taxonID	type	description	language	source
635AA5139516AD4DFF17FF18FC16FE96.taxon	description	(Figures 2 – 6, 7 – 14, 15 – 17, 18 – 19, 20 - 24, Table 2)	en	Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant’Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2022): Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats. Zootaxa 5133 (1): 83-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4
635AA5139516AD4DFF17FF18FC16FE96.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♂, code ISLA 66166, Brazil, Pará state, municipality of Curionópolis, SL- 110 cave (5 º 57 ’ 32.351 ” S; 49 º 37 ’ 49.592 ” W), 16. i. 2012, CARSTE leg. Holotype condition: right tegmen and legs were detached, and maintained in holotype’s tube. Paratypes, 1 ♂, 03. xi. 2012 (ISLA 66154), CARSTE leg. SL- 94 cave (5 º 57 ’ 6.291 ” S; 49 º 37 ’ 56.475 ” W) and 1 ♂, 16. i. 2012 (ISLA 66165), CARSTE leg. SL- 109 (5 º 57 ’ 32.350 ” S; 49 º 37 ’ 49.591 ” W), all specimens collected in same municipality of holotype.	en	Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant’Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2022): Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats. Zootaxa 5133 (1): 83-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4
635AA5139516AD4DFF17FF18FC16FE96.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known for six caves: SL- 79 (05 º 57 ’ 53.438 ” S; 49 º 38 ’ 19.786 ” W) (photographic register), SL- 82 (05 º 57 ’ 30.961 ” S; 49 º 38 ’ 14.866 ” W) (photographic register), SL- 94 (5 º 57 ’ 6.291 ” S; 49 º 37 ’ 56.475 ” W), SL- 109 (5 º 57 ’ 32.350 ” S; 49 º 37 ’ 49.591 ” W), SL- 110 (5 º 57 ’ 32.351 ” S; 49 º 37 ’ 49.592 ” W) and SL- 121 (05 º 55 ’ 44.369 ” S; 49 º 40 ’ 30.007 ” W (photographic register) (Fig. 1, dark stars), well sampled only on SL- 94, SL- 109 and SL- 110, all localities distributed in the municipality of Curionópolis, Pará state, Brazil.	en	Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant’Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2022): Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats. Zootaxa 5133 (1): 83-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4
635AA5139516AD4DFF17FF18FC16FE96.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet ferratilis refers to the presence of this species in iron caves.	en	Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant’Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2022): Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats. Zootaxa 5133 (1): 83-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4
635AA5139516AD4DFF17FF18FC16FE96.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Combination of the following characteristics: paramere 1 well developed, C-shaped (very similar to A. spurius and A. lucifugus), inner basal margin acuminated, apex dilated and curved inward (Ps. P 1. p, Figs 2 – 6); rami elongated (very similar to A. spurius and A. lucifugus), narrow and well sclerotized slightly curved inside and apex triangular shaped (R, Figs 2, 3, 4 and 6); ectophallic fold well sclerotized, with the lateral border directed outward, central part slightly convex at apex and linear shaped bottom borders (Ec. F, Fig. 3); endophallus circularshaped and vertically elongated, with short ventral crest (End. Sc), similar to A. lucifugus, but more sclerotized and slightly developed (End. Sc), connected to ectophallic fold by an inverted V-shaped membrane (End. Sc, Figs 3 and 5).	en	Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant’Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2022): Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats. Zootaxa 5133 (1): 83-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4
635AA5139516AD4DFF17FF18FC16FE96.taxon	description	Description, male holotype. General Coloration. Body light brown and head slightly yellowish, possibly discoloration occurred after fixation in ethanol 70 % (Fig. 7 — 14); Head. slightly pubescent with long bristles between the scapes (Fig. 7), around the eyes and on the posterior and occiput margins of the head almost no bristles are evident (apparently lost after fixation in ethanol 70 %), occiput region slightly darkened behind the eyes (Fig. 8); Eyes. compound eyes black and with depigmented upper region near the scape insertion (Fig. 8); ocelli absent (Fig. 7); Mouthparts. clypeus and labrum whitish, mandibles dark outline (Figs 7 and 8); maxillary and labial palps yellowish and whitish brown between the articulations (Figs 7 and 8, picture shows only the first three); maxillary palp slightly pubescent, elongated, with five articulations; first and second palpomeres similar in size and shorter than the others; third and fourth similar in size and shorter than fifth; fifth palpomere longest of all, claviform shape, dilated in distal portion (Figs 7 and 8, picture shows only the first three); labial palps less pubescent than maxillary palps, with three articulations of increasing size, third palpomere claviform shape (Figs 7 and 8); Antennae. scape pubescent, dorsal portion whitish brown and with some slightly darkened spots, oval and dilated shape, inner distal portion with long bristles (Fig. 7); pedicel dark brown with whitish regions on outer face, narrow, cylindrical and slightly compressed on median portion; antennomeres with dark brown base and whitish distal region, slightly pubescent, twice as short than pedicel (Figs 7 and 8). Thorax. pronotum pubescent with few long bristles on the edges (with lost bristles after fixation in ethanol 70 %), darkened brown towards the extremities and whitish in the medial portion, marked with a whitish vertical and horizontal median band, and two small symmetrical white spots near the proximal portion, dorsal disc wider than long, lateral lobe rounded (Fig. 9). Legs. Leg I: femur proximal part whitish becoming brownish distally, tibia brownish and with two subequal apical spurs, tibia with an oval auditory tympanum at inner side, first tarsomere twice as large than second and third together, second tarsomere with one quarter of the third tarsomere length, all tarsomeres brownish between the articulations, pre-tarso broken (Fig. 17). Leg II: similar to leg I, with tibial apical spurs longer than leg I. Leg III: same appearance as legs I and II, femur developed, whitish towards proximal region, articulation between femur and tibia with a reddish-brown color with black spots at basilateral inner and outer regions, distal portion brownish; tibia slightly brownish, with three inner (SS Int., Fig. 16) and three outer subapical spurs (SS Ext., Fig. 15), and four inner (d, e, f, and g, Fig. 16) and three outer apical spurs (a, b, and c, Fig. 15), first tarsomere developed with two apical spurs, inner slightly bigger than outer (Figs 15 and 16). Right tegmen. Light brown, covering the first four abdominal tergites (Figs 10 and 11). Lateral field (in lateral view, Figs 10 and 19): diagonal vein (DV) poorly marked in its distal region; subcostal vein (SC) well marked, reaching a third of the lateral field, with one branch on the lateral margin, the branch connects with R vein in the medial region of the wing length; subcostal (SC), radial (R) and medial (M) veins parallelly distributed in the lateral field; R with a median branch, curved to the distal direction of the wing; between the parallel veins M and R can be seen some cross-vein poorly marked (three or more); Field (in ventral view, Fig. 18): anal area, chordal area, harp area and the mirror area well developed; anal region with veins anal 1 (1 A), anal 2 (2 A) and anal 3 (3 A) poorly marked, 1 A more narrow than 2 A and 3 A; chordal area with veins 1 A, 2 A and curbital 2 (Cu 2) well marked; Cu 2 * modified in stridulatory file; harp with a median-longitudinal vein (L), and three crossed veins (Hcv), forming four well demarked cells, connecting Cu 2 * towards the lateral field, the first two external veins crossing L; mirror triangular oval, with one crossed vein (Mcv) connected to a distal cross vein in the opposite orientation, Mcv with a poorly marked vertical upper branch, one cell distal is present below the Cu 2; stridulatory file with 92 teeth. Abdomen. tergites pubescent, light brown and slightly darkened dorsally (Figs 10 and 11); sternites pubescent, slightly whiter than the tergites and with a pattern of dark spots above the light brown spot in the most central region of each sternite (Fig. 10); subgenital plate pubescent, light brown and slightly darkened towards the side edges, distal and side margin with long bristles, quadrangular shape, distal central region with a slightly indentation (Fig. 12); supra-anal plate pubescent, darkened throughout the structure than subgenital plate, trapezoidal shaped, with small lateral projections, distal portion rounded and with long bristles (Fig. 14); cerci light brown and whitish at the base (Fig. 13). Observations in Paratypes. Male phallic sclerites (paratype ISLA 66165, Figs 2 – 6) Pseudepiphallic: pseudepiphallic median lophy claviform and thin, apex rounded and slightly curved inward, with bristles (Ps. m. l, Figs 2, 4, 5 and 6); paramere 1 well developed, C-shaped (very similar to A. spurius and A. lucifugus), inner basal margin acuminated, apex dilated and curved inward (Ps. P 1. p, Figs 2 – 6); paramere 2 connected to paramere 1 by membranous tissue, slightly more bulging and sclerotized than A. spurius and A. lucifugus (Ps. P 2, Figs 5 and 6); rami elongated (very similar to A. spurius and A. lucifugus), narrow and well sclerotized slightly curved inside and triangular shaped at the tip (R, Figs 2, 3, 4 and 6). Ectophallic invagination: ectophallic sclerite H-shaped shortened (similar to A. spurius and A. lucifugus) (Figs 2 and 3), apex of posterior projections quadrangular-shaped in ventral view, dilated and well sclerotized, following the shape of the internal basal margin of pseudepiphallic paramere and connected to the Ps. P 1 by membranous tissue (Ec. Pr, Figs 2 – 4 and 6); ectophallic arc slightly longer and wider than A. spurius and A. lucifugus (Ec. Arc, Figs 2 and 3); ectophallic fold well sclerotized, with the lateral border towards outside, central part slightly convex at the top and linear shaped bottom borders (Ec. F, Fig. 3). Endophallus: circular-shaped and vertically elongated, with a short ventral crest (End. Sc), similar to A. lucifugus, but more sclerotized and slightly developed (End. Sc), connected to the ectophallic fold by an inverted V-shaped membrane (End. Sc, Fig. 3 and 5). Ecological Remarks Specimens of Adelosgryllus ferratilis n. sp. were found in Curionópolis municipality, Pará state, Brazil. The caves where specimens were observed are located in an area regionally known as “ Serra Leste ”. This area presents several iron-ore caves, but also some quartzite caves. The species was observed in several caves in the area, especially those ferruginous. Such caves are usually small (few dozens of meters) and several cavities only comprises rock shelters, without aphotic areas. The main organic resources observed in those caves is the bat guano and vegetable organic debris, deposited by wind or water. Although the area was originally covered by a tropical rainforest (Amazon rainforest), it is currently highly impacted, by both the replacement of the forests by pastures and by mining activities. The populations of A. ferratilis n. sp. are usually small inside the caves, so that the species may use the caves only sporadically. However, since the external environments were not sampled, it is currently impossible to establish the actual distribution of this species (Figs 20 – 24).	en	Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant’Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2022): Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats. Zootaxa 5133 (1): 83-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4
635AA5139512AD41FF17F951FAA7FD5A.taxon	description	(Figures 25 – 29, 30 – 37, 38 – 40, 41 – 42, 43 – 45, Table 1)	en	Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant’Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2022): Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats. Zootaxa 5133 (1): 83-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4
635AA5139512AD41FF17F951FAA7FD5A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♂, code ISLA 66153, Brazil, Tocantins state, Xambioá municipality, Explosão cave (6 º 25 ’ 19.301 ” S; 48 º 24 ’ 34.880 ” w), 22. ii. 2018, Ferreira R. L. leg. Holotype condition: right tegmen and legs detached, and maintained in holotype tube.	en	Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant’Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2022): Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats. Zootaxa 5133 (1): 83-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4
635AA5139512AD41FF17F951FAA7FD5A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only to Explosão cave (6 º 25 ’ 19.301 ” S; 48 º 24 ’ 34.880 ” W) municipality of Xambioá, Tocantins state, Brazil.	en	Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant’Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2022): Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats. Zootaxa 5133 (1): 83-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4
635AA5139512AD41FF17F951FAA7FD5A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the municipality of Xambioá, Tocantins state, where the species was found.	en	Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant’Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2022): Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats. Zootaxa 5133 (1): 83-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4
635AA5139512AD41FF17F951FAA7FD5A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Combination of the following characteristics: superior inner base of paramere 1 more rounded (Ps. P 1, Figs 26 and 28) (compared to A. lucifugus and A. ferratilis n. sp.), inner basal margin from paramere 1 with dilatation more pronounced (ventral, diagonal and front view) (Ps. P 1. p, Figs 25, 28 and 29) (compared to A. lucifugus and A. ferratilis n. sp.); paramere 2 slightly dilated toward paramere 1 (dorsal view) (Ps. P 2, Fig. 25); rami elongated and poorly sclerotized (R, Figs 25, 27 and 29); ectophallic fold poorly sclerotized, lateral border slightly towards outside (Ec. F, Fig. 26); endophallic sclerite underdeveloped (End. Sc, Fig. 26).	en	Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant’Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2022): Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats. Zootaxa 5133 (1): 83-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4
635AA5139512AD41FF17F951FAA7FD5A.taxon	description	Description, male holotype. Similar to A. ferratilis n. sp. with the following differences: body dark brown with head orange (in vivo) (Fig. 45) (body pale dark brown and head pale yellow after fixation in ethanol 70 %) (Figs 30 – 37); compound eyes were depigmented due to ethanol fixation (comparation between figs 30 and 45, same individual); pronotum pale dark brown, poorly marked with a whitish vertical and without horizontal median band, two small symmetrical diagonal white spots near the distal portion (Fig. 32); Right tegmen: less sclerotized, covering the first five abdominal tergites (Fig. 33). Lateral field (in lateral view, Figs 33 and 42): diagonal vein (DV), subcostal (SC) and radial (R) with poorly marked irregular veins. Field (in ventral view, Fig. 41): harp with a median-longitudinal vein (L) more toward out, and four crossed veins (Hcv), the first forms a small cell, below curbital 2 (Cu 2); mirror with a narrower proximal part of triangular shape, with two crossed veins (Mcv), unbranched; subgenital and supra-anal plates dark brown, shapes changed after fixation in ethanol (Figs 35 – 37); stridulatory file with 94 teeth. Observations in holotype phallic sclerites: Similar to A. ferratilis n. sp. with the following differences: phallic complex less sclerotized (Figs 25 – 29). Pseudepiphallic: superior inner base of paramere 1 more rounded (ventral view) (Ps. P 1, Fig 26), inner basal margin from paramere 1 with a dilatation more pronounced (ventral, diagonal and front view) (Ps. P 1. p, Figs 25, 28 and 29); paramere 2 slightly dilated toward paramere 1 (dorsal view) (Ps. P 2, Fig. 25); rami poorly sclerotized (R, Figs 25, 27 and 29). Ectophallic invagination: posterior projections poorly sclerotized and quadrangular-shaped (similar to A. lucifugus) (Ec. Pr, Fig. 26); ectophallic fold poorly sclerotized, lateral border slightly towards outside (Ec. F, Fig. 26). Endophallus: endophallic sclerite underdeveloped (End. Sc, Fig. 26). Ecological Remarks The single observed specimen of Adelosgryllus xambioa n. sp. was found in the Explosão cave, which is a marble cave with 1203 meters of horizontal projection. A quarry that used to remove marble from the outcrop led to the collapse of the main cave entrance. Therefore, in order to access the cave, one should enter through a small opening located at the base of the outcrop, leading to a very narrow passage (Fig. 43). The floor along most part of the cave is covered with sediments (Fig. 44), although a few fallen blocks are also present. The organic resources in the cave are especially bat guano produced by several bat species although deposits produced by hematophagous bats are the most common. Additionally, vegetal debris transported by water during strong rains also occur in some areas. The cave is devoid of any regular water flow, but several areas can be partially flooded during the rainy period. The single collected specimen was observed freely walking on the cave floor (Fig. 45), close to a guano pile. It is important to mention that the cave was not entirely surveyed during our sampling, since a flashflood occurred forcing the team to quickly leave the cave. Accordingly, there is no information regarding the size of the species’ population and its density inside the cave. The region presents a climate Aw 5 (according to the Köppen classification system), with an average annual precipitation of 1558 mm and an average annual temperature of 26.3 ºC. The external area is altered, especially due to the removal of the natural vegetation and its replacement by Eucalyptus plantations. However, secondary forest surrounds the outcrop where the cave is located. As for the other species herein described, the epigean environments surrounding the cave were not sampled, so it is currently impossible to determine the habitat preference for this species. It is important to mention that despite the fact that the species was only found inside a cave, it does not exhibit any troglomorphic traits, thus not being a cave-restricted species. Since the external area was not sample, it is likely that the species’ distribution is much wider than currently known.	en	Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant’Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2022): Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats. Zootaxa 5133 (1): 83-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4
635AA513951EAD46FF17FB18FA91F83B.taxon	description	(Figures 46 – 51, 52 – 59, 60 – 62, 63 – 64, 65 – 71, Table 3)	en	Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant’Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2022): Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats. Zootaxa 5133 (1): 83-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4
635AA513951EAD46FF17FB18FA91F83B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♂, code ISLA 66157, Brazil, Minas Gerais state, Conceição do Mato Dentro municipality, Resgate cave (18 º 55 ’ 41.593 ” S; 43 º 25 ’ 10.146 ” W), 12. iv. 2018, CARSTE leg. Holotype condition: right tegmen and legs detached, and maintained in holotype’s tube. Paratypes, 3 ♂♂ (ISLA 64193, ISLA 64208 and ISLA 64206) and 1 ♀♀ (ISLA 64165), ISLA 64193 and 64206 same data of holotype, ISLA 64208 and 64165 collected in 05. v. 2018, all specimens collected in same locality of holotype.	en	Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant’Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2022): Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats. Zootaxa 5133 (1): 83-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4
635AA513951EAD46FF17FB18FA91F83B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only to Resgate cave (18 º 55 ’ 41.593 ” S; 43 º 25 ’ 10.146 ” W), Conceição do Mato Dentro municipality, Minas Gerais state, Brazil.	en	Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant’Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2022): Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats. Zootaxa 5133 (1): 83-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4
635AA513951EAD46FF17FB18FA91F83B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the presence and size from second pair membranous wings present in some adult males of this species, from the Latin “ megapterus ”, mega = large, pterus = wing.	en	Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant’Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2022): Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats. Zootaxa 5133 (1): 83-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4
635AA513951EAD46FF17FB18FA91F83B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Combination of the following characteristics: superior inner base of paramere 1 quadrangular-shaped with slight bulging (ventral view) (Ps. P 1, Fig. 47); paramere 2 slightly inclined towards pseudepiphallic median projection (dorsal view) (Ps. P 2, Fig. 46); rami dilated, acuminate apex and poorly sclerotized (very similar to A. spurius) (R, Figs 47, 48 and 50); pseudepiphallic posterior projections poorly sclerotized, quadrangular-shaped, a little less developed compared to A. lucifugus and A. xambioa n. sp. (Ec. Pr, Fig. 50); ectophallic fold well sclerotized, lateral border slightly directed outward (Ec. F, Fig. 47); endophallus slightly less sclerotized (when compared to A. ferratilis n. sp.), circular-shaped and vertically elongated (similar to A. ferratilis n. sp.) (End. Sc, Fig. 47).	en	Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant’Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2022): Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats. Zootaxa 5133 (1): 83-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4
635AA513951EAD46FF17FB18FA91F83B.taxon	description	Description, male holotype. Similar to A. ferratilis n. sp. with the following differences: body dark brown and head slightly orange, possibly discoloration occurred after fixation in ethanol 70 % (Figs 52 and 53); compound eyes with a depigmented well pronounced upper region near the scape insertion (Fig. 52), vestigial ocelli; pronotum dark brown, well darkened and pubescent, marked with a whitish vertical band and a slight horizontal band, absence white spots (Fig. 54); Right tegmen: well sclerotized, covering the first four or five abdominal tergites (Fig. 55). Lateral field (in lateral view, Figs 55 and 64): diagonal (DV) and subcostal (SC) veins well marked, connected to each other by poorly marked irregular veins; radial (R) vein with five branches towards outside; medial (M) and radial (R) veins connected to each other by well-marked irregular veins. Field (in ventral view, Fig. 63): harp with reticular veins in the first three distal cells; mirror with reticular veins in all cells, with a narrower proximal part of triangular shape (similar to A. xambioa n. sp.); second pair membranous wings developed occur below the tegmina (Figs 55 and 56); subgenital plate darker and acuminate at apex (Fig. 57); supra-anal plate darker (Figs 58 and 59); stridulatory file with 102 teeth. Observations in Paratypes. Male phallic sclerites: Similar to A. ferratilis n. sp. with the following differences: phallic complex less sclerotized, but more sclerotized than A. xambioa n. sp. (Figs 46 – 50); Pseudepiphallic: superior inner base of paramere 1 quadrangular-shaped with slight bulging (ventral view) (Ps. P 1, Fig. 47); paramere 2 slightly inclined towards pseudepiphallic median projection (dorsal view) (Ps. P 2, Fig. 46); rami dilated, acuminate apex and poorly sclerotized (very similar to A. spurius) (R, Figs 47, 48 and 50); Ectophallic invagination: posterior projections poorly sclerotized, quadrangular-shaped, a little less developed compared to A. lucifugus and A. xambioa n. sp. (Ec. Pr, Fig. 50); ectophallic fold well sclerotized, lateral border slightly towards outside (Ec. F, Fig. 47). Endophallus: endophallic sclerite slightly less sclerotized (End. Sc, Fig. 26). Female (Figs 65 – 71, ISLA 64165). Same coloration as holotype (Fig. 65), body size bigger than the holotype (11.382 mm); small wings triangular-shaped (Fig. 65); supra-anal plate darkened and with white spots, trapezoidalshaped, with two small lateral projections, rounded at apex, with long apical bristles (Figs 67 and 68); subgenital plate light brown, short, V-shaped (Figs 66 and 67); ovipositor elongated and thin (5.255 mm), size proportional to tibia III, sword format at apex (Figs 65 – 67 and 69 – 71). Copulatory Papilla (Fig. 51: a, b and c, ISLA 64165): well sclerotized, circular-shaped (similar to A. lucifugus), with an extensive opening, in the half moon shape, reaching more than 2 / 3 of the structure in dorsal view (Fig. 51 c); lateral face sclerotized (similar to A. lucifugus) (Fig. 51 b), apex slightly concave, with a ventral indentation followed by a less sclerotized region (in white), base with a large membranous opening half moon shape in ventral view (Fig. 51 a). Ecological Remarks Since the specimens of Adelosgryllus megapterus n. sp. were not collected by any of the authors of this study, there is no information regarding its habitat preferences. However, as for other species herein described, despite the fact that the species was only found inside a cave, it does not exhibit any troglomorphic traits, thus not being a caverestricted species. Accordingly, it is likely that the species’ distribution is much wider than currently known.	en	Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant’Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2022): Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats. Zootaxa 5133 (1): 83-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4
635AA5139506AD52FF17F9BFFEDFF882.taxon	description	(Figures 72 – 76, 77 – 84, 85 – 87, 88 – 89, 90 – 96, 97 – 101, Table 1)	en	Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant’Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2022): Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats. Zootaxa 5133 (1): 83-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4
635AA5139506AD52FF17F9BFFEDFF882.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♂, code ISLA 66155, Brazil, Minas Gerais state, municipality of Pains, endogenous habitat near the Santuário cave (20 º 25 ’ 8.640 ” S; 45 º 46 ’ 21.790 ” W), 24. iv. 2021 – 25. v. 2021, Ferreira R. L. leg. Holotype condition: right tegmen and legs detached, and maintained in holotype tube. Paratypes, 1 ♀♀, 26. v. 2021 – 25. vi. 2021 (ISLA 66156), Ferreira R. L. leg., same locality of holotype.	en	Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant’Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2022): Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats. Zootaxa 5133 (1): 83-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4
635AA5139506AD52FF17F9BFFEDFF882.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only to the sampled area, near the Santuário cave (20 º 25 ’ 8.640 ” S; 45 º 46 ’ 21.790 ” W), Pains municipality, Minas Gerais state, Brazil.	en	Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant’Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2022): Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats. Zootaxa 5133 (1): 83-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4
635AA5139506AD52FF17F9BFFEDFF882.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the specimen's association with soil interstitials. From the Latin “ endogeus ”, endo = within, geus = origin.	en	Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant’Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2022): Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats. Zootaxa 5133 (1): 83-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4
635AA5139506AD52FF17F9BFFEDFF882.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Combination of the following characteristics: pseudepiphallic paramere 1 oval shaped, sclerotized with proximal region (connected to ectophallic projection) concave (Ps. P 1, Fig. 73); paramere 2 lightly curved and uniformly sharpened (Ps. P 2, Figs 75 and 76); ectophallic projection strongly sclerotized and dilated in its proximal region (connected to Ps. P 1) (Ec. Pr, Fig. 73); ectophallic fold well sclerotized and C-shaped, lateral edges facing horizontally forward (in ventral view) (Ec. F, Fig. 73); endophallus less sclerotized, circular and vertically elongated (similar to A. cruscastaneus) (End. Sc, Fig. 73).	en	Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant’Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2022): Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats. Zootaxa 5133 (1): 83-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4
635AA5139506AD52FF17F9BFFEDFF882.taxon	description	Description, male holotype. Similar to A. ferratilis n. sp. with the following differences: body dark brown, with very darkened regions and head dark orange, possibly there was less discoloration in this species, because a priori it was collected in formalin, later fixed in ethanol 70 % (Figs 77 – 84); occiput region is slightly darkened behind the eyes (Figs 77 and 78), compound eyes less unpigmented in upper region near the scape insertion (Figs 77 and 78); pronotum darkened, with a vertical band slightly whitish, without horizontal band (Fig. 79); tergites darkened (Fig. 80). Right tegmen: dark brown, very sclerotic, covering the first six abdominal tergites (Fig. 80). Lateral field (in lateral view, Fig. 89): subcostal (SC) and radial (R) veins with poorly marked irregular veins, medial (M) and radial (R) veins connected to each other by poorly marked irregular veins. Field (in ventral view, Fig. 88): harp with a median-longitudinal vein (L) fusing the first proximal cross vein (Hcv), with reticular veins in the first three distal cells; mirror with a narrower proximal part of triangular shape and reticular veins in all cells, one crossed vein (Mcv), broken distal and proximal portion; subgenital plate extremely darkened, elongated, pubescent in all marginal extension, rounded at apex (Figs 82 and 83); subgenital plate extremely darkened (Figs 35 – 37); stridulatory file with 81 teeth. Observations in Paratypes. Male phallic sclerites: similar to A. similis Zefa & Corrêa 2018, with the following differences: Pseudepiphallic: pseudepiphallic median lophy narrow claviform, developed and acuminate at apex (Ps. m. l, Figs 72, 74 – 76); parameres 1 and 2 connected, forming a lenticular structure, paramere 1 with more uniform sclerotization, with a more concave proximal region (connected to the ectophallic projection), paramere 2 is more sclerotized and more straight vertically (Figs 74 – 76); rami broken, well sclerotized in base and apparently similar to A. similis (R, Figs 72 and 73). Ectophallic invagination: apex of the ectophallic apodeme broken, medial portion well sclerotized, apparently similar to A. similis (Ect. Ap, Figs 72 and 73); posterior projections well sclerotized, lenticular shape, apex rounded at tip, membranous and dilated (Ec. Pr. Figs 73, 74 and 76); ectophallic fold well sclerotized, U-shaped, upper extremities more elongated than A. similis (Ec. F, Fig. 73). Endophallus: rectangularshaped rounded and vertically elongated, but narrow and elongated than A. cruscastaneus (End. Sc, Fig. 73). Female (Figs 90 – 96, ISLA 66156). Body of same coloration to holotype, head more dark orange than males (Fig. 90), body size bigger than the holotype (9.272 mm); small wings triangular-shaped (Fig. 90); supra-anal plate darkened, trapezoidal-shaped, with two small lateral projections, rounded at apex, with long apical bristles (Figs 92 and 93); subgenital plate darkened, short, V-shaped (Figs 91 and 92); ovipositor well sclerotized, elongated and thin (3.970 mm), size proportional to tibia III, sword format at apex (Figs 90 – 92 and 94 – 96). Copulatory Papilla. lost during clarification procedure in potassium hydroxide (KOH). Ecological Remarks Specimens of Adelosgryllus endogeus n. sp. were found in Pains municipality, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The individuals were sampled by a set of subterranean traps buried in the soil, installed to collect surface subterranean fauna. These traps consist of plastic pots interconnected by a central rod (Fig. 100) and introduced into PVC pipes with perforations every 10 cm. Each set of perforations in the pipes allow only the organisms from each stratum to fall into each pot, as each pot is internally coupled to the pipe in order to prevent access to the other levels. At each sampling point, three sets of traps were installed (Fig. 99), totaling thirty collection pots per point (three pots at each level, starting at 5 cm and along the area, always in places close to cave entrances. The traps were inspected monthly, when the contents (4 % formalin containing the collected invertebrates) were removed and replaced. Along the 12 months of the project, 2,160 samples of different depth were obtained. Even with this sampling effort, only two specimens of A. endogeus n. sp. were collected, both at the same point (Figs 97 and 98). The holotype (male) was the first to be collected, between April and May 2021. As the traps remained in the field for about a month, it is not possible to determine the exact date of collection. The female was sampled in the next interval, in the exact location of the male. Both specimens were trapped at 45 cm deep in the soil (Figs 101 and 102). It is interesting noting that although many caves in the area have been sampled along the last is important karstic province years, specimens of A. endogeus n. sp. were never observed, thus suggesting that they might be preferably associated to soil interstitials. The reduced size of this species (which is smaller than all the congeners) corroborate this hypothesis, although it is also important to conduct samplings in other epigean substrates in the area in order to determine the distribution of this species.	en	Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant’Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2022): Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats. Zootaxa 5133 (1): 83-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4
