brownish and colorless areas. Mesonotum light brownish with sutures darker brown, with large colorless areas occupying anterior part of submedioscutum and posterior scutal protuberance (Fig. 27). Thoracic pleura at most colorless, with some sclerites light brownish (Fig. 37). Legs nearly colorless. Abdomen very light brownish with pair of diffusive darker triangular maculae adjacent to posterior margin of each tergum. Caudalii colorless. HYPODERMAL COLORATION. As in imago.</p><p>TEXTURE. On fore leg of male and female 1st tarsal segment covered mainly with microtrichiae (as tibia), at apex with pointed microlepides; all other tarsal segments entirely covered with pointed microlepides.</p><p>Imago, male (Figs 33–34). Head brown with ocher. Turbinate eyes cylindrical or widened at apex; color varies from orange to dark red. Thorax brown; sterna somewhat lighter than terga; membranes of pleura either ocher, or white. Legs pale ocher or whitish. In reared specimen from Zambia, ratio femur / tibia / tarsal segments on fore leg 100:140:5:72:44:23:16, on middle and hind leg 85:80:35:12:3:14. Middle and hind legs without apical spine of 1st+2nd tarsomere, with single apical spine on primary 3rd tarsomere. Fore wing widest at proximal part; membrane colorless, veins light brown; pterostigma with one oblique vein, no other veins in costal field (among more than 300 specimen examined, only 4 specimens have 2 or 1½ veins in pterostigma of one wing). Marginal intercalary present at least in each 2nd space, namely in spaces located behind convex vein; in spaces located behind concave veins marginal intercalary either absent (Figs 32, 33), or present. Hind wing absent. Abdominal terga I–VI translucent, whitish, either unicolor, or with posterior margins slightly darkened; tergum IV either as others (Fig. 34), or with pair of red or brown spots (Fig. 33), or with unpaired transverse red or brown spot. Tergum VII with anterior part translucent and whitish as previous segments, posterior part brown; terga VIII–X brown. Sterna I–VII translucent, whitish, either unicolor, or with posterior margin darkened by brown. Sterna VIII, IX, styligers and gonostyli ocher-brownish. Median projection of penis semicircular (Fig. 30). Cerci either entirely colorless (Fig. 34), or with dark bands formed by brown hypodermal pigmentation in distal part of each 4th segment (Fig. 33).</p><p>Imago, female (Figs 36, 38–42). Head relatively wide, distance between eyes exceeds eye length; eyes only slightly elevated above head surface. Head, thorax and abdomen ocher with contrasting red, purple, brown or/and black hypodermal strip of composite form, stretching along lateral side of body (along thoracic pleura and along lateral parts of abdominal terga) from prothorax to tip of abdomen. In fresh specimens dorsal margin of this stripe can be bordered by contrasting white stripe (Fig. 40); on posterior margins of abdominal terga IV and VIII lateral stripes turned medially (Figs 36). Mesonotum either unicolor ocher, or with contrasting pigmented stripes on lateral areas (Fig. 40). All legs with single apical spine on primary 3rd tarsomere. Wings as in male. Cerci colorless with contrasting dark brown or black bands formed by hypodermal pigmentation of each 4th or each 2nd segment.</p><p>Egg. Without rigid chorion; embryos are developed inside female imago, so that mature female imago looks maculated because of black eyes and ocelli of embryos visible through its integument (Fig. 41).</p><p>Dimension. Fore wing length of male and female 4–5 mm.</p><p>Variability. Turbinate eyes of male imago. Gillies (1979) reported variability in shape of turbinate eyes of P. cylindroculum, which in some populations are mainly tall and cylindrical (height to width about 1.5:1), and in others mainly broad (height to width about 1:1). Most specimens examined by me have intermediate shape of turbinate eyes (Figs 33–34).</p><p>Marginal intercalaries. In the original description wing on P. cylindroculum is figured as having marginal intercalaries in each space (Kimmins 1956: Fig. 2). Gillies, based on reexamination of holotype and paratypes and examination of other material, reported that actually marginal intercalaries are present in alternated spaces (Gillies 1980: 147). Specimens examined by me, have marginal intercalaries at least in spaces located behind convex veins; spaces behind concave veins are either empty (Figs 32), or some of them have intercalary.</p><p>Coloration of male imago and subimago. According to the original description of P. cylindroculum based on male imagoes from Malawi (Nyasaland), abdominal tergum IV has no pair of reddish spots, and cerci have no dark bands (Kimmins 1956). According to the additional description based on material from Entebbe and Jinja in Uganda, most male specimens have the same color, but some specimens have pair of reddish brown spots on tergum IV and annulated cerci (Kimmins 1960). Among 152 specimens from the same locality (Jinja) examined by me, most specimens have no spots on tergum IV (Fig. 34), and 23 specimens have pair of reddish or brownish spots, contrasting in some specimens and poorly expressed in others; all preserved cerci have no dark bands (Fig. 34). Among 4 males collected in Zambia (three imagoes reared from larvae and one subimago extracted from larva), 3 specimens have a pair of well-expressed spots on abdominal tergum IV (Figs 33, 35), and one specimen has less distinct unpaired transverse macula on the same place; cerci of all four specimens have dark bands (Fig. 33), which are less contrasting than in females collected in Uganda and Zambia (Fig. 40).</p><p>Coloration of female imago and subimago. Gillies (1980) reported variability in coloration of freshly caught females, some of which have no red lateral lines on thorax and abdomen. Among specimens examined by me, all females collected in Uganda and Zambia, have these lines. Females without this coloration are found among specimens from Mali; fixation of these specimens was not well, and their initial coloration is unknown.</p><p>Larval tergalii. All three examined larvae from Victoria Nile have tergalii large, greatly widened, dorsal lamella being present on tergalii I–VI (Figs 1–7). Among seven examined larvae from Luangwa, only five specimens have tergalii preserved; their tergalii are relatively small, with small dorsal lamella on tergalii I–V only (Figs 11–17). Larvae described by Barnard (1932) under the name “ Austrocloeon africanum ”, according to his description, have dorsal lamella either on tergalii I–V, or on tergalii I–VI. On the drawing made by Gillies (1980: Fig. 20) tergalii of Cloeon cylindroculum are wide, tergalii I–VI with dorsal lamella; tergalius VII is figured wrongly, probably being either overturned, or damaged. For the newly described species Procloeon silvicola, Gillies (1997) reported presence of dorsal lamellae on tergalii I–IV only; this conclusion was based on one larval skin and was not suggested as a character separating P. sil vicol a from P. cylindroculum . In the same paper tergalius III of C. cylindroculum is figured as narrow and having small dorsal lamella (Gillies 1985: Fig. 2). Similar variations of size and shape of tergalii, and presence/absence of dorsal lamella on tergalii of posterior pairs, are usual for other species of Procloeon, for which long series of larvae were examined. For example, in Procloeon macronyx Kluge &amp; Novikova 1992 dorsal lamella can be larger or smaller, present or absent on tergalius VI (Kluge &amp; Novikova 1992: Figs 1–15); in P. heterophyllum Kluge &amp; Novikova 1992 dorsal lamellae vary from absent on all tergalii to present on tergalii I–V (110 larvae from one small stream were examined).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/597587E28F1FFFE9FF6CF873FB9D2D83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kluge, Nikita J.	Kluge, Nikita J. (2016): A new subgenus Oculogaster subgen. n. for viviparous representatives of Procloeon s. l., with discussion about status of the generic name Austrocloeon Barnard 1932 and the species name africanum Esben-Petersen 1913 [Cloeon] (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). Zootaxa 4107 (4): 491-516, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4107.4.2
597587E28F14FFF3FF6CFF20FCF72D6E.text	597587E28F14FFF3FF6CFF20FCF72D6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procloeon (Oculogaster) album	<div><p>Procloeon (Oculogaster) album sp.n.</p><p>(Figs 43–79)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: L/S♀, THAILAND, Kanchanaburi Province, Erawan Falls, 2–4.II.2015, coll. N. Kluge &amp; L. Sheyko. Paratypes: the same locality and dates, 1 L/S♂, 3 L/S♀, 2 S-I♂, 2 I ♂, 1 S♂, 2 I ♀ (filled with embryos).</p><p>Descriptions. Larva. CUTICULAR COLORATION. Head light with pale brownish markings, frons with pair of contrasting brown longitudinal stripes. Pronotum and mesonotum ocher with diffusive brown maculation; cuticle of fore protoptera nearly unicolor ocher, with diffusive brown macula at base (Fig. 68); veins either not expresses, or visible as stripes slightly lighter than background. Metanotum and thoracic pleura with colorless and brown areas, thoracic sterna colorless. Legs colorless, femora with diffusive brown band in distal part. Abdominal terga with ocher, brown and colorless areas; terga II and VI the darkest, tergum III with pair of submedian round brown maculae close to anterior margin, tergum VIII with pair of especially dark brown maculae at latero-posterior angles (Figs 68, 70). Abdominal sterna I–VIII colorless with diffusive brownish maculae laterally, sternum IX with brownish maculation. Caudalii ocher with posterior margin of each 4-th segment brown (Fig. 59).</p><p>HYPODERMAL COLORATION. Mature male and female larva with reddish or brown spots on abdominal terga, as in winged stages (Figs 68, 70).</p><p>SHAPE AND SETATION. Mandibles with incisor and kinetodontium fused more than to middle, with ventral denticle well-developed; incisor of right mandible with 2nd denticle longest; right prostheca apically with 4–10 short diverging processes (Figs 44–45). Maxillary palp 3-segmented (Fig. 46). Labium with glossae and paraglossae of subequal size, palp with median angle moderately projected (Figs 47–48). Femora with very small spine-like setae on outer and inner sides, with 2–4 larger pointed spine-like setae on outer side near apex (their number equally varies on all leg pairs) (Fig. 56). Claws moderately long, with two rows of minute denticles in proximal part only (Fig. 57). Hind protoptera completely absent. Abdominal segment IX with 3–6 lateral spines on each side, other segments without lateral spines; postero-lateral spines present on segments II–IX, being minute on anterior segments. Posterior margin of abdominal tergum I with few small sparse spine-like pointed denticles; posterior margins of terga II–X with larger spine-like pointed denticles of unequal length; tergum X with sublateral denticles longest (Fig. 61). Abdominal terga with short scales in wide W-shaped non-operculated sockets, with sparse simple fine setae (Fig. 62). Posterior margins of abdominal sterna I–IV smooth, sternum V with few small denticles, posterior margins of sterna VI–IX with regular equal triangular denticles; paraprocts with longer denticles (Fig. 58). Abdominal sterna with sparse scales and sparse fine setae; in lateral areas of sterna both simple and bifid fine setae vary from small to very long, located sparsely and irregularly, not forming rows or groups (Fig. 63). Tergalii without dorsal lamella; costal rib without denticles; tergalii I and II triangular, widest at mid-length, with pointed apex; tergalii III–VI widest near base (Figs. 49–55). Tergalii II–VI or III–VI with very fine additional middle rib located just anteriad of main trachea (Figs 51–54, 64). In distal part of cercus spine on outer side of each segment as long as 3 next segments (Fig. 60).</p><p>Subimago. CUTICULAR COLORATION. Cuticle entirely colorless.</p><p>HYPODERMAL COLORATION. Maculae on abdominal terga as in imago, but smaller and red (unlike black in imago).</p><p>TEXTURE. On fore leg of male and female 1st tarsal segment covered mainly with microtrichiae (as tibia), at apex with pointed microlepides; all other tarsal segments entirely covered with pointed microlepides.</p><p>Imago, male. Head whitish-ocher. Turbinate eyes widened at apex, either white (Figs 73–74), or orange (Figs 72, 75). Thorax either entirely whitish (Figs 72–74), or with irregular purplish markings (Fig. 75). Legs pale ocher or whitish. Ratio femur / tibia / tarsal segments on fore leg 95:130:5:57:40:21:14, on middle and hind leg 80:75:40:12:3:12. Middle and hind legs without apical spine of 1st+2nd tarsomere, with single apical spine on primary 3rd tarsomere. Fore wing widest at mid-length, narrower proximally; membrane and veins colorless; pterostigma with one oblique vein, no other veins in costal field; marginal intercalary present in each space (Fig. 67). Hind wing absent. Abdominal terga and sterna translucent, either white, or glass-like; tergum IV with pair of contrasting brown-black round maculae; terga VII and VIII dorsally at most contrastingly colored with red and brown-black, with pair of more or less separated red or brown spots on postero-lateral angles; tergum IX not colored, as white as segments I–III and IV–V; tergum X white with pair of intensive lemon-yellow or orange spots. Genitals non-pigmented. 1st segment of gonostylus on ventral side swollen distally; penis truncate (Fig. 65). Cerci colorless.</p><p>Imago, female (Figs 76–79). Head relatively wide, distance between eyes exceeds eye length; eyes only slightly elevated above head surface. Head and thorax colorless with white and intensive yellow. All leg with single apical spine on primary 3rd tarsomere. Wings as in male. Abdomen whitish, with following contrasting maculae: lateral pairs of contrasting small black spots on sides of terga II, IV, VII and VIII; more median pair of contrasting larger black spots on tergum IV, pair of lighter brown maculae on tergum VII and pair of orange spots on tergum X.</p><p>Egg. Without rigid chorion; embryos are developed inside female imago, so that mature female imago looks maculated because of black eyes and ocelli of embryos visible through its integument (Figs 76–79).</p><p>Dimension. Fore wing length of male and female 4.3 mm.</p><p>Association of larvae and imagoes. Larvae, subimagoes and imagoes were collected in the same place: winged stages were collected from lamps on a small bridge across the Erawan River, and larvae were collected in the river near this bridge. This fact itself is fare not enough to associate these stages, because at the same place many mayfly species were collected, among which 4 other new species of Procloeon (see Table 1). In spite of the fact that no one imago of P. (O.) album sp.n. is reared from larva, association of imagoes and larvae is made for certain by comparison of larvae ready to molt to subimago with subimagoes and imagoes. All four male imagoes, male subimago and male subimago extracted from larva have the same unusual color pattern of abdomen, consisted of a pair of maculae on tergum IV, colored median part of terga VII–VIII and latero-posterior spots on terga VII–VIII, wile tergum IX is colorless (Figs 70–73). Both female imagoes and all four female subimagoes extracted from larvae have characteristic color pattern of abdomen, consisted of a pair of round spots on tergum IV and pairs of smaller more lateral spots on terga II, IV, VII and VIII (Figs 68–69, 76–77). Subimaginal wing extracted from mature larva (holotype), treated by alkali and spread on slide, has one vein in pterostigma, that is characteristic for Oculogaster. All four mature larvae, being ready to molt to subimago, have soft eggs without rigid chorion, that testifies about their viviparity.</p><p>Comparison. Recently, only 4 species of Procloeon are formally described from Indochina: Procloeon spinosum Nguyen &amp; Bae (in Tungpairojwong &amp; Nguyen &amp; Bae) 2006, Procloeon narumonae Tungpairojwong &amp; Bae 2015, Procloeon rubeosternum Tungpairojwong &amp; Bae 2015 and Procloeon siamensis Tungpairojwong &amp; Bae 2015; larva of the new species differs from all these species by complete absence of dorsal lamella on tergalii of all pairs. Some other larval characters are shown on Table 1.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/597587E28F14FFF3FF6CFF20FCF72D6E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kluge, Nikita J.	Kluge, Nikita J. (2016): A new subgenus Oculogaster subgen. n. for viviparous representatives of Procloeon s. l., with discussion about status of the generic name Austrocloeon Barnard 1932 and the species name africanum Esben-Petersen 1913 [Cloeon] (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). Zootaxa 4107 (4): 491-516, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4107.4.2
