identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5F14F56C5E03FFC545DCFE4CFB20C10D.text	5F14F56C5E03FFC545DCFE4CFB20C10D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hofferia	<div><p>Morphological diagnosis of Hofferia and Stenoheriades</p><p>Both Hofferia and Stenoheriades strongly resemble species of the genus Chelostoma Latreille due to their slender and elongate body form. The following key, which is tailored to the Palaearctic representatives of the Osmiini, delimits Hofferia and Stenoheriades from Chelostoma and the other Palaearctic osmiine bee genera.</p><p>1 Segment 3 of the labial palpus continues the axis of segment 2, whereas segment 4 projects laterally.......................................................................................... Chelostoma group: genus Chelostoma Chelostoma Latreille contains 45 described Palaearctic species. Body length 4–15mm. Body slender and elongate. Females: Mandible usually fringed with long hairs along upper margin. Labrum without tuft of long erect hairs. Clypeus without sharp preapical ridge. Sternum 6 apically without distinct spine-like projection. Males: Tergum 6 without preapical ridge. Tergum 7 with large basal depression or pit, its apical margin bidentate, tripartite, medially incised, truncated or rounded. Sternum 1 not prolonged. Sternum 2 with median projection of different shape. Posterior margin of sternum 5 usually with comb of bristles.</p><p>1* Both segments 3 and 4 of the labial palpus project laterally..................................................... 2</p><p>2 Basal zone of propodeum horizontal to faintly slanting, short, sharply ridged and with distinct transverse carina along its posterior margin........................................................................................... 3</p><p>2* Basal zone of propodeum of different inclination, length or structure, but usually not distinctly carinated posteriorly; if carinated, declivous part of tergum 1 not separated from horizontal part by raised carina................................ 5</p><p>3 Declivous part of tergum 1 separated from horizontal part by indistinct rounded ridge. Proboscis long, reaching beyond coxa of fore leg when folded together; total length of first and second segments of labial palpus almost as long as maximal length of mesosoma. Body length usually longer than 7.5mm ................................. Heriades group: genus Hofferia Hofferia Tkalců contains 2 described Palaearctic species. Body length 7.5–10.5mm. Body slender and elongate, Chelostoma - like. Females: Head very robust, maximal width of genal area distinctly wider than compound eye. Mandible long and slender, not fringed with long hairs along upper margin (Figs. 4, 5). Labrum without tuft of long erect hairs. Apical half of clypeus bent at right angles and separated from basal half by sharp preapical ridge (Figs. 4, 5). Sternum 6 medioapically with distinct spinelike projection. Males: Tergum 6 with preapical transverse ridge, which is irregularly denticulate. Tergum 7 without large basal depression or pit, its apical margin truncated and projecting medially. Sternum 1 prolonged, basally bulging and apically with flat appendix of rectangular to quadrate shape (Figs. 6, 7). Sternum 2 without median projection. Sternum 5 covered with transversally oriented yellowish hairs; its apical margin without comb of bristles, laterally with tuft of yellowish-red hairs.</p><p>3* Declivous part of tergum 1 distinctly separated from horizontal part by sharp and raised carina. Proboscis short, not reaching coxa of fore leg when folded together; total length of first and second segments of labial palpus distinctly shorter than maximal length of mesosoma. Body length not exceeding 8mm ......................................................... 4</p><p>4 Females: Clypeus medioapically with short and narrowly rectangular projection (Fig. 10) or more or less semicircular impression (Figs. 13, 14); if apical margin of clypeus is straight, interantennal area with two raised carinae (Fig. 8). Males: Tergum 6 with preapical transverse ridge, which is denticulate or has two median teeth (Figs. 9, 15). Tergum 7 strongly sclerotized, not hidden by tergum 6 and with two apical teeth (Figs. 9, 15)...................... Heriades group: genus Stenoheriades Stenoheriades Tkalců contains 5 described Palaearctic species. Body length 5–8mm. Body slender and elongate, Chelostoma - like. Axilla never spined. Females: Labrum with preapical tuft of long erect hairs. Mandible basally strongly swollen in one species (Fig. 11). Males: Metasoma moderately curved. Tergum 6 with distinct lateral flaps. Sternum 1 never prolonged. Last antennal segment never flattened or broadened.</p><p>4* Females: Apical margin of clypeus more or less straight or shallowly emarginated along its whole width, with or without small tooth-like projections. Interantennal area without raised carinae. Males: Tergum 6 without preapical transverse ridge (except for Heriades (Rhopaloheriades) clavicornis). Tergum 7 weakly sclerotized and completely hidden by large tergum 6................................................................................. Heriades group: genus Heriades Heriades Spinola contains 23 described Palaearctic species. Body length 4–8mm. Body moderately slender to moderately robust. Axilla spined in some species. Females: Labrum with preapical tuft of long erect hairs. Mandible basally never strongly swollen. Males: Metasoma strongly curved so that at most two sterna are exposed and apex of tergum 6 nearly contacts sternum 1 or 2. Tergum 6 without or with indistinct lateral flaps. Sternum 1 distinctly prolonged in one species. Last antennal segment flattened and broadened in one species.</p><p>5 Pronotal lobe with several minute transverse carinulae on its surface. Females: Labrum with preapical tuft of long erect hairs.</p><p>Males: Tergum 7 weakly sclerotized and completely hidden by large tergum 6.......... Heriades group: genus Protosmia Protosmia Ducke contains 22 described Palaearctic species. Body length 3.5–9mm. Body slender and elongate, Chelostoma - like, to rather robust. Females: Metasoma red-coloured in some species. Males: Sternum 1 prolonged, bulged or with distinct projection. Tergum 6 with lateral flaps. In some species, antenna modified and gena ventrolaterally with longitudinal groove.</p><p>5* Pronotal lobe usually without minute transverse carinulae on its surface. Females: Labrum without preapical tuft of long erect hairs. Males: Tergum 7 strongly sclerotized and not hidden by large tergum 6 (except for Osmia iberica), albeit sometimes small................................................. Osmia group: genera Haetosmia, Hoplitis, Osmia, Wainia The genera Haetosmia Popov, Hoplitis Klug, Osmia Panzer and Wainia Tkalců contain about 500 described Palaearctic species. Body length 4–18mm. Very diverse in body shape, body colour and morphology.</p><p>Biology of Hofferia and Stenoheriades</p><p>All species of Hofferia and Stenoheriades have a strong affinity to Asteraceae as pollen hosts (see species accounts). Both Hofferia mauritanica (Lucas) and H. schmiedeknechti (Schletterer) are oligolectic on the subfamily Carduoideae . The only three pollen loads of Stenoheriades maroccana (Benoist) available so far contained pollen of the subfamily Cichorioideae, whereas the four other Palaearctic Stenoheriades species are probably all strictly specialized on the subfamily Asteroideae . Interestingly, all but one pollen loads of the three closely related species Stenoheriades asiatica (Friese), S. coelostoma (Benoist) and S. levantica spec. nov. (n = 69) only contained pollen grains of the Anthemis type, whereas the pollen loads of S. eingeddica Griswold (n = 10) consisted exclusively of pollen grains of the Aster type. This finding suggests that these Stenoheriades species might possibly restrict pollen harvesting to certain taxa within the Asteroideae .</p><p>Hofferia schmiedeknechti nests in beetle burrows in dead wood (Figs. 1–3; Tkalců, 1984), whereas the nesting biology of H. mauritanica is unknown. Several specimens of Stenoheriades maroccana and S. eingeddica were observed flying around dead wood (Benoist, 1928b; C. Praz and C. Sedivy, personal communication), indicating that insect burrows in dead wood are probably used by Stenoheriades species as nesting sites as well. The slender and elongate body of both Hofferia and Stenoheriades is likely an adaptation for nesting in such narrow linear cavities. The discovery of nests of H. schmiedeknechti in Israel in spring 2013 by V. Trunz and D. Bénon revealed for the first time that this species constructs both cell walls and nest plug with resin, which is partly mixed with small pebbles (Fig. 3). The nest building material of Stenoheriades species is still unknown. However, since all other genera of the Heriades group whose nesting behaviour is known use resin for nest construction (Müller, 2013), resin is probably also used by the Stenoheriades species to build their brood cells.</p><p>In most parts of their Palaearctic distribution area, species of Hofferia and Stenoheriades do not emerge before mid-May and are mainly active from end of May to July except for S. eingeddica, which flies in April (Israel) or October (Oman, Yemen), and S. levantica, which is active from mid-March to end of May.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F14F56C5E03FFC545DCFE4CFB20C10D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Müller, Andreas;Trunz, Vincent	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E00FFC545DCFA3DFE5EC203.text	5F14F56C5E00FFC545DCFA3DFE5EC203.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hofferia Tkalcu 1984	<div><p>Genus Hofferia Tkalců, 1984</p><p>Two species restricted to the Palaearctic region. The two species have an allopatric distribution with one species occurring in the Maghreb and the other species ranging from southeastern Europe to easternmost Turkey and from southern Turkey to the Levant.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F14F56C5E00FFC545DCFA3DFE5EC203	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Müller, Andreas;Trunz, Vincent	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E00FFC445DCF97DFDACC59B.text	5F14F56C5E00FFC445DCF97DFDACC59B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hofferia mauritanica (Lucas 1849) Lucas 1849	<div><p>Hofferia mauritanica (Lucas, 1849)</p><p>Chelostoma mauritanicum Lucas, 1849: 205 . Type material: Holotype ♀, “lac Tonga ” (Algeria). Eriades obtusus Friese, 1897: 193 . Type material: Lectotype ♂, by designation of Tkalců (1984), “ Algeria ”, Museum für Naturkunde Berlin. Synonymy in Alfken (1914).</p><p>New records. ALGERIA: Tikjda Kabylie, 26. – 28.6.1954; Constantine, 25.5.– 16.6.2005; Constantine, 20.4.– 23.5.2008; Guelma, 1.6.2008; Skikda, 2.6.2008; Mila, Ouledbazer, 18.4. – 26.5.2013; Mila, Redjas, 1.6.2013. MOROCCO: Meknes, 16.– 17.7.1931; Tizi-n-Tichka, 2.7.1987; Kenitra, 30.4.1990; Amouguer, 50km W Rich, 23.5.1995; Bhalil, 10km NW Sefrou, 28.5.1995; Oujda, Jbel Mahseur, 26.5.1996; Oujda, Oued Oussera, 29.5.1996; Ifrane env., 17.5.2003; Volubilis, 2.5km NW Moulay-Idriss, 2.6.2007. TUNISIA: Hammam-Liv, 22.5.1913; Tabarka, 4.7.1972; Zaghouan mountains, 1.– 2.6.1993; 10km S Nefza, 18.4.2001.</p><p>Distribution. Northern Africa from Morocco to Tunisia.</p><p>Pollen hosts. Oligolectic on Carduoideae (Asteraceae) (based on 27 pollen samples from 11 different localities). Flower records: Centaurea acaulis, C. calcitrapa, C. nicaensis, C. solstitialis, Galactites tomentosa, Onopordum illyricum, O. macracanthum (label records).</p><p>Nesting biology. Unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F14F56C5E00FFC445DCF97DFDACC59B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Müller, Andreas;Trunz, Vincent	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E01FFC445DCFE46FDC5C283.text	5F14F56C5E01FFC445DCFE46FDC5C283.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hofferia schmiedeknechti (Schletterer 1889) Schletterer 1889	<div><p>Hofferia schmiedeknechti (Schletterer, 1889)</p><p>Chelostoma schmiedeknechti Schletterer, 1889: 638 . Type material: Holotype ♀, “Süd-Ungarn (Mehadia)” (Romania), Hungarian Natural History Museum Budapest. Type species of Hofferia .</p><p>Heriades tumida Benoist, 1928: 332 . Type material: Holotype ♂, “Taurus” (Turkey), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Paris. Synonymy in Zanden (1990).</p><p>Heriades gibba Benoist, 1928: 333 . Type material: Holotype ♂, “Taurus” (Turkey), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Paris. Synonymy in Zanden (1990).</p><p>New records. BULGARIA: Sozopol, 22.6.1963, 6.7.1977; Slancev Brjag, 25.7.1968, 20.6.1971, 1.– 30.6.1972, 2.6.– 7.7.2008; Pisatel, 6.7.1976; Biser-Harmanli, 28.6.1978; Albena, 6.7.1978; Varna-Vinica, 11.– 21.7.1978; Ropotamo, 11.7.1979; Lozenec, 16.6.2008; 25km NE Svilengrad, 20.6.2008 . GREECE, Epirus: Preveza, 25.6.1997; Lesvos: Sigri, 31.5.– 2.6.2012; Vatousa, 4.6.2012; Peloponnes: Olympia, 4.– 11.7.1979, 4.– 6.6.1995, 27.5.1998; 17km SW Kalavrita, 1.6.1993; Sparta, Amyklai, 19.5.1995; Avia, Kalamata, 9.– 10.6.1995, 26.6.1996; 5.5.2000; Diavolitsi, Karnasi, 12.6.1995; Ano Karnes (Likeos mountains), 17.6.1995; Chlemoutsi (Elis), 19.6.1995; Sparta, Menelaion, 5.6.1996; Hosiari, 8.6.1996; Samikon, 15.5.1997; Kotili (Likeos mountains), 21.– 22.6.1997, 17.6.1998; Mavromati, Ithome, 24.6.1997, 2.6.1998; Mistras, Parori, 10.7.1997; Kalogria (Achaia), 14.– 18.5.2000; Langada (Mani), 26.4.2001; 10km W Korinthos, 5.6.2005; Skoutari (Mani), 26.5.2006; Kato Loussi, 8.7.2006. ISRAEL AND PALESTINE: Banyas, 26.5.1991; Mt. Tabor, 28.5.1991; Mt. Meron, 30.5.1991; 40km NE Haifa, 1km E Hurfeish, 15.5.1996; Mt. Carmel, 29.5.2000; Golan, 1km NW Kefahr Hanasi, 23.5.2011; Golan, Lehavot HaBashan, 3.5.2013. JORDAN: North Shuna env., 29.– 30.4.1996; Ajlun, 1.5.2006. SYRIA: Apamea, 29.4.1995. TURKEY, Ankara: around Camlidere, 17.6.2006; Artvin: Yusufeli/Ishan, 20.5.1993; Aydin: between Kuyucak and Buharli, 28.5.2005; Bolu: Ciller, 20km W Mudurnu; Hakkari: 10km N Uludere, 4.6.1980; 10km NE Oramar, 29.6.1985; 25km E Gözeldere, 22.6.2010; Mersin: Kilik. Taurus, Namrun, 16.6.– 3.7.1979 .</p><p>Literature records. MACEDONIA: Ohrid, 7.6.1965 (Zanden, 1989).</p><p>Distribution. Southeastern Europe (Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia, southern Romania) to easternmost Turkey and southwards to the Levant (Syria, Jordan, Israel and Palestine).</p><p>Pollen hosts. Oligolectic on Carduoideae (Asteraceae) (based on 15 pollen samples from 13 different localities, the pollen content of three brood cells from the same nest and field observations; Tkalců, 1984); one pollen load contained pollen grains of the Anthemis type, suggesting that species of Asteroideae are occasionally exploited as pollen sources as well. Flower records: Carduus acanthoides, C. thoermeri, Onopordum tauricum (Tkalců, 1984); Silybum marianum, Centaurea spec. (personal observation).</p><p>Nesting biology. Beetle burrows in dead wood (Figs. 1–3; Tkalců, 1984). The nests are closed with a thick plug of plant resin mixed with small pebbles (Fig. 3); resin is also used for the construction of the thin walls that separate the linearly arranged brood cells.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F14F56C5E01FFC445DCFE46FDC5C283	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Müller, Andreas;Trunz, Vincent	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E01FFC245DCF94EFA35C2E4.text	5F14F56C5E01FFC245DCF94EFA35C2E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hofferia	<div><p>Key to the species of Hofferia</p><p>Females</p><p>1 Preapical ridge between basal and apical half of clypeus medially with wide, rather deep and more or less triangular emargination (Fig. 4). Body length 8.5–10mm ..................................................... Hofferia mauritanica</p><p>1* Preapical ridge between basal and apical half of clypeus medially with two shallow and roundish emarginations separated by small triangular tooth (Fig. 5). Body length 8.5–10.5mm .................................. Hofferia schmiedeknechti</p><p>Males</p><p>1 Medioapical appendix of sternum 1 as long as its basal width to slightly shorter (Fig. 6). Punctation of bulging part of sternum 1 medially very sparse (Fig. 6). Transversally oriented pilosity on sternum 5 rather loose and not tightly appressed to sternal surface. Body length 7.5–9.5mm ......................................................... Hofferia mauritanica</p><p>1* Medioapical appendix of sternum 1 half as long as its basal width to slightly longer (Fig. 7). Punctation of bulging part of sternum 1 medially often rather dense except for a narrow longitudinal zone (Fig. 7). Transversally oriented pilosity on sternum 5 dense and tightly appressed to sternal surface. Body length 7.5–10mm ....................... Hofferia schmiedeknechti</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F14F56C5E01FFC245DCF94EFA35C2E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Müller, Andreas;Trunz, Vincent	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E07FFC145DCF891FBA5C70E.text	5F14F56C5E07FFC145DCF891FBA5C70E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenoheriades Tkalcu 1984	<div><p>Genus Stenoheriades Tkalců, 1984</p><p>Eleven species distributed in the Palaearctic and the Afrotropical regions (including Madagascar) with five and six species, respectively. Six Afrotropical species are still undescribed (Michener, 2007). The Palaearctic distribution range of Stenoheriades encompasses Morocco, southern Spain and Sicily, southeastern Europe to easternmost Turkey and southern Turkey to the Levant and the Arabian peninsula.</p><p>Heriades integra Benoist, 1934, is treated as a member of the genus Stenoheriades by Griswold (1985, 1994) and Ungricht et al. (2008). Unfortunately, the male holotype originating from northernmost Morocco could not be located at the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Paris. However, the original description lists several characters, such as spined axilla, lack of a transverse carina between vertical and horizontal part of tergum 1 and rounded tergum 7, which exclude its membership in Stenoheriades . Instead, these characters solely apply to Osmia (Hoplosmia) scutellaris Morawitz, 1868, rendering the name Heriades integra syn. nov. a junior synonym of Osmia scutellaris .</p><p>No morphological characters are known so far to differentiate between the males of S. asiatica, S. coelostoma and S. levantica, raising the question whether the male types of S. asiatica might be conspecific with S. coelostoma or S. levantica . As females of a Stenoheriades species have been collected near the type locality of S. asiatica (Nur mountains, Hatay province, Turkey; Friese, 1921), which neither belong to S. coelostoma nor S. levantica, the Stenoheriades species with mandibles of normal shape, a shallow impression at the clypeal margin and a basal tubercle on the labrum (see identification key) is most probably S. asiatica . This assumption is in line with the currently known distribution range of S. coelostoma and S. levantica, which is—compared with S. asiatica —more western and more southern, respectively (see species accounts). The clarification of the species identity of S. asiatica renders the information about the geographic range of S. asiatica given by Ungricht et al. (2008) erroneous: S. asiatica neither occurs in Europe nor in western Turkey but ranges from central to easternmost Turkey. The Stenoheriades species that is distributed in southeastern Europe and western Turkey is S. coelostoma, which has been erroneously synonymized with S. asiatica by Griswold (1994).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F14F56C5E07FFC145DCF891FBA5C70E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Müller, Andreas;Trunz, Vincent	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E04FFC145DCF8C7FBF2C3C4.text	5F14F56C5E04FFC145DCF8C7FBF2C3C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenoheriades coelostoma	<div><p>coelostoma species group</p><p>The species of this Palaearctic group are characterized by the presence of a subapical tuft of long bristles on the female labrum and the bidentate transverse preapical ridge of male tergum 6 (Fig. 15).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F14F56C5E04FFC145DCF8C7FBF2C3C4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Müller, Andreas;Trunz, Vincent	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E04FFC145DCFC7AFE34C0A0.text	5F14F56C5E04FFC145DCFC7AFE34C0A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenoheriades eingeddica	<div><p>eingeddica species group</p><p>The species of this group, which contains two southern African taxa beside S. eingeddica (Griswold, 1985, 1994), are characterized by the distinctly carinate preoccipital ridge, the carinate omaulus, a dorsal projection on the metapleuron, distinct interantennal carinae in the female (Fig. 8) and the denticulate transverse preapical ridge of male tergum 6 (Fig. 9).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F14F56C5E04FFC145DCFC7AFE34C0A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Müller, Andreas;Trunz, Vincent	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E04FFC145DCFB6DFA32C31D.text	5F14F56C5E04FFC145DCFB6DFA32C31D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenoheriades eingeddica Griswold 1994	<div><p>Stenoheriades eingeddica Griswold, 1994</p><p>Stenoheriades eingeddicus Griswold, 1994: 18 . Type material: Holotype ♂, “Ejn Geddi Palestine ” (Israel), Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources Nicosia.</p><p>New records. ISRAEL AND PALESTINE, Arava valley: Iddan, 26.– 27.4.1996, 8.5.1996, 9.4.2011; En Yahav, 15.4.– 4.5.2010; 2km N En Yahav, 28.4.2010; Hazeva, 16.4.2011; Wadi Shahak, 11.4.2012; Judean Desert: En Zeelim, 5km N Masada, 7.5.1996; Negev: 50km SE Beer Sheva, Wadi En Aqrabbim, 8.5.1996. JORDAN: Zarga Main, 7.5.1995; Dead Sea env., 16.4.1996. YEMEN: Wadi Aniz SSW Sana, 7.10.2005; Hawf NE Albhaydah, 14.10.2005 .</p><p>Literature records. OMAN: Dhofar, Ayun Pools. 10.10.1977 (Griswold, 1994).</p><p>Distribution. Desert areas of the Levant (Jordan, Israel and Palestine) and Arabian Peninsula (Oman, Yemen).</p><p>Pollen hosts. Probably oligolectic on Asteroideae (Asteraceae) (based on 10 pollen samples from 5 different localities); all pollen loads examined consisted exclusively of pollen grains of the Aster type. Flower records: Atractylis carduus (Griswold, 1994); Anvillea garcinii, Pulicaria undulata (label records).</p><p>Nesting biology. Several individuals were observed flying around dead Acacia wood in the Negev desert (C. Praz and C. Sedivy, personal communication), suggesting that insect burrows in dead wood are used as nesting site.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F14F56C5E04FFC145DCFB6DFA32C31D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Müller, Andreas;Trunz, Vincent	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E05FFC045DCFF24FDACC694.text	5F14F56C5E05FFC045DCFF24FDACC694.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenoheriades asiatica (Friese 1921) Friese 1921	<div><p>Stenoheriades asiatica (Friese, 1921)</p><p>Heriades asiaticus Friese, 1921: 175 . Type material: Syntypes ♂, “Airan” (Turkey).</p><p>New records. SYRIA: N of Latakia, Slinfeh env., 7.6.1999. TURKEY, Adiyaman: Nemrut Dagi, Karadut, 2.7.1993; Karadut env., 50km N Adiyaman, 1.6.2001; Hakkari: Uludere, 5.6.1977; 22km S Beytüssebap, 2.6.1980; 10km W Uludere, 4.6.1980; 19km S Beytüssebap, 26.6.1985; Hatay: Bademli, 6km W Hassa, 13.5.2002; Akcali, 35km S Hakkari, 21.6.2010; Sanliurfa: Halfeti (Birecik), 31.5.1998; Siirt: 5km E Eruh, 26.5.1983 .</p><p>Distribution. Central to easternmost Turkey and southwards to northern Syria; westernmost records: Bademli (Hatay province, Turkey) and Latakia (Syria).</p><p>Pollen hosts. Probably oligolectic on Asteroideae (Asteraceae) (based on 10 pollen loads from 6 different localities); all pollen loads examined consisted exclusively of pollen grains of the Anthemis type except for one load that additionally contained a small percentage of pollen grains of the Taraxacum type, suggesting that Cichorioideae might occasionally be exploited as pollen hosts as well.</p><p>Nesting biology. Unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F14F56C5E05FFC045DCFF24FDACC694	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Müller, Andreas;Trunz, Vincent	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E05FFC045DCFD46FDACC38C.text	5F14F56C5E05FFC045DCFD46FDACC38C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenoheriades coelostoma (Benoist 1935) Benoist 1935	<div><p>Stenoheriades coelostoma (Benoist, 1935)</p><p>Heriades coelostoma Benoist, 1935: 277 . Type material: Lectotype ♀, by designation of Zanden (unpublished), “Asie mineure: Taurus” (Turkey), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Paris. The synonymization with Stenoheriades asiatica (Friese, 1921) in Griswold (1994) is erroneous (see above).</p><p>Pseudoheriades (Stenoheriades) hofferi Tkalců, 1984: 2 . Type material: ♂, “ Bulgaria mer.-occ. Peju Javorov (im Struma-Tal)”, Tkalců Collection Praha. Type species of Stenoheriades Tkalců. New synonymy based on type material and distribution.</p><p>New records. BULGARIA: Sandanski, 13.7.1966, 26.5.– 31.7.1967, 1.– 30.6.1969; Pirin, 5.1967; Rodopi, Parvenec, 12.6.1996; Rodopi, Hrabrino, 15.6.1997; Trakia, Proslav, 10.7.1997. CROATIA: Makaraska river, Drvenik, 16.6.2000; Melnik, 25.6.2007. GREECE, Attica: Kifissia N Athen, 30.4.1977; Athen, Daphni, 10.5.1986; Fokida Chriso, 3km W Delfi; 5.5.1998; Epirus: Smolikas, 8.1980; Lesvos: 4.6km N Plomari, 12.6.2004; Peloponnes: Olympia (Alfios valley), 13.5.2000; Achaia, Zachlorou, N Kalavrita, 31.5.– 1.6.2002; Loutra, 30km SEE Olympia, 2.5.2005; Kato Loussi, 20.6.2008; Thasos: Agios Georgios, 22.5.2012; Melissourgos, 19.6.2012; Thessaly: Mt. Ossa, 28.5.1988. TURKEY, Adana: Pozanti, 28.5.1979, 6.7.1983; Sihli, 3km NW Tekir, 12.8.1983; Candirlar, 11.7.1996; Amasya: Amasya, 5.7.1977; Ankara: Beynam, 15km S Ankara, 23.7.1987; Ankara, 15.6.2006; Camlidere env., 17.6.2006; Antalya: Taskesigi, 100km E Antalya, 25.5.1990; Köstebek, 24.6.1991; N Akseki, 19.6.1998; Side-Kumköy, 60km E Antalya, 4.– 17.4.2004; Elmali env., 6.7.2006; between Korkuteli and Tefenni, 6.8.2006; Konyaalti, 25.5.2009; Aydin: between Akcaköy and Ödemis, 28.5.2006; Bolu: 17km S Seben, 17.6.1998; Eskisehir: Inönü, 1.8.1991; Izmir: Boz Dag, 6.1990; Dikili env., W Izmir, 19.6.1998; Izmir env., 19.– 20.6.1998; 10km NE Ödemis, 3.7.2006; Konya: Seydisehir, Teke Gec, 1.8.1904; 10km S Karaman, 19.6.1985; Mt. Aydos/Eregli, 7.8.1991; 30km S Aksehir, 24.6.1998; 10km S Aksehir, 25.6.1998; Kütahya: 28km SSE Kütahya, 12.7.2006; 20km NEE Kütahya, 13.7.2006; Manisa: 35km SEE Salihli, 30.6– 2.7.2006; Mersin: Namrun, 3.6.1983; Kiskalesi, Silifke, 9.– 13.5.1988; Uzuncaburc, 30km N Silifke, 28.5.1996; Cornelek, 40km E Mut, 29.5.1996, 18.6.1997; 30km NW Erdemli, 20.6.1996; Taurus mountains, 20km NW Erdemli, 5.7.1996; Eksiler, 20km W Silifke, 17.6.1997; Kirobasi, 60km E Mut, 19.6.1997; Kuzucubelen, 28.5.1998, 15.6.2000; Aslanli, 30km N Erdemli, 17.6.1998; 30km N Kuzucubelen, 15.6.2000; Erdemli, 28.6.2000; Sahmurlu, 23.5.2005; Mugla: Seki, 70km NE Fethiye, 7.7.1981; Gökbel, Dalyan, 26.5.2005; Nevsehir: Capadoica, Ürgüp, 13.6.1998; Nigde: W Ciftehan, 20.6.1981; Yozgat: Saraykent env., 70km E Yozgat, 12.6.2001.</p><p>Distribution. Southeastern Europe (Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece) to central Turkey; easternmost record: Candirlar (Adana province, Turkey).</p><p>Pollen hosts. Oligolectic on Asteroideae (Asteraceae) (based on 35 pollen loads from 15 different localities); all pollen loads examined consisted exclusively of pollen grains of the Anthemis type. Flower records: Anthemis arvensis (label record).</p><p>Nesting biology. Unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F14F56C5E05FFC045DCFD46FDACC38C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Müller, Andreas;Trunz, Vincent	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E0AFFCF45DCFF24FC3CC3E8.text	5F14F56C5E0AFFCF45DCFF24FC3CC3E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenoheriades levantica Muller	<div><p>Stenoheriades levantica Müller, spec. nov.</p><p>Holotype: ISRAEL AND PALESTINE: Mt. Carmel, Mitla, 300m, 32o44’11N 34o59’91E, 17.4.2000, ♀ (leg. S.P.M. Roberts). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich.</p><p>Paratypes: ISRAEL AND PALESTINE: Banyas, 26.5.1991, 2♀ (leg. K. Warncke); Tel Dan, 26.5.1991, ♀ (leg. K. Warncke); Mt. Meron, 30.5.1991, ♂ (leg. K. Warncke); Mt. Tabor, 580m, 28.5.1991, 8♀, ♂ (leg. K. Warncke); Mt. Carmel, Mitla, 17.4.2000, ♂ (leg. S.P.M. Roberts); Judean Foothills, Park Britannia, 24.4.2011, ♀ (leg. T. Koznichki); Ramat haNadiv, 24.4.2012, ♀ (leg. T. Shapira); Nahal Ar’ar, 4.5.2012, ♂ (leg. G. Pisanty). JORDAN: North Shuna env., 29.– 30.4.1996, 7♀ (leg. M. Halada); NW of Ailun, 850m, 20.5.2007, ♀ (leg. Z. Kejval). SYRIA: Ganawat, 16.5.1995, 3♀, 7♂ (leg. K. Denes). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich, the Oberösterreichische Landesmuseum Linz and the private collection of M. Schwarz ( Ansfelden).</p><p>Additional records. ISRAEL AND PALESTINE: Park Britannia, 12.3.2013, ♀ (leg. Y. Berner); Ya’ar Adulam, 3.4.2013, ♀ (leg. Y. Berner).</p><p>Literature records. LEBANON: Djezzine, 2.6.1953 (Mavromoustakis, 1955, as S. coelostoma).</p><p>Diagnosis. The female of S. levantica is characterized by a median impression at the clypeal margin as are the females of the closely related S. asiatica and S. coelostoma . It differs from S. coelostoma by the two-teethed mandible with a straight upper margin (Fig. 12), and from both S. asiatica and S. coelostoma by the deep, well limited and regularly semicircular clypeal impression (Fig. 14) and the lack of a distinct triangular tubercle at the labral base (Fig. 14). The male of S. levantica is morphologically identical with the males of S. asiatica and S. coelostoma .</p><p>Description: Second segment of labial palpus about three times as long as first segment. Preoccipital ridge carinate. Parapsidal line distinctly longer than half length of tegula. Basal zone of propodeum very short, medially about half as long as metanotum, longitudinally ridged and with distinct transverse carina along its posterior margin. Posterior surface of propodeum polished, without punctures except for lateral parts, which are rather densely punctured. Tibial spurs of hind leg yellowish to yellowish-white, nearly straight and regularly tapering towards acute apex. Declivous part of tergum 1 polished and almost devoid of punctures, distinctly separated from horizontal part by sharp and raised carina.</p><p>FEMALE: Body length 5–7mm. Mandible with two apical teeth and straight, uninterrupted upper margin (Fig. 12); its base with roundish to oval impression, well developed tubercle at its lower and weakly developed tubercle at its upper margin; basal half of mandibular inside without projections below cutting edge. Labrum extending beyond closed mandibles, basally flat or rarely with minute roundish tubercle (Fig. 14). Clypeus with medioapical impression, which is rather deep, well limited and of regular semicircular shape (Fig. 14); clypeal impression medially with longitudinal carina, which is continuous to developed only basally. Maximal width of genal area about as wide as compound eye. Apical margin of terga 1–4 with uninterrupted whitish hair bands; apical hair band on tergum 5 only weakly developed. Scopa yellowish-white.</p><p>MALE: Body length 5–7mm. Antennal segments 3–4 shorter than wide. Base of mandible with roundish impression. Labrum basally with distinct tubercle of oval to triangular shape. Clypeus medioapically slightly emarginated. Maximal width of genal area about 0.6x as wide as compound eye. Hypostomal area covered with dense whitish pilosity, which increases in length towards the occiput. Apical margins of terga 1–5 each with sparse whitish hair band. Tergum 6 with distinct lateral flaps; its transverse preapical ridge with two median teeth separated from each other by roundish incision (Fig. 15). Tergum 7 bifid (Fig. 15). Sternum 1 strongly bulged. Hair fringe at apical margin of sternum 4 more than half as long as hair fringe at apical margin of sternum 3. Sternum 5 with triangular incision; its lateral lobes apically with fringe of short bristles at inner edge. Sternum 6 medially with deep depression of oval shape, which bears two short rows of minute and stiff bristles at its posterior end. Apex of gonoforceps slightly bent inwards.</p><p>Distribution. Levant (southern Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and Palestine).</p><p>Pollen hosts. Oligolectic on Asteroideae (Asteraceae) (based on 24 pollen loads from 12 different localities); all pollen loads examined consisted exclusively of pollen grains of the Anthemis type except for one load that contained pollen of the Aster type. Flower records: yellow Asteraceae flowers (Mavromoustakis, 1955).</p><p>Nesting biology. Unknown.</p><p>Etymology. levanticus = referring to the Levant, the geographic area encompassing the eastern Mediterranean region that ranges from southernmost Turkey to the Sinai peninsula.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F14F56C5E0AFFCF45DCFF24FC3CC3E8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Müller, Andreas;Trunz, Vincent	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E0BFFCE45DCFA5CFC5BC3BE.text	5F14F56C5E0BFFCE45DCFA5CFC5BC3BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenoheriades maroccana (Benoist 1928) Benoist 1928	<div><p>Stenoheriades maroccana (Benoist, 1928)</p><p>Heriades maroccana Benoist, 1928: 212 . Type material: Lectotype ♀, by designation of Zanden (unpublished), “Aïn Leuh” (Morocco), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Paris.</p><p>New records. ITALY, Sicily: Etna south, 21.6.2012. MOROCCO: Meknes, 20.3.1992. SPAIN, Andalucia: Granada, Cerro del Chupa, 1.6.1986; Sierra Cazorla, Palomas, 17.6.2003.</p><p>Distribution. Southernmost Europe (southern Spain, Sicily) and northern Africa (Morocco).</p><p>Pollen hosts. The only three pollen loads available so far (from three localities) contained pollen of Cichorioideae (Asteraceae) . Flower records: Sonchus, Calendula stellata (label records).</p><p>Nesting biology. Several females and males were observed at a wooden phone post in Morocco (Benoist, 1928b), suggesting that insect burrows in dead wood are used as nesting site.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F14F56C5E0BFFCE45DCFA5CFC5BC3BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Müller, Andreas;Trunz, Vincent	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E08FFCD45DCFF2BFA35C349.text	5F14F56C5E08FFCD45DCFF2BFA35C349.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenoheriades	<div><p>Key to the Palaearctic species of Stenoheriades</p><p>Females</p><p>1 Apical margin of clypeus straight or medially projecting (Figs. 8, 10)............................................. 2</p><p>1* Apical zone of clypeus with median impression (Figs. 13, 14)................................................... 3</p><p>2 Interantennal area with two raised carinae (Fig. 8). Preoccipital ridge raised to a carina. Paraocular area, pronotal lobe and base of tegula covered with dense, rather short and appressed white pilosity (Fig. 8). Apical margin of clypeus straight, medially with three more or less distinct short teeth (Fig. 8). Clypeus weakly and evenly rounded. Mandible short and broad with three distinct apical teeth (Fig. 8). Labrum short, projecting for less than half of its length beyond closed mandibles, its apical zone not edged longitudinally and more than half as wide as basal width of labrum. Punctation of head and thorax coarse except for clypeus, where minute punctures are intermixed with large punctures (Fig. 8); largest punctures on supraclypeal area larger than largest punctures on clypeus. Body length 7–8mm .................................... Stenoheriades eingeddica</p><p>2* Interantennal area without raised carinae (Fig. 10). Preoccipital ridge edged, but not raised to a carina. Paraocular area, pronotal lobe and base of tegula covered with sparse, long and erect whitish pilosity (Fig. 10). Apical margin of clypeus medially with short and narrowly rectangular projection (Fig. 10), which is apically straight or bears up to three weak protuberances. Clypeus distinctly bulged in its basal half. Mandible long and slender with two distinct apical teeth and small tooth-like projection along upper margin (Fig. 10). Labrum long, projecting for almost half of its length beyond closed mandibles, its apical fourth sharply edged longitudinally and less than half as wide as basal width of labrum. Punctation of head and thorax rather fine; largest punctures on supraclypeal area smaller than largest punctures on clypeus (Fig. 10). Body length 6–7.5mm ....................................................................................... Stenoheriades maroccana</p><p>3 Mandible with three teeth (Fig. 11); the two preapical teeth are separated by a shallow emargination and moved upwards, so that the upper margin of the mandible is nowhere straight. Mandible basally distinctly swollen, with strong roundish tubercle at its upper margin and with two small, more or less distinct roundish projections positioned on the mandibular inside slightly below the upper margin (Fig. 11). Body length 6–7mm .................................... Stenoheriades coelostoma</p><p>3* Mandible with two teeth (Fig. 12), upper margin straight above preapical tooth. Mandible basally not distinctly swollen, with weakly developed tubercle at its upper margin and without projections on the mandibular inside below the cutting edge (Fig. 12).................................................................................................. 4</p><p>4 Median impression at apical margin of clypeus shallow, indistinctly limited and not regularly semicircular (Fig. 13). Base of labrum with distinct, more or less triangular tubercle (Fig. 13). Body length 5–7mm ............... Stenoheriades asiatica</p><p>4* Median impression at apical margin of clypeus deep, clearly limited and regularly semicircular (Fig. 14). Base of labrum flat, rarely with very small roundish tubercle (Fig. 14). Body length 5–7mm ........................ Stenoheriades levantica</p><p>Males</p><p>1 Transverse preapical ridge of tergum 6 with several acute teeth (Fig. 9). Paraocular area, clypeus, pronotal lobe and base of tegula covered with dense, rather short and appressed white pilosity. Base of terga 2–4 distinctly constricted. Punctation of head and thorax coarse; punctures on supraclypeal area larger than punctures on clypeus. Body length 6–7mm ............................................................................................. Stenoheriades eingeddica</p><p>1* Transverse preapical ridge of tergum 6 with two median teeth separated from each other by a roundish or triangular incision (Fig. 15). Paraocular area, clypeus, pronotal lobe and base of tegula covered with sparse, long and erect whitish pilosity. Base of tergum 2 weakly, of terga 3–4 barely perceivably constricted. Punctation of head and thorax rather fine; punctures on supraclypeal area and clypeus of about the same size.............................................................. 2</p><p>2 Medioapical part of clypeus slightly protruding and raised, with three, rarely more short teeth. Antennal segments 3–4 quadrate to slightly longer than wide. Hypostomal area sparsely covered with long whitish hairs. Base of mandible without roundish impression. Sternum 1 slightly bulged. Hair fringe at apical margin of sternum 4 about half as long as hair fringe at apical margin of sternum 3. Sternum 5 with large and roundish incision; lateral lobes of sternum 5 with narrow fringe of short bristles along apical margin. Apex of gonoforceps bent inwards at almost right angles. Body length 5.5–7mm .................................................................................................... Stenoheriades maroccana</p><p>2* Medioapical part of clypeus neither protruding nor raised, without teeth or sometimes with median protuberance. Antennal segments 3–4 shorter than wide. Hypostomal area covered with dense whitish pilosity. Base of mandible with roundish impression. Sternum 1 strongly bulged. Hair fringe at apical margin of sternum 4 more than half as long as hair fringe at apical margin of sternum 3. Sternum 5 with rather small and triangular incision; lateral lobes of sternum 5 apically with fringe of short bristles only at their inner edge. Apex of gonoforceps slightly bent inwards. Body length 5–7mm. No morphological characters are known to distinguish the following three species in the male sex. To the present knowledge, the species have an allopatric distribution:................................................ Stenoheriades coelostoma: southeastern Europe to central Turkey ............................................. Stenoheriades asiatica: central to easternmost Turkey, northern Syria ...................................... Stenoheriades levantica: southern Syria, Lebanon, Israel and Palestine, Jordan</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F14F56C5E08FFCD45DCFF2BFA35C349	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Müller, Andreas;Trunz, Vincent	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
