identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
636787E985699F50FF2CFF5997DEA377.text	636787E985699F50FF2CFF5997DEA377.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia Krieger 1899	<div><p>Genus Neotheronia Krieger, 1899</p><p>Neotheronia Krieger 1899: 119 . Type species: Theronia tolteca Cresson, 1874, by original designation.</p><p>Synonyms:</p><p>Acrocremnus Brèthes, 1926 .</p><p>Epimecoideus Ashmead, 1900 .</p><p>References. Cresson 1874: 395 [ Theronia; 4 new species from Mexico]. Ashmead 1900a: 52 [ Epimecoideus (description)]. Krieger 1905 [revision; key to 62 Neotropical species and forms (53 described as new)]. Morley 1914: 48 [review of 55 species (1 described as new); key]. Cushman 1920: 44 [remarks on taxonomy], 44 [ Neotheronia; review of 2 species from North America; key]. Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 351 [review of 4 Nearctic species of Theronia (including 2 species of Neotheronia); key]. Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 30 [ Theronia (Neotheronia); Acrocremnus (syn.); catalogue; 57 species and subspecies in Neotropical region; 7 or 8 species and subspecies in Mexico]. Carlson 1979: 347 [catalogue; 2 species in North America]. Gauld 1991: 386 [description; review of 29 species from Costa Rica (19 described as new); key]. Gauld et al. 1998: 127 [30 species in Costa Rica (1 described as new); key]. Gauld et al. 2002: 49 [review of 12 species from El Salvador; key]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; 9 species in Mexico].</p><p>Neotheronia is a large, predominantly Neotropical genus with 76 species. Four species occur in Africa and the rest are mostly in tropical America. Only two species, N. bicincta and N. septemtrionalis (= nigrolineata), occur in the southeastern USA. Two species, N. bicincta and N. nubecula (Cresson, 1865), occur in Cuba; and N. fuscicornis (Brullé, 1846) is known only from Guadeloupe (The Caribbean). In Central America, 30 species occur in Costa Rica, and N. hastata Krieger, 1905 is known only from Panama. Brazilian species N. kohli Krieger, 1905 was mentioned from Nicaragua in the catalogue by Maes (1989), but this record requires confirmation.</p><p>Twenty four species are found to occur in Mexico, including five undescribed species, and seven are new records for the country. South American species N. cristata is excluded from the Mexican fauna, see explanations in the Remarks section under this species.</p><p>The species of Neotheronia are primary parasitoids of pupae or cocooned prepupae of various Lepidoptera, or secondary parasitoids via Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) or Tachinidae (Diptera) parasitizing primary hosts.</p><p>Key to Mexican species of Neotheronia</p><p>1. Head, in dorsal view, with a black mark extending from lateral ocellus to margin of eye (Fig. 20), AND back of head always with a strong mediodorsal notch (Fig. 20).................................................................. 2</p><p>- Head, in dorsal view, with area between lateral ocellus and margin of eye yellowish, at most slightly infuscate adjacent to ocellus. Back of head with or without a mediodorsal notch in occiput............................................ 9</p><p>2. Wings strongly tinged with orange-brown, subapically infuscate. Hind femur reddish brown. Tergites 1–2(or 3) anteriorly brown or black, posteriorly yellow, following tergites more or less uniformly reddish brown. Clypeus with rounded median transverse ridge.................................................................. N. bicincta (Cresson, 1865)</p><p>- Wings hyaline or weakly yellowish, with or without fuscous spot near apex. Hind femur usually bright yellow. Metasoma with colour pattern not as above. Clypeus without transverse ridge, more or less flat.................................... 3</p><p>3. Flagellum basally blackish, centrally yellowish or brownish, and usually more or less darkened apically. Scutellum posteriorly usually black marked (Fig. 39). Head with posterior transverse blackish band on vertex (as in Figs 5 and 20). Scutellum with lateral longitudinal carinae only present on extreme anterior end. Mesopleuron yellow with anterior and posteroventral margins black marked. Hind tarsus more or less entirely yellow or brownish yellow, sometimes with apical tarsomere slightly infuscate. Ovipositor 2.2–2.5× as long as hind tibia, slightly upcurved.................................................... 4</p><p>- Flagellum with most proximal part brown, distally infuscate, or flagellum is entirely black. Other characters varied....... 5</p><p>4. Propodeum with anterior margin, transverse mark immediately before transverse carina and median longitudinal mark extending from insertion of metasoma towards transverse carina black (Fig. 39). Upper tooth of mandible slightly shorter than lower tooth; teeth sharp, not unusually broad (Fig. 38). Propodeum with median and lateral longitudinal carinae present (though sometimes incomplete) in front of transverse carina (Fig. 39)..................................... 19. N. rosai Gauld</p><p>- Propodeum with anterior margin and dorsal inverted U-shaped mark black. Upper tooth of mandible as long as lower tooth; teeth broad and somewhat blunt. Propodeum with median and lateral longitudinal carinae absent in front of transverse carina.................................................................................. 3. N. bostrandae Gauld</p><p>5. Lateral longitudinal carinae of propodeum present in front of transverse carina, but generally not completely enclosing area spiracularis (Figs 31, 32); median longitudinal carinae usually complete in front of the transverse carina (Figs 31, 32), rarely (especially in small specimens) weak or incomplete. Propodeum usually with a median longitudinal black mark extending from insertion of metasoma to transverse carina (Fig. 32), but sometimes only slightly blackish or brownish posteriorly (Fig. 31). 6</p><p>- Lateral longitudinal carinae of propodeum completely absent in front of transverse carina (Figs 21, 22); median longitudinal carinae usually completely absent. Flagellum usually entirely black. Propodeum variously coloured, if posterior longitudinal black mark present, then it is large and triangular (Fig. 21)..................................................... 7</p><p>6. Scutellum entirely yellow. Hind tarsus orange with distal tarsomere blackish. Flagellum dorsally with most proximal part brown, distally infuscate. Ovipositor projecting beyond margin of subgenital plate by about 1.5× length of hind tibia; apex of upper valve smooth....................................................................... 11. N. lineata (F.)</p><p>- Scutellum posteriorly black marked. Hind tarsus entirely black. Flagellum (in Mexican specimen) dorsally entirely black. Ovipositor shorter, projecting beyond margin of subgenital plate by about length of hind tibia; apex of upper valve on its lateral sides bearing several weak transverse ridges............................................ 8. N. hespenheidei Gauld</p><p>7. Fore wing with pterostigma black. Hind tarsus extensively blackish, narrowly yellowish basally. Flagellum black. Propodeum with distinct subtriangular median black mark extending from insertion of metasoma to transverse carina, without any longitudinal carinae in front of transverse carina (Fig. 21). Mesopleuron entirely yellow............ 1. N. altacima sp. nov.</p><p>- Fore wing with pterostigma pale brown or yellowish. Hind tarsus entirely yellow or yellowish orange, sometimes with only apical segment blackish (Fig. 23). Flagellum sometimes extensively brown. Propodeum without subtriangular median black mark posteriorly, but sometimes with a transverse black mark along anterior margin of transverse carina (Fig. 40), with median longitudinal carinae in front of transverse carina often more or less developed. Mesopleuron with or without black marks... 8</p><p>8. Mesopleuron entirely yellow. Propodeum entirely yellow, groove in front of propodeum sometimes black (Fig. 22). Legs bright yellow, without brownish or black marks on coxae and femora, hind tarsus with distal tarsomere blackish (Fig. 23). Wings rather strongly infumate with yellow-brown. Flagellum, in dorsal view, entirely black................ 2. N. bonita sp. nov.</p><p>- Mesopleuron yellow with black markings on anterior and posterior margins. Propodeum yellow with anterior margin black and a transverse black mark along anterior margin of transverse carina (Fig. 40). Legs yellow to orange, with brownish or black dorsal stripes on hind coxa and on internal surface of hind femur; hind tarsus often entirely yellow or orange, rarely with tarsomere 5 more or less infuscate. Wings weakly yellowish. Flagellum, in dorsal view, usually more or less brownish..................................................................................... 20. N. tacubaya (Cresson)</p><p>9. Mandible very strongly tapered so distal apex is barely wider than malar space (Fig. 27). Clypeus unusually small (Fig. 27) 10</p><p>- Mandible weakly to moderately tapered so distal apex is at least twice as wide as malar space (Figs 38, 41). Clypeus larger (Figs 38, 41)............................................................................................. 11</p><p>10. Propodeum and metasoma entirely yellow, without black markings. Subalar prominence weakly convex (Fig. 29). Epomia reduced, only the upper subvertical part discernible, the part parallel with pronotal margin absent (Fig. 28). Female: Tergite 1 with lateromedian longitudinal carinae extending back almost to, or beyond the level of spiracles. Ovipositor slightly upcurved, long, projecting beyond margin of subgenital plate by 1.4–1.5× length of hind tibia. Male: Posterior end of metasoma subcylindrical. Subgenital plate elongate. Propodeum without any trace of vestiges of median longitudinal carinae anteriorly.............................................................................. 16. N. montezuma (Cresson)</p><p>- Anterior margin of propodeum blackish, metasomal tegites 2+ with blackish transverse subbasal bands. Subalar prominence in the form of a sharp ridge (Fig. 26). Epomia with a distinct lower part which is parallel to pronotal margin (Fig. 25). Female: Tergite 1 with lateromedian longitudinal carinae present only anteriorly as vestiges. Ovipositor slightly decurved, shorter, projecting beyond margin of subgenital plate by 0.9–1.0× length of hind tibia. Male: Posterior end of metasoma somewhat depressed. Subgenital plate slightly transverse. Propodeum with tubercles anteriorly which represent vestiges of median longitudinal carinae................................................................... 10. N. jugaldei Gauld</p><p>11. Clypeus with distinct median transverse ridge (Fig. 18). Tergite 2 of metasoma with clearly delineated, elliptical gastroceli. Sternite 1 with a strongy developed medioventral keel anteriorly............................................... 12</p><p>- Clypeus centrally more or less flat (rarely transversely creased in abnormal specimens). Tergite 2 of metasoma with weak to strong oval gastroceli. Sternite 1 without or with weak medioventral keel anteriorly................................ 14</p><p>12. Pterostigma translucent brownish yellow. Tergite 1 stout, 1.4–1.6× as long as posteriorly broad. Female with ovipositor projecting beyond apex of subgenital plate by 1.8–1.9× length of hind tibia....................... 7. N. donovani Gauld</p><p>- Pterostigma dark brown to brownihs black. Tergite 1 slender, 1.9–2.3× as long as posteriorly broad. Female with ovipositor projecting beyond apex of subgenital plate by 1.4–1.7× length of hind tibia...................................... 13</p><p>13. Hind leg yellow, tarsus pale basally and black apically, often only apical tarsomere black........... 6. N. concolor Krieger</p><p>- Hind leg yellow with both trochanters, apical 0.2 of femur and entire tarsus black (Fig. 19)......... 24. N. zaldivari sp. nov.</p><p>14. Back of head without a mediodorsal notch in occiput (Fig. 37)................................................ 15</p><p>- Back of head with a strong mediodorsal notch in occiput (as in Fig. 20)......................................... 16</p><p>15. Propodeum anteriorly usually brownish or blackish marked. Metasoma orange with anteromedian transverse bands on tergites 2 and 3 usually brown to black, but sometimes (especially in small specimens) body is entirely orange without any dark markings. Hind tarsus orange, at most only one or two apical tarsomeres infuscate. Ovipositor projecting beyond apex of subgenital plate by 1.4–1.8× length of hind tibia....................................................... 15. N. mellosa (Cresson)</p><p>- Propodeum entirely orange-brown. Metasoma unicolorously orange-brown. Hind tarsus more or less entirely black or dark reddish brown. Ovipositor shorter, projecting beyond apex of subgenital plate by 1.2–1.4× length of hind tibia........................................................................................ 5. N. chiriquensis (Cameron)</p><p>16. Mid tarsus mostly or entirely black. Hind leg with apex of coxa, apical third of femur and tarsus black (Figs 6, 17)....... 17</p><p>- All legs yellow to orange, only hind tarsus partly or entirely black or blackish.................................... 18</p><p>17. Hind leg with trochanters and tibia entirely yellow (Fig. 17). Ovipositor short, not projecting beyond apex of metasoma (Fig. 16)................................................................................ 9. N. juanitae sp. nov.</p><p>- Hind leg with trochanters and base and apex of tibia black (Fig. 6). Ovipositor projecting beyond hind margin of subgenital plate by 1.1× length of hind tibia (Fig. 6).................................................. 21. N. tequila sp. nov.</p><p>18. Propodeum with median longitudinal carinae strong, extending from anterior margin back to transverse carina (Fig. 24). Propodeum and metasoma entirely orange................................................................. 19</p><p>- Propodeum with median longitudinal carinae completely absent or represented by short tubercles anteriorly (Fig. 35); lateral longitudinal carina completely absent anteriorly, present or absent posteriorly. Propodeum and metasoma sometimes black marked............................................................................................ 21</p><p>19. First tergite with lateromedian longitudinal carinae completely absent. Female with ovipositor long, projecting beyond hind margin of subgenital plate by 1.7–2.1× length of hind tibia.................................... 17. N. murilloi Gauld</p><p>- First tergite with lateromedian longitudinal carinae well developed at least basally. Female with ovipositor very short, not projecting beyond hind end of metasoma.................................................................. 20</p><p>20. First tergite with lateromedian longitudinal carinae very strong, reaching almost to hind margin of tergite, and for their posterior 0.4 parallel and very close to each other, separated by less than thickness of flagellum. Second tergite with very broad, large gastrocoeli, which are separated medially by a ridge which is narrower than 0.3 of the width of either gastrocoelus. Notauli very strongly impressed...................................................................... 13. N. lloydi Gauld</p><p>- First tergite with lateromedian longitudinal carinae present only anteriorly, not reaching beyond level of spiracles. Second tergite with gastrocoeli moderately impressed, medially separated by more than 0.5 of width of gastrocoelus. Notauli weakly impressed............................................................................. 4. N. charli Gauld</p><p>21. Face strongly protuberant below antennal insertion, and with a deep furrow extending between and below antennal bases. Female with ovipositor very short, barely projecting beyond apex of metasoma (Fig. 36)............................ 22</p><p>- Face not especially protuberant below antennal insertion. Female with ovipositor long, distinctly projecting beyond apex of metasoma.......................................................................................... 23</p><p>22. Propodeum with lateral longitudinal carinae posteriorly (behind transverse carina) present. Body generally orange, mesosoma and metasoma without black markings...................................................... 12. N. lizzae Gauld</p><p>- Propodeum with longitudinal carinae completely absent (Fig. 35). Body yellow with black mark on occiput dorsally (Fig. 33), stripe on posterior lower margin of mesopleuron, anterior margin of propodeum and subbasal transverse bands on tergites 1–6 (Fig. 36)...................................................................... 23. N. veracruzana Khalaim</p><p>23. Metasoma uniformly brownish orange, without conspicuous black banding. Propodeum uniformly orange-brown........................................................................................... 22. N. tolteca (Cresson)</p><p>- Metasoma yellow with conspicuous anteromedial transverse black bands on all tergites. Propodeum anteriorly black marked............................................................................... 18. N. nigrolineata (Brullé)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E985699F50FF2CFF5997DEA377	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856F9F51FF2CFBF691A3A383.text	636787E9856F9F51FF2CFBF691A3A383.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia altacima Khalaim & Ruiz-Cancino 2021	<div><p>1. Neotheronia altacima Khalaim &amp; Ruíz-Cancino, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 20, 21)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype female (UAT), Mexico, Tamaulipas, Gómez Farías, Alta Cimas, 900 m, Malaise trap, 2–9.ix.2000, coll. D.R. Kasparyan.</p><p>Paratypes. MEXICO. Tamaulipas: 2 ♀ (UAT) same locality and trap as holotype, 24.iv–1.v, 31.vii–7.viii.1999, coll. S. Hernández A. 1 ♂ (UAT) same locality, 1.xi.1990, coll. E. Ruíz C. 1 ♂ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Los Cedros, same trap and collector, 13–20.ii.1999 . 2 ♂ (ZISP) Gómez Farías, Los Cedros, 300 m, Malaise trap, 13.iii.2003, coll. D.R. Kasparyan. 1 ♀ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Canindo, Trampas de agua, 5–7.x.1994, coll. M. Lavin. 1 ♀ (UAT) Cd. Victoria, Cañon Libertad, 400 m, bosque de pino y encino, 12.i.1988, coll. F. Meza V.</p><p>Description. Female. Fore wing length 10.4 mm.</p><p>Mandible moderately long, weakly tapered, more or less equally bidentate. Clypeus in anterior view 2.6× as long as wide, in lower half somewhat impressed, with lower margin somewhat concave, without median transverse ridge. Face 1.3× as broad as long, weakly convex. Lateral ocellus separated from eye by 1.5× its own maximum diameter. Occipital carina mediodorsally rather strongly dipped (Fig. 20). Occiput with mediodorsal notch (Fig. 20).</p><p>Pronotum with upper end of epomia strong, half as long as basal mandibular width; lower portion of epomia (that parallel with the anterior margin of the pronotum) distinct. Notauli anteriorly impressed. Subalar prominence rather angularly convex. Epicnemial carina strongly concave above lower corner, with upper end far from anterior margin of mesopleuron. Scutellum, in profile, weakly convex, laterally carinate on anterior 0.2. Submetapleural carina strongly raised, broadened anteriorly. Pleural carina complete, weakly bowed, thin. Propodeum in profile moderately long, abruptly declivous posteriorly; transverse carina near the centre, mediodorsally strong; median longitudinal carinae absent, only discernible as tubercles anteriorly; lateral longitudinal carinae absent in front of transverse carina and present behind transverse carina (Fig. 21). Flange on hind margin of propodeum strongly raised laterally and moderately raised dorsally.</p><p>Fore wing with areolet moderately large, emitting vein 2m-cu well distal to centre, with upper corner slightly truncated. Hind leg with outer surface of tibia bearing very fine scattered bristles. Third segment of hind tarsus about 2.5× as long as broad.</p><p>Metasoma with first tergite 2.2× as long as posteriorly broad, lateromedian longitudinal carinae present only anteriorly, but with a slightly angulate ridge extending back to about level of spiracle. First tergite, in profile, dorsally abruptly rounded in basal 0.4. Second tergite with gastroceli moderately large, oval, separated medially by a distance which is somewhat longer than gastroceli broad. Ovipositor straight, subcylindrical, projecting beyond hind margin of subgenital plate by 1.55× length of hind tibia; apex of lower valve with 7 oblique teeth, apex of upper valve smooth.</p><p>A generally yellow species with black markings. Head yellow; teeth of mandible black; stripe from lateral ocellus to eye and hind margin of vertex blackish (Fig. 20). Antenna black; scape and pedicel ventrally yellow. Mesosoma yellow. Pronotum with black stripe along hind margin on its upper 0.6. Mesoscutum with three longitudinal blackish stripes. Scutoscutellar groove black. Propodeum with anterior margin narrowly black, and with median subtriangular stripe extending from hind margin of propodeum to transverse carina (Fig. 21). Tegula yellow. Wings slightly infumate; forewing with a vaguely defined brownish spot near distal end of marginal cell. Pterostigma black with small whitish spot basally. Legs yellow; hind tarsus mostly black, yellowish basally. First tergite brownish or black marked subbasally. Tergites 2 and 3 with transverse subproximal black band. Tergites 4–7 with transverse median black spot anteriorly. Ovipositor sheath blackish.</p><p>Male. Similar to female.</p><p>Variation. Some specimens have areas of black coloration partly reduced or paler, but important diagnostical characters of coloration used in the key and diagnosis are always distinct.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after the locality Alta Cimas where the holotype and several paratype specimens were collected.</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas).</p><p>Comparison. The new species belongs to the lineata species-group by having a black stripe joining the lateral ocellus to the eye, and a strong median notch in the occiput. It is similar to N. lineata and N. tacubaya, but distinct in having black pterostigma and flagellum, entirely yellow mesopleuron without black markings, and hind tarsus extensively blackish (more or less entirely yellow in two other species). It also differs from N. lineata by the propodeum without lateral and median longitudinal carinae in front of transverse carina, and from N. tacubaya by the propodeum with subtriangular median black mark extending from insertion of metasoma to transverse carina, without a transverse black mark along anterior margin of transverse carina.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E9856F9F51FF2CFBF691A3A383	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856E9F51FF2CFABC9674A138.text	636787E9856E9F51FF2CFABC9674A138.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia bicincta (Cresson 1865)	<div><p>Neotheronia bicincta (Cresson, 1865)</p><p>Material examined. USA. Florida: 1 ♀ (FSCA) Alachua Co., Gainesville, Doyle Conner Building, 24.iii.1989, coll. C. Porter (det. C. Porter) . 1 ♂ (FSCA) same data, but 30.v.1989 (det. C. Porter) .</p><p>Distribution. Southeastern USA (Georgia, Florida), Cuba, Puerto Rico (Morley 1914: 57; Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 360; Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 31; Gauld 1991: 408).</p><p>Biology. Reared from cocoons of Tromatobia rufopectus (Cresson) ( Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) in the egg sac of Argiope aurantia Lucas (Araneidae) in Florida, USA (Townes &amp; Townes 1960).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E9856E9F51FF2CFABC9674A138	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856E9F53FF2CF8889343A50B.text	636787E9856E9F53FF2CF8889343A50B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia bonita Khalaim & Ruiz-Cancino 2021	<div><p>2. Neotheronia bonita Khalaim &amp; Ruíz-Cancino, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 22, 23)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype female (UAT), Mexico, Jalisco, 8 km S of Tequila, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.85167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.8379" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.85167/lat 20.8379)">Volcán de Tequila</a>, 20°50.274’N, 103°51.1’W, 1500 m, 5.ii.2009, coll. A.I. Khalaim.</p><p>Paratypes. MEXICO. Sinaloa: 1 ♀ (AEIC) 50 mi NE of Mazatlán, 9.ix.1970, coll. W.J. Hanson &amp; T.L. Whitworth. Nayarit: 1 ♀ (AEIC) Tepic, 15.ix.1970, coll. G.E. &amp; R.M. Bohart. Jalisco : 1 ♀ (TAMU) 16 km N of Autlán [de Navarro], 31.vii–2.viii.1978, coll. Plitt &amp; Schaffner. 1 ♀ (UANL) [S of] Tequila, Volcán de Tequila, 1850 m, 26.v.1997, coll. M. Vásquez. 1 ♀ (UANL) Autlán, Puerto loy Mazoy, bosque mesóhlo, 26.iii.1994, coll. H. Fierrog. 2 ♀, 7 ♂ (UAT) La Huerta, Biological Station Chamela, 600 m, Malaise trap, 15–20.vii.1999, coll. M.A. Sarmiento. 1 ♀ (UAT) same data, but 8–13.ix.1999 . 1 ♀, 3 ♂ (3 ♂ in UAT, 1 ♀ in ZISP) same data, but altitude 300– 400 m, 15–20.vii, 14–18.viii.1999 . 1 ♂ (UAT) same data, but altitude 1400 m, 8–13.ix.1999 . 1 ♂ (ZISP) same data, but 7–11.x.1999 . 1 ♀ (UNAM) Biological Station Chamela, 27.viii.1990. coll. C. Mayorga, A. Cadena &amp; J. Martinez. 1 ♂ (UNAM) Biological Station Chamela, camino Calandria, 19.504496°, W 105.03770°, 52 m, 4.ix.2009, coll. H. Clebsch &amp; A. Zaldívar R. Hidalgo : 1 ♀ (UNAM) <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.51667/lat 20.1)">Huasca de Ocampo</a>, Rancho Santa Elena, Hueyapan River, 20°06’N, 98°31’W, 2330–2535 m, Malaise trap, 22.ix.2010, coll. A. Contreras et al. Morelos: 1 ♀ (CIUM) Cuautla, 25.i.1992, coll. J. Flores . 1 ♂ (CIUM) <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.93534&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.5476" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.93534/lat 18.5476)">Tepalzingo</a>, El Limón de Cuauchichinola, 18.5476°N, 98.93534°W, 1358 m, 15.x.2010, coll. V.H. Toledo. 2 ♀ (UAT) <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.09861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.9975" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.09861/lat 18.9975)">Tepoztlán</a>, 18°59’51”N, 99°05’55”W, 1490 m, 5.iii.2010, coll. E. Ruíz C. 1 ♀ (ZISP) same data, but coll. A.E. Humala. 1 ♀ (UAT) Cuernavaca University, botanical garden, 1900 m, 2.iii.2010, coll. A.E. Humala. 1 ♀ (CIUM) <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.21123&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.44792" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.21123/lat 18.44792)">Tlaquiltenango</a>, old path to Quetzalapa, Coaxitlán, 18.44792°N, 99.21123°W, 920 m, 3.vii.2011, coll. V. Rendon. 1 ♂ (CIUM) 12 km S of Tlaquiltenango, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.16873&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.45786" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.16873/lat 18.45786)">Coaxitlán</a>, 18.45786°N, 99.16873°W, 795 m, 29.viii.2011, coll. A.G. Torres. Guerrero : 1 ♀ (UNAM) Cacahuamilpa, 1100–1200 m, 28–29.vii.1956, coll. C. Bolivar &amp; D. Pelaez. Puebla : 1 ♀ (CIUM) Chietla, 5.x.1990, coll. G. Peña. 1 ♀ (CIUM) W of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.96384&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.33449" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.96384/lat 18.33449)">Jolalpan</a>, Rancho El Salado, 18.33449°N, 98.96384°W, 975 m, 28.vii.2011, coll. K. Flores . 1 ♂ (CIUM) 7 km SW of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.80902&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.44158" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.80902/lat 18.44158)">Teotlalco</a>, 18.44158°N, 98.80902°W, 1010 m, 3.ix.2010, coll. V.H. Toledo. Oaxaca : 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (IPN) Cuilapam, Nogal, Malaise trap, 26.iii.2005, coll. J.M. Maldonado.</p><p>Description. Female. Fore wing length 9.7 mm.</p><p>Mandible moderately long, weakly tapered, more or less equally bidentate. Clypeus in anterior view 2.4× as long as wide, in lower half somewhat impressed, with lower margin very slightly concave, without median transverse ridge. Face 1.35× as broad as long, weakly convex. Lateral ocellus separated from eye by 1.8× its own maximum diameter. Occipital carina mediodorsally rather strongly dipped. Occiput with mediodorsal notch.</p><p>Pronotum with upper end of epomia short and moderately strong, 0.3× as long as basal mandibular width; lower portion of epomia virtually absent. Notauli anteriorly impressed. Subalar prominence roundly convex. Epicnemial carina weakly concave above lower corner, with upper end far from anterior margin of mesopleuron, reaching to about level of lower corner of pronotum. Scutellum, in profile, weakly convex, laterally carinate on anterior 0.2. Submetapleural carina raised, broadened anteriorly. Pleural carina complete, weak, slightly bowed. Propodeum in profile moderately long, abruptly declivous posteriorly; transverse carina near the centre, mediodorsally rather strong, laterally evanescent; median longitudinal carinae absent, only discernible as tubercles anteriorly; lateral longitudinal carinae absent (Fig. 22). Flange on hind margin of propodeum strongly raised laterally and rather weak dorsally.</p><p>Fore wing with areolet moderately large, emitting vein 2m-cu well distal to centre, with upper corner pointed. Hind leg with outer surface of tibia bearing 8–10 brownish bristles. Third segment of hind tarsus about 2.3× as long as broad.</p><p>Metasoma with first tergite 2.0× as long as posteriorly broad, lateromedian longitudinal carinae present only anteriorly, but with a slightly angulate ridge extending back to about level of spiracle. First tergite, in profile, dorsally evenly rounded in apical 0.6. Second tergite with gastroceli moderately large, not clearly delineated. Ovipositor straight, subcylindrical, projecting beyond hind margin of subgenital plate by 1.8× length of hind tibia; apex of lower valve with 6–7 distinct oblique teeth, apex of upper valve smooth.</p><p>A generally yellow species with few blackish and brownish markings. Head yellow; teeth of mandible black; stripe from lateral ocellus to eye blackish, hind margin of vertex weakly brownish. Antenna black; scape and pedicel ventrally yellow. Mesosoma yellow. Pronotum with narrow black stripe along hind margin on its upper half. Mesoscutum with three longitudinal brown stripes. Scutoscutellar groove black. Propodeum with anterior margin very narrowly blackish. Tegula yellow with pale brown mark extero-posteriorly. Wings distinctly infumate with yellow-brown; fore wing somewhat stronger infumate near distal end of marginal cell. Pterostigma pale yellowbrown. Legs yellow; hind tarsus with distal tarsomere blackish (Fig. 23). First tergite more or less brownish marked centrally. Tergites 2 and 3 with transverse subproximal brownish band. Tergite 4 with transverse brownish band anteriorly, tergites 4+ with this band very pale, vanishing. Ovipositor sheath mostly fuscous, yellowish basally.</p><p>Male. Similar to female, but with lateral longitudinal carinae often partly or completely developed behind transverse carina.</p><p>Variation. Some specimens have areas of black coloration reduced or pale. Basal flagellomeres of antenna often brownish ventrally. Propodeum sometimes with median longitudinal carinae more or less distinct anteriorly, and lateral longitudinal carinae behind transverse carina complete or partly developed. Groove between propodeum and postscutellum sometimes yellow.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after the Spanish bonita (beautiful, graceful).</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Sinaloa, Nayarit, Jalisco, Hidalgo, Morelos, Guerrero, Puebla, Oaxaca).</p><p>Comparison. The new species belongs to the lineata species-group by having a black stripe joining the lateral ocellus to the eye and a strong median notch in the occiput. Neotheronia bonita sp. nov. differs from N. tacubaya by the mesopleuron entirely yellow, propodeum without transverse black mark along anterior margin of transverse carina, flagellum black, and legs yellow, without brown or black marks on coxae and femora, but with the tarsomere 5 of hind tarsus blackish (Fig. 23). Additionally, in N. bonita sp. nov. propodeum is with median and lateral longitudinal carinae nearly completely absent (Fig. 22), while in N. tacubaya these carinae are partly developed (Fig. 40).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E9856E9F53FF2CF8889343A50B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856C9F53FF2CFD3492B6A329.text	636787E9856C9F53FF2CFD3492B6A329.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia bostrandae Gauld 1991	<div><p>3. Neotheronia bostrandae Gauld, 1991</p><p>Neotheronia bostrandae Gauld 1991: 408 [holotype ♀ (INBio), Costa Rica, Guanacaste Prov., Guanacaste National Park, Sector Santa Rosa, 300 m, viii–xii.1984, coll. D. Janzen; ♀ ♂].</p><p>References. Gauld et al. 1998: 129 [in key; Costa Rica]. Gauld et al. 2002: 72 [El Salvador].</p><p>Material examined. MEXICO. San Luis Potosí: 2 ♀ (UAT) N of Xilitla, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.99277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.394733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.99277/lat 21.394733)">Las Pozas</a>, 21°23.684’N, 98°59.566’W, 570 m, 19.xi.2011, coll. A.I. Khalaim &amp; E. Ruíz C. Veracruz: 1 ♀ (UNAM) Biological Station Los Tuxtlas, 480 m, 2.vi.1986, coll. A. Ibarra. Oaxaca: 1 ♀ (EMEC) Temascal, 21.x.1963, coll. K.H. Janzen.</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, Oaxaca), El Salvador, Costa Rica. First record from Mexico.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E9856C9F53FF2CFD3492B6A329	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856C9F53FF2CFB1396BDA104.text	636787E9856C9F53FF2CFB1396BDA104.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia charli Gauld 1991	<div><p>4. Neotheronia charli Gauld, 1991</p><p>(Fig. 24)</p><p>Neotheronia charli Gauld 1991: 462 [holotype ♀ (INBio), Costa Rica, Guanacaste Prov., Guanacaste National Park, Estación Pitilla, 650 m, vi.1988, coll. I.D. Gauld &amp; P. Mitchell (examined); ♀ ♂].</p><p>References. Gauld et al. 1998: 131 [in key; Costa Rica]. Gauld et al. 2002: 72 [El Salvador].</p><p>Material examined. MEXICO. Veracruz: 1 ♀ (UNAM) San Andrés, Biological Station Los Tuxtlas, 210 m, Malaise trap, 16.vi–24.vii.2013, coll. M. Madora. 1 ♂ (UNAM) same data, but 155 m, 17.ix–15.x.2013 . Yucatán: 1 ♂ (UAT) Corral “SMSC”, vii.1999, coll. Hugo Delfin.</p><p>Variation. Specimens from Mexico have first metasomal tergite with lateromedian longitudinal carinae not exceptionally sharp, present only anteriorly and not reaching the level of spiracles.</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Veracruz, Yucatán), El Salvador, Costa Rica. First record from Mexico.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E9856C9F53FF2CFB1396BDA104	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9856C9F5CFF2CF88E9114A56D.text	636787E9856C9F5CFF2CF88E9114A56D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia chiriquensis (Cameron 1886)	<div><p>5. Neotheronia chiriquensis (Cameron, 1886)</p><p>Theronia chiriquensis Cameron 1886: 264 [♀ ♂ (NHMUK), Panama (Volcán de Chiriquí and Bugaba), Nicaragua (Chontales)].</p><p>References. Morley 1914: 55 [ Neotheronia; notes on type material; Nicaragua]. Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 35 [catalogue; syn. of Theronia (Neotheronia) nigrolineata tolteca]. Gauld 1991: 443 [lectotype ♀ (NHMUK) designated, Panama, Bugaba, 260–500 m, coll. Champion; notes on type material; description; Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama]. Gauld et al. 1998: 134 [in key; Costa Rica]. Kumagai &amp; Graf 2000: 162 [Brazil (Paraná)]. Kumagai &amp; Graf 2002: 450 [Brazil (Paraná)]. Kumagai 2002: 192 [Brazil (Minas Gerais)]. Gauld et al. 2002: 73 [El Salvador]. Tanque &amp; Frieiro-Costa 2011 [Brazil (Minas Gerais)]. González-Moreno &amp; Bordera 2012: 35 [Mexico (Yucatán)].</p><p>Material examined. MEXICO. Veracruz: 2 ♀ (UAT, ZISP) SW of Xalapa, park near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-96.93915&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.5128" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -96.93915/lat 19.5128)">Institute de Ecología</a>, 19°30.768’N, 96°56.349’W, 1260 m, 12–14.iv.2014, coll. A.I. Khalaim. 1 ♂ (ZISP) San Andrés, Biological Station Los Tuxlas, 4–8.x.2014, coll. S.A. Belokobylskij. Chiapas: 1 ♀ (AEIC) Park Lago Belgica, 14.vi.1990, coll. H. Howden. HONDURAS. 1 ♀ (TAMU) Atlántida, 13 km E of La Ceiba, 150 m, vii.1996, coll. R. Lehman.</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Veracruz, Chiapas, Yucatán), Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama, Costa Rica,?Brazil (Minas Gerais, Paraná). First record from Honduras.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E9856C9F5CFF2CF88E9114A56D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985639F5DFF2CFDDF96B8A027.text	636787E985639F5DFF2CFDDF96B8A027.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia concolor Krieger 1905	<div><p>6. Neotheronia concolor Krieger, 1905</p><p>Neotheronia lineata var. concolor Krieger 1905: 302 [♀ ♂ (ZMHB), Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)].</p><p>Synonyms:</p><p>Pimpla lineata Smith, 1879 (junior homonym of Bassus lineatus Fabricius, 1804).</p><p>Neotheronia lineata var. lateralis Krieger, 1905 (Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 32).</p><p>Neotheronia concolor taeniata Townes &amp; Townes, 1966 (new name for Pimpla lineata Smith, 1879; Gauld 1991: 434).</p><p>References. Smith 1879: 230 [ Pimpla lineata (description); Costa Rica]. Krieger 1905: 301–302 [ N. lineata Smith, N. lineata var. concolor, N. lineata var. lateralis, N. lineata var. pectoralis; Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama]. Morley 1914: 52 [ N. lineata Smith; in key; general distribution], 56 [ N. lineata Smith; remarks; Mexico (Guerrero, Tabasco), Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama]. Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 32 [catalogue; Theronia (Neotheronia) concolor concolor; lectotype ♀ (ZMHB) designated (?), Colombia; Neotheronia lineata var. lateralis (syn.)], 32 [catalogue; Th. (N.) concolor taeniata; Mexico]. Gauld 1991: 434 [description; Mexico (Guerrero, Veracruz), Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama]. Gauld et al. 1998: 132 [in key; Costa Rica]. Hernández-Aguilar et al. 1999: 36 [Mexico (Tamaulipas)]. Kumagai &amp; Graf 2000: 162 [Brazil (Paraná)]. Gauld et al. 2002: 73 [El Salvador]. Kumagai &amp; Graf 2002: 450 [Brazil (Paraná)]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; Mexico]. Hernández-Aguilar et al. 2005: 470 [Mexico (Tamaulipas)]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2010: 66 [checklist; Mexico (Tamaulipas)]. Sánchez-García et al. 2015: 827 [checklist; Mexico (Oaxaca)]. Khalaim et al. 2018: 20 [Mexico (Veracruz)].</p><p>Material examined. MEXICO. Nuevo León: 1 ♀ (UAT) 30 km SE of Monterrey, near Santiago, La Cieneguilla, 9.xi.1987, coll. E. Ruíz C. 1 ♂ (UAT) Allende, 28.i.1987, coll. M. R. Cantú. 12 ♂ (UAT) Garza García, Chipinque, 22.vii.1985, coll. E. Ruíz C. &amp; S. Arrambide. 1 ♀, 7 ♂ (UAT) same locality, 8.ix.1981, coll. E. Ruíz C. Tamaulipas: 2 ♀ (UAT) Cd. Victoria, 3.vi.1981, coll. E. Ruíz C. 1 ♀ (UAT) 17 km N of Palmillas, Ejido Magdaleno Aguilar, 23°26.995’N, 99°33.440’W, 1450 m, pine forest + juniper, Malaise trap, 12–18.vii.2012, coll. S. Mireles, E. Ruíz C. et al. 1 ♂ (UAT) same data, but 30.viii–12.ix.2012. SSW of Cd. Victoria, Rancho Santa Elena, 23º37.362’N, 99º12.746’W, 970 m, Malaise trap, 2010, coll. E. Ruíz C. &amp; A.I. Khalaim (all in UAT): 25.ix–13.x (1 ♀), 14–27.x (1 ♂), 6–24.xi (1 ♂), 25.xi–15.xii (1 ♂), 16–31.xii (1 ♀, 3 ♂), 1–18.i.2011 (1 ♂). 15 km SSW of Cd. Victoria, El Madroño, 23°36.307’N, 99°13.558’W, 1350–1450 m, coll. A.I. Khalaim (all in UAT): 26.ii.2009 (2 ♀), 2.xi.2011 (2 ♀, 1 ♂). Same locality, coll. E. Ruíz C. et al. (all in UAT): iv.1984 (1 ♀, 1 ♂), v.1984 (4 ♀, 2 ♂), vi.1984 (4 ♀, 2 ♂), vii.1984 (2 ♀, 2 ♂), viii.1984 (1 ♀), ix.1984 (1 ♂), i.1985 (1 ♀), iii.1985 (2 ♀), iv.1985 (5 ♀, 5 ♂), v.1985 (6 ♀, 11 ♂), vi.1985 (2 ♀, 4 ♂), vii.1985 (5 ♂), ix.1985 (1 ♂), 23.xii.1987 (1 ♀, 1 ♂), 20.i.2000, (28 ♀, 6 ♂), 7.ix.2011 (2 ♀, 2 ♂), 8–25.ix.2011 (1 ♂), 26.ix–5.x.2011 (3 ♂), 8–25.xi.2011 (2 ♂), 20.x–2.xi.2011 (1 ♂), 1.xii.2011 (5 ♀). 1 ♀ (UAT) Cd. Victoria, Cañon Novillo, 28.x.1985, coll. H. Serna T. Same locality, 780–1200 m, coll. R. Meza V. (all in UAT): xi.1987 (1 ♂), xii.1987 (2 ♀, 2 ♂), i.1988 (1 ♀, 1 ♂), ii.1988 (8 ♀, 1 ♂), iii.1988 (4 ♀, 6 ♂). 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (UAT) same locality, 800–900 m, iii–iv.1988, coll. J. de León. NW of Cd. Victoria, Los Troncones (park), coll. A.I. Khalaim (all in UAT): 27.ii.2009 (1 ♂), 22.xii.2009 (2 ♂), 7.x.2012 (1 ♂), 16.xii.2012 (3 ♀). Same locality, 770–1000 m, coll. R. Meza V. (all in UAT): xii.1987 (2 ♀), i.1988 (11 ♀, 2 ♂), ii.1988 (3 ♀), iii.1988 (5 ♀, 3 ♂). 1 ♂ (UAT) same locality, 1000–1120 m, iii.1988, coll. J. de León. 1 ♂ (UAT) same locality, 24.iii.1990, coll. M. Aquino S. 4 ♀, 1 ♂ (UAT) Llera, 44 km S of Cd. Victoria, matorral, Malaise trap, 28.x–25.xi.2000, coll. D. R. Kasparyan. Gómez Farías, Alta Cimas, Malaise trap, 1999, coll. S. Hernández A. (all in UAT): 24.iv–29.v (3 ♀, 2 ♂), 29.v–26.vi (2 ♀, 1 ♂), 17.vii–28.viii (2 ♀, 4 ♂). Same locality and trap, 900 m, 2000, coll. D. R. Kasparyan (all in UAT): 12–19.viii (3 ♂), 2–9.ix (1 ♀), 7–14.x (1 ♂). 1 ♀, 2 ♂ (UAT) same locality, 1–2.xi.1990, coll. E. &amp; H. Ruíz C. 1 ♂ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Los Cedros, Malaise trap, 16–23.i.1999, coll. S. Hernández A. &amp; C. A. Covarrubias D. 1 ♂ (UAT) Gómez Farías, El Cielo, 2.xi.1990, coll. H. Ruíz C. 1 ♀ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Canindo, 17.v.1993, coll. C. A. Covarrubias D. 2 ♀, 1 ♂ (UAT) same locality, Malaise trap, 20–21.vii.1994, coll. J.B. Woolley. 1 ♀ (UAT) same locality and collector, 1400 m, 28–30.vii.1993. 2 ♂ (UAT) Ocampo, 21.ii.1991, coll. E. Ruíz C. 2 ♀ (UAT) Ocampo, Joya de Manantiales, 13.v.1995, coll. C. Hernández V. &amp; H. Hernández-Martinez. Ocampo, Ejido El Bejuco, 900 m, Malaise trap, 2016, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino et al. (all in UAT): 29.iv–14.v (2 ♀), 26.vi–8.vii (1 ♂), 9–29.vii (1 ♂), 30.vii–12.viii (2 ♂), 13–26.viii (1 ♂), 27.viii–10.ix (1 ♂), 29.x–12.xi (1 ♂), 18.xii.2016 – 4.i.2017 (1 ♂). 2 ♂ (UAT) Tula, Ejido Acahuales, 1400 m, oak-forest, Malaise trap, 12–25.vi and 30.vii–12.viii.2016, coll. E. Ruíz C. et al. 1 ♀ (UAT) Palmillas, El Agucate, 1468 m, Malaise trap, 28.ii–14.iii.2016, coll. E. Ruíz C. &amp; J. M. Coronado B. San Luis Potosí: 1 ♀ (AEIC) 24 km “W.N.” Morelos, El Naranjo, 9.x.1962, coll. H. &amp; M. Townes. Nayarit: 1 ♀ (AEIC) Nayarit, near Compostela, 20.v.1983. Querétaro: 1 ♂ (UAQ) Municipio El Marquéz, Amazcala, 27.v.2016. Veracruz: 1 ♂ (UNAM) Xalapa, 27.vi.1976, coll. E. Gonzalez. 5 ♀, 3 ♂ (UAT) SW of Xalapa, park near Institute de Ecología, 19°30.768’N, 96°56.349’W, 1260 m, 17–18.ii.2009, coll. A.I. Khalaim. 32 ♀, 4 ♂ (22 ♀ and 3 ♂ in UAT, 5 ♀ and 1 ♂ in UNAM, 5 ♀ in ZISP) same data, but 12–14.iv.2014. 1 ♀, 3 ♂ (UAT) Xalapa, bosque, 26.x.1995, coll. R. Herrera &amp; M. Molina. 1 ♀ (EMEC) 10 km N of Coscomatepec, 9.vii.1974, coll. J. A. Chemsak, E. &amp; J. Linsley &amp; J. Powell. 1 ♂ (EMEC) Río Metlec, Fortín de las Flores, 2.x.1975, coll. J. Powell &amp; J. A. Chemsak. Morelos: 1 ♀ (ZISP) N of Tepoztlán, path to El Tepozteco, 1800–2000 m, 11.x.2014, coll. A.I. Khalaim. 1 ♀ (TAMU) 4.4 mi. E of Cuernavaca, 27–29.vii.1976, coll. Peigler, Gruetzmacher et al. Oaxaca: 3 ♀, 2 ♂ (IPN) Cuilapam, Nogal, Malaise trap, 26.iii.2005, coll. J. M. Maldonado. 2 ♂ (IPN) same data, but 9.iv.2005. 1 ♀ (AEIC) 85.5 km SW of Tuxtepec, Metate, 900 m, 17.x.1962, coll. H. &amp; M. Townes. 1 ♀ (TAMU) 10.8 mi. S of El Punto, 6100 ft. (= 1860 m), 19.vii.1987, coll. R. Wharton. 1 ♀ (TAMU) 10 mi. SE of [San Pedro] Totolapan, 4000 ft. (= 1220 m). 20.vii.1987, coll. R. Wharton. Chiapas: 1 ♀ (UAT) Ocosingo, Agua Azul Galeria, 4.iv.1997, coll. A. Martinez, C. A. Covarrubias D. &amp; S. Niño M. 1 ♀ (EMEC) 5 mi. S of San Carlos, 6.iii.1953, coll. R.C. Bechtel &amp; E.I. Schlinger. 1 ♀ (EMEC) Puebla Nuevo, 20.iii.1958, coll. R.C. Bechtel &amp; E.I. Schlinger. 1 ♂ (UAT) 50 km SSE of Comitán, National Park Lagos de Montebello, 16°06.223’N, 91°44.072’W, 1450 m, mixed forest with pines, 5–6.iii.2013, coll. A.I. Khalaim. 1 ♀ (AEIC) San Cristóbal [de las Casas], 2200 m, 26.v.1990, coll. H. &amp; A. Howden, B. Gill. 1 ♂ (TAMU) Parque Nacional Lagunas de Montebello, Laguna Cinco Lagos, 11.viii.1990, coll. J.C. Schaffner. 1 ♂ (TAMU) Reserva El Triunfo, 6620 ft. (= 2020 m), 14–23.vii.1997, coll. J.B. Woolley. GUATEMALA. 4 ♀ (AEIC) Fraijanes, Finca San Antonio, 1800 m, vi.1987, coll. Mauger. HONDURAS. 2 ♀, 2 ♂ (AEIC) Cerro Monserrat, 1800 m, 24–30.v.1994, coll. H. &amp; A. Hwden. 1 ♀ (AEIC) Francisco Morazán, 30 km E of Tegucigalpa, Cerro Uyuca, 1800 m, 27.v.1994, coll. H. &amp; A. Howden. 1 ♂ (FSCA) Francisco Morazán, San Antonio de Oriente, Cerro Uyuca, El Zamorano, cloud forest, Malaise trap, 27.i–14.ii.1990, coll. R. Cave. 1 ♀ (FSCA) same data, but 29.v–4.vi.1990, coll. R. Cave. 2 ♂ (FSCA) Francisco Morazán, El Zamorano, 850 m, coffee plantation, 4–7.xii.1989, coll. Gupta. 2 ♀, 1 ♂ (FSCA) Francisco Morazán, Cerro Uyuca, El Zamorano, 1800 m, cloud forest, 15.ii.1985, coll. L. Strange. 1 ♀ (FSCA) same localiy, 1900 m, 15–24.iii.1993, coll. C. Porter &amp; L. Stange. 1 ♂ (FSCA) same data, but 5000 ft. (= 1525 m), 23.iv.1993, coll. L. Strange &amp; R. Miller. COSTA RICA. 1 ♀ (UAT) San José Prov., Río Agres above San Antonio de Escazú, 1500 m, v.1988, coll. W.G. Eberhard &amp; I.D. Gauld (det. I.D. Gauld).</p><p>Remarks. Krieger (1905: 302) described N. pectoralis Krieger, 1905 as a form of N. lineata Smith from Peru. Type of this taxon is lost, and it was included as a subspecies of N. concolor by Townes (Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 32) and Yu et al. (2016), but actually taxonomical status of N. pectoralis is unclear.</p><p>Variation. Mexican specimens have hind leg with tarsus often widely yellowish basally, sometimes only the apical tarsomere is black while remaining tarsomeres are yellow.</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Nayarit, Querétaro, Veracruz, Guerrero, Morelos, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chiapas), Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil. First record from Honduras.</p><p>Biology. Reared from unidentified coocons of Lepidoptera infested also with Zonopimpla carolinae Gauld ( Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae), and probably is hyperparasitoid of this pimpline species (Gauld 1991).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E985639F5DFF2CFDDF96B8A027	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985619F5EFF2CFF11905CA549.text	636787E985619F5EFF2CFF11905CA549.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia cristata Krieger 1905	<div><p>Neotheronia cristata Krieger, 1905</p><p>Neotheronia cristata Krieger 1905: 292 [♀ ♂ (ZMHB); Peru, Colombia].</p><p>References. Morley 1914: 55 [remarks; Mexico (Veracruz, Tabasco)]. Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 33 [catalogue; Theronia (Neotheronia); lectotype ♀ (ZMHB) designated, Peru, Pozuzo at 800 m; Mexico]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; Mexico].</p><p>Remarks. Neotheronia cristata was described from South America and later recorded from Mexico by Morley (1914). After that this species was not found neither in Mexico nor in Costa Rica, two countries with pimpline faunas studied very well. Thus, the occurrence of this species in Mexico is apparently incorrect.</p><p>Distribution. Colombia, Peru.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E985619F5EFF2CFF11905CA549	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985619F5EFF2CFDF397CAA3B2.text	636787E985619F5EFF2CFDF397CAA3B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia donovani Gauld 1991	<div><p>7. Neotheronia donovani Gauld, 1991</p><p>Neotheronia donovani Gauld 1991: 437 [holotype ♀ (INBio), Costa Rica, Guanacaste Prov., Guanacaste National Park, Sector Santa Rosa, 300 m, viii–xii.1984, coll. D. Janzen (examined); ♀ ♂].</p><p>References. Gauld et al. 1998: 132 [in key; Costa Rica]. Kumagai &amp; Graf 2002: 450 [? Brazil (Paraná)]. Kumagai 2002: 192 [Brazil (Minas Gerais)].</p><p>Material examined. MEXICO. Tamaulipas: 1 ♀ (UAT) NW of Cd. Victoria, Los Troncones (park), 27.ii.2009, coll. A.I. Khalaim. Jalisco: 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (UAT) La Huerta, Biological Station Chamela, 600 m, Malaise trap, 15– 20.vii.1999, coll. M.A. Sarmiento. Veracruz: 2 ♀ (UAT, ZISP) SW of Xalapa, park near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-96.93915&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.5128" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -96.93915/lat 19.5128)">Institute de Ecología</a>, 19°30.768’N, 96°56.349’W, 1260 m, 12–14.iv.2014, coll. A.I. Khalaim. COSTA RICA. 1 ♀ (UAT) Guanacaste Prov., Guanacaste National Park, Maritza Biological Station, Volcán Orosí, 560 m, vi.1988, coll. I.D. Gauld &amp; P. Mitchell (det. I.D. Gauld) .</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas, Jalisco, Veracruz), Costa Rica,?Brazil. First record from Mexico.</p><p>Biology. Reared from Eunica monima modesta (Bates) ( Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) on Bursera simaruba (L.) ( Burseraceae) in Costa Rica; fully grown the parasitoid larva spins a loose coarsely woven cocoon within the host pupa (Gauld 1991). Probably parasitize in pupae of Syssphinx molina (Cramer) ( Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) (Gauld 1991).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E985619F5EFF2CFDF397CAA3B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985619F5EFF2CFAAC9626A1B3.text	636787E985619F5EFF2CFAAC9626A1B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia hespenheidei Gauld 1991	<div><p>8. Neotheronia hespenheidei Gauld, 1991</p><p>Neotheronia hespenheidei Gauld 1991: 410 [holotype ♀ (INBio), Costa Rica, Heredia Prov., La Selva Biological Station, 3 km S of Puerto Viejo, iv.1998, coll. H. Hespenheide; ♀ ♂].</p><p>References. Gauld et al. 1998: 130 [in key; Costa Rica], 178 [variation]. Kumagai &amp; Graf 2000: 162 [? Brazil (Paraná)]. Kumagai &amp; Graf 2002: 450 [? Brazil (Paraná)]. Tanque &amp; Frieiro-Costa 2011 [Brazil (Minas Gerais)].</p><p>Material examined. MEXICO. Veracruz: San Andrés, Biological Station Los Tuxtlas, 155–250 m, Malaise trap, coll. M. Madora (all in UNAM): 17.ix–15.x.2013 (1 ♂), i.2014 (1 ♂), 3–16.iii.2014 (1 ♀), 1–14.v.2014 (1 ♀). 1 ♀ (ZISP) same locality, 4–8.x.2014, coll. S.A. Belokobylskij. 1 ♂ (UNAM) same locality, 14.ix.1989, coll. J.L. Colín &amp; H. Hojas.</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Veracruz), Costa Rica,?Brazil. First record from Mexico.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E985619F5EFF2CFAAC9626A1B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985619F5FFF2CF8C9964FA01B.text	636787E985619F5FFF2CF8C9964FA01B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia juanitae Khalaim & Ruíz-Cancino 2021	<div><p>9. Neotheronia juanitae Khalaim, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 16, 17)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype female (TAMU), Mexico, Jalisco, 16 km N of Autlan, 7.vii.1984, coll. Carroll, Schaffner &amp; Friedlander.</p><p>Remarks. In the NHMUK collection, I have seen two old and badly preserved specimens of Neotheronia from the State of Guerrero which probably belong to N. juanitae (Khalaim pers. comm.): one male from “Venta de Zopilote, 2800 ft. ” with colour pattern of legs generally similar to that in N. tequila, but with hind trochanters yellow and mid basitarsus yellowish; and one female from “Amula, 6000 ft. ” with colour pattern of the body similar to that in N. tequila, but with a short ovipositor. These two specimens require additional study and are not included to the type material of N. juanitae .</p><p>Description. Female. Fore wing length about 10.0 mm.</p><p>Mandible moderately long, weakly tapered, with upper tooth slightly longer than lower tooth. Clypeus in anterior view strongly transverse, 2.3× as long as wide, with lower half somewhat impressed and lower margin slightly truncate, without median transverse ridge, in profile slightly convex in upper part and concave in lower part. Face 1.1× as broad as long, convex medially in upper part and deeply impressed medially just below antennal sockets, without distinct lateromedian vertical impressions. Lateral ocellus separated from eye by 1.1× its own maximum diameter. Occipital carina mediodorsally weakly dipped. Occiput with mediodorsal notch.</p><p>Pronotum with upper end of epomia almost as long as basal mandibular width; lower portion of epomia (that parallel with the anterior margin of the pronotum) distinct, slightly longer than basal mandibular width. Notauli anteriorly strongly impressed. Subalar prominence roundly convex. Epicnemial carina distinctly concave above lower corner, with upper end distinct, not reaching anterior margin of mesopleuron. Scutellum, in profile, convex, laterally carinate on anterior quarter. Submetapleural carina strongly raised, broadened anteriorly. Pleural carina complete, thin. Propodeum in profile long, weakly declivous posteriorly; transverse carina strong, almost in centre, with dorsolateral parts raised; median longitudinal carinae and lateral longitudinal carinae completely absent. Flange on hind margin of propodeum strongly raised laterally and moderately raised dorsally.</p><p>Fore wing with areolet moderately large, emitting vein 2m-cu well distal to centre, with upper corner pointed. Hind leg with outer surface of tibia bearing isolated small brownish bristles. Third segment of hind tarsus almost 3.0× as long as broad.</p><p>Metasoma with first tergite 2.5× as long as posteriorly broad, lateromedian longitudinal carinae present only anteriorly, but with a slightly angulate ridge extending back almost to the level of spiracle. First tergite, in profile, dorsally abruptly rounded in basal third. Metasoma behind first segment rather strongly depressed dorsoventrally. Second tergite with gastroceli large, oval. Ovipositor short and straight, subcylindrical, projecting beyond hind margin of subgenital plate by 0.35× length of hind tibia, or about as long as apical depth of metasoma; apex of lower valve with about 8 slightly oblique teeth, apex of upper valve smooth.</p><p>A generally yellow species with black markings. Head yellow; teeth of mandible, spots above antennal sockets, area around ocelli, hind margin of vertex and occiput dorsally brownish black to black. Antenna black; scape and pedicel yellow with dark brown markings dorsally.Mesosoma predominantly yellow. Pronotum with weak transverse black stripe mediodorsally and black vertical stripes on posterior margin. Mesoscutum with median longitudinal stripe, notaular regions anterolaterally and extreme lateral margins above tegula black. Scutoscutellar groove black. Mesopleuron with blackish spot on anterior margin at level of lower corner of pronotum, and black posterior margin ventrally from base of mid coxa to level of episternal scrobe. Anterior margin of propodeum and anterior margin of metapleuron black. Tegula yellow. Wings slightly infumate; fore wing with a black spot near the distal end of the marginal cell. Pterostigma brownish black. Legs predominantly yellow. Mid leg with tarsomeres 1 and 2 brownish yellow, tarsomeres 3–5 dark brown. Hind leg with coxa in apical third, femur in apical third and tarsus entirely black. Tergites 1 and 2 black in anterior half and yellow in posterior half; tergite 2 with thyridial regions yellow. Tergites 3–6 with large D-shape median black spots anteriorly; posterior halfs yellowish orange in tergites 3 and 4, and yellow in following tergites. Ovipositor sheath pale brown in basal half and black in apical half.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named in honour of our friend and colleague, expert in Braconidae, Juana Maria Coronado Blanco (UAT) .</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Jalisco,? Guerrero).</p><p>Comparison. Morphologically and in colour pattern the new species is similar to N. tequila sp. nov., but distinct in having a very short ovipositor and yellow hind trochanters and tibia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E985619F5FFF2CF8C9964FA01B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985679F58FF2CFF1191F9A4F2.text	636787E985679F58FF2CFF1191F9A4F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia jugaldei Gauld 1991	<div><p>10. Neotheronia jugaldei Gauld, 1991</p><p>(Figs 25, 26)</p><p>Neotheronia jugaldei Gauld 1991: 427 [holotype ♀ (INBio), Costa Rica, Puntarenas Prov., Monteverde Reserve, 1300 m, iv–v.1984, coll. I.D. Gauld (examined); ♀ ♂].</p><p>References. Gauld et al. 1998: 131 [in key; Costa Rica]. Hernández-Aguilar et al. 1999: 36 [Mexico (Tamaulipas)]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; Mexico]. Hernández-Aguilar et al. 2005: 470 [Mexico (Tamaulipas)]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2010: 66 [checklist; Mexico (Tamaulipas)].</p><p>Material examined. MEXICO. Tamaulipas: 5 ♀ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Alta Cimas, 1.xi.1990, coll. E. Ruíz C. 1 ♂ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Canindo, 1400 m, 28–30.vii.1993, coll. J.B. Woolley. 1 ♀ (UAT) Ocampo, Ejido El Bejuco, 900 m, Malaise trap, 5–21.i.2017, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino et al. Veracruz: 4 ♀, 16 ♂ (1 ♀ and 10 ♂ in UAT, 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ in UNAM, 2 ♀ and 4 ♂ in ZISP) SW of Xalapa, park near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-96.93915&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.5128" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -96.93915/lat 19.5128)">Institute de Ecología</a>, 19°30.768’N, 96°56.349’W, 1260 m, 12–14.iv.2014 , coll. A.I. Khalaim. San Andrés, Biological Station Los Tuxlas, 150–250 m, selva alta perennifolia, Malaise trap, coll. M. Madora : 2 ♂ (UNAM) 10.iii–14.iv.2013, 3 ♂ (2 ♂ in UNAM, 1 ♂ in ZISP) 14.iv–13.v.2013, 1 ♂ (UNAM) 13.v–16.vi.2013, 2 ♀ and 5 ♂ (UNAM) 16.vi–24.vii.2013, 1 ♂ (ZISP) 24.vii–16.viii.2013, 7 ♂ (UNAM) 16.viii–17.ix.2013, 1 ♀ (ZISP) 16.iv–1.v.2014 . Oaxaca: 2 ♂ (AEIC) 85.5 km SW of Tuxtepec, Metate, 900 m, 16–19.x.1962 , coll. H. &amp; M. Townes.</p><p>Remarks. In addition to morphological characters given by Gauld (1991), in Mexico both females and males of N. jugaldei differ well from N. montezuma by the black anterior margin of the propodeum and yellowish or brownish basally hind tarsus (in N. montezuma propodeum is entirely yellow and hind tarsus is black).</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Oaxaca), Costa Rica.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E985679F58FF2CFF1191F9A4F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985679F58FF2CFC6491F0A308.text	636787E985679F58FF2CFC6491F0A308.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia lineata (Fabricius 1804)	<div><p>11. Neotheronia lineata (Fabricius, 1804)</p><p>(Fig. 1)</p><p>Bassus lineatus Fabricius 1804: 101 [♀ (ZMUC), British Guyana, Essequibo].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E985679F58FF2CFC6491F0A308	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985669F5AFF2CF8B496CEA62A.text	636787E985669F5AFF2CF8B496CEA62A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia lizzae Gauld 1991	<div><p>12. Neotheronia lizzae Gauld, 1991</p><p>Neotheronia lizzae Gauld 1991: 464 [holotype ♀ (INBio), Costa Rica, Guanacaste National Park, Sector Santa Rosa, 300 m, vi.1985, coll. I.D. Gauld (examined); ♀ ♂].</p><p>References. Gauld et al. 1998: 133 [in key; Costa Rica]. Gauld et al. 2002: 73 [El Salvador].</p><p>Material examined. MEXICO. Yucatán: 2 ♂ (UAT) Sudzal Chico “SMPS”, ii.1999, coll. Hugo Delfin.</p><p>Remarks. Epicnemial carina in males from Mexico is incomplete, with upper end not joining anterior margin of mesopleuron; this carina is more or less complete with upper end reaching the anterior margin of mesopleuron in Costa Rican specimens of N. lizzae, according to the original description.</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Yucatán), El Salvador, Costa Rica. First record from Mexico.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E985669F5AFF2CF8B496CEA62A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985659F5AFF2CFE149759A477.text	636787E985659F5AFF2CFE149759A477.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia lloydi Gauld 1991	<div><p>13. Neotheronia lloydi Gauld, 1991</p><p>Neotheronia lloydi Gauld 1991: 425 [holotype ♀ (INBio), Costa Rica, Guanacaste Prov., Guanacaste National Park, Cerro el Hacha, Casa Oeste, 400 m, in forest, v–ix.1988, coll. I.D. Gauld &amp; D. Janzen; ♀ ♂].</p><p>References. Gauld et al. 1998: 130, 132 [in key; Costa Rica]. Kumagai &amp; Graf 2002: 450 [Brazil (Paraná)]. Kumagai 2002: 192 [Brazil (Minas Gerais)]. Tanque &amp; Frieiro-Costa 2011 [Brazil (Minas Gerais)].</p><p>Material examined. MEXICO. San Luis Potosí: 1 ♂ (EMEC) 6 mi. N of Tamazunchale, 18.viii.1959, coll. Ray F. Smith. Chiapas: 1 ♀ (EMEC) 32 km N of Ocozocoautla, on road to Malpaso, 762 m, 6.x.1974, coll. D.E. &amp; J.A. Breedlove.</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (San Luis Potosí, Chiapas), Costa Rica,?Brazil. First record from Mexico.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E985659F5AFF2CFE149759A477	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985659F5AFF2CFCE99645A0E2.text	636787E985659F5AFF2CFCE99645A0E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia matamorosi Gauld 1991	<div><p>14. Neotheronia matamorosi Gauld, 1991</p><p>Neotheronia charli Gauld, 1991: 440 [holotype ♀ (INBio), Costa Rica, Guanacaste Prov., Guanacaste National Park, Casa Maritza (= Mariksa), 800 m, vii.1986, coll. I.D. Gauld; ♀ ♂].</p><p>References. Gauld et al. 1998: 131 [in key; Costa Rica].</p><p>Material examined. MEXICO. Veracruz: San Andrés, Biological Station Los Tuxlas, 150–250 m, selva alta perennifolia, Malaise trap , coll. M. Madora: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ (UNAM) 14.iv–13.v.2013, 4 ♀ and 3 ♂ (1 ♀ in UAT, 2 ♀ and 3 ♂ in UNAM, 1 ♀ in ZISP) 16.vi–24.vii.2013, 3 ♀ (2 ♀ in UNAM, 1 ♀ in ZISP) 24.vii–16.viii.2013, 1 ♀ and 5 ♂ (1 ♀ and 4 ♂ in UNAM, 1 ♂ in ZISP) 16.viii–17.ix.2013, 3 ♀ and 1 ♂ (2 ♀ and 1 ♂ in UNAM, 1 ♀ in ZISP) 17.ix–15.x.2013, 1 ♀ (UAT) 15.x–16.xi.2013, 1 ♂ (UNAM) 30.xi–17.xii.2013, 1 ♀ (UNAM) i.2014, 1 ♂ (ZISP) 1–14.v.2014, 1 ♀ (UNAM) 16–30.vi.2014 .</p><p>Diagnosis (based on Mexican material). Clypeus with transverse rounded ridge. Occiput with mediodorsal notch. Mandible with upper tooth subequal to lower tooth. Epicnemial carina usually with upper angulation evanescent, but always with a short discontinuous part of the carina visible adjacent to anterior margin of mesopleuron. Propodeum with median and lateral longitudinal carinae well developed in front of transverse carina. Ovipositor straight, slender, projecting beyond apex of subgenital plate by 1.4× length of hind tibia.</p><p>Predominantly yellow and orange species. Vertex sometimes with weak brownish mark extending from lateral ocellus to margin of eye. Flagellum black with three or four basal flagellomeres yellowish or brownish. Posterior margin of pronotum in upper half, longitudinal median stripe on mesoscutum, scutoscutellar groove, spot in upper part of mesopleuron (behind subtegular ridge), anterior margin of propodeum and subbasal transverse bands on tergites 2 and following weakly infuscate to black. Propodeum near insertion of metasoma sometimes fuscous. Hind leg orange with only distal tarsomere blackish. Wings distinctly infumate with brown, fore wing with a large apical blackish spot. Ovipositor sheath pale basally and fuscous apially.</p><p>Variation. Most Mexican specimens have fuscous markings on head, mesosoma and metasoma, and wings distinctly infumate with brown, while Costa Rican specimens are orange, without fuscous markings, and with wings more or less hyaline. Nevertheless, morphologically Mexican and Costa Rican material is almost identical, and we consider that this is one species.</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Veracruz), Costa Rica. First record from Mexico.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E985659F5AFF2CFCE99645A0E2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985649F5BFF2CF9C39669A1AC.text	636787E985649F5BFF2CF9C39669A1AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia mellosa (Cresson 1874)	<div><p>15. Neotheronia mellosa (Cresson, 1874)</p><p>(Figs 2, 37)</p><p>Theronia mellosa Cresson 1874: 396 [♀ ♂ (ANSP), Mexico, Veracruz, Orizaba, Córdoba].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E985649F5BFF2CF9C39669A1AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9857A9F45FF2CFE5D9376A072.text	636787E9857A9F45FF2CFE5D9376A072.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia montezuma (Cresson 1874)	<div><p>16. Neotheronia montezuma (Cresson, 1874)</p><p>(Figs 27–30)</p><p>Theronia montezuma Cresson 1874: 395 [♀ ♂ (ANSP), Mexico, Veracruz, Orizaba Córdoba, Mirador].</p><p>References. Cameron 1886: 264 [ Theronia; “common Mexican species”, Mexico (Veracruz)]. Krieger 1905: 305 [Mexico]. Morley 1914: 56 [remarks; “the commonest Mexican species”, Mexico (Veracruz, Guerrero, Tabasco, Yucatán, etc.)]. Cresson 1916: 44 [lectotype ♀ (ANSP) designated, Mexico, Veracruz]. Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 35 [ Theronia (Neotheronia); catalogue; Mexico]. Gauld 1991: 429 [description; Mexico (Veracruz, Guerrero, Tabasco, Yucatán), Costa Rica, Venezuela]. Gauld et al. 1998: 131 [in key; Costa Rica; host]. Hernández-Aguilar et al. 1999: 36 [Mexico (Tamaulipas)]. Kumagai 2002: 192 [Brazil (Minas Gerais)]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; Mexico]. Gauld et al. 2002: 73 [El Salvador]. Hernández-Aguilar et al. 2005: 470 [Mexico (Tamaulipas)]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2010: 66 [checklist; Mexico (Tamaulipas)]. González-Moreno &amp; Bordera 2012: 36 [Mexico (Yucatán)].</p><p>Material examined. MEXICO. Tamaulipas: 1 ♀ (UAT) San Carlos, Rincón Murillo, Selva Baja, 20.x.1995, coll. S. Hernández A. &amp; C.A. Covarrubias D. 1 ♂ (UAT) Llera, 44 km S of Cd. Victoria, matorral, Malaise trap, 21–28.x.2000, coll. D.R. Kasparyan. 1 ♀ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Alta Cimas, 12.x.1990, coll. S. Varela F. 1 ♂ (UAT) same locality, Malaise trap, 19–26.vi.1999, coll. S. Hernández A. 1 ♀ (UAT) same locality and trap, 900 m, 9–16.ix.2000, coll. D.R. Kasparyan. 1 ♂ (UAT) Cd. Victoria— Soto La Marina, km 68, 11.v.1985, coll. E. Ruíz C. Ocampo, Ejido El Bejuco, 900 m, Malaise trap, 2016, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino et al. (all in UAT): 17–28.iv (1 ♀), 29.iv–14.v (1 ♀), 9–29.vii (1 ♀, 2 ♂), 30.vii–12.viii (1 ♂). San Luis Potosí : 1 ♀ (FSCA) 12 km S of Valles, Ruta 85, Hotel Covadonga, 27–29.vi.1981, coll. C. Porter &amp; L.A. Stange. 1 ♀ (AEIC) 24 km “W.N.” Morelos, El Naranjo, 9.x.1962, coll. H. &amp; M. Townes, “HOMOTYPE Theronia montezuma ’63 Cr. H. K. Townes” . Jalisco: 1 ♂ (UNAM) Biological Station Chamela, camino <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.0367&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.50476" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.0367/lat 19.50476)">Antiquo</a>, 19.50476°N, 105.0367°W, 59 m, dry forest, 22.xi.2009, coll. A. Zaldívar R. Veracruz: 1 ♀ (UAT) SW of Xalapa, park near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-96.93915&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.5128" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -96.93915/lat 19.5128)">Institute de Ecología</a>, 19°30.768’N, 96°56.349’W, 1260 m, 17–18.ii.2009, coll. A.I. Khalaim. 1 ♀ (ZISP) same data, but 12–14.iv.2014 . 1 ♀ (EMEC) Fortin de las Flores, 1010 m, 7–12.vii.1974, coll. J.A. Chemsak, E. &amp; J. Linsley, J. Powell. 1 ♀ (UNAM) Biological Station Los Tuxtlas, 20–22.viii.1988, coll. C. Beautelspocher. 1 ♂ (EMEC) same data, but 1–9.vii.1988, coll. J.A. Chemsak. Morelos: 3 ♀ (UAT), 1 ♂ (CIUM) N of Cuernavaca, Chamilpa, 13.ii.1991, coll. G. Peña. 1 ♀ (UAT) <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.09861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.9975" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.09861/lat 18.9975)">Tepoztlán</a>, 18°59’51”N, 99°05’55”W, 1490 m, 5.iii.2010, coll. A.E. Humala. Oaxaca : 1 ♀ (IPN) Cuilapam, Nogal, Malaise trap, 12.iii.2005, coll. J.M. Maldonado. 1 ♀ (EMEC) Temascal, 19.i.1964, coll. K.H. Janzen. 1 ♀ (TAMU) 5 mi. S of Candelaria Loxicha, 18–19.vii.1974, coll. Clark, Murray, Ashe &amp; Schaffner. 1 ♀ (TAMU) 2 mi. N of Candelaria Loxicha, 17.vii.1985, coll. Jones &amp; Schaffner. COSTA RICA. 1 ♀ (UAT) Guanacaste Prov., Santa Rosa National Park, 300 m, iii–v.1984, coll. I.D. Gauld (det. I.D. Gauld) .</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Jalisco, Veracruz, Guerrero, Morelos, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Yucatán), El Salvador, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Brazil (Minas Gerais).</p><p>Biology. Reared from cocoon of Acharia Hübner ( Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) in Costa Rica (Gauld et al. 1998). One male from Venezuela probably was reared from Sibene sp. ( Limacodidae), a common pest of cultivated palms (Gauld 1991).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E9857A9F45FF2CFE5D9376A072	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9857A9F46FF2CF8EF90D9A67F.text	636787E9857A9F46FF2CF8EF90D9A67F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia murilloi Gauld 1991	<div><p>17. Neotheronia murilloi Gauld, 1991</p><p>Neotheronia murilloi Gauld 1991: 457 [holotype ♀ (INBio), Costa Rica, Guanacaste Prov., Guanacaste National Park, Estación Pitilla, 650 m, vi.1988, coll. I.D. Gauld &amp; P. Mitchell; ♀ ♂].</p><p>References. Gauld et al. 1998: 132 [in key; Costa Rica]. Khalaim et al. 2018: 20 [Mexico (Veracruz)].</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Veracruz), Costa Rica.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E9857A9F46FF2CF8EF90D9A67F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985799F46FF2CFEE19647A6AE.text	636787E985799F46FF2CFEE19647A6AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia nigrolineata (Brulle 1846)	<div><p>18. Neotheronia nigrolineata (Brullé, 1846)</p><p>Pimpla nigro-lineata Brullé 1846: 104 [holotype ♀ (NHMUK), Brazil, Minas Gerais].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E985799F46FF2CFEE19647A6AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985789F40FF2CFC549096A7BE.text	636787E985789F40FF2CFC549096A7BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia rosai Gauld 1991	<div><p>19. Neotheronia rosai Gauld, 1991</p><p>(Figs 38, 39)</p><p>Neotheronia rosai Gauld 1991: 417 [holotype ♀ (INBio), Costa Rica, Guanacaste Prov., Guanacaste National Park, Sector Santa Rosa, 300 m, v.1984, coll. D. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs (examined); ♀ ♂].</p><p>References. Gauld et al. 1998: 129 [in key; Costa Rica]. Gauld et al. 2002: 74 [El Salvador]. Tanque et al. 2010 [Brazil (Minas Gerais)]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2010: 66 [checklist; Mexico (Tamaulipas)]. González-Moreno &amp; Bordera 2012: 36 [Mexico (Yucatán)].</p><p>Material examined. MEXICO. Tamaulipas: 1 ♀, 3 ♂ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Alta Cimas, Malaise trap, 12–26.vi, 10–17.vii.1999, coll. S. Hernández A. 2 ♀ (UAT) same locality and trap, 900 m, 4– 12.viii and 21–28.x.2000, coll. D.R. Kasparyan. Ocampo, Ejido El Bejuco, 900 m, Malaise trap, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino et al. (all in UAT): 29.iv–14.v.2016 (1 ♀), 28.v–11.vi.2016 (3 ♂), 9–29.vii.2016 (1 ♂), 13–26.viii.2016 (1 ♀), 10–28.x.2016 (1 ♂). Llera, 44 km S of Cd. Victoria, matorral, Malaise trap, coll. D.R. Kasparyan (all in UAT) : 19–26.viii.2000 (1 ♀), 16– 23.ix.2000 (1 ♀), 7–14.x.2000 (1 ♂), 28.x–25.xi.2000 (1 ♀, 3 ♂). 1 ♂ (FSCA) 55 km S of Cd. Victoria, 22.vi.1981, coll. B. Miller &amp; C. Porter. San Luis Potosí: 1 ♀ (UAT) N of Xilitla, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.99277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.394733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.99277/lat 21.394733)">Las Pozas</a>, 21°23.684’N, 98°59.566’W, 570 m, 19.xi.2011, coll. A.I. Khalaim. 1 ♀ (FSCA) Ciudad Valles, Hotel Covadonga, 2–3.vi.1977, coll. C. Porter &amp; A. Cerbone. Veracruz: San Andrés, Biological Station Los Tuxlas, 155–250 m, selva alta perennifolia, Malaise trap, coll. M. Madora : 1 ♂ (ZISP) 24.vii–16.viii.2013, 2 ♀ (UNAM) 17.ix–15.x.2013, 1 ♂ (UNAM) 15.x–16.xi.2013, 2 ♂ (UNAM) 16.iii–16.iv.2014, 1 ♂ (UNAM) 1–14.v.2014 . 1 ♀ (FSCA) Fortin de las Flores — Sumidero, planta de la cerveceria, 2500–3000 ft. (= 760–915 m), Malaise trap, 14.vii.1968, coll. H.V. Weems, Jr. Morelos : 1 ♂ (UAT) Coatlán del Río, 10.iv.1991, coll. G. Peña. Yucatán. 1 ♀ (UAT) Sudzal Chico “SMSP”, ii.1999, coll. Hugo Delfin. 1 ♂ (UAT) Corral “SMSC”, same date and collector. GUATEMALA . 1 ♀, 2 ♂ (AEIC) Zacapa, 2 km N of Santa Cruz, xi.1986, coll. M. Sharkey. COSTA RICA. 1 ♀ (UAT) Puntarenas Prov., 26 km W of highway on road to Rincon de la Osa, 100 m, ii.1990, coll. I.D. Gauld (det. I.D. Gauld) .</p><p>Variation. Mexican specimens have flagellum, in dorsal view, basally and apically extensively black, medially brownish. One male from Alta Cimas (12–19.vi) is paler than other Mexican specimens, and has a scutellum entirely yellow, without black marking posteriorly. Hind leg with coxa usually only slightly brownish marked mediodorsally.</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, Morelos, Yucatán), Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Brazil. First record from Guatemala.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E985789F40FF2CFC549096A7BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9857F9F40FF2CFEA0967BA6CD.text	636787E9857F9F40FF2CFEA0967BA6CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia tacubaya (Cresson 1874)	<div><p>20. Neotheronia tacubaya (Cresson, 1874)</p><p>(Figs 3, 4, 40)</p><p>Theronia tacubaya Cresson 1874: 397 [♀ ♂ (ANSP), Mexico, Veracruz, Orizaba, Córdoba].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E9857F9F40FF2CFEA0967BA6CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9857E9F43FF2CFC9896C8A383.text	636787E9857E9F43FF2CFC9896C8A383.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia tequila Khalaim & Ruiz-Cancino 2021	<div><p>21. Neotheronia tequila Khalaim &amp; Ruíz-Cancino, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 5–7, 41–44)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype female (UAT), Mexico, Jalisco, 8 km S of Tequila, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.86&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.82" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.86/lat 20.82)">Volcán de Tequila</a>, 20°49.2’N, 103°51.6’W, 1800–2000 m, 9.ii.2009, coll. A.I. Khalaim.</p><p>Paratypes. MEXICO. Sinaloa: 1 ♂ (AEIC) 50 mi NE of Mazatlán, 9.ix.1970, coll. W.J. Hanson &amp; T.L. Whitworth. Jalisco: 2 ♀, 1 ♂ (1 ♀ and 1 ♂ in UAT, 1 ♀ in ZISP) same data as holotype . 1 ♂ (UAT) same locality and collector, 20°50.274’N, 103°51.100’W, 1500 m, 5.ii.2009 . 1 ♂ (EMEC) La Floresta, Lago de Chapala, 1510 m, 4.ix.1977, coll. E. Schlinger. Mexico: 1 ♀ (FSCA) Chalma, 14.vi.1974, coll. C. Porter &amp; C. 1 ♀ (FSCA) Calmbacher. Ixtapantongo, 19–21.vi.1974, coll. C. Porter &amp; C. Calmbacher. Morelos: 1 ♀ (CIUM) Parque Nacional de el Tepozteco, Tepoztlán, 21.x.1990, coll. G. Peña. 1 ♂ (ZISP) N of Tepoztlán, path to El Tepozteco, 1800–2000 M, 11.x.2014, coll. A.I. Khalaim. 1 ♂ (CIUM) Tepalcingo, El Limon, 1192 m, 9.xi.1991, coll. G. Peña. 1 ♂ (ZISP) Yautepec de Zaragoza, 26.ix.1991, coll. G. Peña. Puebla: 2 ♀ (CIUM, ZISP) Chietla, Atencingo, Campo Nuevo, 11.x.1990, coll. G. Peña. Guerrero: 1 ♂ (UNAM) “ Rio Cocula, Gro. XII” . Oaxaca: 1 ♀ (IPN) Cuilapam, Nogal, Malaise trap, 26.iii.2005, coll. J.M. Maldonado.</p><p>Description. Female (Fig. 42). Fore wing length 11.5 mm.</p><p>Mandible moderately long, evenly and rather weakly tapered, with upper tooth slightly longer and broader than lower tooth (Fig. 41). Clypeus in anterior view strongly transverse, 2.3× as long as wide, with lower half somewhat impressed and lower margin slightly truncate (Fig. 41), without median transverse ridge, in profile concave. Face 1.25× as broad as long, weakly convex, with a pair of weak lateromedian vertical impressions. Lateral ocellus separated from eye by 1.5× its own maximum diameter (Fig. 43). Occipital carina mediodorsally moderately dipped. Occiput with mediodorsal notch.</p><p>Pronotum with upper end of epomia long and sharp, about as long as basal mandibular width; lower portion of epomia (that parallel with the anterior margin of the pronotum) distinct. Notauli anteriorly strongly impressed. Subalar prominence roundly convex. Epicnemial carina distinctly concave above lower corner, with upper end distinct, not reaching anterior margin of mesopleuron. Scutellum, in profile, convex, laterally carinate on anterior third. Submetapleural carina strongly raised, broadened anteriorly. Pleural carina complete, thin. Propodeum in profile long, abruptly declivous posteriorly; transverse carina strong, a little behind the centre, laterally and mediodorsally quite strongly raised; median longitudinal carinae virtually absent, only discernible as tubercles anteriorly; other propodeal carinae entirely absent (Fig. 44). Flange on hind margin of propodeum strongly raised laterally, moderately raised dorsally.</p><p>Fore wing with areolet moderately large, emitting vein 2m-cu well distal to centre, with upper corner distinctly truncated. Hind leg with outer surface of tibia bearing isolated small bristles. Third segment of hind tarsus about 2.4× as long as broad.</p><p>Metasoma with first tergite 2.4× as long as posteriorly broad, lateromedian longitudinal carinae present only anteriorly, but with a slightly angulate ridge extending back almost to the level of spiracle. First tergite, in profile, dorsally abruptly rounded in basal 0.4. Second tergite with gastroceli large, oval, rather clearly delineated, separated medially by a distance which is 1.7× as long as gastroceli broad. Ovipositor straight, subcylindrical, projecting beyond hind margin of subgenital plate by 1.1× length of hind tibia; apex of lower valve with 7 oblique teeth, apex of upper valve smooth.</p><p>A generally yellow species with black markings (Figs 6, 42, 44). Head yellow; teeth of mandible, spots above antennal sockets, area around ocelli and stripe behind anterior ocellus, hind margin of vertex and occiput dorsally black. Antenna black; scape and pedicel yellow ventrally. Mesosoma predominantly yellow. Pronotum with transverse black band dorsally. Mesoscutum with three longitudinal black stripes. Scutoscutellar groove black. Mesopleuron with black area along the anterior margin, upper end of this area turns backwards dorsally and reaching to dorsoposterior corner of mesopleuron, posterior margin black ventrally from base of mid coxa to level of episternal scrobe. Anterior margin of propodeum, anterior and posterior margins of metapleuron narrowly black. Tegula yellow with brownish mark extero-posteriorly. Wings slightly infumate; fore wing with distal margin more darkened, and with a black spot near the distal end of the marginal cell. Pterostigma black with small pale spot basally. Legs yellow, fore claws dark brown to blackish, mid and hind claws black. Mid leg with tibia narrowly infuscate apically, spurs and tarsus entirely black. Hind leg with coxa narrowly banded with black apically, trochanters black, femur black in apical third, tibia narrowly black basally and in apical 0.15, spurs and tarsus entirely black. First tergite black in anterior 0.65. Second tergite with transverse subproximal black band. Tergites 4–7 with D-shape median black spot anteriorly. Ovipositor sheath black.</p><p>Male. Generally similar to female but with wings distinctly darkened with brownish.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after the type locality [Volcán de] Tequila, and a traditional Mexican tipple.</p><p>Comparison. Neotheronia tequila sp. nov. belongs to the tolteca species-group by having a strong median notch in the occiput, a long epomia, and upper end of epicnemial carina joining the anterior margin of mesopleuron. The new species may be easily distinguished from species of this species group, and also from all other Central American species, by its colour pattern with extensive black markings.</p><p>Remarks. One female of a closely related undescribed species was examined in the collection of NHMUK (Khalaim pers. comm.). That female has a similar colour pattern and differs from N. tequila sp. nov. only by a very short ovipositor. This specimen is badly preserved and therefore we do not describe this species here (see also Remarks section under N. juanitae sp. nov.).</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Sinaloa, Jalisco, Mexico, Morelos, Puebla, Guerrero, Oaxaca).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E9857E9F43FF2CFC9896C8A383	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E9857C9F43FF2CFABC92B3A090.text	636787E9857C9F43FF2CFABC92B3A090.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia tolteca (Cresson 1874)	<div><p>22. Neotheronia tolteca (Cresson, 1874)</p><p>Theronia tolteca Cresson 1874: 396 [♀ ♂ (ANSP), Mexico, Veracruz, Orizaba].</p><p>References. Cameron 1886: 264 [ Theronia; Mexico (Veracruz, Yucatán), Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama]. Krieger 1905: 293 [Panama, Mexico]. Morley 1914: 55 [Mexico (Tabasco), Ecuador, British Guiana, Jamaica, Dominican Republic (misidentification, in part, see Gauld 1991: 469)]. Cresson 1916: 59 [lectotype ♀ (ANSP) designated; Mexico, Veracruz]. Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 35 [catalogue; Theronia (Neotheronia) nigrolineata tolteca; Mexico]. Gauld 1991: 468 [description; Mexico (Veracruz), Costa Rica, Panama; remarks]. Gauld et al. 1998: 133 [in key; Costa Rica]. Kumagai &amp; Graf 2002: 450 [Brazil (Paraná)]. Kumagai 2002: 192 [Brazil (Minas Gerais)]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; Mexico].</p><p>Remarks. Neotheronia tolteca is probably a synonym of N. nigrolineata (see Gauld 1991: 469 and Gauld et al. 1998: 133). Examined female from Oaxaca differs well from the latter species by its entirely orange-brown body and legs (only hind tarsus infuscate) without any black markings.</p><p>Material examined. MEXICO. Veracruz: San Andrés, Biological Station Los Tuxlas, 150–210 m, selva alta perennifolia, Malaise trap, 2013, coll. M. Madora (all in UNAM): 13.v–16.vi (2 ♂), 24.vii–16.viii (1 ♂), 17.ix–15.x (1 ♀). 1 ♂ (ZISP) same locality and trap, 4–8.x.2014, coll. A.I. Khalaim. 1 ♀ (ZISP) same locality, date and collector, sweeping . Oaxaca: 1 ♀ (EMEC) Temascal, 23.x.1963, coll. K.H. Janzen. COSTA RICA. 1 ♀ (UAT) Puntarenas Prov., Golfo Dulce Forest Reserve, 3 km SW of Rincon de la Osa, i–ii.1990 (?), coll. I.D. Gauld (det. I.D. Gauld) .</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Veracruz, Oaxaca,? Tabasco,? Yucatán), Cuba, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama,? Brazil.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E9857C9F43FF2CFABC92B3A090	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985739F4CFF2CFF11912AA3B8.text	636787E985739F4CFF2CFF11912AA3B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia veracruzana Khalaim 2018	<div><p>23. Neotheronia veracruzana Khalaim, 2018</p><p>(Figs 33–36)</p><p>Neotheronia veracruzana Khalaim in Khalaim et al. 2018: 21 [holotype ♀ (UNAM), Mexico, Veracruz, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-96.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -96.916664/lat 19.5)">Xalapa</a>, 19°30’N, 96°55’W, 1279 m, Malaise trap, 14–25.vii.2015, coll. M. López-Ortega; ♀].</p><p>Material examined. MEXICO. Nuevo León: 2 ♀ (FSCA) Cola de Caballo, ca. El Cercado, 15–23.vi.1976, coll. C. Porter. 1 ♂ (UAT) Cola de Caballo, 28.iii.1981, coll. E. Ruíz C. Tamaulipas: 1 ♀ (UAT) 8 km W of Mainero, 4.iv.2008, coll. A.I. Khalaim. 1 ♀ (UAT) Cd. Victoria, Cañon Libertad, 770–880 m, 2.ii.1988, coll. R. Meza V. 1 ♀ (UAT) same locality and collector, 1000–1100 m, 21.ii.1988 . 2 ♂ (UAT) Cd. Victoria, Cañon Novillo, 17.vi, 22.vii.1985, coll. H. Serna T. 1 ♀ (ZISP) 15 km SSW of Cd. Victoria, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.22597&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.605116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.22597/lat 23.605116)">El Madroño</a>, 23°36.307’N, 99°13.558’W, 1400–1450 m, 2.xi.2011, coll. A.I. Khalaim. 2 ♀ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Alta Cimas, Malaise trap, 24.vii–7.viii.1999, coll. S. Hernández A. 1 ♂ (UAT) Gómez Farías, El Cielo, 1.xi.1990, coll. H. Ruíz C. 1 ♀ (UAT) Ocampo, Ejido El Bejuco, 900 m, Malaise trap, 26.vi–8.vii.2016, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino et al.</p><p>Comparison. According to its original description (Khalaim et al. 2018), N. veracruzana differs from four other Mexican and Central American species with very short ovipositor which does not project beyond the apex of the metasoma ( N. brandtae Gauld, N. charli Gauld, N. lizzae Gauld and N. lloydi Gauld) by its propodeum lacking any longitudinal carinae, with only transverse carina present (Fig. 35). It also differs from N. brandtae and N. lloydi by its first tergite with short lateromedian longitudinal carinae (extending to almost hind margin of the tergite in N. brandtae and N. lloydi) and small gastrocoeli (exceptionally large in N. brandtae and N. lloydi), and from N. charli and N. lizzae by its predominantly yellow body with black markings (orange in N. charli and N. lizzae).</p><p>In the key to Costa Rican species of Neotheronia (Gauld 1991), N. veracruzana runs to N. lizzae in couplet 30, but may easily be distinguished from this species by characters given above.</p><p>Diagnosis. Propodeum with all longitudinal carinae completely absent (Fig. 35). Occiput black marked dorsally (Fig. 33). Mesoscutum with a long central blackish stripe and short lateral blackish stripes anteriorly on notaular impressions (Fig. 34); scutoscutellar groove black; propodeum with anterior margin narrowly blackish (Fig. 35). Metasomal tergite 1 blackish anteriorly, second and following tergites with transverse black subbasal bands (Fig. 36). Female with mesopleuron posteroventrally black marked.</p><p>Variation. In several specimens (mainly poorly preserved and decoloured) black markings are partly weak or completely absent.</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Veracruz).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E985739F4CFF2CFF11912AA3B8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985739F4DFF2CFA9090CFA4A0.text	636787E985739F4DFF2CFA9090CFA4A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia zaldivari Khalaim & Ruíz-Cancino 2021	<div><p>24. Neotheronia zaldivari Khalaim, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 18, 19)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype female (EMEC), Mexico, Sinaloa, 8 mi W of El Palmito, 6400 ft. (= 1950 m), 8–12.viii.1972, coll. J. Powel, D. Veirs &amp; C.D. MacNeill.</p><p>Paratype. MEXICO. Jalisco: 1 ♂ (EMEC) La Floresta, Lago de Chapala, 1510 m, 4.ix.1977, coll. E. Schlinger.</p><p>Description. Female. Fore wing length 12.0 mm.</p><p>Mandible moderately long, weakly tapered, more or less equally bidentate. Clypeus in anterior view 2.6× as long as wide, with lower margin very slightly concave, with a strong median transverse convex ridge (Fig. 18). Face 1.2× as broad as long, weakly convex. Lateral ocellus separated from eye by 1.3× its own maximum diameter. Occipital carina mediodorsally arched. Occiput without mediodorsal notch.</p><p>Pronotum with upper end of epomia short, about half as long as basal mandibular width; lower portion of epomia distinct, long. Notauli short, only weakly impressed anteriorly. Subalar prominence roundly convex. Epicnemial carina with upper reaching to almost level of lower corner of pronotum, remote from pleural margin. Scutellum, in profile, convex, laterally carinate on extreme anterior end. Submetapleural carina narrow, broadened anteriorly. Pleural carina evanescent, virtually absent. Propodeum in profile moderately long; transverse carina near the centre, slightly raised mediodorsally, laterally distinct; median longitudinal carinae entirely absent; lateral longitudinal carinae absent in front of tharsverse carina and distinct behind it. Pleural carina only present at extreme anterior end, its course discernible as a shallow grove. Flange of hind margin of propodeum just lateral to insertion of metasoma in the form of a low rounded prominence.</p><p>Fore wing with areolet moderately large, shortly truncated above, emitting vein 2m-cu far distal to centre. Hind leg with outer surface of tibia without enlarged bristles. Third segment of hind tarsus 1.8× as long as broad.</p><p>Metasoma with first tergite 2.1× as long as posteriorly broad, lateromedian longitudinal carinae present only anteriorly. First tergite in profile dorsally evenly convex, first sternite with a strongy developed medioventral keel anteriorly. Second tergite with gastroceli moderately large, shallow. Ovipositor straight, slender, subcylindrical, projecting beyond hind margin of subgenital plate by 1.4× length of hind tibia; apex of lower valve with about 8 distinct oblique teeth, apex of upper valve smooth.</p><p>A generally yellow species with a few blackish and brownish markings. Head yellow; teeth of mandible black; vertex posteromedially very weakly infuscate with brown. Antenna black; scape and pedicel ventrally yellow and dorsally yellow marked; first flagellomere ventrally yellowish. Mesosoma yellow; mesoscutum with three longitudinal brown stripes; scutoscutellar groove and groove between propodeum and postscutellum black; mesopleuron with anterior margin and lower part of hind margin slightly brownish. Tegula yellow. Wings distinctly infumate with brown; fore wing with blackish spot near distal end of marginal cell. Pterostigma brownish black. Legs yellow; mid leg with basitarsus brownish and tarsomeres 2–4 dark brown to black; hind leg (Fig. 19) with both trochanters, apical 0.2 of femur, extreme base and apex of tibia, and entire tarsus dark brown to black. First tergite blackish at extreme base. Tergites 2–4 with narrow transverse black band basally. Ovipositor sheath black.</p><p>Male. Similar to female.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named in honour of the well-known Mexican entomologist and my friend, expert in molecular taxonomy of Braconidae, Alejandro Zaldívar Riverón (UNAM) .</p><p>Comparison. The new species belongs to the concolor species-complex as it lacks median notch in the occiput and has a strong transverse ridge across the clypeus (Fig. 18). Within this species-complex, N. zaldivari sp. nov. is most similar to N. concolor but differs from this species in colour pattern of hind leg (Fig. 19).</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Sinaloa, Jalisco).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E985739F4DFF2CFA9090CFA4A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985729F4DFF2CFB9C97DEA011.text	636787E985729F4DFF2CFB9C97DEA011.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nomosphecia Gupta 1962	<div><p>Genus Nomosphecia Gupta, 1962</p><p>Nomosphecia Gupta 1962: 68 (subgenus of Theronia). Type species: Theronia zebroides Krieger, 1906, by original designation.</p><p>References. Townes 1969a: 124 [description]. Gauld 1991: 380 [description; review of 2 species from Costa Rica (both described as new); key]. Graf 1997 [3 species in Brazil (2 described as new)]. Gauld et al. 1998: 126 [4 species in Costa Rica (1 described as new); key]. Gauld et al. 2002: 48 [1 species in El Salvador]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; 2 species in Mexico].</p><p>Nomosphecia is a medium-sized genus with six species in the Neotropical region and 13 species in the Oriental and Australian regions. Four species occur in Central America, two of them are also recorded from Mexico.</p><p>In Asia, species of the genus are known to parasitize nests of social vespid wasps ( Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of the genera Eumenes Latreille and Stenogaster Guérin-Méneville (Gupta 1962), and some host records are also from lepidopteran families Lasiocampidae and Lymantriidae . Nothing is known about hosts of the Neotropical species.</p><p>Key to Mexican species of Nomosphecia</p><p>1. Mesosoma yellowish with mesoscutum bearing three longitudinal black or dark brown stripes, mesopleuron posteriorly with black stripe along mesopleural suture, and propodeum with anterior margin black and with more or less distinct inverted U-shaped brownish to black mark (Figs 12, 45). Metasoma yellow, tergites 2–5 anteriorly blackish (Fig. 47). [Propodeum with median longitudinal carinae in front of transverse carina incomplete, rather distinct anteriorly but not reaching back to transverse carina (Fig. 45). Ovipositor projecting beyond margin of subgenital plate by 1.4–1.8× length of hind tibia (Fig. 47).].................................................................................. 2. N. solisi Gauld</p><p>- Mesosoma and metasoma more or less uniformly yellowish orangey or brownish. [Hind tarsus yellow with distal segment black. Propodeum with median longitudinal carinae distinct. Ovipositor almost straight, projecting beyond margin of subgenital plate by 1.3–1.4× length of hind tibia.]................................................. 1. N. mexicana (Morley)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E985729F4DFF2CFB9C97DEA011	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985719F4EFF2CFF1191BCA556.text	636787E985719F4EFF2CFF1191BCA556.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nomosphecia mexicana (Morley 1914)	<div><p>1. Nomosphecia mexicana (Morley, 1914)</p><p>Neotheronia mexicana Morley 1914: 54 [“ type ”, Mexico, Guerrero, Acaguizotla, 3500 ft. (= 1070 m), October; ♀ ♂, Mexico (Veracruz, Tabasco)].</p><p>References. Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 34 [catalogue; Theronia (Neotheronia)]. Gauld 1991: 381 [ Nomosphecia; notes on type]. Gauld et al. 1998: 127 [in key], 177 [lectotype ♀ (NHMUK) designated (?), Mexico, Guerrero, Acahuizotla, 1200 m, x.04, coll. H.H. Smith; description; Mexico (Veracruz, Tabasco), Costa Rica]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; Mexico].</p><p>Material examined. MEXICO. Jalisco: 1 ♀ (UAT) La Huerta, Estación Biológica Chamela, 600 m, Malaise trap, 8–13.ix.1999, coll. M.A. Sarmiento.</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Jalisco, Veracruz, Guerrero, Tabasco), Costa Rica.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E985719F4EFF2CFF1191BCA556	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985719F4EFF2CFD0896E5A282.text	636787E985719F4EFF2CFD0896E5A282.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nomosphecia solisi Gauld 1991	<div><p>2. Nomosphecia solisi Gauld, 1991</p><p>(Figs 8–12, 45–48)</p><p>Nomosphecia solisi Gauld 1991: 384 [holotype ♀ (INBio), Costa Rica, Guanacaste Prov., Guanacaste National Park, Sector Santa Rosa, viii–xii.1984, coll. D. Janzen; ♀ ♂].</p><p>References. Gauld et al. 1998: 127 [in key; Costa Rica], 178 [variation]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; Mexico]. Gauld et al. 2002: 74 [El Salvador]. Hernández-Aguilar et al. 2005: 470 [Mexico (Tamaulipas)]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2010: 66 [checklist; Mexico (Tamaulipas)].</p><p>Material examined. MEXICO. Tamaulipas: 1 ♀ (UAT) Gómez Farías, 20.viii.2009, coll. J.M. Coronado B. 2 ♀ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Los Cedros, Malaise trap, 27.iii–3.iv, 10–17.vii.1999, coll. S. Hernández A. 1 ♀ (UAT) same locality and trap, 21.v.1993, coll. J.M. Coronado B. Same locality, 300 m, coll. D.R. Kasparyan: 1 ♂ (UAT) 5.viii.2000, 1 ♂ (ZISP) 13.iii.2003 . 1 ♀ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Rancho La Gloria, selva mediana, 13.i.1995, coll. C.A. Covarrubias D. 1 ♀ (UAT) Cañon La Liberad, 26.viii.1988, coll. N. Reyes M. Ocampo, Ejido El Bejuco, 900 m, Malaise trap, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino et al. (all in UAT): 9–29.vii.2016 (1 ♀), 30.vii–12.viii.2016 (3 ♀), 27.viii–10.ix.2016 (1 ♀, 1 ♂). 1 ♂ (FSCA) 80 km S of Cd. Victoria, Ruta 85, ca. La Gloria, 23–25.vi.1981, coll. B. Miller, C. Porter &amp; L. Strange. San Luis Potosí: 1 ♂ (UAT) Aquismón, 11.viii.2009, coll. J.M. Coronado B. Veracruz: 1 ♂ (UNAM) San Andrés, Biological Station Los Tuxlas, 150–210 m, selva alta perennifolia, Malaise trap, 14.iv–13.v.2013, coll. M. Madora. 1 ♀ (UNAM) same data, but 16.vi–24.vii.2013 . COSTA RICA. 1 ♀ (UAT) Guanacaste Prov., Santa Rosa National Park, “Bosq. Hum-10–C” [humid forest], 1–22.vi.1985, coll. D. Janzen &amp; I.D. Gauld (det. I.D. Gauld) .</p><p>Variation. Specimens from northern Mexico usually have flagellum more or less entirely black, not orangebrown ventrally, and blackish markings on body are usually weaker than in material from Costa Rica.</p><p>Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz), El Salvador, Costa Rica.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E985719F4EFF2CFD0896E5A282	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985719F4EFF2CF9BF93E9A1DF.text	636787E985719F4EFF2CF9BF93E9A1DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xanthopimpla Saussure 1892	<div><p>Genus Xanthopimpla Saussure, 1892</p><p>Xanthopimpla Saussure 1892: Plate 13, Figs 1–3. Type species: Xanthopimpla hova Saussure, 1892, by subsequent designation (Ashmead 1900a: 56).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E985719F4EFF2CF9BF93E9A1DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
636787E985779F48FF2CFE149627A579.text	636787E985779F48FF2CFE149627A579.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xanthopimpla aurita Krieger 1915	<div><p>1. Xanthopimpla aurita Krieger, 1915</p><p>(Figs 13–15, 49–53)</p><p>Xanthopimpla aurita Krieger 1914: 71 [holotype ♀ (ZMHB), “ Bolivia, Mapiri, Staudinger V.”].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/636787E985779F48FF2CFE149627A579	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2021): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: genera Neotheronia Krieger, Nomosphecia Gupta and Xanthopimpla Saussure. Zootaxa 4950 (3): 401-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.1
