identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5D1487CDFFEAFFEEFF031A5BBEF5FA7B.text	5D1487CDFFEAFFEEFF031A5BBEF5FA7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chusquea robinfosteri Refulio, Klahs & L. G. Clark. A. Pachymorph 2025	<div><p>Chusquea robinfosteri Refulio, Klahs &amp; L.G. Clark, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–5; 8A–D; 9A–C).</p><p>Type: ― PERU. Junín: Satipo Province / Cusco: La Convención Province. Cordillera Vilcabamba, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.66722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.66" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.66722/lat -11.66)">Otishi National Park</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.66722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.66" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.66722/lat -11.66)">Rio Ene</a> slope, near summit of divide. 11°39'36" S, 73°40'02" W, 3350–3400 m, 8 June 1997, B. Boyle, M. Arakaki &amp; H. Beltrán 4221 (holotype: USM!; isotypes: F!, ISC!) .</p><p>Diagnosis: ―Within Chusquea section Swallenochloa, Chusquea robinfosteri is most similar to C. depauperata in having awnless falcate spikelets, foliage leaf blades with the abaxial epidermis exhibiting abundant single and branched papillae, a simple midrib, and mesophyll comprising rosette cells and lacking fusoid cavities. However, it differs by usually having both glumes I and II developed (rarely lacking glume I) and by possessing a long acuminate extension at the summit of the foliage leaf sheath.</p><p>Description: ―Rhizomes pachymorph. Culms scandent. Internodes 2.2–3.8 cm long, 2.4–3 mm in diameter, terete but slightly flattened for much of the length above the central bud, fistulose, glabrous, maroon to golden-yellow, waxy. Culm leaves 1.9–3.5 cm long, juncture of the sheath and blade abaxially horizontal, more or less visible; sheaths 1.8–3.3 cm long, 18–22 times as long as the blade, persistent and disintegrating on the culm, more or less triangular with rounded shoulders, glabrous adaxially and abaxially pubescent, with no marginal fusion, margins glabrous, sheath summit extension absent; girdle glabrous, slightly developed, 0.8–1 mm; outer ligule absent; inner ligule ca. 0.1 mm long, a faint line; blades 1–1.5 mm long, triangular, minute, erect, deciduous. Nodes with a triangular central bud and several adventitious roots; nodal line horizontal; supranodal ridge conspicuous. Branching intravaginal, at mid-culm with 3 branches per node, the central one thicker than the other two. Foliage leaves 4–7 per complement on vegetative branches, 5–7 per complement on flowering branches; sheaths pubescent, keeled, margins glabrous; sheath summit extension present on both sides, acuminate, confluent with the inner ligule, glabrous, 4–9 mm long; outer ligules erect, glabrous, ca. 0.1 mm long; inner ligules fused with sheath summit extension, 2–4 mm long; pseudopetioles 0.1–0.2 mm long, glabrous; blades 2.7–5.7 cm long, 1–2.5 mm wide, linear, stiff, erect to ascending, flat in cross-section, slightly yellow-green, adaxially pubescent and abaxially mostly glabrous, not tessellate, margins ca. 0.2 mm wide, yellow, scabrid, cartilaginous, midrib centric and abaxially barely distinguishable, attenuate at base, subulate at apex. Synflorescences 4–10 cm long, 0.4–1 cm wide, paniculate, narrow, congested and appearing spicate, not or only slightly interrupted, branches appressed; subtending bract absent; rachis angular, flattened, glabrous; basal primary branches 1.5–2.5 cm long, becoming progressively shorter towards the apex until ending in pedicels, pulvinus absent; pedicels 1–5 mm long, rounded, glabrous. Spikelets 5.8–6 mm long, 1.5–1.8 mm wide, laterally compressed, slightly falcate; glume I developed (sometimes absent), 0.4–0.8 mm long, scalelike, glabrous, nerves absent; glume II developed, 0.8–1.2 mm long, scalelike, glabrous, nerves absent; glumes III and IV subequal, ca. ½ the spikelet length, 3-nerved; glume III 2.8–3 mm long, pubescent on the base and on middle nerve, acute; glume IV 3.3–3.5 mm long, pubescent on the base and on middle nerve, mucronate; lemma 5–5.2 mm long, glabrous, acuminate, 7-nerved; palea 5.2–5.4 mm long, emarginate, glabrous, 2-nerved. Stamens 3; anthers 2.5–3 mm long, yellow. Gynoecium 1.8–2.6 mm long, styles 2, stigmas plumose. Caryopsis not seen.</p><p>Distribution and habitat: ― Chusquea robinfosteri is currently known only from a very remote and difficult to access area located on the border between Junín Department (Province Satipo) and Cusco Department (Province La Convención) which forms part of the Otishi National Park and the Cordillera Vilcabamba (Fig. 1). It was found on the Rio Ene slope, near the summit of divide at 3350–3400 m elevation in mossy upper montane forest dominated by Weinmannia Linnaeus (1759: 997, 1005, 1367), Clethra Linnaeus (1753: 396), Symplocos Jacquin (1760: 5), and Myrsine Linnaeus (1753: 196) . It is patchily distributed, but often locally dominant in restricted areas of pajonal (herbaceous meadows with scattered low shrubs).</p><p>Phenology: ―Flowering collections are only known from 8 June 1997. There are no observations on extent of flowering in the label data.</p><p>Recognition: — Chusquea robinfosteri is distinguished from the other small(shrubby)species in sect. Swallenochloa by the combination of its vegetative and reproductive attributes (see identification key below). Chusquea robinfosteri and C. depauperata are similar in having awnless falcate spikelets (Figs. 5C–D, 7D). Morphological key differences that help to differentiate these two species are the shape of the leaf sheath summit extension and the presence or absence of glumes (Table 1). While C. robinfosteri has a long acuminate foliage leaf sheath summit extension and usually both glumes I and II developed (rarely lacks glume I) (Figs. 3E–F, 5E), C. depauperata has a truncate foliage leaf sheath summit extension and usually lacks both glumes I and II (rarely glume II is present) (Fig. 7B,D).</p><p>Etymology: ―This species is named in honor of Robin B. Foster (Field Museum, Chicago and ForestGEO) in recognition of his immense contributions to tropical botany, in particular to the poorly known areas with complex topography and limited access of the Peruvian tropical Andes and Amazon.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D1487CDFFEAFFEEFF031A5BBEF5FA7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Refulio-Rodriguez, Nancy F.;Klahs, Phillip C.;Leandro, Thales D.;Mcmurchie, Elizabeth K.;Clark, Lynn G.	Refulio-Rodriguez, Nancy F., Klahs, Phillip C., Leandro, Thales D., Mcmurchie, Elizabeth K., Clark, Lynn G. (2025): A new species of Chusquea subg. Swallenochloa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from the Peruvian upper montane forest. Phytotaxa 716 (4): 231-247, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.716.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.4.1
5D1487CDFFE2FFEFFF031DD9B88DFD20.text	5D1487CDFFE2FFEFFF031DD9B88DFD20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chusquea (sect. Swallenochloa)	<div><p>Key to the species of Chusquea sect. Swallenochloa in Peru based on vegetative and reproductive features</p><p>1. Foliage leaf blades tessellate on both surfaces, mostly reflexed, the pseudopetioles flat with ciliate-pubescent margins.................. .......................................................................................................... C. intipaqariy Fadrique &amp; Clark in Fadrique et al. (2019: 183)</p><p>- Foliage leaf blades not tessellate, ascending to erect, the pseudopetioles adaxially concave to keeled with glabrous margins........2</p><p>2. Spikelets with glume IV nearly equaling the spikelet length ................................................................. C. smithii Clark (1986: 107)</p><p>- Spikelets with glume IV no more than ¾ the spikelet length.............................................................................................................3</p><p>3. Spikelets falcate or slightly falcate.....................................................................................................................................................4</p><p>- Spikelets straight ................................................................................................................................................................................6</p><p>4. Spikelets with glumes III and IV and lemma awned; foliage leaf blades (1.5–) 1.8–3.9 (–4.2) cm wide ...................... C. gamarrae</p><p>- Spikelets with glumes III and IV and lemma acute to mucronulate; foliage leaf blades 0.1–0.25 cm wide......................................5</p><p>5. Spikelets with glumes I always absent and II usually absent; foliage leaf sheath summit extension truncate ........... C. depauperata</p><p>- Spikelets with glumes I sometimes absent and II always present; foliage leaf sheath summit extension acuminate.......................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................... C. robinfosteri</p><p>6. Spikelets with glumes III and IV and lemma mucronulate but blunt; foliage leaf blades V-shaped in cross section.......................... ........................................................................................................................................................ C. neurophylla Clark (1986: 105)</p><p>- Spikelets with glumes III and IV and lemma short-awned to awned; foliage leaf blades flat in cross section .................................7</p><p>7. Foliage leaf sheath summit with an extension; paleas with an apical tuft of short cilia .............. C. weberbaueri Pilger (1905: 146)</p><p>- Foliage leaf sheath summit without an extension; paleas without a conspicuous apical tuft of short cilia .......................................8</p><p>8. Foliage leaf blades 11.9–20 cm long, base rounded-attenuate; lemmas awned .......................... C. simplicissima Pilger (1905: 145)</p><p>- Foliage leaf blades (3.6–) 5–9 cm long, base truncate-cordate; lemmas short-awned........................... C. spicata Munro (1868: 60)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D1487CDFFE2FFEFFF031DD9B88DFD20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Refulio-Rodriguez, Nancy F.;Klahs, Phillip C.;Leandro, Thales D.;Mcmurchie, Elizabeth K.;Clark, Lynn G.	Refulio-Rodriguez, Nancy F., Klahs, Phillip C., Leandro, Thales D., Mcmurchie, Elizabeth K., Clark, Lynn G. (2025): A new species of Chusquea subg. Swallenochloa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from the Peruvian upper montane forest. Phytotaxa 716 (4): 231-247, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.716.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.4.1
