taxonID	type	description	language	source
5F14F56C5E03FFC545DCFE4CFB20C10D.taxon	discussion	Both Hofferia and Stenoheriades strongly resemble species of the genus Chelostoma Latreille due to their slender and elongate body form. The following key, which is tailored to the Palaearctic representatives of the Osmiini, delimits Hofferia and Stenoheriades from Chelostoma and the other Palaearctic osmiine bee genera.	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E03FFC545DCFE4CFB20C10D.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology of Hofferia and Stenoheriades All species of Hofferia and Stenoheriades have a strong affinity to Asteraceae as pollen hosts (see species accounts). Both Hofferia mauritanica (Lucas) and H. schmiedeknechti (Schletterer) are oligolectic on the subfamily Carduoideae. The only three pollen loads of Stenoheriades maroccana (Benoist) available so far contained pollen of the subfamily Cichorioideae, whereas the four other Palaearctic Stenoheriades species are probably all strictly specialized on the subfamily Asteroideae. Interestingly, all but one pollen loads of the three closely related species Stenoheriades asiatica (Friese), S. coelostoma (Benoist) and S. levantica spec. nov. (n = 69) only contained pollen grains of the Anthemis type, whereas the pollen loads of S. eingeddica Griswold (n = 10) consisted exclusively of pollen grains of the Aster type. This finding suggests that these Stenoheriades species might possibly restrict pollen harvesting to certain taxa within the Asteroideae. Hofferia schmiedeknechti nests in beetle burrows in dead wood (Figs. 1 – 3; Tkalců, 1984), whereas the nesting biology of H. mauritanica is unknown. Several specimens of Stenoheriades maroccana and S. eingeddica were observed flying around dead wood (Benoist, 1928 b; C. Praz and C. Sedivy, personal communication), indicating that insect burrows in dead wood are probably used by Stenoheriades species as nesting sites as well. The slender and elongate body of both Hofferia and Stenoheriades is likely an adaptation for nesting in such narrow linear cavities. The discovery of nests of H. schmiedeknechti in Israel in spring 2013 by V. Trunz and D. Bénon revealed for the first time that this species constructs both cell walls and nest plug with resin, which is partly mixed with small pebbles (Fig. 3). The nest building material of Stenoheriades species is still unknown. However, since all other genera of the Heriades group whose nesting behaviour is known use resin for nest construction (Müller, 2013), resin is probably also used by the Stenoheriades species to build their brood cells. In most parts of their Palaearctic distribution area, species of Hofferia and Stenoheriades do not emerge before mid-May and are mainly active from end of May to July except for S. eingeddica, which flies in April (Israel) or October (Oman, Yemen), and S. levantica, which is active from mid-March to end of May.	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E00FFC545DCFA3DFE5EC203.taxon	discussion	Two species restricted to the Palaearctic region. The two species have an allopatric distribution with one species occurring in the Maghreb and the other species ranging from southeastern Europe to easternmost Turkey and from southern Turkey to the Levant.	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E00FFC445DCF97DFDACC59B.taxon	materials_examined	New records. ALGERIA: Tikjda Kabylie, 26. – 28.6.1954; Constantine, 25.5. – 16.6.2005; Constantine, 20.4. – 23.5.2008; Guelma, 1.6.2008; Skikda, 2.6.2008; Mila, Ouledbazer, 18.4. – 26.5.2013; Mila, Redjas, 1.6.2013. MOROCCO: Meknes, 16. – 17.7.1931; Tizi-n-Tichka, 2.7.1987; Kenitra, 30.4.1990; Amouguer, 50 km W Rich, 23.5.1995; Bhalil, 10 km NW Sefrou, 28.5.1995; Oujda, Jbel Mahseur, 26.5.1996; Oujda, Oued Oussera, 29.5.1996; Ifrane env., 17.5.2003; Volubilis, 2.5 km NW Moulay-Idriss, 2.6.2007. TUNISIA: Hammam-Liv, 22.5.1913; Tabarka, 4.7.1972; Zaghouan mountains, 1. – 2.6.1993; 10 km S Nefza, 18.4.2001.	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E00FFC445DCF97DFDACC59B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Northern Africa from Morocco to Tunisia.	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E00FFC445DCF97DFDACC59B.taxon	biology_ecology	Pollen hosts. Oligolectic on Carduoideae (Asteraceae) (based on 27 pollen samples from 11 different localities). Flower records: Centaurea acaulis, C. calcitrapa, C. nicaensis, C. solstitialis, Galactites tomentosa, Onopordum illyricum, O. macracanthum (label records). Nesting biology. Unknown.	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E01FFC445DCFE46FDC5C283.taxon	materials_examined	New records. BULGARIA: Sozopol, 22.6.1963, 6.7.1977; Slancev Brjag, 25.7.1968, 20.6.1971, 1. – 30.6.1972, 2.6. – 7.7.2008; Pisatel, 6.7.1976; Biser-Harmanli, 28.6.1978; Albena, 6.7.1978; Varna-Vinica, 11. – 21.7.1978; Ropotamo, 11.7.1979; Lozenec, 16.6.2008; 25 km NE Svilengrad, 20.6.2008. GREECE, Epirus: Preveza, 25.6.1997; Lesvos: Sigri, 31.5. – 2.6.2012; Vatousa, 4.6.2012; Peloponnes: Olympia, 4. – 11.7.1979, 4. – 6.6.1995, 27.5.1998; 17 km SW Kalavrita, 1.6.1993; Sparta, Amyklai, 19.5.1995; Avia, Kalamata, 9. – 10.6.1995, 26.6.1996; 5.5.2000; Diavolitsi, Karnasi, 12.6.1995; Ano Karnes (Likeos mountains), 17.6.1995; Chlemoutsi (Elis), 19.6.1995; Sparta, Menelaion, 5.6.1996; Hosiari, 8.6.1996; Samikon, 15.5.1997; Kotili (Likeos mountains), 21. – 22.6.1997, 17.6.1998; Mavromati, Ithome, 24.6.1997, 2.6.1998; Mistras, Parori, 10.7.1997; Kalogria (Achaia), 14. – 18.5.2000; Langada (Mani), 26.4.2001; 10 km W Korinthos, 5.6.2005; Skoutari (Mani), 26.5.2006; Kato Loussi, 8.7.2006. ISRAEL AND PALESTINE: Banyas, 26.5.1991; Mt. Tabor, 28.5.1991; Mt. Meron, 30.5.1991; 40 km NE Haifa, 1 km E Hurfeish, 15.5.1996; Mt. Carmel, 29.5.2000; Golan, 1 km NW Kefahr Hanasi, 23.5.2011; Golan, Lehavot HaBashan, 3.5.2013. JORDAN: North Shuna env., 29. – 30.4.1996; Ajlun, 1.5.2006. SYRIA: Apamea, 29.4.1995. TURKEY, Ankara: around Camlidere, 17.6.2006; Artvin: Yusufeli / Ishan, 20.5.1993; Aydin: between Kuyucak and Buharli, 28.5.2005; Bolu: Ciller, 20 km W Mudurnu; Hakkari: 10 km N Uludere, 4.6.1980; 10 km NE Oramar, 29.6.1985; 25 km E Gözeldere, 22.6.2010; Mersin: Kilik. Taurus, Namrun, 16.6. – 3.7.1979. Literature records. MACEDONIA: Ohrid, 7.6.1965 (Zanden, 1989).	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E01FFC445DCFE46FDC5C283.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southeastern Europe (Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia, southern Romania) to easternmost Turkey and southwards to the Levant (Syria, Jordan, Israel and Palestine).	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E01FFC445DCFE46FDC5C283.taxon	biology_ecology	Pollen hosts. Oligolectic on Carduoideae (Asteraceae) (based on 15 pollen samples from 13 different localities, the pollen content of three brood cells from the same nest and field observations; Tkalců, 1984); one pollen load contained pollen grains of the Anthemis type, suggesting that species of Asteroideae are occasionally exploited as pollen sources as well. Flower records: Carduus acanthoides, C. thoermeri, Onopordum tauricum (Tkalců, 1984); Silybum marianum, Centaurea spec. (personal observation). Nesting biology. Beetle burrows in dead wood (Figs. 1 – 3; Tkalců, 1984). The nests are closed with a thick plug of plant resin mixed with small pebbles (Fig. 3); resin is also used for the construction of the thin walls that separate the linearly arranged brood cells.	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E07FFC145DCF891FBA5C70E.taxon	discussion	Eleven species distributed in the Palaearctic and the Afrotropical regions (including Madagascar) with five and six species, respectively. Six Afrotropical species are still undescribed (Michener, 2007). The Palaearctic distribution range of Stenoheriades encompasses Morocco, southern Spain and Sicily, southeastern Europe to easternmost Turkey and southern Turkey to the Levant and the Arabian peninsula. Heriades integra Benoist, 1934, is treated as a member of the genus Stenoheriades by Griswold (1985, 1994) and Ungricht et al. (2008). Unfortunately, the male holotype originating from northernmost Morocco could not be located at the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Paris. However, the original description lists several characters, such as spined axilla, lack of a transverse carina between vertical and horizontal part of tergum 1 and rounded tergum 7, which exclude its membership in Stenoheriades. Instead, these characters solely apply to Osmia (Hoplosmia) scutellaris Morawitz, 1868, rendering the name Heriades integra syn. nov. a junior synonym of Osmia scutellaris. No morphological characters are known so far to differentiate between the males of S. asiatica, S. coelostoma and S. levantica, raising the question whether the male types of S. asiatica might be conspecific with S. coelostoma or S. levantica. As females of a Stenoheriades species have been collected near the type locality of S. asiatica (Nur mountains, Hatay province, Turkey; Friese, 1921), which neither belong to S. coelostoma nor S. levantica, the Stenoheriades species with mandibles of normal shape, a shallow impression at the clypeal margin and a basal tubercle on the labrum (see identification key) is most probably S. asiatica. This assumption is in line with the currently known distribution range of S. coelostoma and S. levantica, which is — compared with S. asiatica — more western and more southern, respectively (see species accounts). The clarification of the species identity of S. asiatica renders the information about the geographic range of S. asiatica given by Ungricht et al. (2008) erroneous: S. asiatica neither occurs in Europe nor in western Turkey but ranges from central to easternmost Turkey. The Stenoheriades species that is distributed in southeastern Europe and western Turkey is S. coelostoma, which has been erroneously synonymized with S. asiatica by Griswold (1994).	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E04FFC145DCF8C7FBF2C3C4.taxon	discussion	The species of this Palaearctic group are characterized by the presence of a subapical tuft of long bristles on the female labrum and the bidentate transverse preapical ridge of male tergum 6 (Fig. 15).	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E04FFC145DCFC7AFE34C0A0.taxon	discussion	The species of this group, which contains two southern African taxa beside S. eingeddica (Griswold, 1985, 1994), are characterized by the distinctly carinate preoccipital ridge, the carinate omaulus, a dorsal projection on the metapleuron, distinct interantennal carinae in the female (Fig. 8) and the denticulate transverse preapical ridge of male tergum 6 (Fig. 9).	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E04FFC145DCFB6DFA32C31D.taxon	materials_examined	New records. ISRAEL AND PALESTINE, Arava valley: Iddan, 26. – 27.4.1996, 8.5.1996, 9.4.2011; En Yahav, 15.4. – 4.5.2010; 2 km N En Yahav, 28.4.2010; Hazeva, 16.4.2011; Wadi Shahak, 11.4.2012; Judean Desert: En Zeelim, 5 km N Masada, 7.5.1996; Negev: 50 km SE Beer Sheva, Wadi En Aqrabbim, 8.5.1996. JORDAN: Zarga Main, 7.5.1995; Dead Sea env., 16.4.1996. YEMEN: Wadi Aniz SSW Sana, 7.10.2005; Hawf NE Albhaydah, 14.10.2005. Literature records. OMAN: Dhofar, Ayun Pools. 10.10.1977 (Griswold, 1994).	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E04FFC145DCFB6DFA32C31D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Desert areas of the Levant (Jordan, Israel and Palestine) and Arabian Peninsula (Oman, Yemen). Pollen hosts. Probably oligolectic on Asteroideae (Asteraceae) (based on 10 pollen samples from 5 different localities); all pollen loads examined consisted exclusively of pollen grains of the Aster type. Flower records: Atractylis carduus (Griswold, 1994); Anvillea garcinii, Pulicaria undulata (label records).	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E04FFC145DCFB6DFA32C31D.taxon	biology_ecology	Nesting biology. Several individuals were observed flying around dead Acacia wood in the Negev desert (C. Praz and C. Sedivy, personal communication), suggesting that insect burrows in dead wood are used as nesting site.	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E05FFC045DCFF24FDACC694.taxon	materials_examined	New records. SYRIA: N of Latakia, Slinfeh env., 7.6.1999. TURKEY, Adiyaman: Nemrut Dagi, Karadut, 2.7.1993; Karadut env., 50 km N Adiyaman, 1.6.2001; Hakkari: Uludere, 5.6.1977; 22 km S Beytüssebap, 2.6.1980; 10 km W Uludere, 4.6.1980; 19 km S Beytüssebap, 26.6.1985; Hatay: Bademli, 6 km W Hassa, 13.5.2002; Akcali, 35 km S Hakkari, 21.6.2010; Sanliurfa: Halfeti (Birecik), 31.5.1998; Siirt: 5 km E Eruh, 26.5.1983.	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E05FFC045DCFF24FDACC694.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Central to easternmost Turkey and southwards to northern Syria; westernmost records: Bademli (Hatay province, Turkey) and Latakia (Syria).	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E05FFC045DCFF24FDACC694.taxon	biology_ecology	Pollen hosts. Probably oligolectic on Asteroideae (Asteraceae) (based on 10 pollen loads from 6 different localities); all pollen loads examined consisted exclusively of pollen grains of the Anthemis type except for one load that additionally contained a small percentage of pollen grains of the Taraxacum type, suggesting that Cichorioideae might occasionally be exploited as pollen hosts as well. Nesting biology. Unknown.	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E05FFC045DCFD46FDACC38C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southeastern Europe (Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece) to central Turkey; easternmost record: Candirlar (Adana province, Turkey). Pollen hosts. Oligolectic on Asteroideae (Asteraceae) (based on 35 pollen loads from 15 different localities); all pollen loads examined consisted exclusively of pollen grains of the Anthemis type. Flower records: Anthemis arvensis (label record). Nesting biology. Unknown.	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E0AFFCF45DCFF24FC3CC3E8.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: ISRAEL AND PALESTINE: Mt. Carmel, Mitla, 300 m, 32 o 44 ’ 11 N 34 o 59 ’ 91 E, 17.4.2000, ♀ (leg. S. P. M. Roberts). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich. Paratypes: ISRAEL AND PALESTINE: Banyas, 26.5.1991, 2 ♀ (leg. K. Warncke); Tel Dan, 26.5.1991, ♀ (leg. K. Warncke); Mt. Meron, 30.5.1991, ♂ (leg. K. Warncke); Mt. Tabor, 580 m, 28.5.1991, 8 ♀, ♂ (leg. K. Warncke); Mt. Carmel, Mitla, 17.4.2000, ♂ (leg. S. P. M. Roberts); Judean Foothills, Park Britannia, 24.4.2011, ♀ (leg. T. Koznichki); Ramat haNadiv, 24.4.2012, ♀ (leg. T. Shapira); Nahal Ar’ar, 4.5.2012, ♂ (leg. G. Pisanty). JORDAN: North Shuna env., 29. – 30.4.1996, 7 ♀ (leg. M. Halada); NW of Ailun, 850 m, 20.5.2007, ♀ (leg. Z. Kejval). SYRIA: Ganawat, 16.5.1995, 3 ♀, 7 ♂ (leg. K. Denes). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich, the Oberösterreichische Landesmuseum Linz and the private collection of M. Schwarz (Ansfelden). Additional records. ISRAEL AND PALESTINE: Park Britannia, 12.3.2013, ♀ (leg. Y. Berner); Ya’ar Adulam, 3.4.2013, ♀ (leg. Y. Berner). Literature records. LEBANON: Djezzine, 2.6.1953 (Mavromoustakis, 1955, as S. coelostoma).	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E0AFFCF45DCFF24FC3CC3E8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The female of S. levantica is characterized by a median impression at the clypeal margin as are the females of the closely related S. asiatica and S. coelostoma. It differs from S. coelostoma by the two-teethed mandible with a straight upper margin (Fig. 12), and from both S. asiatica and S. coelostoma by the deep, well limited and regularly semicircular clypeal impression (Fig. 14) and the lack of a distinct triangular tubercle at the labral base (Fig. 14). The male of S. levantica is morphologically identical with the males of S. asiatica and S. coelostoma.	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E0AFFCF45DCFF24FC3CC3E8.taxon	description	Description: Second segment of labial palpus about three times as long as first segment. Preoccipital ridge carinate. Parapsidal line distinctly longer than half length of tegula. Basal zone of propodeum very short, medially about half as long as metanotum, longitudinally ridged and with distinct transverse carina along its posterior margin. Posterior surface of propodeum polished, without punctures except for lateral parts, which are rather densely punctured. Tibial spurs of hind leg yellowish to yellowish-white, nearly straight and regularly tapering towards acute apex. Declivous part of tergum 1 polished and almost devoid of punctures, distinctly separated from horizontal part by sharp and raised carina. FEMALE: Body length 5 – 7 mm. Mandible with two apical teeth and straight, uninterrupted upper margin (Fig. 12); its base with roundish to oval impression, well developed tubercle at its lower and weakly developed tubercle at its upper margin; basal half of mandibular inside without projections below cutting edge. Labrum extending beyond closed mandibles, basally flat or rarely with minute roundish tubercle (Fig. 14). Clypeus with medioapical impression, which is rather deep, well limited and of regular semicircular shape (Fig. 14); clypeal impression medially with longitudinal carina, which is continuous to developed only basally. Maximal width of genal area about as wide as compound eye. Apical margin of terga 1 – 4 with uninterrupted whitish hair bands; apical hair band on tergum 5 only weakly developed. Scopa yellowish-white. MALE: Body length 5 – 7 mm. Antennal segments 3 – 4 shorter than wide. Base of mandible with roundish impression. Labrum basally with distinct tubercle of oval to triangular shape. Clypeus medioapically slightly emarginated. Maximal width of genal area about 0.6 x as wide as compound eye. Hypostomal area covered with dense whitish pilosity, which increases in length towards the occiput. Apical margins of terga 1 – 5 each with sparse whitish hair band. Tergum 6 with distinct lateral flaps; its transverse preapical ridge with two median teeth separated from each other by roundish incision (Fig. 15). Tergum 7 bifid (Fig. 15). Sternum 1 strongly bulged. Hair fringe at apical margin of sternum 4 more than half as long as hair fringe at apical margin of sternum 3. Sternum 5 with triangular incision; its lateral lobes apically with fringe of short bristles at inner edge. Sternum 6 medially with deep depression of oval shape, which bears two short rows of minute and stiff bristles at its posterior end. Apex of gonoforceps slightly bent inwards.	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E0AFFCF45DCFF24FC3CC3E8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Levant (southern Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and Palestine).	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E0AFFCF45DCFF24FC3CC3E8.taxon	biology_ecology	Pollen hosts. Oligolectic on Asteroideae (Asteraceae) (based on 24 pollen loads from 12 different localities); all pollen loads examined consisted exclusively of pollen grains of the Anthemis type except for one load that contained pollen of the Aster type. Flower records: yellow Asteraceae flowers (Mavromoustakis, 1955). Nesting biology. Unknown.	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E0AFFCF45DCFF24FC3CC3E8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. levanticus = referring to the Levant, the geographic area encompassing the eastern Mediterranean region that ranges from southernmost Turkey to the Sinai peninsula.	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E0BFFCE45DCFA5CFC5BC3BE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southernmost Europe (southern Spain, Sicily) and northern Africa (Morocco).	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
5F14F56C5E0BFFCE45DCFA5CFC5BC3BE.taxon	biology_ecology	Pollen hosts. The only three pollen loads available so far (from three localities) contained pollen of Cichorioideae (Asteraceae). Flower records: Sonchus, Calendula stellata (label records). Nesting biology. Several females and males were observed at a wooden phone post in Morocco (Benoist, 1928 b), suggesting that insect burrows in dead wood are used as nesting site.	en	Müller, Andreas, Trunz, Vincent (2014): Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765 (2): 175-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5
