identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7C757C45874F5775B14E39BD08376840.text	7C757C45874F5775B14E39BD08376840.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psen brinchangensis van Lith 1965	<div><p>4. Psen brinchangensis van Lith, 1965</p><p>Figs 7 A – J, 8 A – M</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>China • 1 ♀; Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Autonomous Prefecture, Menghai County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.44379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.068" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.44379/lat 21.068)">Blangshan Township</a>; 21°4'4.8"N, 100°26'37.62"E; 1677 m a. s. l.; 13.VIII–15.IX2020; NO. 202101554; malaise trap . China • 1 ♀; Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Autonomous Prefecture, Menghai County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.44379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.751333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.44379/lat 21.751333)">Blangshan Township</a>; 21°45'4.8"N, 100°26'37.62"E; 1677 m a. s. l.; 16.VII–16.VIII.2021; NO. 202105343; malaise trap . China • 1 ♀; Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Autonomous Prefecture, Menghai County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.44815&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.741634" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.44815/lat 21.741634)">Blangshan Township</a>; 21°44'29.88"N, 100°26'53.34"E; 1659 m a. s. l.; 21.VIII–20.IX.2019; NO. 2019010395; malaise trap . China • 1 ♀; Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Autonomous Prefecture, Menghai County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.47224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.830528" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.47224/lat 21.830528)">Guanggang village</a>; 21°49'49.9"N, 100°28'20.04"E; 1229 m a. s. l.; 15.IX–23.X.2020; NO. 202102250; malaise trap . China • 1 ♀; Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Autonomous Prefecture, Menghai County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.44379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.751333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.44379/lat 21.751333)">Blangshan Township</a>; 21°45'4.8"N, 100°26'37.62"E; 1677 m a. s. l.; 15.IX–15.X.2021; NO. 202105550; malaise trap . China • 1 ♂; Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Autonomous Prefecture, Menghai County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.44414&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.742018" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.44414/lat 21.742018)">Blangshan Township</a>; 21°44'31.26"N, 100°26'38.9"E, 1646 m a. s. l.; 20.VII–16.VIII.2018; NO. 2019000409; malaise trap . China • 1 ♂; Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Autonomous Prefecture, Menghai County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.44414&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.742018" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.44414/lat 21.742018)">Blangshan Township</a>; 21°44'31.26"N, 100°26'38.9"E, 1646 m a. s. l., 19.IV–28.V.2019; NO. 2019005958; malaise trap . China • 5 ♂♂; Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Autonomous Prefecture, Menghai County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.44414&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.742018" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.44414/lat 21.742018)">Blangshan Township</a>; 21°44'31.26"N, 100°26'38.9"E; 1646 m a. s. l.; 12.VIII–15.IX.2020; NO. 202100968 - 202100969, NO. 202100980 - 202100981, NO. 202102116; malaise trap . All types deposited in YNAU.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (first description). Body length 8.1–8.2 mm. Mandible basally, trochanters, inner surface of fore and mid femora and tarsi, most of hind femora, gastral terga I – II and sternum II reddish brown or yellowish brown. Antennae flagellomeres beneath, outer surface of fore and mid femora and mid tibiae, hind tibiae and tarsi yellowish brown. Gastral sterna III – VI dark brown. Appressed setae on clypeus silvery; frons, vertex, scutum, scutellum and metanotum with appressed pale yellow pubescence and long erect setae. Mid-length setae on mesopleuron, mesosternum, propodeum, ventral side of petiole, and legs silvery. Gastral sterna III and IV with gold fasciculate setae on hind margins. Posterior margins of gastral terga I – V with dense, long, gold erect setae. (Fig. 8 A, B)</p><p>Head. Clypeus with dense, fine punctures, clypeal middle lobe with shallow, arcuate emargination, side with two obtuse teeth, basal half of clypeal disk moderately convex (Fig. 8 C). HW: HLF: AOD: WAS: IAD = 72: 56: 5: 7: 11. Mandible bidentate apically, width basally: medially: apically = 9: 5: 2. Interantennal tooth moderately elevated, apex acute; frontal carina conspicuous, extending from median ocellus to apex of interantennal tooth (Fig. 8 C). Scape slightly bent, pedicel partially concealed within scape, antennal articles V – XIII beneath with elliptical excavation, articles V and XIII smaller, and remaining articles larger; relative lengths of articles III – XIII = 15, 10, 10, 11, 11, 11, 10, 10, 10, 10, 15; article III approximately 2.5 × as long as wide apically, article IV about 1.7 ×, article XII about 1.3 ×, respectively (Fig. 8 D). Frons shiny, with sparse, tiny punctures (Fig. 8 C). Interocellar area and vertex shiny, with sparse, tiny punctures; ocellar area not raised, behind postocelli without sulcus, vertex behind postocelli not raised, occipital carina inconspicuous, crenulate (Fig. 8 E). HW: HLD: POD: OOD: OCD = 72: 31: 11: 12: 15.</p><p>Thorax. Scutum with sparse, tiny to fine punctures, interspaces 2–4 × puncture diameter. Admedian lines, parapsidal lines and notauli nearly parallel (Fig. 8 F). Scutellum and metanotum with sparse, fine punctures (Fig. 8 G). Mesopleuron shiny, with sparse, tiny punctures, posterior margin of mesopleuron with sparse, short striae. Metapleura shining, without stria or puncture (Fig. 8 H). Mesosternum without acetabular carina, longitudinal medioventral carina conspicuous, medially with many transverse carinae. Propodeal enclosure broadly triangular, its marginal ridge conspicuous posteriorly, gradually weakening anterolaterally, inner area slightly depressed, shining, laterally with some inconspicuous longitudinal carinae; propodeal pad with sparse, inconspicuous, irregular rugae (Fig. 8 G). Posterior surface of propodeum with irregular reticulate ridges reaching propodeal enclosure (Fig. 8 I). In profile, dorsal surface of propodeum together with posterior of surface nearly arcuate, dorsolaterally surface of propodeum with oblique, short rugae and fine punctures (Fig. 8 H). Second recurrent vein received by third submarginal cell basally (Fig. 8 B). Hind tibia with five or six short, thick, yellowish brown spines on outer surface.</p><p>Gaster. PL: PW: LT I: WT I: HFL: HTL = 57: 8: 44: 46: 47: 50. Petiole cylindrical in cross section, slightly bent upwards basally, slightly widened backwards, width apically 1.8 × basally, dorsally smooth (Fig. 8 A). Lateral surface without carina and depression, with sparse, tiny punctures (Fig. 8 B). Gaster shiny, with sparse, tiny to fine punctures, base of terga II – IV smooth, impunctate (Fig. 8 B). Genitalia large, yellowish-brown, gonostyle slender and long, inner (or dorsal) margin with narrow translucent membrane apically, outer (or ventral) and inner (or dorsal) margin with sparse, long setae (Fig. 8 J – M). Volsellar digitus flattened, hollowed ventrally, with apex round and turned ventrally, inner area slightly produced apically (Fig. 8 J – M).</p><p>Female supplement characteristics.</p><p>In front view, HW: HLF: AOD: WAS: IAD = 84: 65: 5: 7: 11; antennae relative lengths of articles III – XII = 19–20, 12–14, 12–13, 12–13, 11–12, 12, 11, 10–11, 10–11, 15–16; article III approximately 2.8 × as long as wide apically, article IV about 1.7–2 ×, article XII about 2.1–2.3 ×, respectively. In dorsal view, HW: HLD: POD: OOD: OCD = 84: 35: 10: 12: 15. Mesosternum with inconspicuous longitudinal medioventral carina; medially with two or three transverse carinae. PL: PW: LT I: WT I: HFL: HTL = 60: 9: 48: 54: 56: 65.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan); Malaysia. First record from China.</p><p>In China, 32 species and six subspecies have been documented, we have made a distribution map of Psen species in China (Fig. 9).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C757C45874F5775B14E39BD08376840	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Deng, Yao;Ma, Li;Li, Qiang	Deng, Yao, Ma, Li, Li, Qiang (2025): Taxonomic update of Psen Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae), with descriptions of three new species from China. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 98: 971-1003, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.98.155469
FDBF3FB94BD85607B76D3CAFE29CA42E.text	FDBF3FB94BD85607B76D3CAFE29CA42E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psen Latreille 1796	<div><p>Psen Latreille, 1796</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Psen ater (Olivier, 1972) of Vander Linden, 1829 [= Sphex ater of Panzer, 1799 = Sphex ater Fabricius, 1794 = Crabro ater Olivier, 1792], by monotypy.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FDBF3FB94BD85607B76D3CAFE29CA42E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Deng, Yao;Ma, Li;Li, Qiang	Deng, Yao, Ma, Li, Li, Qiang (2025): Taxonomic update of Psen Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae), with descriptions of three new species from China. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 98: 971-1003, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.98.155469
AB7E1CCEC0F05903A47A2C6EE69D5FDB.text	AB7E1CCEC0F05903A47A2C6EE69D5FDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psen rhyssothoracicus Deng & Ma 2025	<div><p>3. Psen rhyssothoracicus Deng &amp; Ma sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5 A – J, 6 A – M</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. China • ♀; Tibet, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.930275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.618662" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.930275/lat 27.618662)">Shigatse</a>, Yadong County; 27°37'7.18"N, 88°55'49"E; 3591 m a. s. l.; 25.VII.2018; coll. Shijie DU . Paratypes. 39 ♀♀ 16 ♂♂, same data as holotype . All types deposited in YNAU.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species is similar to Psen seminitidus van Lith, 1965 sharing with it the following: 1) frons, interocellar area, and vertex medially with dense, fine punctures; scutum with dense, midsize to large punctures; mesopleuron and metanotum with sparse, tiny punctures; 2) petiole with median keel ventrally; 3) pygidial plate narrowly triangular, shiny, laterally with one row of sparse, fine punctures, apex truncate, basally slightly concave; 4) gastral sternum IV with dark brown fasciculate setae on hind margin in male. It differs from Psen seminitidus and other congeners by the following characteristics (characters of P. seminitidus given in parentheses): 1) propodeal pad with dense, slender, oblique longitudinal rugae (with narrow and smooth area); 2) lateral surface of propodeum with oblique, short rugae and fine punctures (with sparse, tiny punctures, without ruga); 3) male antennal articles IV – VII beneath with linear tyloids (articles V – VI or V – VII beneath with linear tyloids); 4) ratio: PL: PW: LT I: WT I: HFL: HTL = 80: 13: 41: 45: 62: 75 in female (PL: PW: LT I: WT I: HFL: HTL = 59: 11: 41: 50: 60: 70).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female. Body length 9.7–12.0 mm. Black; mandible apically reddish brown; wing veins and claws dark brown. Appressed setae on clypeus silvery; vertex and scutum with appressed long, dense, pale brown pubescence; mesopleuron, legs, propodeum and petiole with dense, long, silvery pubescence (Fig. 5 A, B).</p><p>Head. Clypeus with dense, fine punctures, clypeal middle lobe with shallow, arcuate emargination, side with two square teeth, basal half of clypeal disk moderately elevated (Fig. 5 C). HW: HLF: AOD: WAS: IAD = 90: 71: 6: 8: 12. Mandible bidentate apically, broad and blunt, wide basally: medially: apically = 19: 9: 5. Interantennal tooth moderately elevated, apex slightly acute; frontal carina complete, inconspicuous, extending from median ocellus to apex of interantennal tooth (Fig. 5 C). Scape slightly bent, pedicel partially concealed within scape, relative lengths of articles III – XII = 20–25, 13–14, 13–14, 12–13, 11–12, 10–11, 10, 10, 10, 14; article III approximately 3.3–4.2 × as long as wide apically, article IV about 1.8–2.0 ×, article XII about 1.4 ×, respectively (Fig. 5 D). Frons, interocellar area and vertex medially with dense, fine punctures, interspaces less than puncture diameter; lateral ocellar area and vertex with sparse, fine punctures, interspaces equal to or slightly larger than puncture diameter (Fig. 5 C). Ocellar area moderately raised, area between ocelli with shallow, longitudinal sulcus, behind postocelli without transverse sulcus, vertex behind postocelli not raised, occipital carina smooth (Fig. 5 E). HW: HLD: POD: OOD: OCD = 90: 35: 12: 15: 17.</p><p>Thorax. Scutum with dense, fine to midsize punctures, interspaces 1–2 × puncture diameter. Anterior admedian lines slightly expanded, backward parallel, parapsidal lines and notauli nearly parallel (Fig. 5 F). Scutellum with dense, midsize punctures, interspaces equal to or larger than puncture diameter, metanotum with sparse, tiny to fine punctures (Fig. 5 G). Mesopleuron shiny, with sparse, tiny punctures, posteriorly with sparse, inconspicuous longitudinal striae (Fig. 5 H). Mesosternum with short acetabular carina, longitudinal medioventral carina slightly conspicuous, medially with many transverse carinae. Propodeal enclosure broadly semicircular, slightly depressed, shining, laterally with some slightly inconspicuous, longitudinal carinae; propodeal pad with dense, slender, oblique longitudinal rugae (Fig. 5 G). Posterior surface of propodeum with irregular, slightly conspicuous reticulate ridges reaching propodeal enclosure, medially with deep sulcus reaching enclosed area, above sulcus with two or three transverse carinae (Fig. 5 I). In profile, dorsal surface of propodeum together with posterior surface nearly obtuse angle, lateral surface of propodeum with slightly dense, tiny punctures, upper with oblique, short rugae (Fig. 5 H). Second recurrent vein received by second submarginal cell near apically (Fig. 5 B). Hind tibia with row of long thick, pale yellow spines on outer surface.</p><p>Gaster. PL: PW: LT I: WT I: HFL: HTL = 80: 13: 41: 45: 62: 75. Petiole nearly quadrate in cross section, slightly bent upwards basally, slightly widened backwards, width apically 1.5 × basally, dorsally completely smooth (Fig. 5 A). Lateral surface with two conspicuous carinae, shallowly depressed (Fig. 5 B); ventrally with slightly conspicuous median keel, laterally with dense, tiny punctures. Gaster shiny, terga with sparse, tiny punctures (Fig. 5 A, B). Pygidial plate narrowly triangular, shiny, 1.8–2.1 × as long as wide basally, laterally with one row of sparse and fine punctures, apex truncate, basally slightly concave (Fig. 5 J).</p><p>Male. Similar to female, but slender and smaller, body length 9.2–10.8 mm. Gastral sternum IV with dark brown fasciculate setae on hind margin (Fig. 6 B). Antennae slenderer than in female, pedicel partially concealed within scape; antennal articles IV – VII beneath with linear tyloids, articles IV and VII shorter, articles V – VI longer; relative lengths of articles III – XIII = 20–25, 18–20, 17–18, 16–18, 16–18, 15–17, 15–17, 15–17, 15–17, 15–16, 19–21; article III approximately 2.5–3.1 × as long as wide apically, article IV about 2.0–2.2 ×, article XII about 1.9 ×, respectively (Fig. 6 D). In front view, HW: HLF: AOD: WAS: IAD = 83: 60: 5: 7: 10; in dorsal view, HW: HLD: POD: OOD: OCD = 83: 31: 10: 14: 13. Hind tibia with four or five short, thick, brownish spines on outer surface. Venter of petiole with median keel medially and posteriorly, PL: PW: LT I: WT I: HFL: HTL = 68: 12: 36: 40: 56: 68. Genitalia large, dark brown, gonostyle broad and long, inner (or dorsal) margin of apical portion with narrow translucent membrane apically, outer (or ventral) margin and apex provided with fringe of sparse, long setae (Fig. 6 J – M). Volsellar digitus flattened, hollowed ventrally, with apex round and turned ventrally, inner area slightly produced apically (Fig. 6 J – M).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Tibet).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is derived from Greek stem: rhyss - (= rugose) and Greek word thoracicus (= thoracic), referring to the propodeum with some longitudinal carinae and sturdy reticulation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB7E1CCEC0F05903A47A2C6EE69D5FDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Deng, Yao;Ma, Li;Li, Qiang	Deng, Yao, Ma, Li, Li, Qiang (2025): Taxonomic update of Psen Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae), with descriptions of three new species from China. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 98: 971-1003, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.98.155469
5C3EB8119CCF569886A93BE5706BCC3D.text	5C3EB8119CCF569886A93BE5706BCC3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psen scabristriatus Deng & Ma 2025	<div><p>1. Psen scabristriatus Deng &amp; Ma sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1 A – J, 2 A – N</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. China • ♀; Yunnan Province, Kunming City, Panlong District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.83595&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.195232" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.83595/lat 25.195232)">Xiaohe Township</a>; 25°11'42.84"N, 102°50'09.43"E; 1988 m a. s. l.; 29.VII.2006; NO. 200601062; coll. Hesheng Wang; sweep net . Paratypes. China • 4 ♂♂; Hunnan Province, Chenzhou City, Yizhang County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.85208&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.955563" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.85208/lat 24.955563)">Mangshan Forest Park</a>; 24°57'20.02"N, 112°51'7.49"E; 629 m a. s. l.; 13.VIII.2010; NO. 202003627, NO. 202003630-202003632; sweep net . China • ♂; Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Autonomous Prefecture, Menghai County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.4345&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.74575" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.4345/lat 21.74575)">Blangshan Township</a>; 21°44'44.7"N, 100°26'4.2"E; 1621 m a. s. l.; 17. V – VI. 20.2018; NO. 2019000147; malaise trap . All types deposited in YNAU.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species is similar to Psen nitidus van Lith, 1959 sharing with it the following: 1) propodeal pad with smooth, broad area; 2) gastral sterna III – IV with yellowish-brown fasciculate setae on hind margins in male. It differs from Psen nitidus and other congeners by the following characteristics (characters of P. nitidus given in parentheses): 1) anterior acetabular carina with many long, oblique striae in prepectus medially, more conspicuous in male (with few and inconspicuous, transverse striae); 2) most of scutum with dense, midsize to large punctures, interspaces equal to or less than puncture diameter (with sparse, fine punctures, interspaces larger than puncture diameter); 3) scutellum with an inconspicuous, longitudinal depression (scutellum flat); 4) episcrobal area conspicuously convex, distinctly higher than mesopleuron (episcrobal area usual); 5) hind tibia with row of slender, yellow spines on outer surface in male (without spine); 6) pygidial plate broadly triangular, 1.5 × as long as wide basally, medially with distinct inverted-triangular convexity, shiny and smooth; laterally with one or two rows of coarse, midsize punctures and stiff bristles, coriaceous (pygidial plate narrowly triangular, 1.9 × as long as wide basally; laterally with one or two rows of coarse, large punctures and stiff bristles, coriaceous).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female. Body length 8.6 mm. Black; mandible apically and basally, most of antennae, mid and hind tibiae, tegula, and wing veins brown. Mandible medially, antennal articles I apically and II, fore tibiae, margin of gastral terga and sterna II – V yellowish brown; tarsi yellow. Head, scutum and femora cyaneous or with purple bronze shine. Appressed setae on clypeus silvery; vertex, scutum, scutellum and metanotum with appressed pale yellow pubescence and long erect setae. Mid-length setae on mesopleuron, legs, propodeum, and lateral and ventral side of petiole silvery; gaster with very sparse and short, silvery pubescence (Fig. 1 A, B).</p><p>Head. Clypeus with dense, fine punctures, clypeal middle lobe with shallow, arcuate emargination, side with two obtuse teeth, basal half of clypeal disk moderately elevated (Fig. 1 C). HW: HLF: AOD: WAS: IAD = 82: 62: 3: 7: 12. Mandible bidentate apically, wide basally: medially: apically = 15: 10: 3. Interantennal tooth moderately elevated, apex slightly acute; frontal carina conspicuous, extending from median ocellus to apex of interantennal tooth (Fig. 1 C). Scape slightly bent, relative lengths of articles III – XII = 16, 10, 10, 11, 10, 10, 9, 9, 9, 12; article III approximately 3.2 × as long as wide apically, article IV about 2 ×, article about XII 1.5 ×, respectively (Fig. 1 D). Frons shiny, with sparse, fine to midsize punctures, medially dense, laterally sparse, punctures gradually increasing in size from lower frons to mid ocellus (Fig. 1 C). Interocellar area and vertex shiny, with sparse, fine to midsize punctures, interspaces larger than on frons; ocellar area not raised, behind postocelli with deep sulcus, vertex behind postocelli not raised, occipital carina crenulate (Fig. 1 E). HW: HLD: POD: OOD: OCD = 82: 32: 9: 12: 15.</p><p>Thorax. Scutum with dense, fine punctures anteriorly, remainder with dense, midsize to large punctures, interspaces equal to or less than puncture diameter. Admedian lines and notauli inconspicuous, nearly parallel (Fig. 1 F). Scutellum with sparse, midsize to large punctures, interspaces larger than puncture diameter, also larger than that in scutum, with an inconspicuous, longitudinal depression; metanotum with sparse, tiny punctures, with two small prominences and slightly longitudinal depression medially (Fig. 1 G). Epicnemial area shiny, with sparse, tiny punctures, omaulus ending as it becoming ventral and below normally curved backwards. Mesopleuron shiny, with sparse, tiny punctures, posteriorly with short, longitudinal striae; episcrobal area conspicuously convex, distinctly higher than mesopleuron. Metapleuron smooth, upper part with sparse, oblique striae (Fig. 1 H). Mesosternum with acetabular carina, with many long, oblique striae in prepectus medially; longitudinal medioventral carina conspicuous. Propodeal enclosure broadly triangular, depressed deeply, shining, laterally with some slightly broad, longitudinal carinae; propodeal pad with smooth, broad area (Fig. 1 G). Posterior surface of propodeum with sturdy reticulation, medially with broad, deep sulcus reaching propodeal enclosure, above sulcus with one or two transverse carinae (Fig. 1 I). In profile, dorsal surface of propodeum together with posterior surface nearly arcuate, lateral surface of propodeum with five or six oblique, short rugae (Fig. 1 G). Second recurrent vein received by second submarginal cell (Fig. 1 A). Hind tibia with row of slender, yellow spines on outer surface, basal half with two rows of spines (Fig. 1 B).</p><p>Gaster. PL: PW: LT I: WT I: HFL: HTL = 68: 18: 42: 58: 53: 64. Petiole nearly quadrate in cross section, slightly bent upwards basally, slightly widened backwards, width apically 3.8 × basally, dorsally completely smooth (Fig. 1 A, B). Lateral surface with two conspicuous carinae, shallowly depressed; ventrally flat and with median carina posteriorly (Fig. 1 B). Gastral terga densely, finely punctate, base of terga II – IV smooth, impunctate (Fig. 1 B). Pygidial plate broadly triangular, 1.5 × as long as wide basally, medially with distinct inverted-triangular convexity, shiny and smooth; laterally with one or two rows of coarse, midsize punctures and stiff bristles, coriaceous; apex rounded (Fig. 1 J). Sterna laterally with dense, fine punctures, medially smooth and with sparse, fine punctures.</p><p>Male. Similar to female, but smaller, body length 8.1–8.5 mm. Fore tibiae brown; tarsi, base of hind tibiae, posterior margins of gastral sterna IV – VI, apex of distal sternum yellowish-brown. Gastral sterna III and IV with yellowish-brown fasciculate setae on hind margins (Fig. 2 A, B). Clypeal middle lobe with shallow, arcuate emargination, side with two arcuate protrusions (Fig. 2 C); HW: HLF: AOD: WAS: IAD = 72: 53: 4: 6: 10; mandible bidentate apically, wide basally: medially: apically = 13: 6: 3. Antennae slenderer than in female, flagellomeres beneath without tyloid, relative lengths of articles III – XIII = 13, 9, 8–10, 8, 8, 8–9, 7–8, 7–8, 7, 7–8, 11–12; article III approximately article 2.6 × as long as wide apically, article IV about 1.8 ×, article XII about 1.3 ×, respectively (Fig. 2 D). In dorsal view, behind of postocelli with shallow sulcus (Fig. 2 E), HW: HLD: POD: OOD: OCD = 72: 29: 10: 13: 14. PL: PW: LT I: WT I: HFL: HTL = 60: 13: 39: 43: 44: 47, petiole width apically 2 × basally, lateral surface deeply depressed (Fig. 2 H); ventrally with broad, shallow depression, but without median longitudinal keel (Fig. 2 I). Acetabular carina longer than in female, medioventral carina medially with one or two transverse carinae (Fig. 2 I). Hind tibia with row of slender, yellow spines on outer surface (Fig. 2 B). Basal quarter of tergum II and basal half of terga III – V smooth, impunctate. Genitalia large, yellowish-brown, gonostyle broad and long, inner (or dorsal) half turned into translucent membrane apically, outer (or ventral) margin and apex provided with a fringe of sparse, long setae (Fig. 2 K – N). Volsellar digitus flattened, hollowed ventrally, with apex boot-shaped and turned ventrally, inner area slightly produced apically (Fig. 2 K – N).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Hunan, Yunnan).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is derived from Latin stem scabri - (= scabrous) and Latin word striatus (= striate), referring to the anterior part of acetabular carina with many striae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C3EB8119CCF569886A93BE5706BCC3D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Deng, Yao;Ma, Li;Li, Qiang	Deng, Yao, Ma, Li, Li, Qiang (2025): Taxonomic update of Psen Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae), with descriptions of three new species from China. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 98: 971-1003, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.98.155469
0D4363DDC494521AB2B0084F22E6EA70.text	0D4363DDC494521AB2B0084F22E6EA70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psen spinitarsalis Deng & Ma 2025	<div><p>2. Psen spinitarsalis Deng &amp; Ma sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 3 A – J, 4 A – M</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. China • ♀; Hunan Province, Chenzhou City, Yizhang County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.85208&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.955563" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.85208/lat 24.955563)">Mangshan Forest Park</a>; 24°57'20.02"N, 112°51'7.49"E; 629 m a. s. l.; 01.X.2004; NO. 202005144; sweep net . Paratypes. 1 ♀, same data as holotype, except NO. 202004461; China • 1 ♀; Guangdong Province, Shaoguan City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.85208&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.955563" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.85208/lat 24.955563)">Nanling Nature Reserve</a>; 24°42'52.57"N, 114°15'46.78"E; 447 m a. s. l.; 08–17.VIII.2010; NO. 202003658; malaise trap . China • 6 ♂♂; Guangdong Province, Shaoguan City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.26299&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.714603" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.26299/lat 24.714603)">Nanling Nature Reserve</a>; 24°42'52.57"N, 114°15'46.78"E; 447 m a. s. l.; 05–07.VI.2010; NO. 202004593 -202004597, NO. 202004593; coll. Zaifu XU; malaise trap . China • 1 ♂; Guangdong Province, Shaoguan City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.26299&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.714603" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.26299/lat 24.714603)">Nanling Nature Reserve</a>; 24°42'52.57"N, 114°15'46.78"E; 447 m a. s. l.; 17.VII.2008; NO. 202004825; coll. Zaifu XU; sweep net . China • 1 ♂; Guangdong Province, Shaoguan City, Nanling Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.26299&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.714603" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.26299/lat 24.714603)">Chebaling</a>; 24°42'52.57"N, 114°15'46.78"E; 447 m a. s. l.; 22–28.VII.2008; NO. 202003656; coll. Zaifu XU; yellow plates . China • 1 ♂; Guizhou Province, Daozhen Gelao Nationality and Miao Nationality Autonomous County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.595184&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.131731" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.595184/lat 29.131731)">Dashahe National Nature Reserve</a>; 29°7'54.23"N, 107°35'42.65"E; 1365 m a. s. l.; 08.VIII.2004; NO. 200707326; coll. Shujun WEI; sweep net . China • 1 ♂; Hubei Province, Yichang City, Changyang County, Hejiaping Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.9019&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.630884" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.9019/lat 30.630884)">Qinggangping village</a>; 30°37'51.18"N, 110°54'6.83"E; 1000 m a. s. l.; 03.VII.2012; coll. Hao ZHANG; sweep net . All types deposited in YNAU.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species is similar to Psen dzimm Tsuneki, 1959, sharing with it the following: 1) posterior margins of gastral terga I – V with dense, long and gold erect setae; 2) petiole cylindrical in cross section, lateral surface without longitudinal carina or depression; 3) clypeal middle lobe with shallow, arcuate emargination, side with two arcuate protrusions; 4) gastral sterna III – IV with gold fasciculate setae on hind margins in male. It differs from Psen dzimm and other congeners by the following characteristics (characters of P. dzimm given in parentheses): 1) propodeal enclosure triangular, its marginal ridge inconspicuous and absent on posteriorly lateral half, propodeal pad with dense, slender, oblique longitudinal rugae; lateral surface of propodeum with oblique, short rugae and fine punctures (propodeal enclosure with complete marginal ridge; propodeal pad without longitudinal ruga; lateral surface of propodeum without ruga or puncture); 2) scutum with sparse, tiny punctures anteriorly, remainder with dense, fine to midsize punctures (scutum more grossly, conspicuously, closely punctate); 3) mid basitarsus with row of mid-length spines on externoventral surface, apically with long spine, hind tibia with four or five short thick brownish spines on outer surface in male (mid basitarsus simple, hind tibia without spine); 4) male antennal articles V – XIII beneath with elliptical excavation, article V smaller, and remainder articles larger (articles VI – XIII each with tubercle beneath near base and an excavation near apex); 5) ratio: body smaller, female 12 mm, male 10.7–11.7 mm; HW: HLF: HLD: POD: OOD: OCD = 114: 45: 47: 11: 15: 21 (female 13–14 mm, male 11.5–12 mm; HW: HLF: HLD: POD: OOD: OCD = 85: 35: 34: 10: 12: 15).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female. Body length 12 mm. Black; mandible basally, trochanters, fore tibiae, inner surface of fore and mid femora and tarsi, lateral upper surface of mid femora and tibiae externally, basal half of hind femora and most of hind tibiae yellow. Scape basally and apically and tegulae yellowish brown. Apex of gastral terga I, II – III totally and pygidial plate reddish brown; terga and sterna IV – V with hill shaped yellowish brown stripes. Appressed setae on clypeus gold; frons, vertex, scutum, scutellum and metanotum with appressed gold pubescence and long erect setae; propodeum, and ventral side of petiole with pale yellow pubescence and long setae. Mid-length setae on prepectus, mesopleuron, mesosternum, and trochanters silvery; legs with short, pale yellow pubescence; gaster with very short, gold pubescence. Posterior margins of gastral terga I – V with dense, long, gold erect setae (Fig. 3 A, B).</p><p>Head. Clypeus with dense, fine punctures, clypeal middle lobe with shallow, arcuate emargination, side with two arcuate protrusions, basal half of clypeal disk moderately convex (Fig. 3 C). HW: HLF: AOD: WAS: IAD = 114: 85: 6: 10: 15. Mandible bidentate apically, wide basally: medially: apically = 20: 12: 3. Interantennal tooth conspicuously elevated, apex obtuse or slightly acute; frontal carina conspicuous, extending from median ocellus to apex of interantennal tooth (Fig. 3 C). Scape slightly bent, pedicel partially concealed within scape, relative lengths of articles III – XII = 28–29, 19, 17–18, 16–17, 15–16, 15, 13–14, 13–14, 13–14, 21; article III approximately 4 × as long as wide apically, article IV about 2.4 ×, article XII about 2.3 ×, respectively (Fig. 3 D). Frons shiny, with dense, fine punctures, interspaces equal to puncture diameter, on upper part against eyes with an elliptic, slightly raised, almost impunctate arae (Fig. 3 C). Interocellar area and vertex shiny, with sparse, fine punctures, interspaces 4 × puncture diameter; hind ocellar posterolaterally with wide smooth and impunctate area; ocellar area not raised, behind postocelli without sulcus, vertex behind postocelli not raised, occipital carina crenulate (Fig. 3 E). HW: HLD: POD: OOD: OCD = 114: 47: 11: 15: 21.</p><p>Thorax. Scutum with sparse, tiny punctures anteriorly, remainder with dense, fine to midsize punctures, interspaces 2 × puncture diameter. Anterior admedian lines slightly expended, backward parallel, parapsidal lines and notauli nearly parallel (Fig. 3 F). Scutellum and metanotum with sparse, fine punctures (Fig. 3 G). Mesopleuron shiny, with sparse, tiny punctures, posterior margin of mesopleuron with sparse, short striae (Fig. 3 H). Metapleura shining, without stria or puncture (Fig. 3 H). Mesosternum without acetabular carina, with inconspicuous, longitudinal medioventral carina; medially without transverse carina. Propodeal enclosure broadly triangular, its marginal ridge inconspicuous and absent on posteriorly lateral half, slightly depressed, shining, laterally with some slightly inconspicuous, longitudinal carinae; propodeal pad with dense, slender and oblique longitudinal rugae (Fig. 3 G). Posterior surface of propodeum with irregular reticulate ridges reaching propodeal enclosure (Fig. 3 I). In profile, dorsal surface of propodeum together with posterior surface nearly arcuate, lateral surface of propodeum with oblique, short rugae, fine punctures (Fig. 3 H). Second submarginal cell receiving first recurrent vein at about basally 1 / 3; second recurrent vein received by third submarginal cell (Fig. 3 B). Hind tibia with row of long, thick, brownish spines on outer surface, basally with three rows of spines (Fig. 3 B).</p><p>Gaster. PL: PW: LT I: WT I: HFL: HTL = 84: 15: 69: 77: 80: 90. Petiole cylindrical in cross section, slightly bent upwards basally, slightly widened backwards, width apically 1.8 × basally, dorsally smooth (Fig. 3 B, G). Lateral surface without carina or depression, and with sparse, tiny punctures (Fig. 3 B). Gastral terga sparsely, finely punctate, base of terga III – IV smooth, impunctate. Pygidial plate broadly triangular, 1.5 × as long as wide basally, medially with small inverted-triangular convexity, shiny and smooth, remainder with coriaceous sculpture, dense, fine to midsize punctures and stiff bristles, apex rounded (Fig. 3 J).</p><p>Male. Similar to female, but smaller, body length 10.7–11.7 mm. Antennae beneath yellow, above yellowish brown; legs and gaster except first gastral segment almost yellow. Gastral sterna III and IV with gold fasciculate setae on hind margins. Appressed setae on clypeus silvery; frons, vertex, scutum, scutellum and metanotum with appressed pale yellow pubescence and long erect setae; mid-length setae on prepectus, mesopleuron, trochanters, propodeum, and ventral side of petiole silvery; gaster with dense, short, golden pubescence (Fig. 4 A, B). Antennal articles V – XIII beneath with elliptical excavations, article V smaller, remaining articles larger; relative lengths of articles III – XIII = 20–23, 16–17, 15, 13–15, 13, 13–15, 13–14, 13, 12–13, 12–13, 18; article III approximately article 2.5–2.9 × as long as wide apically, article IV about 1.8 ×, article XII about 1.4 ×, respectively (Fig. 4 D). In front view, HW: HLF: AOD: WAS: IAD = 83: 60: 5: 7: 10; in dorsal view, HW: HLD: POD: OOD: OCD = 94: 72: 11: 14: 19. Lateral basal 1 / 3 of mid tibia significantly widened and base of mid basitarsus with row of mid-length spines on externoventral surface and apically with long spine; hind tibia with four or five short, thick, brownish spines on outer surface (Fig. 4 J, K). PL: PW: LT I: WT I: HFL: HTL = 66: 13: 60: 67: 67: 77. Genitalia large, yellowish-brown, upper part lighter than basally, gonostyle slender, long, inner (or dorsal) narrow margin with translucent membrane apically, outer (or ventral) margin and apex provided with fringe of sparse, long setae (Fig. 4 L – O). Volsellar digitus flattened, hollowed ventrally, with apex subquadrate and turned ventrally (Fig. 4 L – O).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guizhou).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is derived from Latin stem: spini - (= spinulate) and Latin word - tarsalis (= tarsal), referring to the basal mid tarsomere with row of mid-length spines on externoventral surface and apically with long spine (Fig. 4 J, K).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0D4363DDC494521AB2B0084F22E6EA70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Deng, Yao;Ma, Li;Li, Qiang	Deng, Yao, Ma, Li, Li, Qiang (2025): Taxonomic update of Psen Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae), with descriptions of three new species from China. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 98: 971-1003, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.98.155469
