taxonID	type	description	language	source
2F3DFD1B1A1856009C5FA57501111DBE.taxon	description	Fig. 1	en	Zheng, Beibei, Xian, Zeqiu, Liu, Zhen, Polaszek, Andrew (2025): Afrotropical Dirrhopinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with description of three new species. ZooKeys 1259: 381-392, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.172473
2F3DFD1B1A1856009C5FA57501111DBE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 1.7 mm, mesosoma brown, head yellow-brown to black on stemmaticum, and metasoma white to light brown (Fig. 1 a); eyes (Fig. 1 b) 1.3 × longer than temple in dorsal view; vertex and frons with numerous transverse curved carinae; temple weakly coarsely rugose, distinctly bulging behind eyes in dorsal view; POL: OD: OOL = 1.4: 1.0: 2.9; median carina on face distinctly loop-shaped at end; face (Fig. 1 c) weakly strigose mostly, 1.4 × wider than high; antenna (Fig. 1 d) distinctly longer than body length, 20 - merous, with penultimate flagellomere 1.4 × longer than wide, closely articulated; mesoscutum (Fig. 1 h) with punctures confluent to strigose posteriorly, notauli distinct at anterior declivity, absent posteriorly; scutellar sulcus wide with ill-defined carinae inside; scutellar hind depressions large and oblong; propodeum (Fig. 1 e) with midlongitudinal carina half the length of its apical bifurcated carina, sublateral cells present; mesopleuron (Fig. 1 f) weakly rugulose medially and rugose above; pterostigma (Fig. 1 g) 3.0 × as long as its maximum width; vein 1 - R 1 0.8 × length of pterostigma; vein r 0.6 × of maximum width of pterostigma, 0.5 × 2 - SR; sclerotised part of 3 - SR 0.7 × as long as r; vein m-cu 1.3 × as long as 2 - SR + M; hind femur 2.8 × as long as its maximum width; inner spur of hind tibia half as long as hind basitarsus; T 1 narrow, smooth, hardly visible in dorsal view; T 2 and following tergites weakly sclerotised, smooth (Fig. 1 i).	en	Zheng, Beibei, Xian, Zeqiu, Liu, Zhen, Polaszek, Andrew (2025): Afrotropical Dirrhopinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with description of three new species. ZooKeys 1259: 381-392, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.172473
2F3DFD1B1A1856009C5FA57501111DBE.taxon	description	Description. Male. Body length 1.7 mm, fore wing length 1.4 mm (Fig. 1 a). Head. 1.9 × as wide as long, 1.1 × wider than mesoscutum. Eyes 1.3 × longer than temple in dorsal view (Fig. 1 b). Vertex and frons slightly shiny with numerous transversely curved carinae. Temple weakly coarsely rugose, distinctly bulging behind eyes in dorsal view. Ocelli small, distance between fore and a hind ocellus 1.2 × longer than minor axis of a hind ocellus, POL: OD: OOL = 1.4: 1.0: 2.9. Frons flat with a weak median carina passing between antenna sockets to middle of face, carina distinctly loop-shaped at end. Face (Fig. 1 c) shiny, strigose, transverse, 1.4 × wider than high. Clypeus 1.8 × wider than medial length, weakly rugulose laterally. Length of malar space 0.8 × width of mandible. Antenna (Fig. 1 d) distinctly longer than body length, 20 - merous, with scape, pedicel and 1 st, 2 nd, penultimate and ultimate flagellomeres 1.8, 1.3, 2.3, 2.2, 1.4 and 1.9 × longer than wide, 1 st indistinctly longer than 2 nd, flagellomeres gradually shortened to penultimate flagellomere, closely articulated. Mesosoma. Length: width: height = 1.4: 1.0: 1.0. Mesoscutum (Fig. 1 h) shiny, with even punctures anteriorly which are confluent to strigose posteriorly, notauli distinct at anterior declivity, absent posteriorly. Scutellar sulcus wide with ill-defined carinae inside. Scutellum shiny, rugulose-punctate, hind depressions large and oblong, separated by a carina. Propodeum (Fig. 1 e) less shiny, basally shallowly punctate with one midlongitudinal carina half the length of its apical bifurcated carina, a broad pentagonal areola present posteriorly, sublateral cells attached to areola anterior-laterally, remaining parts uneven. Mesopleuron (Fig. 1 f) shiny, weakly rugulose medially and rugose above. Prepectal carina distinct. Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 1 g): pterostigma wide, 3.0 × as long as its maximum width; vein 1 - R 1 0.8 length of pterostigma; vein r arising from middle of pterostigma, 0.6 × of maximum width of pterostigma, 0.5 × 2 - SR; sclerotised part of 3 - SR 0.7 × as long as r; vein m-cu 1.3 × as long as 2 - SR + M, 0.4 × 2 - SR; vein 1 - CU 1 about as long as cu-a. Hind wing (Fig. 1 g): vein M + CU: 1 - M: r-m = 3.1: 2.0: 1.0. Legs. Hind femur 2.8 × as long as its maximum width. Hind tibia distinctly widened apically, its length 3.5 × maximum width, as long as hind femur. Inner spur of hind tibia half the length of hind basitarsus. Hind basitarsus 0.7 × as long as tarsomeres 2 – 5. Metasoma. 0.8 × length of mesosoma. T 1 (Fig. 1 i) narrow, smooth, hardly visible in dorsal view. T 2 and following tergites distinctly desclerotised, smooth, suture between T 2 and T 3 indistinct. Hypopygium not exceeding apex of metasoma. Colour. Mesosoma brown, head yellow-brown to slightly black on stemmaticum and metasoma white to light brown (Fig. 1 a). Palpi and spurs white. Antenna brown except scape and pedicel yellow-brown, first three to four flagellomeres white. Legs pale yellow basally to brown on apical 2 / 3 of hind tibia and most part of tarsi. Wing membranes hyaline, fore wing with pterostigma brown, all veins pale brown. Female. Unknown. Host. Unknown.	en	Zheng, Beibei, Xian, Zeqiu, Liu, Zhen, Polaszek, Andrew (2025): Afrotropical Dirrhopinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with description of three new species. ZooKeys 1259: 381-392, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.172473
2F3DFD1B1A1856009C5FA57501111DBE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar.	en	Zheng, Beibei, Xian, Zeqiu, Liu, Zhen, Polaszek, Andrew (2025): Afrotropical Dirrhopinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with description of three new species. ZooKeys 1259: 381-392, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.172473
2F3DFD1B1A1856009C5FA57501111DBE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name “ albobasalis ” refers to the white basal three to four flagellomeres. Noun in apposition.	en	Zheng, Beibei, Xian, Zeqiu, Liu, Zhen, Polaszek, Andrew (2025): Afrotropical Dirrhopinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with description of three new species. ZooKeys 1259: 381-392, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.172473
B50BFEE7EEC2561F927A29E766EDA106.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head and mesosoma rather robust, granulate or densely reticulate-rugose, metasoma comparatively weak; head transverse; occipital carina absent or incomplete; eye glabrous; frons concave laterally, distinctly protruding medially, with one longitudinal ridge-like carina extending to area between antennal sockets, sometimes to middle of face; antenna with 18 – 24 antennomeres, first flagellomere slightly longer than second; anterior tentorial pits relatively large; clypeus convex, protruding in lateral view; clypeal suture deep; malar suture present; maxillary palp with 6 palpomeres, third palpomere distinctly swollen; labial palp with 4 palpomeres; propleural lobe present; notauli usually incomplete, distinct basally; prepectal carina present; precoxal sulcus present but shallow; propodeum distinctly areolate and carinate; fore wing vein 1 - R 1 present; vein r-m of fore wing absent; vein 2 - 1 A largely obsolescent; second submarginal and subdiscal cells open; veins 1 - M and 1 - SR + M arising from parastigma; vein m-cu antefurcal; vein cu-a distinctly postfurcal; and first tergite relatively slender, parallel-sided, spiracles situated behind middle of first tergite (see Ranjith et al. 2021).	en	Zheng, Beibei, Xian, Zeqiu, Liu, Zhen, Polaszek, Andrew (2025): Afrotropical Dirrhopinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with description of three new species. ZooKeys 1259: 381-392, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.172473
0C8AE1313A93542B8664DE59CCFDC92E.taxon	description	Fig. 2	en	Zheng, Beibei, Xian, Zeqiu, Liu, Zhen, Polaszek, Andrew (2025): Afrotropical Dirrhopinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with description of three new species. ZooKeys 1259: 381-392, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.172473
0C8AE1313A93542B8664DE59CCFDC92E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 1.6 mm, mostly light yellow-brown, except head brown, stemmaticum dark brown, T 1 yellow, and lateral part of T 1 – T 3 white (Fig. 2 a, 2 k); eyes 3.0 × longer than temple in dorsal view (Fig. 2 b); temple, vertex and frons slightly shiny with numerous strong curved carinae radiated from stemmaticum; temple slightly constricted behind eyes in dorsal view; POL: OD: OOL = 1.3: 1.0: 3.9; face (Fig. 2 c) strigose, 1.4 × wider than high; antenna (Fig. 2 d) slightly shorter than body length, 18 - merous, with penultimate flagellomere 1.2 × longer than wide, loosely articulated; mesoscutum (Fig. 2 e) densely rugose-punctate all over, notauli distinct at anterior declivity, absent posteriorly; scutellum weakly rugulose-punctate anteriorly to nearly polished posteriorly, hind depressions large and ovoid, separated by a carina; propodeum (Fig. 2 i) basally densely rugulose with midlongitudinal carina 1.3 × length of its apical bifurcated carina; mesopleuron (Fig. 2 f) largely polished; pterostigma (Fig. 2 g) 2.2 × as long as its maximum width; vein 1 - R 1 as long as length of pterostigma; vein r nearly half the length of maximum width of pterostigma, 0.4 × 2 - SR; sclerotised part of 3 - SR 4.8 × as long as r; vein m-cu 1.2 × as long as 2 - SR + M; hind femur 3.8 × as long as its maximum width; inner spur of hind tibia 3 / 5 length of hind basitarsus; T 1 (Fig. 2 k) 1.7 × longer than its maximum width; T 2 subtriangular, uneven without punctation, suture between T 2 and T 3 indistinct; ovipositor sheath (Fig. 2 j) attenuated apically, 0.3 × as long as hind basitarsus, with short and dense setae entirely.	en	Zheng, Beibei, Xian, Zeqiu, Liu, Zhen, Polaszek, Andrew (2025): Afrotropical Dirrhopinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with description of three new species. ZooKeys 1259: 381-392, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.172473
0C8AE1313A93542B8664DE59CCFDC92E.taxon	description	Description. Female. Body length 1.6 mm, fore wing length 1.2 mm (Fig. 2 a). Head. 2.1 × as wide as long, 1.2 × wider than mesoscutum. Eyes 3.0 × longer than temple in dorsal view (Fig. 2 b). Temple, vertex and frons slightly shiny with numerous strong curved carinae radiated from stemmaticum. Temple slightly constricted behind eyes in dorsal view. Ocelli small, distance between fore and a hind ocellus 1.3 × longer than minor axis of a hind ocellus, POL: OD: OOL = 1.3: 1.0: 3.9. Frons flat with a median carina passing between antenna sockets to middle of face. Face (Fig. 2 c) shiny, strigose, transverse, 1.4 × wider than high. Clypeus 2.0 × wider than medial length, transversely rugulose laterally. Length of malar space 1.2 × width of mandible. Antenna (Fig. 2 d) slightly shorter than body length, 18 - merous, with scape, pedicel and 1 st, 2 nd, penultimate and ultimate flagellomeres 2.3, 1.3, 2.1, 1.4, 1.2 and 1.3 × longer than wide, 1 st 1.2 × longer than 2 nd, flagellomeres gradually shortened to penultimate flagellomere, loosely articulated. Mesosoma. Length: width: height = 1.4: 1.0: 1.0. Mesoscutum (Fig. 2 e) shiny, densely rugose-punctate all over, notauli distinct at anterior declivity, absent posteriorly. Scutellar sulcus wide with sparse carinae inside. Scutellum shiny (Fig. 2 h), weakly rugulose-punctate anteriorly to nearly polished posteriorly, hind depressions large and ovoid, separated by a carina. Propodeum (Fig. 2 i) shiny, basally densely rugulose with one midlongitudinal carina 1.3 × length of its apical bifurcated carina, a broad pentagonal areola present posteriorly, remaining parts uneven. Mesopleuron (Fig. 2 f) largely polished. Prepectal carina distinct. Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 2 g): pterostigma wide, 2.2 × as long as its maximum width; vein 1 - R 1 as long as length of pterostigma; vein r arising from middle of pterostigma, nearly half the length of maximum width of pterostigma, 0.4 × 2 - SR; sclerotised part of 3 - SR 4.8 × as long as r, 1.8 × 2 - SR; vein m-cu 1.2 × as long as 2 - SR + M, 0.4 × 2 - SR; vein 1 - CU 1 0.8 × length of cu-a. Hind wing (Fig. 2 g): vein M + CU: 1 - M: r-m = 2.5: 1.7: 1.0. Legs. Hind femur 3.8 × as long as its maximum width. Hind tibia widened apically, its length 4.2 × maximum width, 1.1 × length of hind femur. Inner spur of hind tibia 3 / 5 length of hind basitarsus. Hind basitarsus 0.8 × as long as tarsomeres 2 – 5. Metasoma. 0.8 × length of mesosoma. T 1 (Fig. 2 k) narrow, weakly rugulose, indistinctly broadened before constricted at apical 1 / 4, 1.7 × longer than its maximum width. T 2 subtriangular, uneven without punctation, suture between T 2 and T 3 indistinct. Hypopygium not exceeding apex of metasoma. Ovipositor sheath (Fig. 2 j) very short, attenuated apically, 0.3 × as long as hind basitarsus, with short and dense setae entirely. Colour. Light yellow-brown, except head brown, stemmaticum dark brown, T 1 yellow, and lateral part of T 1 – T 3 white (Fig. 2 a, k). Palpi and spurs pale yellow. Antenna yellow-brown except scape and pedicel slightly darker. Ovipositor sheath brown. Legs yellow-brown. Wing membranes hyaline, fore wing with pterostigma brown, vein 1 - M, r and 2 - SR brown, other veins pale brown. Male. Unknown. Host. Unknown.	en	Zheng, Beibei, Xian, Zeqiu, Liu, Zhen, Polaszek, Andrew (2025): Afrotropical Dirrhopinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with description of three new species. ZooKeys 1259: 381-392, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.172473
0C8AE1313A93542B8664DE59CCFDC92E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Africa.	en	Zheng, Beibei, Xian, Zeqiu, Liu, Zhen, Polaszek, Andrew (2025): Afrotropical Dirrhopinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with description of three new species. ZooKeys 1259: 381-392, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.172473
0C8AE1313A93542B8664DE59CCFDC92E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name “ nixoni ” is in memory of Dr Gilbert E. J. Nixon who recorded this genus from the Afrotropical region. Noun in the genitive case.	en	Zheng, Beibei, Xian, Zeqiu, Liu, Zhen, Polaszek, Andrew (2025): Afrotropical Dirrhopinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with description of three new species. ZooKeys 1259: 381-392, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.172473
438B1454A54B5A54BCA598F9DD1EC8FB.taxon	description	Fig. 3	en	Zheng, Beibei, Xian, Zeqiu, Liu, Zhen, Polaszek, Andrew (2025): Afrotropical Dirrhopinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with description of three new species. ZooKeys 1259: 381-392, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.172473
438B1454A54B5A54BCA598F9DD1EC8FB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 1.5 mm, light yellow-brown, except most of metasoma and stemmaticum dark brown to black (Fig. 3 a, e, i); eyes 1.7 × longer than temple in dorsal view (Fig. 3 e); temple, vertex and frons with strong curved carinae radiated from stemmaticum; temple slightly bulged behind eyes in dorsal view; POL: OD: OOL = 2.1: 1.0: 4.7; frons with a median carina passing between antenna sockets to less distinct in the half way of face; face (Fig. 3 c) weakly strigose, 1.4 × wider than high; antenna (Fig. 3 b) 19 - merous, with penultimate flagellomere 1.4 × longer than wide; mesoscutum (Fig. 3 f) with notauli obvious, extending to scutellar sulcus; scutellum weakly rugose-punctate; propodeum (Fig. 3 g) basally slightly rugulose with one midlongitudinal carina 0.9 × length of its apical bifurcated carina; mesopleuron (Fig. 3 d) largely longitudinally strigose medially; pterostigma (Fig. 3 h) 2.1 × as long as its maximum width; vein 1 - R 1 0.8 length of pterostigma; vein r half the length of maximum width of pterostigma, 0.4 × 2 - SR; sclerotised part of 3 - SR 1.5 × as long as r; vein m-cu 1.9 × as long as 2 - SR + M; hind femur 3.2 × as long as its maximum width; inner spur of hind tibia 3 / 5 length of hind basitarsus; T 1 1.6 × longer than its maximum width; T 2 subtriangular, smooth with shallow punctures, suture between T 2 and T 3 indistinct; ovipositor sheath (Fig. 3 j) 0.3 × as long as hind basitarsus, attenuated apically.	en	Zheng, Beibei, Xian, Zeqiu, Liu, Zhen, Polaszek, Andrew (2025): Afrotropical Dirrhopinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with description of three new species. ZooKeys 1259: 381-392, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.172473
438B1454A54B5A54BCA598F9DD1EC8FB.taxon	description	Description. Female. Body length 1.5 mm, fore wing length 1.3 mm (Fig. 3 a). Head. 1.9 × as wide as long, 1.2 × wider than mesoscutum. Eyes 1.7 × longer than temple in dorsal view (Fig. 3 e). Temple, vertex and frons slightly shiny with numerous strong curved carinae radiated from stemmaticum. Temple slightly bulged behind eyes in dorsal view. Ocelli small, distance between fore and a hind ocellus 1.5 × longer than minor axis of a hind ocellus, POL: OD: OOL = 2.1: 1.0: 4.7. Frons flat with a median carina passing between antenna sockets to less distinct in the half way of face. Face (Fig. 3 c) shiny, weakly strigose, transverse, 1.4 × wider than high. Clypeus 1.8 × wider than medial length, rugulose. Length of malar space nearly as long as width of mandible. Antenna (Fig. 3 b) indistinctly longer than body length, 19 - merous, with scape, pedicel and 1 st, 2 nd, penultimate and ultimate flagellomeres 2.0, 1.4, 1.9, 1.8, 1.4 and 1.5 × longer than wide, 1 st 1.2 × longer than 2 nd, flagellomeres gradually shortened to penultimate flagellomere, loosely articulated. Mesosoma. Length: width: height = 1.8: 1.0: 1.3. Mesoscutum (Fig. 3 f) shiny, rugose-punctate all over, notauli obvious, extending to scutellar sulcus. Scutellar sulcus wide with sparse carinae inside. Scutellum shiny, weakly rugose-punctate especially anteriorly and laterally, hind depressions large and oblong, separated by a carina. Propodeum (Fig. 3 g) shiny, basally slightly rugulose with one midlongitudinal carina 0.9 × length of its apical bifurcated carina, a broad pentagonal areola present posteriorly, remaining parts smooth. Mesopleuron (Fig. 3 d) largely longitudinally strigose medially. Prepectal carina distinct. Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 3 h): pterostigma wide, 2.1 × as long as its maximum width; vein 1 - R 1 0.8 length of pterostigma; vein r arising from middle of pterostigma, half the length of maximum width of pterostigma, 0.4 × 2 - SR; sclerotised part of 3 - SR 1.5 × as long as r; vein m-cu 1.9 × as long as 2 - SR + M, 0.4 × 2 - SR; vein 1 - CU 1 1.3 × length of cu-a. Hind wing (Fig. 3 h): vein M + CU: 1 - M: r-m = 2.3: 1.4: 1.0. Legs. Hind femur 3.2 × as long as its maximum width. Hind tibia strongly widened apically, its length 4.1 × maximum width, 1.1 × length of hind femur. Inner spur of hind tibia 3 / 5 length of hind basitarsus. Hind basitarsus 0.9 × as long as tarsomeres 2 – 5. Metasoma. 0.8 × length of mesosoma. T 1 (Fig. 3 i) narrow, weakly rugulose, indistinctly broadened before constricted at apical 1 / 4, 1.6 × longer than its maximum width. T 2 subtriangular, smooth with shallow punctures, suture between T 2 and T 3 indistinct. Hypopygium not exceeding apex of metasoma. Ovipositor sheath (Fig. 3 j) very short, attenuated apically, 0.3 × as long as hind basitarsus, with long and sparse setae apically. Colour. Light yellow-brown, except most of metasoma dark brown to black and stemmaticum dark brown with two black maculae behind hind ocelli (Fig. 3 a, e, i). Palpi and spurs pale yellow. Antenna dark brown except scape and pedicel yellow-brown. Ovipositor sheath black-brown. Legs yellow. Wing membranes hyaline, fore wing with pterostigma dark brown, vein 1 - M, r, 2 - SR, 1 - CU 1 and cu-a dark brown, other veins brown to pale brown. Male. Unknown. Host. Unknown.	en	Zheng, Beibei, Xian, Zeqiu, Liu, Zhen, Polaszek, Andrew (2025): Afrotropical Dirrhopinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with description of three new species. ZooKeys 1259: 381-392, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.172473
438B1454A54B5A54BCA598F9DD1EC8FB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Africa.	en	Zheng, Beibei, Xian, Zeqiu, Liu, Zhen, Polaszek, Andrew (2025): Afrotropical Dirrhopinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with description of three new species. ZooKeys 1259: 381-392, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.172473
438B1454A54B5A54BCA598F9DD1EC8FB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name “ ocellimacula ” refers to the black maculae behind the hind ocelli. Noun in apposition.	en	Zheng, Beibei, Xian, Zeqiu, Liu, Zhen, Polaszek, Andrew (2025): Afrotropical Dirrhopinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with description of three new species. ZooKeys 1259: 381-392, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.172473
