taxonID	type	description	language	source
5F6B647FCB46FFC21ACDDE063E14337C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The generic name Semigothograptus is derived from semi (half in Latin) and Gothograptus Frech, 1897 indicating some similarity to the genus Gothograptus.	en	Kozłowska, Anna (2016): A new generic name, Semigothograptus, for Gothograptus? meganassa Rickards & Palmer, 2002, from the Silurian post- lundgreni Biozone recovery phase, and comparative morphology of retiolitids from the lowermost upper Homerian (upper Wenlock). Zootaxa 4208 (6): 534-546, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.6.2
5F6B647FCB46FFC21ACDDE063E14337C.taxon	materials_examined	Type and only species. Gothograptus? meganassa (Rickards & Palmer, 2002) Type locality. Aston Piggot, Long Mountain, Shropshire, UK; material deposited in the Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge (Rickards & Palmer 2002).	en	Kozłowska, Anna (2016): A new generic name, Semigothograptus, for Gothograptus? meganassa Rickards & Palmer, 2002, from the Silurian post- lundgreni Biozone recovery phase, and comparative morphology of retiolitids from the lowermost upper Homerian (upper Wenlock). Zootaxa 4208 (6): 534-546, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.6.2
5F6B647FCB46FFC21ACDDE063E14337C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Tubarium widening gradually from proximal end, nema free. Ancora umbrella simple, a pair of large looping meshes on each side of tubarium. Proximal ventral orifices of triangular shape; lateral orifices kidney-shaped. Ventral wall represented by mid-ventral lists, lips, genicular list, and long lateral apertural rods convex towards the centre of lateral wall, which become distinctly sigmoidal the more distal they are. Oblique clathrial lists on lateral walls.	en	Kozłowska, Anna (2016): A new generic name, Semigothograptus, for Gothograptus? meganassa Rickards & Palmer, 2002, from the Silurian post- lundgreni Biozone recovery phase, and comparative morphology of retiolitids from the lowermost upper Homerian (upper Wenlock). Zootaxa 4208 (6): 534-546, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.6.2
5F6B647FCB46FFC21ACDDE063E14337C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new genus Semigothograptus has a free nema, which therefore does not affect the pattern of the lateral wall, whereas Gothograptus, to which the described species was tentatively designated by Rickards and Palmer, has the nema connected to the lateral (obverse) side of the tubarium (Fig. 1 A). The long lateral apertural rods, convex towards the centre of lateral wall, are unique to Semigothograptus.	en	Kozłowska, Anna (2016): A new generic name, Semigothograptus, for Gothograptus? meganassa Rickards & Palmer, 2002, from the Silurian post- lundgreni Biozone recovery phase, and comparative morphology of retiolitids from the lowermost upper Homerian (upper Wenlock). Zootaxa 4208 (6): 534-546, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.6.2
5F6B647FCB46FFC41ACDDCFD3F1237E2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Genicular hoods of nassa type, reticulum dense in mature colonies.	en	Kozłowska, Anna (2016): A new generic name, Semigothograptus, for Gothograptus? meganassa Rickards & Palmer, 2002, from the Silurian post- lundgreni Biozone recovery phase, and comparative morphology of retiolitids from the lowermost upper Homerian (upper Wenlock). Zootaxa 4208 (6): 534-546, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.6.2
5F6B647FCB46FFC41ACDDCFD3F1237E2.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Four fragments of isolated tubaria with up to six pairs of thecae, from laminated marls, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, depth 1649.2 m and 1649.0 m, geographical coordinates 54 ˚ 14 ’ N, 20 ˚ 57 ’ S, Poland, eastern part of Baltica, East European Platform. Based on flattened graptolites Tomczyk (1974) assigned the interval 1636.5 – 1650.0 m to the dubius / nassa Biozone, upper Homerian, Wenlock. The material comes from the uppermost part of the dubius / nassa Biozone. The studied material was isolated from the rock though slow dissolution in 10 – 30 % hydrochloric acid (HCl), for cleaning specimens with sediment attached 10 % hydrofluoric acid (HF) was used. Specimens are stored in glycerine in plastic containers, and on SEM stubs in the Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw.	en	Kozłowska, Anna (2016): A new generic name, Semigothograptus, for Gothograptus? meganassa Rickards & Palmer, 2002, from the Silurian post- lundgreni Biozone recovery phase, and comparative morphology of retiolitids from the lowermost upper Homerian (upper Wenlock). Zootaxa 4208 (6): 534-546, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.6.2
5F6B647FCB46FFC41ACDDCFD3F1237E2.taxon	description	Description. Length of immature tubarium with proximal end, ZPAL G. 54 / 1, consisting of four pairs of thecae is 5.4 mm (Fig. 1 D). The distance from the ancora umbrella rim to the lip of th 1 1 is 1 mm. Length of lateral apertural rods increases gradually from 0.94 mm in the first theca up to 1.1 mm in the fourth. Width of tubarium measured between thecal lip and lateral apertural rod also increases distally. Width of tubarium on the th 1 1 level is 0.7 mm, on th 2 1 is 0.8 mm, on th 3 1 is 1.1 mm, and th 4 1 level is 1.2 mm. Specimen ZPAL G. 54 / 2, representing possibly a more distal part of tubarium, is parallel-sided, about 1 mm wide. The proximal ventral orifices are of triangular shape (Fig. 1 D, 4 B). The proximal lateral orifices are located centrally, between looping meshes of the ancora umbrella. The looping meshes are developed on both sides of tubarium forming a wavy shape of the ancora umbrella rim (Figs 2, 4 B). They are smaller on the th 1 1 side of tubarium (Fig. 2 B). Within the looping meshes are some thin additional lists (Fig. 2 B). Inside specimen ZPAL G. 54 / 2 there is a free list, which may represent a fragment of the free virgella or nema (Fig. 3 B). Lateral apertural rods (pleural lists of Rickards & Palmer 2002) are long, and distinctly convex towards the longitudinal axis of the lateral walls. Clathrial lists of the lateral walls of tubarium are relatively thin, oblique, going from lateral apertural rod to lateral apertural rod of tubarium (Fig. 4 B). Thecal apertures are almost rectangular. Genicular hoods are of nassa type. On the immature specimen the hoods are present on the first thecae, becoming larger in the medial part of tubarium and absent in the two distal growing thecae (Figs 1 D, 4 B). In some thecae there are some narrow open spaces between bandages, possibly due to taphonomic changes (Fig. 7 A – D). Some irregular bandages are secreted on the outer surface of the upper part of the hoods (Fig. 7 A, D). The largest specimen, of six pairs of thecae, is preserved in two fragments with no proximal end (Fig. 3). The specimen possibly represents the medial part of the tubarium. The reticulum of the tubarium is composed of thin lists, dense in the proximal and medial part of the growing colony, becoming weaker distally, and not developed in the most distal immature part of the tubarium.	en	Kozłowska, Anna (2016): A new generic name, Semigothograptus, for Gothograptus? meganassa Rickards & Palmer, 2002, from the Silurian post- lundgreni Biozone recovery phase, and comparative morphology of retiolitids from the lowermost upper Homerian (upper Wenlock). Zootaxa 4208 (6): 534-546, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.6.2
5F6B647FCB4CFFC91ACDDF953F023626.taxon	description	The nassa type of genicular hoods are developed only on the first thecal pair in the oldest species, Gothograptus kozlowskii, whereas the rest of the genicular processes are largely of reticulated construction. In mature tubaria of Gothograptus nassa, Semigothograptus meganassa and Neogothograptus eximinassa genicular hoods of the nassa type are well-developed on every theca (Kozłowska et al. 2009). The detailed structure of the hood is shown herein in two well-preserved specimens of Semigothograptus meganassa and G. nassa (Fig. 7). The hood is built from many, very thin and densely packed parallel subjacent bandages as shown in detail on Fig. 7 B, F, G. The bandages grow proximally from the genicular list forming a structure of high density. Irregular bandages, growing also proximally and started above the geniculum, are secreted on the outer surface of the hood, strengthening it during astogeny (Fig. 7 A, E – H). The hoods of thecae within mature tubaria may occlude the whole thecal aperture leaving very little space for the zooids. There are some differences in the density of the parallel bandages forming the nassa type of hoods. The irregular bandages forming the outer layer of the hood may be weakly developed. The most dense and solid hoods are those of Gothograptus kozlowskii and G. nassa, whereas the hoods of Semigothograptus meganassa (Fig. 7 A – D), and hoods of Neogothograptus eximinassa (Maletz 2008, fig. 9 H, K) have some space between the parallel bandages. However, in the mature specimens of Semigothograptus meganassa described by Rickards & Palmer (2002), the hoods form solid structures as in the G. nassa hoods (Rickards & Palmer 2002, text-fig. 4 A – F). In the diagnosis of the Gothograptus? meganassa, Rickards & Palmer (2002, p. 229) note that the hoods are “ heavily pigmented but with clear microfusellar tissue ”. SEM examination of the present material reveals that these hoods have distinctive pustules on the parallel bandages as well as on the typical irregular bandages covering the hoods (Fig. 7). The pustules are a unique structure known only on the bandage surfaces of some retiolitids (Bates et al. 2005). Thus the pustules identified under SEM, clearly indicate the bandages. The morphology of the Neogothograptus eximinassa hoods is shown by Maletz (2008, fig. 9 H, K) on SEM pictures. They are similar to the Semigothograptus meganassa hoods but the enlargement is too small to see the details. The pustules are very weakly visible on the parallel structures building the genicular hoods (Maletz, personal communication). Maletz (2008) regarded the hoods as composed of microfusellar structure.	en	Kozłowska, Anna (2016): A new generic name, Semigothograptus, for Gothograptus? meganassa Rickards & Palmer, 2002, from the Silurian post- lundgreni Biozone recovery phase, and comparative morphology of retiolitids from the lowermost upper Homerian (upper Wenlock). Zootaxa 4208 (6): 534-546, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.6.2
