taxonID	type	description	language	source
5F1587FEFFE2A02EFEED9460FE303EC0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Site 11: one specimen, in squash preparation, stored on CD-ROM: 2003.6.6.1. Geographical distribution. N Atlantic: Iceland (Eyjafjördur); Norwegian Sea: Norway (TrØmsØ, HaakØy, Ramfjord, Trondheimfjord); Skagerrak: Norway (Oslofjord: DrØbak, Degerud), Sweden (Gullmarfjord); Irish Sea: Isle of Man (Port Erin), North Channel (Firth of Clyde: Millport, Loch Striven); North Sea: German Bight (Helgoland), Baltic Sea: Gulf of Finland (Tvaerminne); Mediterranean Sea: Adriatic Sea (Croatia: Dubrovnik) (Riedl 1956; Dörjes 1968 a; Karling 1974; Dörjes and Karling 1975). Remarks Dörjes (1968 a) described Pelophila caυernosa from the sublittoral area around the Island of Helgoland (North Sea). This species has the status of the type species of the genus Pelophila Dörjes, 1968, Childiidae, mainly based on a penis being sclerotized. Karling (1974) synonymized P. caυernosa with Praeaphanostoma lutheri (Westblad 1946) now naming the species Pelophila lutheri (Westblad 1946). Re-investigation of Pelophila lutheri proves that there is not a sclerotized penis but a cirrus invaginated into a muscle bulb. The male copulatory bulb is of duplex type with a cirrus internus entered distally by extrabulbous prostatoid glands. Based on that character Pelophila lutheri is a member of the family Convolutidae. Based on the characters given by Dörjes, the remaining species Pelophila pachymorpha Dörjes, 1968 is furthermore a member of the family Childiidae Dörjes, 1968. The genus name, however, has to be emended to Pelochildia gen. nov. Pelochildia pachymorpha now achieves the status of the type species. The diagnosis given by Dörjes (1968 a) is maintained. The diagnosis of Pelophila Dörjes, 1968 is emended as follows: With frontal organ. Genital openings separate. Male copulatory bulb of duplex type with cirrus internus. With bilateral testes and ovaries. Seminal bursa with anterior cellular insemination apparatuses (‘ Matrixhörner’ after Westblad 1946) and invaginated spermiducal duct directed caudad.	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFE1A02EFE2F9713FCFC3C74.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Sites 1, 2 a, 2 b, 3: several specimens, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. North Sea: German Bight (Helgoland), North Frisian Islands (Amrum, Jordsand, Sylt); Skagerrak (Gullmarfjord: Fiskebäckskil) (Dörjes 1968 a, 1968 b; Faubel 1974 a, 1976 a, 1977; Dörjes and Karling 1975).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFE1A02EFED2949FFE5C3DE8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Sites 1, 3: several specimens, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. North Sea: German Bight (Helgoland), North Frisian Islands (Amrum, Jordsand, RØmØ, Sylt) (Dörjes 1968 a, 1968 b; Faubel 1974 a, 1976 a, 1977; Wellner and Reise 1989).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFE1A02FFE2F93B0FC0A3E80.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Sites 1, 3: several specimens, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. North Sea: North Frisian Islands (Amrum, Jordsand, Sylt) (Faubel 1974 a, 1976 a, 1977). Family SAGITTIFERIDAE Kostenko and Mamkaev, 1990	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFE0A020FF679696FC403D1B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Voucher specimens: No. 48079, transversely sectioned specimen, locality: Plymouth Sound, deposited in Swedish Museum of Natural History (SMNH), Stockholm; Nos 48080 - 81 (SSP), same data. Sites 10, 11: abundant, in squash preparation, stored on CD-ROM: 2003.6.6.2. Geographical distribution. Mediterranean Sea: Gulf of Lion (Étang de Lapalme, Étang de Salses), Ligurian Sea (Villefranche sur mer), Tyrrhenian Sea (Gulf of Naples), Adriatic Sea (Gulf of Trieste: Punta Salvore, Meleda (Lago Grande )); Croatia: Rovinj; Italy: Ancona, Lesina), Sea of Marmara, Black Sea (Crimea: Sevastopol); English Channel: Plymouth Sound; NW Pacific: Japan (?) (v. Graff 1905; Steinböck 1933 b; Okugawa 1953 (?); Ax 1956 b, 1959). Remarks	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFE0A020FF679696FC403D1B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Sites 1, 4: abundant, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. North Sea: North Frisian Islands (Sylt, RØmØ), German Bight (Helgoland) (Dörjes 1968 a, 1968 b; Faubel 1974 a, 1976 a, 1977). Remarks Haplogonaria syltensis is known from habitats of sand mixed with shells in 8 m water depth (Helgoland), and of pure sand in eulittoral and sublittoral areas of the islands of Sylt and RØmØ. The latter eulittoral habitats are comparable to the localities at St Martin’s. Morphological differences, however, could be observed between the populations of the North Sea areas and populations of St Martin’s in the development of rhabdoids. The North Sea populations have weak rhabdoids. Often, the existence of rhabdoids was not easy to ascertain when squashed under a cover glass. On the contrary, the rhabdoids of the St Martin’s populations were very clear to discern and, moreover, the rhabdoids were more abundantly distributed over the body surface. All the other morphological characters looked identical, as well as the greenish-tinged central digestive tissue.	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFEFA020FE22954EFC063A44.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Sites 1, 2 a, 3: few specimens, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. North Sea: German Bight (Helgoland), North Frisian Islands (Amrum, RØmØ, Sylt) (Dörjes 1968 a, 1968 b; Faubel 1974 a, 1976 a, 1977).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFEFA022FE2F92A1FF1A3A45.taxon	description	(Figure 1) Material examined	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFEFA022FE2F92A1FF1A3A45.taxon	materials_examined	HOLOTYPE: Site 2 b: one specimen, in squash preparation, within tubes of Arenicola marina L., stored on CD-ROM: 2003.5.22.6. Etymology The specific name refers to the occurrence of the species in tubes of Arenicola marina L. Description Length of body of sexually mature specimen up to 1.2 mm; maximum width anterior to mid-body (Figure 1); posterior body-third tapering to a pointed end. In transmitted light marginal parts of body yellowish grey; digestive parenchyme strongly granulated contrasting dark grey. Frontal organ present; from frontal tip of body prominent coiling glandular ducts run caudad, the glands of which lie postero-lateral of the statocyst. Statocyst 130 M m distant from frontal tip. Rhabdoids and eyes absent. Mouth opening at the transition from first to second body-fourth. Reproductiυe system. Bilateral testes ventral at transition from second to third body-fourth. Single ovary anterior to mid-body. Maturing oogonia are successively displaced caudad into bilateral rows. The seminal vesicle enters the male atrium proximally via a very short duct. At the beginning of the last body-fourth, the male atrium opens to the exterior (about 290 M m from hind end). Seminal bursa anterior to the male copulatory organ; any insemination apparatuses absent. Genital pores separate. Discussion Haplogonaria arenicolae was found only once and could only be observed in squash preparation. Therefore, serial sections or whole mounts could not be prepared. The morphological structures were stored on a CD-ROM on which the following description of the morphology of H. arenicolae is based. Up to now the genus Haplogonaria contains 13 valid species and a species nomen nudum, Haplogonaria sp. 1 Yamasu and Okazaki, 1987. The present species is a valid member of the genus Haplogonaria based on the characters of a single ovary, seminal bursa without any insemination apparatuses and lack of a penis or cirrus. With respect to the structure of the seminal bursa, without insemination apparatuses, and absence of rhabdoids, H. arenicolae closely resembles H. elegans Faubel, 1976. The most conspicuous characters of H. arenicolae are the single ovary, generating germ cells which are displaced successively into bilateral rows of oogonia maturing to oocytes, separate gonopores and the much larger body (cf. Faubel 1976 b). Both the species H. elegans and H. arenicolae preferentially inhabit the deeper layers of oxic sediments, particularly in the oxidized layers of tubes of Arenicola marina L.	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFEDA022FEDF9280FE0138B4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Site 2 b: few specimens, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. North Sea: North Frisian Islands (Amrum, RØmØ, Sylt) (Dörjes 1968 a, 1968 b; Faubel 1974 a, 1976 a, 1977). Remarks The rhabdoids of the St Martin’s’ population are not so distinct as the rhabdoids from the population of the Island of Sylt.	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFECA023FE27959EFBC93A57.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Sites 4, 7: two specimens, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. North Sea: German Bight (Helgoland) (Dörjes 1968 b).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFECA023FE2B9445FC5D3D4D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Sites 1, 3, 4: abundant, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. North Sea: German Bight (Helgoland), North Frisian Islands (Amrum, Sylt) (Dörjes 1968 a, 1968 b; Faubel 1974 a, 1976 a, 1977).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFECA023FE3896B7FE273C62.taxon	discussion	Remarks Hooge (2001) revised the family Childiidae Dörjes, 1968, which is now characterized by the new diagnostic character, the presence of a reversed body wall musculature, i. e. with outer longitudinal muscles and inner circular muscles (Childia v. Graff, 1911 and Paraphanostoma Westblad, 1942). All the other genera of the former Childiidae have been transferred to the new family Actinoposthiidae Hooge, 2001. We prefer to use the diagnosis given by Dörjes (1968 a) because we have some evidence (Faubel unpublished) that a partial or total reversal of the body wall musculature is also present in species of other families, and in particular in Haplogonaria syltensis Dörjes, 1968 and Actinoposthia biaculeata Faubel, 1974. This reversal probably depends on the degree of exposure of the habitats where the species are living.	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFECA024FECA93E7FCBD3EC1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Site 7: one specimen, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. Skagerrak: Gullmarfjord (Bondhålet near Blåbergsholmen); North Sea: East Frisian Islands (Juist); Mediterranean Sea: Gulf of Lion (Étang de Salses) (Ax 1956 b; Dörjes 1968 a; Dörjes and Karling 1975).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFECA023FEF59290FBC93BA2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Sites 3, 4: few specimens, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. North Sea: German Bight (Helgoland) (Dörjes 1968 b).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFEBA024FEF39707FE893D4D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Site 1: two specimens, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. Baltic Sea: Gulf of Finland (Tvaerminne area), Greifswalder Bodden, Kiel Bight, Nord-Ostsee Kanal; North Sea: German Bight (estuaries of rivers Weser, Elbe), North Frisian Islands (RØmØ, Sylt), England (Tynemouth); English Channel: England (Yealm estuary); Mediterranean Sea: Gulf of Lion (Étangs), Sea of Marmara, Black Sea; Europe: Germany (Lower Saxonia: salt-lake in Harz mountains, Elbe river) (v. Graff 1905; Meixner 1938; Westblad 1946; Ax 1956 b, 1959; Luther 1960; Dörjes 1968 a, 1968 b; Karling 1974; Dörjes and Karling 1975; Den Hartog 1977; Faubel 1977; Düren and Ax 1993).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFEBA024FEF495FBFCD838B4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Site 1: several specimens, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. North Sea: North Frisian Islands (Amrum, Jordsand, Sylt) (Dörjes 1968 b; Faubel 1974 a, 1976 a, 1977). Remarks	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFEAA025FF5F96B7FC223CF4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Sites 1, 3: abundant, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. North Sea: North Frisian Islands (Sylt) (Faubel 1976 a, 1977). Remarks From the type locality of the Island of Sylt, specimens attain maximum length of 1.4 mm when they reach the status of senility after the reproduction period. In comparison, specimens of the population of the Isles of Scilly attained lengths of more than 2.0 mm. The colour of the body became very dirty grey, suffering loss of transparency. Family SOLENOFILOMORPHIDAE Dörjes, 1968	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFEAA025FE159215FDC038B4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Sites 1, 11, 15: several specimens, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. NE Atlantic: Iceland (Isafjördur); Norwegian Sea: Norway (TromsØ); North Sea: Norway (Herdla off Bergen, Sartor Oe), North Frisian Islands (Sylt); Skagerrak: Gullmarfjord; Baltic Sea: Kieler Bucht; Mediterranean Sea: Gulf of Lion, Tyrrhenian Sea, Adriatic Sea (Trieste), Sea of Marmara, Black Sea (Claparede 1861; Böhmig 1889; v. Graff 1913; Meixner 1938; Steinböck 1938; Riedl 1956, 1959 a; Ax 1959; Faubel 1974 b, 1976 a, 1977). Remarks The determination of Microstomum papillosum could be very erroneous if the specimens had not reached full male maturity. In pre-mature specimens the stylet lacks the distal hook-like bend and, therefore, the species could be mistaken for Microstomum septentrionale Sabussow, 1899 (cf. Faubel 1974 b).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFEAA025FEE594DCFB7A3DB7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Sites 2 b, 3: few specimens, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. North Sea: North Frisian Islands (Sylt) (Faubel 1976 a, 1977).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFE9A026FE2B96B0FC3D3D20.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Site 15: two specimens, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. NW Atlantic: Davis Strait (Greenland: Disko Bay); NE Atlantic: Iceland (Isafjördur); North Sea: North Frisian Islands (Sylt), Norway (Herdla off Bergen); Skagerrak: Gullmarfjord (v. Graff 1913; Steinböck 1933 a, 1938; Westblad 1953; Faubel 1974 b, 1976 a, 1977). Remarks The specimens collected, like the population of the Island of Sylt, did not possess rhabdites. Riedel (1932) and Westblad (1953), however, discerned rhabdites in their material collected from Disko Bay and Gullmarfjord, respectively (cf. Faubel 1974 b). Family MACROSTOMIDAE Van Beneden, 1870	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFE9A038FE079536FCA43AF8.taxon	description	(Figure 2) Material examined	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFE9A038FE079536FCA43AF8.taxon	materials_examined	HOLOTYPE: Site 7: one specimen, in squash preparation stored on CD-ROM: 2003.5.22.2; WM 2003.5.22.2. Etymology Species name derived from its sublittoral habitat. Description Length of body of living sexually mature specimen up to 2.54 mm, when squashed under a cover glass; maximum width in mid-body, area of oocyte (Figure 2). Outline of body with characteristic macrostomid-like anterior end; posterior end rounded with several prominent adhesive glands (Figure 2 A). Around margin few, very weak sensory hairs of varying length and stiffness present. In transmitted light body greyish translucent with yellowish brown intestine. Frontal glands present reaching anterior level of brain. Glandular ducts open at the frontal tip separately. Lateral to the pores of the glandular ducts, fields with dark granulations of unknown function. Very small eyes present, 270 M m from anterior margin of the body; distance between eyes 306 M m. Anterior margin of crescentic brain 207 M m distant from anterior end. Rhabdites with bundles of three to six rods distributed over the dorsal and ventral body surface. Digestive system with pharynx simplex pierced by extrapharyngeal glands. The intestine fills the median parts between testis and ovary and extends caudad over oocytes, ending up laterally at the level of the male system. Mouth behind brain, 390 M m distant from anterior end. Male and female pore 465 M m distant from each other. Reproductiυe system (Figure 2). The male system is typically macrostomid-like. It consists of ventro-lateral testes, vasa deferentia running caudad lateral of the intestine, a seminal vesicle, a reduced prostatic vesicle and a male stylet which projects into the male gonopore. Prostatic glands surround the proximal part of the stylet, the ampulla-like distal ducts of which are encased by the proximal enlargement of the stylet (Figure 2 C) representing the reduced prostatic vesicle. An intravesicular duct joins the prostate part and the seminal vesicle. The measurements of the stylet (m. HT) depicted in Figure 2 B are a. 90 (Ferguson 1940: Figure 27: angle a of flexure) and STw 545 M m and STL 5105 M m (Gehlen and Lochs 1990: Figure 2). The distal opening is subterminal on the convex side of the distal bent part. The female system could be incomplete in that only the bilateral ovary and the female pore could be discerned. The female pore is surrounded by cement glands. A seminal bursa, not clearly discernible, probably lies immediately caudal close to the oocyte. Discussion Within the Macrostomidae the penis stylet has been recognized among others as a main diagnostic feature. Most of the stylets of the Macrostomidae are bent or flexed. The methods of measurement of the stylets, however, have not always been consistent, and in several cases the validity of a species is often not easy to decide although the stylet is known. Based only on the outline of the stylet, Archimacrostomum sublitorale sp. nov. belongs to the Macrostomum hystricinum group (Beklemishev 1951) having flexed stylets (see Rieger 1977: 212 – 213). However, that group proves not to be a phylogenetic unit. The M. hystricinum group represents an accumulation of different forms distributed in freshwater, brackish and marine water habitats. Type of the M. hystricinum group is M. hystricinum hystricinum Beklemishev, 1951 distributed in freshwater habitats of the palaearctic, near east, oriental and nearctic regions. In 1954, Ferguson established the genus Archimacrostomum for all species having a reduced prostatic vesicle encased by the proximal enlargement of the stylet. Consequently, the species Macrostomum beaufortensis Ferguson, 1937, M. hustedi Jones, 1944, and M. pusillum Ax, 1951, M. rubrocinctum Ax, 1951, M. brasiliense Marcus, 1952 and M. peteraxi Mack-Fira, 1971 had to be transferred to Archimacrostomum Ferguson, 1954. Uncertainty of membership to Archimacrostomum remains for M. hystricinum marinum Rieger, 1977 because Rieger presents no information as to whether the prostatic vesicle is free or reduced. Because of the reduced prostatic vesicle, the new species Archimacrostomum sublitorale represents a member of this genus. All archimacrostomid species live in the marine environment. Rieger (1977: Figure 3) illustrated stylets of different marine populations from Italy (Fiascherino, area near La Spezia, and Venice) and Croatia (Dubrovnik) with outlines comparable to the stylet of Archimacrostomum sublitorale. But because information was not given on the anatomy, in particular of the male system, of the individual populations, an affiliation is impossible to any species or genus. In comparison with the species of the genus Archimacrostomum, A. sublitorale stands out through its general body magnitude and stylet measurements.	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFF7A03AFE439314FC283BA7.taxon	description	(Figure 3) Material examined	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFF7A03AFE439314FC283BA7.taxon	materials_examined	HOLOTYPE: Sites 2 a, 2 b: two specimens, in squash preparation, stored on CD-ROM: 2003.5.22.3; WM: 2003.5.22.3. Etymology The specific epithet refers to the Isles of Scilly where it was found. Description Length of body of living sexually mature specimen up to 2.1 mm, when squashed under a cover glass (Figure 3). Outline, colour, arrangement of rhabdites and rhammites, and posterior adhesive papillae of the body correspond to the descriptions of the phena of Bradynectes sterreri given by Rieger (1971) and Faubel (1974 b). Eyes, tactile cilia and adhesive glands along the lateral sides and head are absent. Pharynx, pharyngeal glands and gut disposed as in the phena described by Rieger (1971), Faubel (1974 b) and Martens and Schockaert (1981). Reproductiυe system. The single testis extends from the posterior part of the first body-half caudad and turns via a short vas deferens (80 M m long) into the seminal vesicle. Distally and proximally to the seminal vesicle, strong sphincters are present. The intervesicular duct enters the prostatic vesicle from behind. The distal part of the prostatic vesicle is encased in the proximal part of the stylet. The dimensions of the stylet of M. scilliensis (Figure 3 B) are as follows (m. HT): convex side 543 M m, concave side 550.5 M m, length of distal oval opening 531.5 M m, diameter of proximal opening 31 M m, longitudinal axis (Figure 3 C: dashed line a) 556 M m. The longitudinal axis of the Sylt form is 43 M m. Discussion Rieger (1971) discerned three different subspecies of Bradynectes sterreri according to the place of collection: Kristineberg form, Carolina form and Robin Hood’s Bay form. Faubel (1974 b) added a fourth form, the Sylt form. From the Scheldt estuary Martens and Schockaert (1981) discerned a fifth form, the Scheldt form. Both latter forms differ distinctly from the forms discerned by Rieger (1971) based on stylet shape and location of ovary between testis and intestine. Because of the constant location of the ovary between testis and gut, the forms of Faubel (1974 b) and Martens and Schockaert (1981) represent true species: Bradynectes syltensis Faubel, 1974 and Bradynectes scheldtensis Martens and Schockert, 1981. Bradynectes scheldtensis differs essentially from B. syltensis through the absence of a sphincter around the vas deferens and the shape and dimensions of the stylet. Bradynectes scilliensis found in a rockpool at White Island is identical with B. syltensis with regard to the presence of sphincters around the vas deferens. In B. syltensis, the seminal vesicle has only a proximal spincter but the seminal vesicle of B. scilliensis is provided with a proximal and distal spincter. The male stylet (Figure 3 C) resembles that of B. syltensis, but with essential differences in shape and dimensions. Measurements of the length of the axis of the other forms were not given by the authors.	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFF5A03CFE1D938BFD203B53.taxon	description	(Figure 4) Material examined	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFF5A03CFE1D938BFD203B53.taxon	materials_examined	HOLOTYPE: Site 3: few specimens, in squash preparation, stored on CD-ROM: 2003.5.22.1, WM: 2003.5.22.1. Etymology The specific epithet refers to the Isles of Scilly where it was found. Description Length of body of living sexually mature specimen up to 2.9 mm, when squashed under a cover glass. Body ends rounded but rear body end somewhat pointed. Colour greyish with darkly contrasting gut and ovary. Intestine taking on yellowish brown coloration when diatoms ingested. Eyes, rhabdites, adhesive glands and tactile cilia absent around margin of body. Rhammite tracks running from anterior tip of body to the level of pharynx bilaterally. The species feeds on small nematodes, nauplii of harpacticoids, diatoms and detritus particles. Reproductiυe system. Single testis and ovary on the left side of body. Testis anterior to ovary. Seminal vesicle small, joined via a short intervesicular duct with the oval prostatic vesicle (198 M m long). Male stylet apparatus (Figure 4 B, C) consisting of penis stylet and glandular stylet. Penis stylet (m. HT) 172 M m long, the twisted proximal part of which is 85 M m long and distal straight tube 87 M m long; the glandular stylet is 182 M m long (m. HT). The glandular stylet is joined with a single accessory gland; the penis stylet joins the 198 M m long prostatic vesicle. The bursal sclerotized organ (Figure 4 B, C) consists of a midpiece (42 M m long, m. HT) and a mouthpiece (56 M m long, m. HT). The midpiece looks like a clog; the mouthpiece bears distally a disc-shaped terminal thickening (Figure 4 C). Sperm tubes absent. A pyriform vesicle containing sperm opens into the proximal part of the mouthpiece. Discussion To date the genus Paromalostomum contains nine valid species. With the exception of P. subflaυum Sopott-Ehlers and Schmidt, 1974, all of them have been recorded from the North Atlantic and its marginal seas. Based on the sclerotized elements of the male organs (penis stylet, glandular tube) and female organs (mouth piece, midpiece), P. scilliensis proves to be a member of the genus Paromalostomum Meixner in Ax, 1951. According to the arrangement of details of the sclerotized elements, P. scilliensis displays closer relationships to P. dubium (de Beauchamp 1927). Main differences from P. dubium are the absence of sperm tubes, much longer mouthpiece and diverging construction of the clog-shaped midpiece. With respect to the penial stylets, differences lie mainly in the greater length of the stylets of P. scilliensis. The male stylet looks more or less identical with that of P. dubium but the glandular tube is S-shaped (Figure 4 B). In contrast to P. dubium, P. scilliensis lacks rhabdites, tactile cilia at anterior and posterior body end, and the characteristic adhesive glands at the rear body end.	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFF3A03DFE1093C7FB7B3EC1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Site 3: one specimen in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. North Sea: North Frisian Islands (Sylt), Norway (Korsfjorden, Håkonsund, Bondisholmen), Netherlands (Scheldt estuary: Oosterschelde); Baltic Sea: Kiel Bight (Karling 1965; Pawlak 1969; Faubel 1974 b; Martens and Schockaert 1981).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFF2A03DFE0397BBFDC63A1B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Site 8: one specimen in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. NE Atlantic: Ireland, Orkneys, Shetlands; Outer Hebrides; Irish Sea: Ireland, Isle of Man, England (Wales); North Channel: Belfast Bay; Celtic Sea: Ireland; English Channel: England (Plymouth Sound, Guernsey), France (Brittany); North Sea; Skagerrak: Sweden (Gullmarfjord, Marstranfjord), Norway (Oslofjord); Kattegat: Denmark (Århus Bugt); White Sea; Mediterranean Sea: Morocco; Tyrrhenian Sea; Black Sea; Adriatic Sea: Gulf of Trieste; Levantian Sea: Egypt (Port Said); Red Sea: Ethiopia (Tor) (Lang 1884; Gamble 1893; Hallez 1893; Micoletzky 1910; Bock 1913; Southern 1936; Prudhoe 1982; Faubel 1983).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFF2A03FFECF92DDFD5E3FA1.taxon	description	(Figure 5)	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFF2A03FFECF92DDFD5E3FA1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Voucher specimen: site 6, one specimen; site 17: L. A. Harvey and P. C. Chapman, unpublished. Geographical distribution. NE Atlantic: Ireland (Co. Mayo: Clew Bay, Westport Channel, Blacksod Bay, Co. Galway: Ballynakill Harbour, Co. Kerry: Valentia Harbour); Irish Sea: Ireland (Co. Down (Strangford Lough), Co. Dublin (Dalkey Sound )); Celtic Sea: Ireland (Co. Cork: Lough Hyne), Bristol Channel (South Wales); English Channel: England (Yealm River, Falmouth, Kingsbridge Estuary: Salcombe, Plymouth Sound, Dorset: Lundy Island, Channel Islands), France (Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue, Concarneau); North Sea: Norway (Bergen, FlorØ); Skagerrak: Norway (Brederigen, Mandal), Sweden (Gullmarfjord, Bohuslän, Gasö, Löken); Mediterranean Sea: Gulf of Naples (Lang 1884; Gamble 1900; Bock 1913; Prudhoe 1982; Faubel 1984). Remarks The most comprehensive description of Prostheceraeus υittatus was made by Lang (1884). Later on, more valuable data were given by Bock (1913) and Prudhoe (1985) on the morphology, anatomy and the geographical distribution. The discovery of P. υittatus at site 6 on the Isles of Scilly offers the opportunity to study the anatomical structures again. This re-investigation reveals some new aspects to the anatomy of the species. Eyes are present as follows: cerebral eye clusters arranged in two elongate rows dorsal of the brain, tentacular eyes being less numerous almost exclusively distributed at the tentacular basis and the tentacles in between, and ventral eye clusters abundantly arranged halfway between anterior tip and brain. The relatively short plicate cylindrical pharynx, orientated horizontally in the pharyngeal cavity, is bell-shaped, i. e. the pharynx becomes wider distad. The reproductive apparatus matches that of P. albocinctus Lang, 1884 as presented by Prudhoe (1985: 142, Figure 129 B). It is very obvious that the reproductive system of the species of Euryleptidae look anatomically very similar. The same is known for the species of Pseudocerotidae. The male atrium of Prostheceraeus υittatus is strongly provided with muscles and is subdivided into a ciliated outer and inner cavity. The inner one houses the ejaculatory duct which is distally armed with a pointed stylet. The distally tapering stylet is 135 M m long and 74 M m in diameter at its base (m. VS) (Figure 5). At a distance of 72 M m (m. VS) proximad from the base of the stylet, the prostatic duct branches off from the ejaculatory duct. The prostatic vesicle is enclosed in a 12 M m (m. VS) thick muscle wall. The glandular inner lining is smooth; the maximum thickness 76 M m (m. VS). The longitudinal axis is 530 M m (m. VS). Extravesicular glands are not present. The measurements were made from serial sections.	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFF0A03FFEA397FCFB6C3DB6.taxon	materials_examined	Material Site 16, see Smith and Gault (1983). Geographical distribution. Mediterranean Sea: Tyrrhenian Sea (Gulf of Naples); NE Atlantic: Ireland (Co. Donegal: Lough Swilly, Co. Mayo: Clew Bay, Co. Kerry: Valentia Harbour); Irish Sea: Ireland (Co. Wexford: east of Coninbeg), North Channel (Firth of Clyde); English Channel: England (Plymouth Sound, Yealm River estuary, Channel Islands), France (St Malo); Skagerrak: Swedish west coast; CE Atlantic: Cape Verde Islands (Gamble 1893; Lang 1894; Steinböck 1933 a; Hendelberg 1974; Prudhoe 1982).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFF0A031FEF195E4FD0A3F01.taxon	description	(Figure 6)	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFF0A031FEF195E4FD0A3F01.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Voucher specimen: site 8, one specimen, sagittally sectioned series of a sexually immature specimen. Same specimen in live observation stored on CD-ROM: 2003.6.6.4. Geographical distribution. Arctic Ocean: Norway (Spitzbergen: Eisfjord); North Sea: Scotland (Firth of Forth: St Andrews); Skagerrak: Norway (Oslofjord: Hallangspollen), Sweden (Gullmarfjord, Halse Fjord); English Channel: England (Plymouth Sound, Falmouth); Irish Sea: Isle of Man (Port Erin), Ireland (Co. Dublin: Malahide shore); NE Atlantic: Ireland (Co. Donegal: Lough Swilly, Co. Mayo: Clew Bay, Co. Galway, Co. Kerry: Valentia Harbour); SE Atlantic: South Africa (Cape Town); SW Atlantic: Falkland Islands (Port William, Berkeley Sund), Tierra del Fuego (Cape Virgenes, Ushuaia); Mediterranean Sea: Tyrrhenian Sea: Gulf of Naples; Adriatic Sea: Gulf of Trieste (Lang 1884; Plehn 1896; Micoletzky 1910; Bock 1913; Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1957; Faubel 1984). Description Length of body 3.4 mm, width 1.4 mm; terminal ends broadly rounded, tapering slightly anteriorly, with smooth dorsal surface (Figure 6). Colour yellowish white in incident light; in transmitted light, margins transparent but central body dark yellowish brown when gut diverticula full of food. Marginal tentacles less prominent forming mere blunt projections of the margin, with eye clusters at their base (8 – 10) and a few eyes (four) in between. Cerebral eyes in bilateral clusters above brain, each with 9 – 11 eyes (Figure 6). Two characteristic pairs of eyes at the posterior margin of brain. Cylindrical pharynx immediately behind brain; intestinal trunk extending from proximal pharynx to hind end with nine pairs of intestinal lateral branches; frontal median branch of intestine extends dorsally of the pharynx to the anterior end (not drawn in Figure 6). Sucker in mid-body. Specimen not sexually mature. Remarks To date five valid species of the genus Stylostomum are known. Of these only Stylostomum ellipse is known from European Seas. All the other species were recorded from the Southern Ocean (Iles de Kerguelen: S. frigidium Bock, 1931) and Pacific Ocean. S. ellipse is obviously highly variable in colour depending on uptake of food. That variability led Lang (1884) to describe S. υariabilis as a synonym of S. ellipse. The characteristic determination features of S. ellipse are the frontal branch of the intestine, the typical arrangement of eyes, especially the two characteristic pairs of eyes at the posterior margin of the brain (Lang 1884), and the tentacles formed as blunt marginal projections. In these characters the juvenile polyclad specimen recorded at site 8 agrees well with S. ellipse.	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFFEA031FE149257FC743B9C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Site 11: one specimen; in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. NW Atlantic: Davis Strait (Greenland); Faroe Islands, Ireland, English Channel: France (Concarneau); North Sea: Norway (Herdla), Skagerrak: Sweden; Mediterranean Sea: Adriatic Sea (Gulf of Trieste), Black Sea (v. Graff 1913; Steinböck 1933 b; An Der Lan 1936; Karling 1940; Westblad 1954, 1956).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFFEA031FE019799FDF93A0A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Voucher specimen: sites 7, 9, 10, 12: several specimens, in squash preparation; sagittally sectioned series of a sexually immature specimen. Geographical distribution. NE Atlantic: Faroe Islands, Ireland (Co. Kerry: Valentia); North Sea: Norway (Bergen), German Bight (Helgoland); Skagerrak: Sweden (Gullmarfjord); English Channel: England (Plymouth Sound, Yealm estuary); Strait of Dover: France (Côte Boulonnaise: Wimereux); Irish Sea: Isle of Man (Port Erin), North Channel (Firth of Clyde); Mediterranean Sea: France (Villefranche sur mer), Tyrrhenian Sea: Gulf of Naples, Strait of Messina: Sicily (Messina); Adriatic Sea: Italy (Ancona, Lesina, Parenzo, Gulf of Trieste), Croatia (Rovinj) (v. Graff 1913; Jameson 1897; Steinböck 1933 b; Southern 1936; Westblad 1956).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFFEA032FE1993C1FCCC3C1F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Site 13: one specimen, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. Skagerrak: Sweden (Gullmarfjord: Blåbergsholmen), Norway (Oslofjord: DrØbak); English Channel: England (Plymouth: Cawsand Bay); Mediterranean Sea: Adriatic Sea (Croatia: Rovinj) (Westblad 1956). Remarks Differences from the description of Westblad (1956) include the dark brown pigment streaks, eyes, pharynx and seminal vesicle. In the specimen recorded from the Isles of Scilly, the pigment streaks are not very distinct and mainly developed in the area of the brain and pharynx. Only a very weak streak is seen extending backwards. There are two eye spots at each side but very close to each other simulating a single one. The pharynx does not contrast very distinctly from the surrounding tissue. In the male system the seminal vesicle is much more developed than reported by Westblad. It takes up almost the whole part of the second body-third, being frontal of the male penis sack.	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFFDA033FEE792FDFB8D3C1E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Sites 7, 10: two specimens, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. NW Atlantic: USA (Maine: Casco Bay), Canada (New Brunswick: Passamaquoddy Bay, St Andrews), Davis Strait: Disko Bay (Greenland: Godthaab, Egedesminde); NE Atlantic: Iceland (Isafjördur), Faroe Islands (ØsterØ), Hebrides, Ireland (Co. Mayo: Clare Island, Co. Kerry: Valentia Harbour), Northern Ireland (Co. Londonderry: Portstewart); Irish Sea: Isle of Man (Port Erin), Ireland (Co. Dublin: Balscaddan Bay); North Channel (Firth of Clyde: Great Cumbrae Island, Millport); Celtic Sea: Ireland (Co. Cork: Crookhaven); English Channel: England (Plymouth Sound), France (Roscoff, Concarneau); North Sea: Belgium (Ostende), Netherlands (Scheldt estuary), German Bight (Helgoland, Elbe estuary), North Frisian Islands (Sylt), Scotland (St Andrews), Norway; Skagerrak: Oslofjord (DrØbak); Øresund (Nivå Bay); Baltic Sea: Kieler Bucht, Fehmarnsund, Lübecker Bucht, Mecklemburger Bucht (Wismarbucht, Warnemünde), Greifswald; Norwegian Sea: Norway (TromsØ); White Sea (Solovetzk Islands); CE Atlantic: Madeira, Canary Islands (Tenerife); Mediterranean Sea: Gulf of Lion; Ligurian Sea; Tyrrhenian Sea (Gulf of Naples); Strait of Messina: Sicily (Messina); Adriatic Sea: Gulf of Trieste, Gulf of Venice (Croatia: Rovinj); Sea of Marmara: Turkey (Tuzla, Florya); Bosphorus: Turkey (Baltaliman); Black Sea: Bulgaria (Varna), Ukraine (Odessa, Crimea: Sevastopol, Yalta), Russia (Novorossiysk), Georgia (Sukhumi); Levantian Sea: Israel (v. Graff 1913; Southern 1936; Steinböck 1938; Ax 1959; Den Hartog 1964, 1977; Sopott 1972; Ax and Armonies 1987; Curini-Galletti and Mura 1998).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFFDA032FEA6944FFB7B3A04.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Site 12: one specimen, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. North Sea: Norway (Bergen); Skagerrak: Sweden (Bonden) (Karling 1993). Remarks Differences to the descriptions of Westblad (1955) and Karling (1993) include the length of body (1.3 mm long), length of copulatory organ (304 M m long) and two pairs of eyes.	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFFCA033FECF9446FDB03A11.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Sites 1, 2 b: one specimen, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. North Sea: North Frisian Islands (Sylt). Remarks The cirrus of the species from Sylt bears fewer hooks. The testes vesicles are more numerous than in the Sylt specimens.	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFFCA033FE3D928EFC403B87.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Site 3: few specimens, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. Mediterranean Sea: Gulf of Lion (Banyuls sur mer); North Sea: North Frisian Islands (Sylt) (Ax 1955; Wehrenberg and Reise 1985).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFFCA034FE3293C0FB793E81.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Site 4: two specimens in squash preparation, stored. Geographical distribution. Mediterranean Sea: Gulf of Lion (Banyuls sur mer) (Ax 1955).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFFBA034FE2596CFFDC43CF5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Site 1: few specimens in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. North Sea: Netherlands (Western Scheldt), German Bight (Helgoland), North Frisian Island (Sylt), Denmark (Esbjerg: Skallingen, Langli 5 m); Bay of Biscay: France (Arcachon); Baltic Sea: Kieler Bucht (down to 12 m) (Ax 1955; Sopott 1972). Remarks About 16 needles in a half circle enclosing five longer needles, three lateral stronger needles obliquely arranged to the 16 needles.	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFFBA034FE1092C9FCBB38B4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Sites 1, 2 a: two specimens in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. North Sea: North Frisian Islands (Sylt), Norwegian Sea: Norway (TromsØ: GrindØ); Bay of Biscay: France (Arcachon); Baltic Sea: Gulf of Finland (Hangö, Henriksberg, Tvaerminne), Baltic Proper: Sweden (Stockholm: Sandhamn, Torö, Nynäshamn); Kieler Bucht, Hohwachter Bucht; Kattegat: Sweden (Halmstad: Laxvik); NW Atlantic: Canada: Quoddy Region (Deer Island, Baie des Chaleurs: Elmtree River); Mediterranean Sea: Gulf of Lion (Étang de Salses, Étang de Canet) (Ax 1951, 1956 a, 1956 b; Schmidt 1972; Ehlers 1974; Ax and Armonies 1987).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFFAA035FEA89552FED63B87.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Site 12: one specimen in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. NE Atlantic: Ireland (Co. Mayo); Irish Sea: Ireland (Co. Dublin), North Channel (Firth of Clyde: Great Cumbrae Island, Millport); North Sea: Norway (Bergen, Biol. Station Herdla) (v. Graff 1913; Luther 1936; Karling 1985). Remarks During squeezing the animal was burst. The determination of the species is based on characters as follows: with two eyes, pharynx behind mid-body, germar lateral beside pharynx, bilateral testes, sclerotized stylet tubular, with a distal bend of an angle of about 90 °, pointed.	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFFAA035FE3B96B7FE0F3D00.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Site 11: one specimen in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. Baltic Sea: Kieler Bucht; North Sea: North Frisian Islands (Sylt, Amrum, Jordsand); Norwegian Sea: Norway (TromsØ: GrindØ); Irish Sea: Anglesey (Menai Bridge); Bay of Biscay: France (Arcachon); Canada: Quoddy Region (St Andrews: Pagan Point) (Ax 1956 a; Boaden 1963 a; Schmidt 1972; Ehlers 1974; Ax and Armonies 1987). Remarks	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFFAA036FE8D9007FC483C5B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Site 15: one specimen in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. NE Atlantic: Ireland (Co. Mayo, Co. Kerry: Valentia Harbour); North Sea: Norway (Bergen: Biol. Station of Herdla), Skagerrak: Sweden (Gullmarfjord: Bohuslän), English Channel: England (Plymouth Sound), France (Concarneau), Bay of Biscay: France (Arcachon); Mediterranean Sea: Thyrrenian Sea (Gulf of Naples); Strait of Messina (Sicily: Messina); Adriatic Sea: Italy (Parenzo, Barcola, Gulf of Trieste) (v. Graff 1913; Southern 1936; Westblad 1954; Ax 1971).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFF9A037FE7394BBFC9D3F71.taxon	description	(Figure 7) Material examined Site 1: one specimen in squash preparation stored on CD-ROM: 2003.6.6.3. Description Juvenile specimen with body length of 1.0 mm; without eyes; proboscis with a pair of hook organs on a basal muscular plate, oval to roundish (diameter of the oval side 43 M m). Each hook organ consists of three pointed spines the bases of which are rounded and swollen (Figure 7). The median spine of the hook organ 35 M m long, the inner spine 15 M m long and the outer one 16.5 M m long. Distance between both hook organs 118 M m (distance measured between bases of median spines). Discussion To date the genus Prognathorhynchus comprises 13 species. Of these species two are nomina nuda, P. bacescui Mack-Fira, 1973 and P. sp. Ax and Armonies, 1987. Because of sexual immaturity information on the genital apparatus could not be presented. Based on the outline of the hook organs Prognathorhynchus sp. resembles with Prognathorhynchus dubius Meixner, 1929 (according to Evdonin 1977: 193, Figure 88 v).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFF8A037FE4595EFFC203BB3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Sites 11, 14: two specimens, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. NE Atlantic: Ireland (Co. Kerry: Valentia); Irish Sea: Isle of Man (Port Erin); North Channel (Firth of Clyde: Millport); English Channel: England (Plymouth Sound), France (St Malo, St-Vaast-la-Houque, Concarneau); North Sea: Norway (Bergen); Danish Seas (Kattegat, Baelts); Baltic Sea: Gulf of Finland; Mediterranean Sea: Ligurian Sea (Livorno); Adriatic Sea: Italy (Gulf of Trieste, Lesina, Ancona); Bosphorus; Black Sea: Ukraine (Crimea: Sevastopol, Yalta), Georgia (Sukhumi); CE Atlantic: Madeira, Canary Islands (Tenerife: Puerto Orotava); CW Atlantic: Bermuda (v. Graff 1913; Southern 1936; Mack-Fira 1968, 1974; Evdonin 1977).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFF8A037FE0E97FCFBE03DE9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Site 11: two specimens, specimen in squash preparation, WM, voucher specimen. Geographical distribution. NE Atlantic: Ireland (Co. Kerry: Valentia Harbour); Celtic Sea: Ireland (Co. Cork: Kinsale Harbour); Irish Sea: Isle of Man (Port Erin), North Channel (Firth of Clyde: Great Cumbrae Island, Millport); English Channel: England (Plymouth Sound: Cawsand Bay); North Sea: The Netherlands (lake Grevelingen), Scheldt Estuary (Karling 1953; Martens and Schockaert 1981). Subfamily POLYCYSTIDINAE Schockaert and Karling, 1970	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFF8A009FE5693E1FD873A98.taxon	description	(Figure 8 C) Material examined Sites 5, 15: two specimens, in squash preparation. Description Length of body in squash preparation 1.0 mm. Two pairs of eyes, i. e. two crescent eyes at each side being very far from each other. Mid-dorsally, band of pigmented dark red-brown reticulated lines running from anterior end to rear end. The pigmented band broad anteriorly, becomes smaller caudad. Colour of body dirty grey. Pharynx behind proboscis in horizontal plane. A sclerotized stylet marks the transition of the distal part of the prostatic vesicle into the atrium. The stylet looks like a bottleneck with a thick-ended collar and a lateral pointed projection; teeth absent (Figure 8 C). The measurements of the stylet are: diameter of distal opening 17.8 M m, diameter of proximal opening 25.8 M m, distance between distal and proximal opening 12.5 M m and length of lateral projection 6.5 M m. Remarks In total, four specimens of the Polycystis naegelii group (Karling 1986) were found, two specimens of which could definitely be determined as Polycystis naegelii Kölliker based on the following characters given by Evdonin (1977) and Karling (1986): body length up to 3.5 mm, two eyes, colour dirty greyish black, and stylet with single flagellum directed caudad. Both the other specimens differ in the following characters: length of body of sexually mature specimens 1.0 mm, two bilateral pairs of eyes, band of dark red-brown reticulated lines dorsally, and stylet with a short projection directed laterad. Evdonin (1977) stated that Polycystis naegelii has stylets with either a smooth collar, with teeth along the collar, or with one or two flagella of different size at the collar. The authors are convinced that these different forms of the stylets represent different species, as do the present species. But the authors must desist from the establishment of a new species within the Polycystis naegelii group because the sagittally sectioned series is damaged so that the reconstruction of the genital system is impossible.	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFF8A009FE5693E1FD873A98.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Site 7: one specimen in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. Mediterranean Sea: Gulf of Lion, Ligurian Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, Adriatic Sea (Riedl 1959 b; Brunet 1965).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFC6A00AFEE29338FC893D23.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Sites 7, 11, 14: few specimens, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. NW Atlantic: Canada (New Brunswick: St Andrews, Pocologan), USA (Massachusetts: Woods Hole), Davis Strait: Greenland (Holstenborg, Jakobshavn, Disko Bay); NE Atlantic: Denmark Strait (Greenland: Scoresbysund), White Sea (Solovetzk Islands), Faroe Islands (SuderØ, ØsterØ); Ireland (Co. Kerry: Valentia, Co. Mayo, Co. Galway); North Sea: North Frisian Islands (Sylt), German Bight (Helgoland), Norway (Bergen, Strudshavn); Irish Sea: Ireland (Co. Dublin), Isle of Man (Port Erin, Port St Mary), North Channel (Firth of Clyde: Great Cumbrae Island); English Channel (England: Plymouth Sound); France (Concarneau, Wimereux); Baltic Sea: Gulf of Finland; Mediterranean Sea: Adriatic Sea (Gulf of Venice: Rovinj; Italy: Lesina); NE Pacific: Bering Sea, Gulf of Alaska, USA (Oregon, California) (Gamble 1893; Hallez 1893; Southern 1912, 1936; v. Graff 1913; Steinböck 1933 a, 1938; Schilke 1970; Karling 1982; Ax and Armonies 1987, 1990). Remarks Two specimens were collected, one sexually mature and the other a male that was not completely sexually mature. Length of the former specimen was 1.24 mm in squash preparation. The excitator stylet, based on the accessory secretory bulb, was obviously not fully developed and measures 42 M m in length. The stylet is straight, evenly tapering to a distally pointed end; proximally, a funnel-shaped opening (12 M m in diameter) encases the accessory secretory bulb. The excitator stylet is directed anteriad.	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFC5A00BFEFB95B7FC4B3EE3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Site 3: one specimen, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution (cosmopolitan). Marine areas: NW Atlantic: USA; NE Atlantic: Ireland (Clare Island: Blacksod Bay); North Sea: Norway (Herdla); Skagerrak: Sweden (Hållö, Bonden), German Bight (Helgoland); Baltic Sea: Gulf of Finland; CE Atlantic: Madeira; Mediterranean Sea: Gulf of Lion (Étangs); Adriatic Sea: Slovenia; Black Sea: Ukraine (Crimea: Sevastopol); W Indian Ocean: Red Sea, Kenya, Somalia; NE Pacific; SE Pacific; SW Pacific: Australia (NSW, North Stradbroke Island: Dunwich, Adam’s Beach); Antarctica. Freshwater areas (European countries given as international country codes): European Palaearctic: A, BG, CH, CZ, D, DK (Faroe Islands), EE, E, FI, FR, GB, HU, I, IE, LV, MK, NL, N, PL, RO, RU, SE, UA (Crimea: Sevastopol); Nearctic region: New York, Virginia (Norfolk); Neotropical region: Colombia (2580 alt.), Jamaica, Surinam, Brazil; Afro-tropical region: Kenya, Tanzania (Lake Victoria); East Palaearctic region: Siberia (Tomsk, Lake Baikal), China, Japan; Near East region: Caspian Sea, Aral Sea; Oriental Region: Indonesia (Java); Australian region: Australia (NSW), New Zealand (v. Graff 1913; Nasonov 1924; Southern 1936; Marcus 1946; Ferguson and Jones 1949; Beklemishev 1953; Valkanov 1955; Rixen 1961; Karling 1963; Kraus 1965; Mack-Fira 1968; Young 1976; Den Hartog 1977; Heitkamp 1979; Gamo and Noreña-Janssen 1998; Therriault and Kolasa 1999; Artois and Schockaert 2000).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFC4A00BFED796F0FC383C99.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Site 4: few specimens, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. Irish Sea: North Wales, North Sea: North Frisian Islands (Sylt, Amrum), North Frisland (Westerhever Sand); Kattegat: Sweden (Halmstadt: Tylösand); Baltic Sea: Kiel Bight, Hohwachter Bucht, Kaliningrad Oblast (Kurskiy Zaliv), Gulf of Finland (Hangö, Tulludden), Sweden (Torö, Herrhamra); Mediterranean Sea: Gulf of Marseille, Tyrrhenian Sea; Black Sea: Bulgaria (Varna); CE Pacific: USA (California: Pacific Grove) (Ax 1951; Boaden 1963 b; Karling 1963, 1992; Brunet 1965; Schilke 1970; Den Hartog 1977). Family KARKINORHYNCHIDAE Meixner, 1928	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFC4A00BFE3094FEFE953A16.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Site 1: two specimens, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. Irish Sea: North Wales (Anglesey); North Sea: Denmark (Esbjerg), North Frisian Islands (Sylt, Amrum), Netherlands (Scheldt estuary), Belgium (Mariakerke); Baltic Sea: Kieler Bucht, Kaliningrad Oblast (Kurskiy Zaliv, Vislinskiy Zaliv), Sweden (Åhus, Gotland), Gulf of Finland; Mediterranean Sea: Adriatic Sea (Karling 1956; Riedl 1970; Schilke 1970; Straarup 1970; Karling 1974; Martens and Schockaert 1981).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFC4A00BFD919284FEAD38B4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Provorticidae with bilateral testes and germovitellaria; vitelline part of germovitellaria anterior to germarium part; common genital opening in the caudal body-half. Male organ with paired seminal vesicles, the common duct of which with distal sclerotized walls. Prostatic vesicle provided with sclerotized stylet, opens independently from the ejaculatory duct into the common genital atrium. Free-living, marine. Type of the genus: Scillyυortex phytophilus sp. nov. Etymology The generic name is composed of the former dalyelliid genus Vortex and the place found, i. e. Isles of Scilly.	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFC3A00DFE1096B4FEC03C23.taxon	description	(Figure 8 A, B) Material examined	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFC3A00DFE1096B4FEC03C23.taxon	materials_examined	HOLOTYPE: Site 7: two specimens in squash preparation, stored on CD-ROM: 2003.5.22.5; whole mount slightly squashed WM: 2003.5.22.5. Etymology The specific epithet refers to the phytal habitat in which specimens were living (from Greek, phyton 5 plant and philos 5 specially favoured). Description Length of body squashed 1.7 mm, fore-end slightly tapering to a pointed tip, rear end rounded. Colour dark dirty grey with transparent areas marking the locations of the pharynx and genital organs. With a pair of crescentic eyes; lateral eyes very close to each other. Eyes 204 M m distant from anterior margin. Epidermis with numerous small rhabdites. Pharynx doliiformis small, 290 M m long, mouth of pharynx 100 M m caudal to eyes, distal pharynx bordered with tiny papillae. Hind body end provided with four very large caudal glands with inner thread-like structure up to 120 M m long. Reproductiυe system. Common gonopore in rear body leading into a voluminous genital atrium. Gonopore and distal atrium surrounded by cement glands. Testes paired, behind pharynx. Vasa deferentia join testes with paired seminal vesicles. The male copulatory apparatus consists of paired seminal vesicles and a prostatic vesicle bearing a coiled stylet. The prostatic duct and the ejaculatory duct openings obviously independent from each other but very close to each other in the genital atrium. The paired seminal vesicles combine to a common ejaculatory duct; the distal part of which increases gradually in sclerotization of the walls forming distally a collar-like border. The spherical prostatic vesicle, 140 M m in diameter and provided with a thick muscular wall, opens distally into a proximally coiled stylet making one and a third turns. The stylet is tapering distad starting at the end of the first proximal third of the twisted part. The distal part of the stylet is straight, about 100 M m long and provided with a short distal hook-like bend at an angle of about 90 °. The stylet resembles the penis stylet of Pogaina annulata Ax, 1970. The female gonads are paired germovitellaria. The vitellogenous part is located dorsolaterally and extends from somewhat anterior of the testes to the level caudal of the seminal receptacle. The distal ovarial parts lie immediately in front of the seminal vesicle. Female ducts, i. e. oviduct and uterus, could not be discerned and traced to the common genital atrium. Discussion According to Luther (1962), the characters of paired gonads and common genital atrium in the caudal body-half refer Scilliυortex phytophilus to the family Provorticidae. The Provorticidae are additionally characterized by a more or less combined seminal and prostatic vesicle. The family is subdivided into the subfamilies Provorticinae Meixner, 1926 (paired vitellaria, seminal and prostatic vesicle side by side), Kirgisellinae Luther, 1962 (paired vitellaria, seminal vesicle proximal of prostatic vesicle) and Haplovejdovskyinae Luther, 1962 (single testis and germovitellar, paired vasa deferentia). Based on the characters given, Scilliυortex phytophilus differs from the known species of the subfamilies of the Provorticidae in the character combination of paired germovitellaria and separate seminal and prostatic vesicle with excreting ducts which separately open into the common genital atrium. A special feature is that both ducts are provided with sclerotized elements and enter independently from each other into the genital atrium. This character combination is unique within the Provorticidae and the other families of the order. Consequently, we have to establish a new family or at least a new subfamily within the Provorticidae. However, we must desist from this because of the absence of serial sections for the final resolution of the exact relations of the male ducts and their entrance into the genital atrium.	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFC2A00DFED4945EFC2B3AC5.taxon	description	(Figure 9 C) Material examined Sites 3, 7: several specimens, in squash preparation. Geographical distribution. Baltic Sea: Gulf of Finland (Tvaerminne: Henriksberg, Balget), Sweden (Östergötland: St Anna, Vrangö); Øresund (Nivå Bay); North Sea: Norway, North Frisian Islands (Sylt) (Luther 1962; Straarup 1970; Hellwig-Armonies 1988). Remarks The species was found in fully marine habitats. To date Balgetia semicirculifera has only been found in oligohaline habitats of the Baltic Sea (Luther 1962) and in saltmarshes of the Island of Sylt (Armonies 1987). The stylet of the Scilly form looks rather different: the proximal and median part is straight and only the distal part is curved (Figure 9 C) (cf. Luther 1962: 33, Figure 12 D, E).	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFC2A000FE3092D1FEB53C7F.taxon	description	(Figure 9 A, B) Material examined	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFC2A000FE3092D1FEB53C7F.taxon	materials_examined	HOLOTYPE: Site 7: two specimens in squash preparation, stored on CD-ROM: 2003.5.22.4; whole mount slightly squashed WM: 2003.5.22.4. Description Length of body of squashed specimen 1.2 mm; frontal end broadly rounded, tapering slightly anteriad; hind end variably tapering, distally tail-like. In transmitted light body yellowish transparent; intestinal tract contrasts dark grey with transparent areas marking the locations of the genital organs. Eyes absent. Pharynx 256 M m long, 102 M m distant from anterior end. Reproductiυe system. Testis left in posterior part of body. The longish muscular copulatory bulb consists of a voluminous seminal vesicle and a small prostatic section, the glands of which are located extravesicular. The seminal-prostatic bulb is distally encased in the proximal penis stylet, being 38.6 M m long. The germovitellar is located on the right side in the posterior body. The vitellogenous part extends frontad to the level of the mid-body. The distal ovarial part is connected with the common genital atrium. Common genital pore present. Discussion The monotypic subfamily Haplovejdovskyinae Luther, 1962 was established for Haploυejdoυskya subterranea Ax, 1954, based on the characters of a single germovitellar and testis located in the posterior part of the body. In this respect Haploυejdoυskya scilliensis agrees well with the diagnosis given. Essential differences from H. subterranea exist in the shape of the stylet. The stylet of H. subterranea is longer, 110 M m, twisted and distally hooked as against the stylet of H. scilliensis being 38.6 M m long, straight and distally pointed. Furthermore, H. scilliensis and H. subteranea live in different habitats. H. subterranea is a typical brackish water species (Ax 1956 c) and H. scilliensis was found in a euhaline habitat.	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
5F1587FEFFCFA000FD8194A7FCFB3B0D.taxon	description	(Figure 10) Material examined Sites 6, 7, 13, 14, 15: abundant; several specimens in squash preparation. Morphology Length of body in squash preparation up to 1.1 mm; outline of body with characteristic head, 0.26 mm long, broadly rounded, separated from mid-body by a slight incision forming a circular groove; at each side, groove marked with bundles of 76 M m long cilia. Posterior body end tapering to a blunt point provided with a bundle of up to 130 M m long cilia. From time to time mid and posterior body exhibits very slight incisions (Figure 10) simulating pseudo-segmentations. Around head and margin sensory cilia, 93 M m long, present in more or less close serial sequence. Epidermis with 39 M m long cilia, rhabdites absent. Colour yellow-red-brown. Head with two crescentic eyes, 64 M m long and 125 M m distant from each other. Pharynx doliiformis 132 M m long, opens immediately behind ventral groove. Intestine with ingested diatoms. Reproductiυe system. Specimens were sexually immature.	en	Faubel, A., Warwick, R. M. (2005): The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (‘ Turbellaria’). Journal of Natural History 39 (1): 1-45, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001613593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
